Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1883
Kouamé Jean Marc N' Guessan, Seiny Roger N'Dri, Yapi Hermann Arstide Yapo, Légré Paul Gauly, Ali Sanou, Segninhintenin Bakary Soro, Mariame Coulibaly, Drissa Bamba, N' Guessan Alfred Yao
Heavy metal pollution of surface waters from anthropogenic activities is constantly increasing. Monitoring techniques must therefore be more precise and more sensitive. One of the effective methods available is the development of sensitive electrochemical sensors, dedicated to the analysis of pollutants in aqueous solution. The carbon paste electrode (CPE) in this study was modified with Moringa Oleifera seed powder, a flocculant-adsorbent used to treat water. This chemically modified electrode presented improved electrochemical reactivity in cyclic votammetry towards the redox marker Ferri / Ferrocyanide compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The 10 % modifier presented the most interest during the analysis. The Modified electrode was used to detect mercury (II) in anodic stripping voltammetry. The detection current of mercury (II) is seven times that of carbon paste electrode (CPE). The calibration curve is linear in the range from 0.002 μmol/L to 0.009 μmol/L (0.4 μg/L to 1.8 μg/L) with a detection limit of 0.4 ηmol/L (i.e.0.08 μg/L). This new technique can be used for routine monitoring of real aqueous matrices.
{"title":"Characterization and Application of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder to the Electrochemical Detection of Mercury","authors":"Kouamé Jean Marc N' Guessan, Seiny Roger N'Dri, Yapi Hermann Arstide Yapo, Légré Paul Gauly, Ali Sanou, Segninhintenin Bakary Soro, Mariame Coulibaly, Drissa Bamba, N' Guessan Alfred Yao","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1883","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution of surface waters from anthropogenic activities is constantly increasing. Monitoring techniques must therefore be more precise and more sensitive. One of the effective methods available is the development of sensitive electrochemical sensors, dedicated to the analysis of pollutants in aqueous solution. The carbon paste electrode (CPE) in this study was modified with Moringa Oleifera seed powder, a flocculant-adsorbent used to treat water. This chemically modified electrode presented improved electrochemical reactivity in cyclic votammetry towards the redox marker Ferri / Ferrocyanide compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The 10 % modifier presented the most interest during the analysis. The Modified electrode was used to detect mercury (II) in anodic stripping voltammetry. The detection current of mercury (II) is seven times that of carbon paste electrode (CPE). The calibration curve is linear in the range from 0.002 μmol/L to 0.009 μmol/L (0.4 μg/L to 1.8 μg/L) with a detection limit of 0.4 ηmol/L (i.e.0.08 μg/L). This new technique can be used for routine monitoring of real aqueous matrices.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1882
Fatou Barr, Ndèye Fatou Ndiaye, Antoine Blaise Kama, F. Tamboura, M. Dieng, R. Alambedji, I. Thiam, A. Barry, N. Claiser, M. Souhassou, M. Gaye
The reactions of the Schiff base 2,2’-[(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl) bis-(imino-methane diyl)] bis-(4-bromophenol) (H3L), with metal transition ions (Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II),) afforded one type of complex formulated as [M(HL)(H2O)2].nH2O. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, molar conductivity and room temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of nickel (II) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 7.7702(4) Å, b = 23.1921(15) Å, c = 10.6853(5) Å, V = 1925.57(15) Å3, Z = 8, R1 = 0.043 and wR2 = 0.107, Dcalc = 1.893 Mg m−3. The ligand acts in tetradentate fashion in its di-deprotonated form. Two coordinated water molecules complete the coordination sphere. The environment around the Ni(II) center is best described as an octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure of the Schiff base ligand, the existence of a strong intramolecular O-H•••O hydrogen bonding [O2W-H2W 0.80(3) Å, H2W •••O1 1.915(3) Å, O2W••• O1 2.6258(19) Å, O2W-H2W•••O1 148(3)°] and [O1W-H1W 0.73(3), H1W•••O1 2.15(4) Å, O1W•••O1 2.836(2)Å, O1W-H1W•••O1 156(4)°] are observed. Antibacterial activity study shows that the cadmium (II) complex is more active than the free ligand on.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescence and Antibacterial Activities Studies of Transition Metals Complexes with a Macro Acyclic Schiff Base Ligand","authors":"Fatou Barr, Ndèye Fatou Ndiaye, Antoine Blaise Kama, F. Tamboura, M. Dieng, R. Alambedji, I. Thiam, A. Barry, N. Claiser, M. Souhassou, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1882","url":null,"abstract":"The reactions of the Schiff base 2,2’-[(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl) bis-(imino-methane diyl)] bis-(4-bromophenol) (H3L), with metal transition ions (Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II),) afforded one type of complex formulated as [M(HL)(H2O)2].nH2O. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, molar conductivity and room temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of nickel (II) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 7.7702(4) Å, b = 23.1921(15) Å, c = 10.6853(5) Å, V = 1925.57(15) Å3, Z = 8, R1 = 0.043 and wR2 = 0.107, Dcalc = 1.893 Mg m−3. The ligand acts in tetradentate fashion in its di-deprotonated form. Two coordinated water molecules complete the coordination sphere. The environment around the Ni(II) center is best described as an octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure of the Schiff base ligand, the existence of a strong intramolecular O-H•••O hydrogen bonding [O2W-H2W 0.80(3) Å, H2W •••O1 1.915(3) Å, O2W••• O1 2.6258(19) Å, O2W-H2W•••O1 148(3)°] and [O1W-H1W 0.73(3), H1W•••O1 2.15(4) Å, O1W•••O1 2.836(2)Å, O1W-H1W•••O1 156(4)°] are observed. Antibacterial activity study shows that the cadmium (II) complex is more active than the free ligand on.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dairy industry is playing an increasing role in food security and economics of West African countries. However there is a need for more information on the quality and history of the dairy products found on the local markets in order to guide necessary reformations in this sector. The objective of this study was to provide data on the quality and processing practices of dairy products, including some locally manufactured dairy products and imported powder milk commercialised in Burkina Faso. Specifically, a survey was carried out first, to identify the locally manufactured dairy products as well as the manufacturing practices, particularly the malpractices not yet reported in the literature. Then, locally manufactured dairy products (excluding the traditionally fermented milk lait caillé and pasteurised milk), imported powder milk from brands frequently used for processing milk products and fraudulent practices identified during the survey were evaluated through laboratory analyses. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, acidity and moisture content were determined. In addition microbiological parameters such as aerobic mesophilic flora, yeast and mold, thermotolerant coliforms or enterobactria, were also determined. Results from the survey showed that good manufacturing practices were not strictly observed. In addition it was reported use of salt and a popular street medicine “toupaϊ” (supposedly an antibiotic) for delaying the spoilage/fermentation of the raw milk. Six types of locally manufactured milk products were identified while seven brands of powder milk were frequently used, after repackaging, for processing milk products. Most samples of locally manufactured products were unsatisfactory for fungal and thermotolerant coliforms loads. Powder milk samples showed absence of enterobacteria. Sensory analyses showed that locally manufactured products from powder milk were more appreciated than those made from raw milk. Attempts to reproduce the malpractices of using salt or “toupaϊ” did not lead to significant results compared to the control, suggesting that some respondents did not fully open up about the malpractices. These data are useful since they would give tools to policy makers for quality control and regulation in the sector of dairy products.
{"title":"Processing Practices and Quality of Dairy Products in Burkina Faso","authors":"Geoffroy Romaric Bayili, Kalo Marcus Millogo, Philips Dossou, Leila Portio Ardiata Bengaly, Abigail Naomi Ouangraoua, Salif Guel, Mariam Coulibaly-Diakité","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1880","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy industry is playing an increasing role in food security and economics of West African countries. However there is a need for more information on the quality and history of the dairy products found on the local markets in order to guide necessary reformations in this sector. The objective of this study was to provide data on the quality and processing practices of dairy products, including some locally manufactured dairy products and imported powder milk commercialised in Burkina Faso. Specifically, a survey was carried out first, to identify the locally manufactured dairy products as well as the manufacturing practices, particularly the malpractices not yet reported in the literature. Then, locally manufactured dairy products (excluding the traditionally fermented milk lait caillé and pasteurised milk), imported powder milk from brands frequently used for processing milk products and fraudulent practices identified during the survey were evaluated through laboratory analyses. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, acidity and moisture content were determined. In addition microbiological parameters such as aerobic mesophilic flora, yeast and mold, thermotolerant coliforms or enterobactria, were also determined. \u0000Results from the survey showed that good manufacturing practices were not strictly observed. In addition it was reported use of salt and a popular street medicine “toupaϊ” (supposedly an antibiotic) for delaying the spoilage/fermentation of the raw milk. Six types of locally manufactured milk products were identified while seven brands of powder milk were frequently used, after repackaging, for processing milk products. Most samples of locally manufactured products were unsatisfactory for fungal and thermotolerant coliforms loads. Powder milk samples showed absence of enterobacteria. Sensory analyses showed that locally manufactured products from powder milk were more appreciated than those made from raw milk. Attempts to reproduce the malpractices of using salt or “toupaϊ” did not lead to significant results compared to the control, suggesting that some respondents did not fully open up about the malpractices. These data are useful since they would give tools to policy makers for quality control and regulation in the sector of dairy products.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1879
Ukeme D. Archibong, E. Ikpe, Osemudiamhen D. Amienghemhen
Activated Carbon of high adsorption efficiency and highly active surface properties were prepared from water melon fruits peels by using 1M H2SO4 solution, followed by activation at 300oC for 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is considered on the following; the effect of concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The physicochemical characteristics such as ash content (18.7%), pH(6.72),moisture content (1.82), bulk density(0.36) and conductivity (32.4) were investigated to understand the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon prepared from water melon peels. The adsorptive efficiency of the adsorbent in removing Cadmium and Copper ions from wastewater were compared with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, which proved effective removal efficiency within the range of 91.80 – 99.98 %. On the whole chemically activated watermelon peels should be used in treating our wastewaters, for a cleaner and healthier environment.
{"title":"Adsorption of Copper and Cadmium from Wastewater Using Chemically Activated Watermelon Peels as Adsorbent","authors":"Ukeme D. Archibong, E. Ikpe, Osemudiamhen D. Amienghemhen","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i1879","url":null,"abstract":"Activated Carbon of high adsorption efficiency and highly active surface properties were prepared from water melon fruits peels by using 1M H2SO4 solution, followed by activation at 300oC for 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is considered on the following; the effect of concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The physicochemical characteristics such as ash content (18.7%), pH(6.72),moisture content (1.82), bulk density(0.36) and conductivity (32.4) were investigated to understand the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon prepared from water melon peels. The adsorptive efficiency of the adsorbent in removing Cadmium and Copper ions from wastewater were compared with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, which proved effective removal efficiency within the range of 91.80 – 99.98 %. On the whole chemically activated watermelon peels should be used in treating our wastewaters, for a cleaner and healthier environment.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6877
B. Traoré, Gregory Excoffier, A. Fall, I. Thiam, M. Sidibe, O. Diouf, M. Gaye
A new unsymmetrical ligand (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol C16N17NO2 (I), was synthetized by one-step condensation reaction. The structure of this new compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with the following unit cell parameters a = 11.7570 (6) Å, b = 10.0711 (6) Å, c = 23.4478(13) Å, V = 2776.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.045 and wR2 = 0.125. The title compound crystallizes with two enantiomers (A and B) in the asymmetric unit which are both in E-stereoisomers. In the crystal structure of the racemic compound, the most noticeable difference between these two molecules is the dihedral angle values between the phenyl rings: 61.61 (1)° and 60.96(1)°.
通过一步缩合反应合成了一种新的不对称配体 (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol C16N17NO2 (I)。元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、1H 和 13C NMR 光谱技术证实了这种新化合物的结构。化合物 (I) 在正交空间群 P212121 中结晶，单胞参数如下：a = 11.7570 (6) Å, b = 10.0711 (6) Å, c = 23.4478 (13) Å, V = 2776.4 (3) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.045 和 wR2 = 0.125。标题化合物结晶的不对称单元中有两种对映体（A 和 B），它们都是 E 立体异构体。在外消旋化合物的晶体结构中，这两个分子之间最明显的差别是苯基环之间的二面角值：61.61 (1)° 和 60.96(1)°。
{"title":"Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Study of (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol","authors":"B. Traoré, Gregory Excoffier, A. Fall, I. Thiam, M. Sidibe, O. Diouf, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6877","url":null,"abstract":"A new unsymmetrical ligand (E)-2-methoxy-4-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)phenol C16N17NO2 (I), was synthetized by one-step condensation reaction. The structure of this new compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with the following unit cell parameters a = 11.7570 (6) Å, b = 10.0711 (6) Å, c = 23.4478(13) Å, V = 2776.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.045 and wR2 = 0.125. The title compound crystallizes with two enantiomers (A and B) in the asymmetric unit which are both in E-stereoisomers. In the crystal structure of the racemic compound, the most noticeable difference between these two molecules is the dihedral angle values between the phenyl rings: 61.61 (1)° and 60.96(1)°.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6878
Ayodeji-Fapohunda G. N., Ugwoha E., Nwaichi E. O.
An overview of the hazards and health effects associated with exposure to welding fumes is provided in this paper through adaptations from various sources. The growing concerns around welding and its attendant health effects are valid as welding fumes are inherently hazardous and are composed of particulate matter from condensed metals and obnoxious gases such as Ozone which have been implicated in the aetiology and pathophysiology of many diseases including cancer. Information currently available from various published study works is described in the review. In accordance with the bibliometric analysis, "The United States" ranks as the most prolific contributor, with a large collection of works from active organizations such as the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Additionally, author cooperation has increased recently and is more common in groups. Three hot themes in welding-related hazards and health effects—"human," "age," and "occupational exposure"—were identified across all keyword analyses. Furthermore, oxidative stress, occupational diseases, risk management, cohort studies, and air pollutants in welding were identified as new themes by the keywords analysis. To the extent that we are aware, this study is the first explicit bibliometric approach to visualize the research field of health and hazard impacts related to welding. It is helpful for locating hotspots in active research now and for speculating on prospective future research areas.
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on “Hazards and Health Effects Associated with Welding” From 2010 – 2023","authors":"Ayodeji-Fapohunda G. N., Ugwoha E., Nwaichi E. O.","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6878","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of the hazards and health effects associated with exposure to welding fumes is provided in this paper through adaptations from various sources. The growing concerns around welding and its attendant health effects are valid as welding fumes are inherently hazardous and are composed of particulate matter from condensed metals and obnoxious gases such as Ozone which have been implicated in the aetiology and pathophysiology of many diseases including cancer. Information currently available from various published study works is described in the review. In accordance with the bibliometric analysis, \"The United States\" ranks as the most prolific contributor, with a large collection of works from active organizations such as the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Additionally, author cooperation has increased recently and is more common in groups. Three hot themes in welding-related hazards and health effects—\"human,\" \"age,\" and \"occupational exposure\"—were identified across all keyword analyses. Furthermore, oxidative stress, occupational diseases, risk management, cohort studies, and air pollutants in welding were identified as new themes by the keywords analysis. To the extent that we are aware, this study is the first explicit bibliometric approach to visualize the research field of health and hazard impacts related to welding. It is helpful for locating hotspots in active research now and for speculating on prospective future research areas.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Located southwest of Lake Chad (Bol-Bagassola), the study area is characterized by a Sahelian-type climate underlain by more recent sedimentary cover. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the overall impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality in the polders (Bol and Bagassola), in order to gain a better understanding of agricultural pollution. To achieve this objective, a water sampling campaign was carried out to study hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry. As a result of this study, piezometric levels are not sufficiently heterogeneous. The pH is around neutral with an average of 7.68, and water temperatures vary between 25.3°C and 32.5°C. Conductivities ranged from 334µS/cm to 9800µS/cm, exceeding the maximum WHO/Chad standards limit of 2500µS/cm. Most of the variables (chemical parameters) are below the drinking water quality limits defined by WHO/Chad standards, with the exception of the open wells (P1, P2) at Malkoura, which show very high concentrations of potassium, sulfate, sodium, chloride, ammonium and magnesium, and the high iron signature observed in boreholes F9 and F12 at Talia. These variables (chemical parameters) enabled us to define the bicarbonate calcic and magnesian facies, followed by chloride sodium and potassium or sulfate sodium for the single F9 borehole at Malkoura. The predominance of bicarbonate facies can be explained by the dissolution of evaporites in the reservoir.
{"title":"Characterization of Groundwater Physico-chemical Parameters in Lake Chad Polders: The Case of the Bol-bagassola Polder","authors":"Mahamat Nour Abdallah, Touna Roger, Idriss Mahamat Yaya, Djoueingue Nguérassem, Dingamadji Mardochée, Abderamane Hamit","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6876","url":null,"abstract":"Located southwest of Lake Chad (Bol-Bagassola), the study area is characterized by a Sahelian-type climate underlain by more recent sedimentary cover. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the overall impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality in the polders (Bol and Bagassola), in order to gain a better understanding of agricultural pollution. To achieve this objective, a water sampling campaign was carried out to study hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry. As a result of this study, piezometric levels are not sufficiently heterogeneous. The pH is around neutral with an average of 7.68, and water temperatures vary between 25.3°C and 32.5°C. Conductivities ranged from 334µS/cm to 9800µS/cm, exceeding the maximum WHO/Chad standards limit of 2500µS/cm. Most of the variables (chemical parameters) are below the drinking water quality limits defined by WHO/Chad standards, with the exception of the open wells (P1, P2) at Malkoura, which show very high concentrations of potassium, sulfate, sodium, chloride, ammonium and magnesium, and the high iron signature observed in boreholes F9 and F12 at Talia. These variables (chemical parameters) enabled us to define the bicarbonate calcic and magnesian facies, followed by chloride sodium and potassium or sulfate sodium for the single F9 borehole at Malkoura. The predominance of bicarbonate facies can be explained by the dissolution of evaporites in the reservoir.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6875
B. Sultonov, E. S. Nozimov, D. S. Kholmatov
The manuscript provides the results of the process of obtaining activated phosphorus fertilizer (APF) by nitric acid processing of mineralized mass (MM) of phosphate waste, which formed during the sorting stage of thermal beneficiation of Central Kyzylkum (CK) phosphorites. For experiments was used MM with content 14.60% P2O5total(t.).; 3.07% P2O5acceptable by citric acid (ac.c.a.); 43.99% CaOt.; 1.01% MgO; 14.11% CO2; 1.04% Al2O3; 0.89% Fe2O3; 1.58% SO3; 1.30% F; 1.02% H2O; CaO:P2O5 – 3.01 and 10.82% insoluble residual. The optimal concentrations and norms of nitric acid have been determined. Phosphorus fertilizer suspensions were neutralized with Ca(OH)2 suspension in order to prevent P2O5 from passing into the solution. APF obtained in optimal parameters has the following composition (weight, %): 20.42-20.58 P2O5total(t.); 11.02-11.72 P2O5ac.c.a.; 38.87-39.01CaOt.; 23,39-24,48 CaO ac.c.a.. The degree of transition of P2O5 to liquid phase is 2.02-2.06%.
{"title":"Recycling of Local Phosphate Waste - mineralized Mass into Activated Phosphorus Fertilizers","authors":"B. Sultonov, E. S. Nozimov, D. S. Kholmatov","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6875","url":null,"abstract":"The manuscript provides the results of the process of obtaining activated phosphorus fertilizer (APF) by nitric acid processing of mineralized mass (MM) of phosphate waste, which formed during the sorting stage of thermal beneficiation of Central Kyzylkum (CK) phosphorites. For experiments was used MM with content 14.60% P2O5total(t.).; 3.07% P2O5acceptable by citric acid (ac.c.a.); 43.99% CaOt.; 1.01% MgO; 14.11% CO2; 1.04% Al2O3; 0.89% Fe2O3; 1.58% SO3; 1.30% F; 1.02% H2O; CaO:P2O5 – 3.01 and 10.82% insoluble residual. The optimal concentrations and norms of nitric acid have been determined. Phosphorus fertilizer suspensions were neutralized with Ca(OH)2 suspension in order to prevent P2O5 from passing into the solution. APF obtained in optimal parameters has the following composition (weight, %): 20.42-20.58 P2O5total(t.); 11.02-11.72 P2O5ac.c.a.; 38.87-39.01CaOt.; 23,39-24,48 CaO ac.c.a.. The degree of transition of P2O5 to liquid phase is 2.02-2.06%.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6874
Mboso I. Obodom, O. Abakedi, I. A. Akpan
Corrosion inhibition of Mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution by 1, 3, 5-trimethoxymethylbenzene (TMMB) isolated from seeds extract of Cola nitida was studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. TMMB was isolated from seeds of C. nitida by 72 hours maceration of the chopped seeds with dichloromethane. Filtered and concentrated extract was subjected to a combination of vacuum liquid, column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (+H-NMR), C13 – NMR and DEPT-135 NMR spectrophotmeters. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency recorded by the weight loss method increased with the increase in TMMB concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiencies recorded by the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods also increased with increase in the concentration of TMMB. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the corrosion inhibition process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements confirmed that TMMB worked as a mixed – type inhibitor considering the value of Ecorrbeing less than 85 mV. Impedance measurement revealed that the charge transfer resistance offered by TMMB to the migration of aggressive ions on the surface of mild steel in acidic solution was enough to impede corrosion. The best line of fit to the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface was found in Temkin isotherm. Formation of protective dense film on the steel surface in the presence of TMMB compared to the blank was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The molecular structure of TMMB was optimized using Gausian 09 with density functional theory [DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p)]. Physical adsorption has been proposed for the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface.
{"title":"Isolation, Characterisation and Corrosion Inhibition Evaluation of 1, 3, 5-Trimethoxymethyl benzene from Seeds Extract of Cola nitida on Mild Steel Surface in Hyhrochloric Acid Solution","authors":"Mboso I. Obodom, O. Abakedi, I. A. Akpan","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6874","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion inhibition of Mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution by 1, 3, 5-trimethoxymethylbenzene (TMMB) isolated from seeds extract of Cola nitida was studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. TMMB was isolated from seeds of C. nitida by 72 hours maceration of the chopped seeds with dichloromethane. Filtered and concentrated extract was subjected to a combination of vacuum liquid, column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (+H-NMR), C13 – NMR and DEPT-135 NMR spectrophotmeters. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency recorded by the weight loss method increased with the increase in TMMB concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiencies recorded by the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods also increased with increase in the concentration of TMMB. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the corrosion inhibition process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements confirmed that TMMB worked as a mixed – type inhibitor considering the value of Ecorrbeing less than 85 mV. Impedance measurement revealed that the charge transfer resistance offered by TMMB to the migration of aggressive ions on the surface of mild steel in acidic solution was enough to impede corrosion. The best line of fit to the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface was found in Temkin isotherm. Formation of protective dense film on the steel surface in the presence of TMMB compared to the blank was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The molecular structure of TMMB was optimized using Gausian 09 with density functional theory [DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p)]. Physical adsorption has been proposed for the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6873
J. Garai
The current consensus on the atomic structure was formulated about a hundred years ago. In the enlightenment of the newly developed instrumentations and theories the electronic structure of the atoms is reconsidered. It has been concluded that in order to comply with experiments the electron must go through phase transformation from point to surface charge when captured by the nucleus. The surface charge electron shell model of the atoms is consistent with all the known features of the atoms and offers a physical explanation for Schrodinger`s wave equation.
{"title":"Atomic Structure: Validation of the Electron Phase Transformation Theory","authors":"J. Garai","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6873","url":null,"abstract":"The current consensus on the atomic structure was formulated about a hundred years ago. In the enlightenment of the newly developed instrumentations and theories the electronic structure of the atoms is reconsidered. It has been concluded that in order to comply with experiments the electron must go through phase transformation from point to surface charge when captured by the nucleus. The surface charge electron shell model of the atoms is consistent with all the known features of the atoms and offers a physical explanation for Schrodinger`s wave equation.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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