首页 > 最新文献

Chemical Senses最新文献

英文 中文
Olfactory training: effects of multisensory integration, attention towards odors and physical activity. 嗅觉训练:多感官整合、对气味的关注和身体活动的影响。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad037
Zetian Li, Abriat Anne, Thomas Hummel

Olfactory training (OT) has been shown to be of value in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate whether the efficacy of OT could be modulated with multisensory integration, attention towards odors, odor complexity, or physical activity assessed with a questionnaire. One hundred healthy participants were recruited and divided into 4 groups. Except for controls (n = 26, mean age ± SD = 36 ± 15 years) all participants performed OT 4 times a day. In the "video" group (n = 26, age 39 ± 19 years) OT was performed while watching specific and congruent video sequences. In the "counter" group (n = 24, 38 ± 17 years) participants additionally counted the number of odors 1 day per week, and in the "training only" group no additional measures were taken in addition to OT (n = 24, 38 ± 20 years). "Single-molecule" odorants or "complex mixtures" were distributed randomly for training stimulation. Sniffin' sticks tests (odor identification, odor discrimination, and odor threshold), cognitive tests, and a series of scales were measured at both baseline and after 3 months of OT. The degree of physical activity was recorded with a questionnaire. Olfactory function improved in the video and counter groups after OT, especially for odor threshold and discrimination. Yet, odor complexity and the degree of physical activity had limited effects on olfactory improvement after OT. Both multisensory interaction and attention towards odors plus OT appeared to facilitate improvement of olfactory function in healthy individuals compared with OT alone and controls, which could provide new promising treatments for clinical applications.

嗅觉训练(OT)已被证明在治疗嗅觉功能障碍方面具有价值。本研究旨在调查OT的疗效是否可以通过多感官整合、对气味的关注、气味的复杂性或通过问卷评估的体育活动来调节。100名健康参与者被招募并分为4组。除了控制(n = 26岁,平均年龄 ± SD = 36 ± 15年),所有参与者每天进行4次OT。在“视频”组(n = 26岁,39岁 ± 19年)在观看特定且一致的视频序列的同时进行OT。在“计数器”组(n = 24、38 ± 17年)的参与者每周1天额外计算气味的数量,在“仅训练”组中,除了OT(n = 24、38 ± 20年)。“单分子”气味剂或“复杂混合物”被随机分配用于训练刺激。嗅觉棒测试(气味识别、气味辨别和气味阈值)、认知测试和一系列量表在基线和OT 3个月后进行测量。用问卷记录身体活动的程度。OT后,视频组和计数器组的嗅觉功能有所改善,尤其是气味阈值和辨别能力。然而,气味复杂性和身体活动程度对OT后嗅觉改善的影响有限。与单独使用OT和对照组相比,多感官相互作用和对气味的关注加上OT似乎有助于改善健康个体的嗅觉功能,这可能为临床应用提供新的有前景的治疗方法。
{"title":"Olfactory training: effects of multisensory integration, attention towards odors and physical activity.","authors":"Zetian Li, Abriat Anne, Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfactory training (OT) has been shown to be of value in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate whether the efficacy of OT could be modulated with multisensory integration, attention towards odors, odor complexity, or physical activity assessed with a questionnaire. One hundred healthy participants were recruited and divided into 4 groups. Except for controls (n = 26, mean age ± SD = 36 ± 15 years) all participants performed OT 4 times a day. In the \"video\" group (n = 26, age 39 ± 19 years) OT was performed while watching specific and congruent video sequences. In the \"counter\" group (n = 24, 38 ± 17 years) participants additionally counted the number of odors 1 day per week, and in the \"training only\" group no additional measures were taken in addition to OT (n = 24, 38 ± 20 years). \"Single-molecule\" odorants or \"complex mixtures\" were distributed randomly for training stimulation. Sniffin' sticks tests (odor identification, odor discrimination, and odor threshold), cognitive tests, and a series of scales were measured at both baseline and after 3 months of OT. The degree of physical activity was recorded with a questionnaire. Olfactory function improved in the video and counter groups after OT, especially for odor threshold and discrimination. Yet, odor complexity and the degree of physical activity had limited effects on olfactory improvement after OT. Both multisensory interaction and attention towards odors plus OT appeared to facilitate improvement of olfactory function in healthy individuals compared with OT alone and controls, which could provide new promising treatments for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10271955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The T1R3 subunit of the sweet taste receptor is activated by D2O in transmembrane domain-dependent manner. 甜味受体的T1R3亚基被D2O以跨膜结构域依赖的方式激活。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad032
Natalie Ben Abu, Yaron Ben Shoshan-Galeczki, Einav Malach, Masha Y Niv

Deuterium oxide (D2O) is water in which the heavier and rare isotope deuterium replaces both hydrogens. We have previously shown that D2O has a distinctly sweet taste, mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. Here, we explore the effect of heavy water on T1R2 and T1R3 subunits. We show that D2O activates T1R3-transfected HEK293T cells similarly to T1R2/T1R3-transfected cells. The response to glucose dissolved in D2O is higher than in water. Mutations of phenylalanine at position 7305.40 in the transmembrane domain of T1R3 to alanine, leucine, or tyrosine impair or diminish activation by D2O, suggesting a critical role for T1R3 TMD domain in relaying the heavy water signal.

氧化氘(D2O)是一种水,其中较重且稀有的同位素氘取代了两个氢。我们之前已经表明,D2O具有明显的甜味,由T1R2/T1R3甜味受体介导。在这里,我们探讨了重水对T1R2和T1R3亚基的影响。我们发现D2O激活T1R3转染的HEK293T细胞,类似于T1R2/T1R3转染的细胞。对溶解在D2O中的葡萄糖的反应高于在水中的反应。T1R3跨膜结构域7305.40位的苯丙氨酸突变为丙氨酸、亮氨酸或酪氨酸,损害或减少D2O的激活,表明T1R3 TMD结构域在传递重水信号中起着关键作用。
{"title":"The T1R3 subunit of the sweet taste receptor is activated by D2O in transmembrane domain-dependent manner.","authors":"Natalie Ben Abu,&nbsp;Yaron Ben Shoshan-Galeczki,&nbsp;Einav Malach,&nbsp;Masha Y Niv","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deuterium oxide (D2O) is water in which the heavier and rare isotope deuterium replaces both hydrogens. We have previously shown that D2O has a distinctly sweet taste, mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. Here, we explore the effect of heavy water on T1R2 and T1R3 subunits. We show that D2O activates T1R3-transfected HEK293T cells similarly to T1R2/T1R3-transfected cells. The response to glucose dissolved in D2O is higher than in water. Mutations of phenylalanine at position 7305.40 in the transmembrane domain of T1R3 to alanine, leucine, or tyrosine impair or diminish activation by D2O, suggesting a critical role for T1R3 TMD domain in relaying the heavy water signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions? 比较恐惧和焦虑化学信号:它们是否调节面部肌肉活动并促进识别面部表情?
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad016
Nuno Gomes, Bettina M Pause, Monique A M Smeets, Gün R Semin

Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in chemosignals' research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii); and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers' facial muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.

恐惧和焦虑是化学信号研究中最常研究的情绪状态。尽管这两种情绪状态之间存在差异,但使用恐惧和焦虑体臭(BOs)进行的研究结果通常被视为类似现象的一部分。在本文中,我们在化学信号研究中常用的两个因变量上研究了暴露于恐惧和焦虑BOs的参与者之间可能的异同:(1)在恐惧表达的表现中面部肌肉的激活(即内侧额肌和皱襞上纤毛);(2)区分消极情绪表达(恐惧、愤怒和厌恶)和中性情绪表达所需的时间。我们的研究结果表明,恐惧(相对于休息)和焦虑(相对于运动)会激活内侧额肌,这表明两者对接受者的面部肌肉有相似的影响。然而,我们无法重复先前的研究结果,关于恐惧BOs在区分消极情绪面孔和中性情绪面孔方面的影响。另外两次复制尝试都未能复制先前的结果,这表明在文献中报道的这种特定范式的结果应该谨慎解释。对未来研究恐惧型和焦虑型bo之间可能存在的差异提出了建议。
{"title":"Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?","authors":"Nuno Gomes,&nbsp;Bettina M Pause,&nbsp;Monique A M Smeets,&nbsp;Gün R Semin","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in chemosignals' research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii); and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers' facial muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Expansive linguistic representations to predict interpretable odor mixture discriminability. 预测可解释气味混合物可分辨性的扩展语言表征。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad018
Amit Dhurandhar, Hongyang Li, Guillermo A Cecchi, Pablo Meyer

Language is often thought as being poorly adapted to precisely describe or quantify smell and olfactory attributes. In this work, we show that semantic descriptors of odors can be implemented in a model to successfully predict odor mixture discriminability, an olfactory attribute. We achieved this by taking advantage of the structure-to-percept model we previously developed for monomolecular odorants, using chemical descriptors to predict pleasantness, intensity and 19 semantic descriptors such as "fish," "cold," "burnt," "garlic," "grass," and "sweet" for odor mixtures, followed by a metric learning to obtain odor mixture discriminability. Through this expansion of the representation of olfactory mixtures, our Semantic model outperforms state of the art methods by taking advantage of the intermediary semantic representations learned from human perception data to enhance and generalize the odor discriminability/similarity predictions. As 10 of the semantic descriptors were selected to predict discriminability/similarity, our approach meets the need of rapidly obtaining interpretable attributes of odor mixtures as illustrated by the difficulty of finding olfactory metamers. More fundamentally, it also shows that language can be used to establish a metric of discriminability in the everyday olfactory space.

语言通常被认为无法精确描述或量化气味和嗅觉属性。在这项工作中,我们展示了气味的语义描述符可以应用于模型中,从而成功预测气味混合物的可辨别性(一种嗅觉属性)。我们利用之前针对单分子气味剂开发的结构到感知模型,使用化学描述符预测气味混合物的愉悦度、强度和 19 种语义描述符(如 "鱼"、"冷"、"焦"、"蒜"、"草 "和 "甜"),然后通过度量学习获得气味混合物的可辨别性。通过这种对嗅觉混合物表征的扩展,我们的语义模型利用从人类感知数据中学到的中间语义表征来增强和概括气味可分辨性/相似性预测,从而超越了现有的方法。由于选择了 10 个语义描述符来预测可辨别性/相似性,我们的方法满足了快速获得气味混合物可解释属性的需求,这一点从寻找嗅觉元化合物的困难中可见一斑。更重要的是,它还表明语言可用于建立日常嗅觉空间中的可判别性度量。
{"title":"Expansive linguistic representations to predict interpretable odor mixture discriminability.","authors":"Amit Dhurandhar, Hongyang Li, Guillermo A Cecchi, Pablo Meyer","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Language is often thought as being poorly adapted to precisely describe or quantify smell and olfactory attributes. In this work, we show that semantic descriptors of odors can be implemented in a model to successfully predict odor mixture discriminability, an olfactory attribute. We achieved this by taking advantage of the structure-to-percept model we previously developed for monomolecular odorants, using chemical descriptors to predict pleasantness, intensity and 19 semantic descriptors such as \"fish,\" \"cold,\" \"burnt,\" \"garlic,\" \"grass,\" and \"sweet\" for odor mixtures, followed by a metric learning to obtain odor mixture discriminability. Through this expansion of the representation of olfactory mixtures, our Semantic model outperforms state of the art methods by taking advantage of the intermediary semantic representations learned from human perception data to enhance and generalize the odor discriminability/similarity predictions. As 10 of the semantic descriptors were selected to predict discriminability/similarity, our approach meets the need of rapidly obtaining interpretable attributes of odor mixtures as illustrated by the difficulty of finding olfactory metamers. More fundamentally, it also shows that language can be used to establish a metric of discriminability in the everyday olfactory space.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paradoxical electro-olfactogram responses in TMEM16B knock-out mice. TMEM16B基因敲除小鼠的反常电心电图反应。
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad003
Giorgia Guarneri, Simone Pifferi, Michele Dibattista, Johannes Reisert, Anna Menini

The Ca2+-activated Cl¯ channel TMEM16B carries up to 90% of the transduction current evoked by odorant stimulation in olfactory sensory neurons and control the number of action potential firing and therefore the length of the train of action potentials. A loss of function approach revealed that TMEM16B is required for olfactory-driven behaviors such as tracking unfamiliar odors. Here, we used the electro-olfactogram (EOG) technique to investigate the contribution of TMEM16B to odorant transduction in the whole olfactory epithelium. Surprisingly, we found that EOG responses from Tmem16b knock out mice have a bigger amplitude compared to those of wild type. Moreover, the kinetics of EOG responses is faster in absence of TMEM16B, while the ability to adapt to repeated stimulation is altered in knock out mice. The larger EOG responses in Tmem16b knock out may be the results of the removal of the clamping and/or shunting action of the Ca2+-activated Cl¯ currents leading to the paradox of having smaller transduction current but larger generator potential.

在嗅觉神经元中,Ca2+激活的Cl¯通道TMEM16B携带了由气味刺激诱发的90%的传导电流,并控制着动作电位点燃的数量,从而控制着动作电位序列的长度。功能缺失法发现,TMEM16B 是嗅觉驱动行为(如追踪陌生气味)所必需的。在这里,我们使用电-olfactogram(EOG)技术研究了 TMEM16B 对整个嗅上皮细胞气味传导的贡献。令人惊讶的是,我们发现与野生型小鼠相比,Tmem16b基因敲除小鼠的EOG反应振幅更大。此外,在 TMEM16B 缺失的情况下,EOG 反应的动力学速度更快,同时基因敲除小鼠对重复刺激的适应能力也发生了改变。Tmem16b基因敲除小鼠更大的EOG反应可能是由于消除了Ca2+激活的Cl'电流的钳位和/或分流作用,从而导致了转导电流变小但发生器电位变大的悖论。
{"title":"Paradoxical electro-olfactogram responses in TMEM16B knock-out mice.","authors":"Giorgia Guarneri, Simone Pifferi, Michele Dibattista, Johannes Reisert, Anna Menini","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Ca2+-activated Cl¯ channel TMEM16B carries up to 90% of the transduction current evoked by odorant stimulation in olfactory sensory neurons and control the number of action potential firing and therefore the length of the train of action potentials. A loss of function approach revealed that TMEM16B is required for olfactory-driven behaviors such as tracking unfamiliar odors. Here, we used the electro-olfactogram (EOG) technique to investigate the contribution of TMEM16B to odorant transduction in the whole olfactory epithelium. Surprisingly, we found that EOG responses from Tmem16b knock out mice have a bigger amplitude compared to those of wild type. Moreover, the kinetics of EOG responses is faster in absence of TMEM16B, while the ability to adapt to repeated stimulation is altered in knock out mice. The larger EOG responses in Tmem16b knock out may be the results of the removal of the clamping and/or shunting action of the Ca2+-activated Cl¯ currents leading to the paradox of having smaller transduction current but larger generator potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neural suppression in odor recognition memory. 气味识别记忆中的神经抑制。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad001
Tom Eek, Fredrik Lundin, Maria Larsson, Paul Hamilton, Charalampos Georgiopoulos
Abstract Little is known about the neural basis of lower- and higher-order olfactory functions such as odor memory, compared with other sensory systems. The aim of this study was to explore neural networks and correlates associated with 3 functions: passive smelling (PS), odor encoding (OE), and in particular odor recognition memory (ORM). Twenty-six healthy participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging conducted across 3 sessions, one for each function. Independent component analysis revealed a difference between sessions where a distinct ORM component incorporating hippocampus and posterior cingulate showed delayed triggering dissociated from odor stimulation and recognition. By contrasting Hit for ORM (target odors correctly recognized as old) and a combination of PS and detected odors from OE, we found significantly lower activations in amygdala, piriform cortex, insula, thalamus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Region of interest analysis including anterior insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and piriform cortex demonstrated that Hit were associated with lower activations compared with other memory responses. In summary, our findings suggest that successful recognition of familiar odors (odor familiarity) is associated with neural suppression in the abovementioned regions of interest. Additionally, network including the hippocampus and posterior cingulate is engaged in a postrecognition process. This process may be related to incidental encoding of less familiar and more novel odors (odor novelty) and should be subject for future research.
与其他感觉系统相比,我们对低阶和高阶嗅觉功能(如气味记忆)的神经基础知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨神经网络及其相关的3个功能:被动嗅觉(PS),气味编码(OE),特别是气味识别记忆(ORM)。26名健康参与者接受了功能性磁共振成像检查,分为三个阶段,每个阶段分别进行一次。独立成分分析显示,在不同的会话中,包含海马体和后扣带的ORM成分表现出延迟触发,与气味刺激和识别分离。通过对比Hit对ORM(正确识别为旧的目标气味)和PS和OE检测到的气味的组合,我们发现杏仁核、梨状皮质、脑岛、丘脑和下顶叶的激活明显降低。包括前岛、后扣带回、齿状回、左额中回、杏仁核和梨状皮质在内的兴趣区分析表明,与其他记忆反应相比,Hit的激活程度较低。总之,我们的研究结果表明,成功识别熟悉气味(气味熟悉度)与上述感兴趣区域的神经抑制有关。此外,包括海马体和后扣带在内的神经网络参与了后认知过程。这一过程可能与不太熟悉和更新颖的气味(气味新颖性)的偶然编码有关,应该是未来研究的主题。
{"title":"Neural suppression in odor recognition memory.","authors":"Tom Eek,&nbsp;Fredrik Lundin,&nbsp;Maria Larsson,&nbsp;Paul Hamilton,&nbsp;Charalampos Georgiopoulos","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about the neural basis of lower- and higher-order olfactory functions such as odor memory, compared with other sensory systems. The aim of this study was to explore neural networks and correlates associated with 3 functions: passive smelling (PS), odor encoding (OE), and in particular odor recognition memory (ORM). Twenty-six healthy participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging conducted across 3 sessions, one for each function. Independent component analysis revealed a difference between sessions where a distinct ORM component incorporating hippocampus and posterior cingulate showed delayed triggering dissociated from odor stimulation and recognition. By contrasting Hit for ORM (target odors correctly recognized as old) and a combination of PS and detected odors from OE, we found significantly lower activations in amygdala, piriform cortex, insula, thalamus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Region of interest analysis including anterior insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and piriform cortex demonstrated that Hit were associated with lower activations compared with other memory responses. In summary, our findings suggest that successful recognition of familiar odors (odor familiarity) is associated with neural suppression in the abovementioned regions of interest. Additionally, network including the hippocampus and posterior cingulate is engaged in a postrecognition process. This process may be related to incidental encoding of less familiar and more novel odors (odor novelty) and should be subject for future research.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/a6/bjad001.PMC9940621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9143332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Palatability profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 自发性高血压大鼠适口性特征。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad013
Emilson Donizete Pereira Junior, Laurival A De Luca Junior, José Vanderlei Menani, Carina Aparecida Fabrício Andrade

The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have enhanced palatability for NaCl taste as measured by the increased number of hedonic versus aversive responses to intraoral infusion (1 mL/1 min) of 0.3 M NaCl, in a taste reactivity test in euhydrated condition or after 24 h of water deprivation + 2 h of partial rehydration (WD-PR). SHRs also ingested more sucrose than normotensive rats, without differences in quinine hydrochloride intake. Here, we investigated the palatability of SHRs (n = 8-10) and normotensive Holtzman rats (n = 8-10) to sucrose and quinine sulphate infused intraorally in the same conditions that NaCl palatability was increased in SHRs. SHRs had similar number of hedonic responses to 2% sucrose in euhydrated condition (95 ± 19) or after WD-PR (142 ± 25), responses increased when compared with normotensive rats in euhydrated condition (13 ± 3) or after WD-PR (21 ± 6). SHRs also showed increased number of aversive responses to 1.4 mM quinine sulphate compared with normotensive rats, whether in euhydrated condition (86 ± 6, vs. normotensive: 54 ± 7) or after WD-PR (89 ± 9, vs. normotensive: 40 ± 9). The results suggest that similar to NaCl taste, sweet taste responses are increased in SHRs and resistant to challenges in bodily fluid balance. They also showed a more intense aversive response in SHRs to bitter taste compared with normotensives. This suggests that the enhanced response of SHRs to taste rewards does not correspond to a decreased response to a typical aversive taste.

在脱水条件下或24小时缺水+ 2小时部分补液(WD-PR)后的味觉反应性测试中,通过口服(1 mL/1分钟)0.3 M NaCl,自发性高血压大鼠(SHRs)对NaCl味觉的适口性增强。SHRs也比正常血压的大鼠摄入更多的蔗糖,但在盐酸奎宁的摄入量上没有差异。在相同的条件下,我们研究了SHRs (n = 8-10)和正常血压的Holtzman大鼠(n = 8-10)对口服注入蔗糖和硫酸奎宁的适口性。在脱水状态下(86±6,正常状态下:54±7)或WD-PR后(89±9,正常状态下),SHRs对2%蔗糖的快乐反应数量与正常状态下(95±19)或WD-PR后(142±25)相似,与正常状态下(13±3)或WD-PR后(21±6)的反应相比,SHRs对1.4 mM硫酸奎宁的厌恶反应数量也比正常状态下的大鼠增加。结果表明,与NaCl味觉相似,SHRs的甜味反应增强,对体液平衡的挑战具有抵抗力。与血压正常者相比,他们的SHRs对苦味的厌恶反应也更强烈。这表明,SHRs对味觉奖励的增强反应并不对应于对典型的厌恶味道的减少反应。
{"title":"Palatability profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Emilson Donizete Pereira Junior,&nbsp;Laurival A De Luca Junior,&nbsp;José Vanderlei Menani,&nbsp;Carina Aparecida Fabrício Andrade","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have enhanced palatability for NaCl taste as measured by the increased number of hedonic versus aversive responses to intraoral infusion (1 mL/1 min) of 0.3 M NaCl, in a taste reactivity test in euhydrated condition or after 24 h of water deprivation + 2 h of partial rehydration (WD-PR). SHRs also ingested more sucrose than normotensive rats, without differences in quinine hydrochloride intake. Here, we investigated the palatability of SHRs (n = 8-10) and normotensive Holtzman rats (n = 8-10) to sucrose and quinine sulphate infused intraorally in the same conditions that NaCl palatability was increased in SHRs. SHRs had similar number of hedonic responses to 2% sucrose in euhydrated condition (95 ± 19) or after WD-PR (142 ± 25), responses increased when compared with normotensive rats in euhydrated condition (13 ± 3) or after WD-PR (21 ± 6). SHRs also showed increased number of aversive responses to 1.4 mM quinine sulphate compared with normotensive rats, whether in euhydrated condition (86 ± 6, vs. normotensive: 54 ± 7) or after WD-PR (89 ± 9, vs. normotensive: 40 ± 9). The results suggest that similar to NaCl taste, sweet taste responses are increased in SHRs and resistant to challenges in bodily fluid balance. They also showed a more intense aversive response in SHRs to bitter taste compared with normotensives. This suggests that the enhanced response of SHRs to taste rewards does not correspond to a decreased response to a typical aversive taste.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating the relationship between liquid- and vapor-phase odorant concentrations using a photoionization detector (PID)-based approach. 利用基于光电离检测器(PID)的方法估计液相和气相气味剂浓度之间的关系。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac038
Liam Jennings, Ellie Williams, Samuel Caton, Marta Avlas, Adam Dewan

Olfactory studies frequently utilize odor stimuli consisting of volatiles created from liquid dilutions of various chemicals. A problem arises if the researcher relies on these liquid dilutions to extrapolate vapor concentrations based on ideal gas behavior. For most chemicals, the relationship between liquid and vapor concentration deviates from these laws of proportionality due to interactions between the chemical and the solvent. Here, we describe a method to estimate vapor-phase concentrations of diluted odorants using a photoionization detector. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed the relationship between liquid-/vapor-phase concentrations for 14 odorants (7 alcohols, 1 ester, and 6 aldehydes) in 5 different solvents (water, mineral oil, diethyl phthalate, dipropylene glycol, and propylene glycol). An analysis of 7 additional esters is also included to assess how carbon chain length and functional group, interacts with these solvents (for a total of 105 odorant/solvent pairs). Our resulting equilibrium equations successfully corrected for behavioral sensitivity differences observed in mice tested with the same odorant in different solvents and were overall similar to published measurements using a gas chromatography-based approach. In summary, this method should allow researchers to determine the vapor-phase concentration of diluted odorants and will hopefully assist in more accurate comparisons of odorant concentrations across olfactory studies.

嗅觉研究经常利用由各种化学物质的液体稀释产生的挥发物组成的气味刺激。如果研究人员依靠这些液体稀释来推断基于理想气体行为的蒸汽浓度,问题就出现了。对于大多数化学品,由于化学品和溶剂之间的相互作用,液体和蒸汽浓度之间的关系偏离了这些比例定律。在这里,我们描述了一种方法来估计气相浓度稀释的气味剂使用光电离检测器。为了证明该方法的实用性,我们评估了14种气味剂(7种醇类、1种酯类和6种醛类)在5种不同溶剂(水、矿物油、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、二丙二醇和丙二醇)中的液/气相浓度之间的关系。另外还分析了7种酯,以评估碳链长度和官能团如何与这些溶剂相互作用(总共105对气味剂/溶剂)。我们得到的平衡方程成功地纠正了在不同溶剂中使用相同气味的小鼠观察到的行为敏感性差异,并且总体上与使用基于气相色谱的方法发表的测量结果相似。总之,这种方法应该允许研究人员确定稀释气味剂的气相浓度,并有望帮助更准确地比较嗅觉研究中的气味浓度。
{"title":"Estimating the relationship between liquid- and vapor-phase odorant concentrations using a photoionization detector (PID)-based approach.","authors":"Liam Jennings,&nbsp;Ellie Williams,&nbsp;Samuel Caton,&nbsp;Marta Avlas,&nbsp;Adam Dewan","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjac038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfactory studies frequently utilize odor stimuli consisting of volatiles created from liquid dilutions of various chemicals. A problem arises if the researcher relies on these liquid dilutions to extrapolate vapor concentrations based on ideal gas behavior. For most chemicals, the relationship between liquid and vapor concentration deviates from these laws of proportionality due to interactions between the chemical and the solvent. Here, we describe a method to estimate vapor-phase concentrations of diluted odorants using a photoionization detector. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed the relationship between liquid-/vapor-phase concentrations for 14 odorants (7 alcohols, 1 ester, and 6 aldehydes) in 5 different solvents (water, mineral oil, diethyl phthalate, dipropylene glycol, and propylene glycol). An analysis of 7 additional esters is also included to assess how carbon chain length and functional group, interacts with these solvents (for a total of 105 odorant/solvent pairs). Our resulting equilibrium equations successfully corrected for behavioral sensitivity differences observed in mice tested with the same odorant in different solvents and were overall similar to published measurements using a gas chromatography-based approach. In summary, this method should allow researchers to determine the vapor-phase concentration of diluted odorants and will hopefully assist in more accurate comparisons of odorant concentrations across olfactory studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208748/pdf/bjac038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9521061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Unraveling the universality of chemical fear communication: evidence from behavioral, genetic, and chemical analyses. 揭示化学恐惧交流的普遍性:来自行为、遗传和化学分析的证据。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad046
Jasper H B de Groot, Tobias Haertl, Helene M Loos, Christin Bachmann, Athanasia Kontouli, Monique A M Smeets

Abundant evidence indicates that humans can communicate threat-related information to conspecifics through their body odors. However, prior research has been primarily conducted on Western (WEIRD) samples. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether threat-related information can be transmitted by individuals of East Asian descent who carry a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G → A in the ABCC11 gene, which significantly reduces (noticeable) body odor. To examine this, we recruited 18 self-identified male East Asian AA-homozygotes and 18 self-identified male Western individuals who were carriers of the functional G-allele. We collected samples of their fear-related and neutral body odors. Subsequently, we conducted a double-blind behavioral experiment in which we presented these samples to 69 self-identified female participants of Western Caucasian and East Asian backgrounds. The participants were asked to rate faces that were morphed between expressions of fear and disgust. Notably, despite the "odorless" phenotypical expression of the ABCC11-mutation in East Asians, their fear odor caused a perceptual fear bias in both East Asian and Caucasian receivers. This finding leaves open the possibility of universal fear chemosignaling. Additionally, we conducted exploratory chemical analysis to gain initial insights into the chemical composition of the body odors presented. In a subsequent pre-registered behavioral study (N = 33), we found that exposure to hexadecanoic acid, an abundant compound in the fear and neutral body odor samples, was sufficient to reproduce the observed behavioral effects. While exploratory, these findings provide insight into how specific chemical components can drive chemical fear communication.

大量证据表明,人类可以通过气味向同种动物传递与威胁相关的信息。然而,先前的研究主要针对西方(WEIRD)样本。在这项研究中,我们旨在调查携带单核苷酸多态性(SNP)538G的东亚后裔是否可以传播威胁相关信息→ ABCC11基因中的A,可显著减少(明显的)体味。为了验证这一点,我们招募了18名东亚AA纯合子和18名功能性G等位基因携带者的西方男性个体。我们收集了他们与恐惧有关的中性体味样本。随后,我们进行了一项双盲行为实验,将这些样本提供给69名具有西方高加索和东亚背景的自我识别女性参与者。参与者被要求对在恐惧和厌恶表情之间变化的面孔进行评分。值得注意的是,尽管ABCC11突变在东亚人中有“无气味”的表型表达,但他们的恐惧气味在东亚人和高加索人中都引起了感知恐惧偏见。这一发现为普遍恐惧的化学信号提供了可能性。此外,我们进行了探索性化学分析,以初步了解所呈现的体味的化学成分。在随后的一项预先注册的行为研究中(N=33),我们发现暴露于十六烷酸(恐惧和中性体味样本中的一种丰富化合物)足以再现观察到的行为影响。在探索性的同时,这些发现提供了对特定化学成分如何驱动化学恐惧交流的见解。
{"title":"Unraveling the universality of chemical fear communication: evidence from behavioral, genetic, and chemical analyses.","authors":"Jasper H B de Groot, Tobias Haertl, Helene M Loos, Christin Bachmann, Athanasia Kontouli, Monique A M Smeets","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abundant evidence indicates that humans can communicate threat-related information to conspecifics through their body odors. However, prior research has been primarily conducted on Western (WEIRD) samples. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether threat-related information can be transmitted by individuals of East Asian descent who carry a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G → A in the ABCC11 gene, which significantly reduces (noticeable) body odor. To examine this, we recruited 18 self-identified male East Asian AA-homozygotes and 18 self-identified male Western individuals who were carriers of the functional G-allele. We collected samples of their fear-related and neutral body odors. Subsequently, we conducted a double-blind behavioral experiment in which we presented these samples to 69 self-identified female participants of Western Caucasian and East Asian backgrounds. The participants were asked to rate faces that were morphed between expressions of fear and disgust. Notably, despite the \"odorless\" phenotypical expression of the ABCC11-mutation in East Asians, their fear odor caused a perceptual fear bias in both East Asian and Caucasian receivers. This finding leaves open the possibility of universal fear chemosignaling. Additionally, we conducted exploratory chemical analysis to gain initial insights into the chemical composition of the body odors presented. In a subsequent pre-registered behavioral study (N = 33), we found that exposure to hexadecanoic acid, an abundant compound in the fear and neutral body odor samples, was sufficient to reproduce the observed behavioral effects. While exploratory, these findings provide insight into how specific chemical components can drive chemical fear communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10718800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editor-in-Chief's Note-Thank you to Reviewers. 主编手记--感谢审稿人。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad048
{"title":"Editor-in-Chief's Note-Thank you to Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139037383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Chemical Senses
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1