Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0203049a
Irena Ashtalkoska, Savo Ashtalkoski, Saša Čekrlija
Performance management is significant for profit making and implementation of SMEs plans. Performance management approach is very important as a system for development of SMEs results, development of employee results in their work, and for aligning the management of SME and employee results. Managing performance is process for raising organizational results by improving the performance of employee and teams. It is a method of creating better performance from the enterprises, teams and employee by accepting and managing results in the frame of agreed objectives, plans, norms, required skills and competencies. The main purpose is to create a highperformance culture in which employee and teams take responsibility for the continuous increase of business processes and for employee skills and achievements within a framework implemented by effective leadership. Its key aim is to motivate employees on doing the right things by achieving clarity of purpose. The processes of managing performance consist of agreeing objectives and results improvement and individual development plans, implementing the activities needed to achieve the goals and plans, checking progress in achieving the goals and assessing progress and achievements so that action plans can be agreed and prepared. Managing performance is an important part of efficient human resource management which helps enterprises to understand the efficiency of the people who work in them. The outcome of the process of managing results is conditioned by the support and commitment of the SMEs management. Managing performance have to reward individual achievement and development. The process of managing results requires that enterprises management ensure that activities of individuals, deliverables and outcomes are aligned with the enterprises objectives and, consequentially, help the SMEs to achieve advantages that are more competitive. The improvement of results of small and medium enterprises is a crucial part of the process of managing performance. The purpose should be maximizing high performance. In this paper we elaborate the relationship between the process of managing performance and enterprises success in Macedonian SMEs. The sample consists 44 SMEs which take attention to this challenge. Dates in this research were collected with structured survey, and the outcomes were processed with analytical method - SPSS.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS OF SMEs","authors":"Irena Ashtalkoska, Savo Ashtalkoski, Saša Čekrlija","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203049a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203049a","url":null,"abstract":"Performance management is significant for profit making and implementation of SMEs plans. Performance management approach is very important as a system for development of SMEs results, development of employee results in their work, and for aligning the management of SME and employee results. Managing performance is process for raising organizational results by improving the performance of employee and teams. It is a method of creating better performance from the enterprises, teams and employee by accepting and managing results in the frame of agreed objectives, plans, norms, required skills and competencies. The main purpose is to create a highperformance culture in which employee and teams take responsibility for the continuous increase of business processes and for employee skills and achievements within a framework implemented by effective leadership. Its key aim is to motivate employees on doing the right things by achieving clarity of purpose. The processes of managing performance consist of agreeing objectives and results improvement and individual development plans, implementing the activities needed to achieve the goals and plans, checking progress in achieving the goals and assessing progress and achievements so that action plans can be agreed and prepared. Managing performance is an important part of efficient human resource management which helps enterprises to understand the efficiency of the people who work in them. The outcome of the process of managing results is conditioned by the support and commitment of the SMEs management. Managing performance have to reward individual achievement and development. The process of managing results requires that enterprises management ensure that activities of individuals, deliverables and outcomes are aligned with the enterprises objectives and, consequentially, help the SMEs to achieve advantages that are more competitive. The improvement of results of small and medium enterprises is a crucial part of the process of managing performance. The purpose should be maximizing high performance. In this paper we elaborate the relationship between the process of managing performance and enterprises success in Macedonian SMEs. The sample consists 44 SMEs which take attention to this challenge. Dates in this research were collected with structured survey, and the outcomes were processed with analytical method - SPSS.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135722682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0203035z
Ilija Životić, Darko Obradović
Democratic and civilian control of the security services is the foundation of a society’s democracy. The standard of living measured through the prism of GDP, the level of the unemployment rate, social and health care, and free education are mostly only apparent factors that mask some much more complex phenomena such as the entrapment of democracy if there is no civil and democratic control of the security services, which as will be shown in their work, they very often directly decide on life and death. This especially applies to countries with totalitarian regimes in which any oppositional opinion is sanctioned or, as in the case of Serbia after 2000, in countries where democracy is still young. National security and the security of every individual citizen can be seriously threatened in cases where there is no civilian and democratic control of the security services. The absence of this type of control results in uncontrolled, unconstitutional, and illegal behavior of members of the security services, which is often characterized by the belief that its members, while committing the most serious crimes, are actually protecting their country and order from destruction. This work aims to prove the hypothesis of the need for democratic and civilian control of the security services as the basis of government through a case study of the rebellion of the Special Operations Unit of the State Security Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia, as well as through the case of the murder of Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, for which members of the former security service were also legally convicted. rights in modern democratic societies.
{"title":"THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEMOCRATIC AND CIVIL CONTROL OF SECURITY SERVICES FOR THE AIM OF PREVENTING POLITICAL VIOLENCE - CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AFTER 2000","authors":"Ilija Životić, Darko Obradović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203035z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203035z","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic and civilian control of the security services is the foundation of a society’s democracy. The standard of living measured through the prism of GDP, the level of the unemployment rate, social and health care, and free education are mostly only apparent factors that mask some much more complex phenomena such as the entrapment of democracy if there is no civil and democratic control of the security services, which as will be shown in their work, they very often directly decide on life and death. This especially applies to countries with totalitarian regimes in which any oppositional opinion is sanctioned or, as in the case of Serbia after 2000, in countries where democracy is still young. National security and the security of every individual citizen can be seriously threatened in cases where there is no civilian and democratic control of the security services. The absence of this type of control results in uncontrolled, unconstitutional, and illegal behavior of members of the security services, which is often characterized by the belief that its members, while committing the most serious crimes, are actually protecting their country and order from destruction. This work aims to prove the hypothesis of the need for democratic and civilian control of the security services as the basis of government through a case study of the rebellion of the Special Operations Unit of the State Security Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia, as well as through the case of the murder of Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, for which members of the former security service were also legally convicted. rights in modern democratic societies.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0203085r
Imran A. Rašljanin
This comprehensive analysis explores the profound impact of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on the realm of global sports law. Against the backdrop of a remarkable increase in case procedures, this study highlights at least three pivotal functions of CAS. Firstly, CAS has introduced the application of general legal principles within sports institutions, leading to the formulation of the distinct “principia sportive,” which has bolstered legal certainty in the field. Secondly, CAS assumes a vital role in interpreting and implementing sports law, influencing the establishment of binding regulations within sports organizations. Thirdly, CAS’s superior status allows it to harmonize the global legal landscape by assuming jurisdiction over disputes involving sports bodies and federations.
{"title":"LEX SPORTIVA AND THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT","authors":"Imran A. Rašljanin","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203085r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203085r","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive analysis explores the profound impact of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on the realm of global sports law. Against the backdrop of a remarkable increase in case procedures, this study highlights at least three pivotal functions of CAS. Firstly, CAS has introduced the application of general legal principles within sports institutions, leading to the formulation of the distinct “principia sportive,” which has bolstered legal certainty in the field. Secondly, CAS assumes a vital role in interpreting and implementing sports law, influencing the establishment of binding regulations within sports organizations. Thirdly, CAS’s superior status allows it to harmonize the global legal landscape by assuming jurisdiction over disputes involving sports bodies and federations.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135721058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0203061z
Kristina Zogović
This comprehensive research delves deeply into the intricate web of variables that influence product sales performance within e-commerce. At the heart of our study lies a distinctive dataset meticulously curated from data.world.com, a repository that boasts a rich tapestry of 43 columns and 1,573 rows, each offering a snapshot into the diverse array of products available on the esteemed Wish.com platform. It is essential to underscore that this repository, in contrast to traditional datasets, not only comprises product listings but also intricately weaves in product ratings and sales performance metrics, thus conferring a singular perspective that ignites novel avenues for analysis. Our research journey unfurls as we deftly construct a predictive model that unveils the hidden tapestry of correlations and patterns beneath the surface of product success. With a deft interplay of categorical and continuous predictors, we undertake the task of untangling the intricate associations deeply embedded within the dataset’s fabric. Here, our ensemble of five categorical variables assumes center stage, each sentinel to fulfill specific prerequisites within a given record. This chorus of categorical variables harmonizes with six numerical features, their collective symphony orchestrated to predict, with remarkable precision, the number of units that will find eager homes. The orchestration of meaningful insights rests firmly in the capable hands of the R programming language, a formidable ally in our endeavor to analyze and assess our treasure trove of data meticulously. Our modeling odyssey reaches its zenith in forming a distilled iteration, where two categorical predictors, their symbiotic interaction, and two continuous predictors merge into a harmonious whole. With the scaffolding of linear regression, we erect a robust mathematical foundation that systematically explores the intricate dance between predictors and the response variable. A symphony of meticulous tests, encompassing individual t-tests and hypothesis evaluations, becomes the crucible in which we forge the significance of our predictors. In this crucible, we lay bare the undeniable sway of certain variables over product sales while others offer glimpses of more muted predictive power. Our discerning gaze extends to the determination of beta coefficients, confidence intervals, and the broader evaluation of model significance, each thread woven intricately into the fabric of our research narrative. In this journey, our scrutiny takes us through the labyrinthine alleys of an interaction term, and its role is dissected with utmost rigor through the prism of ANOVA and hypothesis testing. The mosaic of emerging statistical evidence compels us towards a reasonable simplification, a decision informed by the realization that its contribution to explanatory power is akin to a fleeting whisper. In summation, our study embarks on a voyage to demystify the intricate choreography that underpins e-commerce
{"title":"REVEALING HIDDEN TRENDS: INVESTIGATING PRODUCT SALES PATTERNS WITH CATEGORICAL AND CONTINUOUS PREDICTORS IN A DISTINCTIVE DATASET","authors":"Kristina Zogović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203061z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203061z","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive research delves deeply into the intricate web of variables that influence product sales performance within e-commerce. At the heart of our study lies a distinctive dataset meticulously curated from data.world.com, a repository that boasts a rich tapestry of 43 columns and 1,573 rows, each offering a snapshot into the diverse array of products available on the esteemed Wish.com platform. It is essential to underscore that this repository, in contrast to traditional datasets, not only comprises product listings but also intricately weaves in product ratings and sales performance metrics, thus conferring a singular perspective that ignites novel avenues for analysis. Our research journey unfurls as we deftly construct a predictive model that unveils the hidden tapestry of correlations and patterns beneath the surface of product success. With a deft interplay of categorical and continuous predictors, we undertake the task of untangling the intricate associations deeply embedded within the dataset’s fabric. Here, our ensemble of five categorical variables assumes center stage, each sentinel to fulfill specific prerequisites within a given record. This chorus of categorical variables harmonizes with six numerical features, their collective symphony orchestrated to predict, with remarkable precision, the number of units that will find eager homes. The orchestration of meaningful insights rests firmly in the capable hands of the R programming language, a formidable ally in our endeavor to analyze and assess our treasure trove of data meticulously. Our modeling odyssey reaches its zenith in forming a distilled iteration, where two categorical predictors, their symbiotic interaction, and two continuous predictors merge into a harmonious whole. With the scaffolding of linear regression, we erect a robust mathematical foundation that systematically explores the intricate dance between predictors and the response variable. A symphony of meticulous tests, encompassing individual t-tests and hypothesis evaluations, becomes the crucible in which we forge the significance of our predictors. In this crucible, we lay bare the undeniable sway of certain variables over product sales while others offer glimpses of more muted predictive power. Our discerning gaze extends to the determination of beta coefficients, confidence intervals, and the broader evaluation of model significance, each thread woven intricately into the fabric of our research narrative. In this journey, our scrutiny takes us through the labyrinthine alleys of an interaction term, and its role is dissected with utmost rigor through the prism of ANOVA and hypothesis testing. The mosaic of emerging statistical evidence compels us towards a reasonable simplification, a decision informed by the realization that its contribution to explanatory power is akin to a fleeting whisper. In summation, our study embarks on a voyage to demystify the intricate choreography that underpins e-commerce","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135721060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5862
Tabugbo Blessing Ifeyinwa, Matthew Onyema Agu, Vincent Nwalieji Okafor, Ikechukwu Emmanuel Mbam
The research was conducted to determine the presence and bioaccumulation pattern of some heavy metals in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from three fish ponds in Emene, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. Fish samples used for the analysis were collected during the dry season from Tollex, Sopulu and Nduka pond farms. The analysis of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), in C. gariepinus gills and muscles was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with concentrated HCl. Results of the analysis show that the investigated heavy metal in the fish samples from the ponds on the basis of their average concentration followed the order: Sopulu pond > Nduka pond > Tollex pond with highest concentration (7.427 ppm of Fe) found in the gill of fish from Sopulu fish pond and lowest concentration (0.013 ppm of Cd) in the muscle of fish from Tollex fish farm. The study has shown that there was a considerable amount of heavy metals in the muscle and gills of catfish from Tollex, Nduka and Sopulu fish farms.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Some Fish Ponds in Emene, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria","authors":"Tabugbo Blessing Ifeyinwa, Matthew Onyema Agu, Vincent Nwalieji Okafor, Ikechukwu Emmanuel Mbam","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5862","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted to determine the presence and bioaccumulation pattern of some heavy metals in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from three fish ponds in Emene, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. Fish samples used for the analysis were collected during the dry season from Tollex, Sopulu and Nduka pond farms. The analysis of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), in C. gariepinus gills and muscles was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with concentrated HCl. Results of the analysis show that the investigated heavy metal in the fish samples from the ponds on the basis of their average concentration followed the order: Sopulu pond > Nduka pond > Tollex pond with highest concentration (7.427 ppm of Fe) found in the gill of fish from Sopulu fish pond and lowest concentration (0.013 ppm of Cd) in the muscle of fish from Tollex fish farm. The study has shown that there was a considerable amount of heavy metals in the muscle and gills of catfish from Tollex, Nduka and Sopulu fish farms.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5861
Kevin Omondi Ondoo, Joel Klement Ogilo, Anam Ouma Onditi, Ali Mohammed Salim, Denis Magero, Antony M. S. Pembere
School playgrounds found in painted environments have become death chambers for millions of innocent children who unknowingly ingest toxic metals. The objective of this study is to determine the levels of the heavy metals in paint chips from painted interior walls and indoor dust samples from 14 selected nursery schools in Nairobi County. The paint chips and indoor dust samples collected were digested using the Environmental Protection Agency method SW846 3050B then analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in both the paint chip from interior walls and the indoor dust while Cadmium (Cd) had the lowest concentration followed by Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) respectively. 50% of the nursery schools had Lead (Pb) concentrations that exceeded the 90 µg/g limit set by KEBS. For Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr), the concentration in the nursery schools and the indoor dust was below the 200 µg/g used in Germany. Generally, the correlation between the various metal pairs for the samples analyzed showed a non-significant correlation with exception of Lead - Iron (Pb-Fe) and Chromium - Cadmium (Cr-Cd) for the indoor dust samples from pre-schools. The t-tests carried out show that levels of the heavy metals in the paint chip did not differ significantly with the levels in the indoor dust for nursery schools at 95% confidence level.
{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust and Interior Painted Walls of Nursery Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Kevin Omondi Ondoo, Joel Klement Ogilo, Anam Ouma Onditi, Ali Mohammed Salim, Denis Magero, Antony M. S. Pembere","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5861","url":null,"abstract":"School playgrounds found in painted environments have become death chambers for millions of innocent children who unknowingly ingest toxic metals. The objective of this study is to determine the levels of the heavy metals in paint chips from painted interior walls and indoor dust samples from 14 selected nursery schools in Nairobi County. The paint chips and indoor dust samples collected were digested using the Environmental Protection Agency method SW846 3050B then analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in both the paint chip from interior walls and the indoor dust while Cadmium (Cd) had the lowest concentration followed by Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) respectively. 50% of the nursery schools had Lead (Pb) concentrations that exceeded the 90 µg/g limit set by KEBS. For Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr), the concentration in the nursery schools and the indoor dust was below the 200 µg/g used in Germany. Generally, the correlation between the various metal pairs for the samples analyzed showed a non-significant correlation with exception of Lead - Iron (Pb-Fe) and Chromium - Cadmium (Cr-Cd) for the indoor dust samples from pre-schools. The t-tests carried out show that levels of the heavy metals in the paint chip did not differ significantly with the levels in the indoor dust for nursery schools at 95% confidence level.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5860
Adjoumani Yao Joseph, Abro Koutouan Désiré Martial, Gueu Soumahoro, Yao Kouassi Benjamin
This paper deals with the modeling and optimization of the simultaneous elimination of dihydrogen phosphate nitrate and cadmium ions in an aqueous solution using adsorption on a smectite clay. Pollutant concentration and retention time are the two parameters studied. The experimental domains investigated are respectively from 20 to 100 mg.L-1 and from 8 to 16 hours. The tests were conducted with 3g of clay in a 25 mL mixture solution at pH 5. This study has been carried out with Response Surface Methodology (RSM), using NEMROD software. A central composite Design (CCD) was used first to establish a mathematical model that governs the process. The use of Derringer’s overall function of desirability permitted to establish optimal conditions of adsorption. Thus, maximum abatement rates both for each ion have been obtained when the pollutant concentration was 43 mg.L-1 with an adsorption duration of 15 hours. The results of the purification rates were 30.6 %, 68.1 %, and 69.07 %, respectively for nitrate, dihydrogenophosphate, and cadmium ions. It is noticeable that clay can be used as an adsorbent for wastewater depollution from many pollutants at a time.
{"title":"Modelling and Optimization of Simultaneous Removal of Ions (H2PO4-, NO3- and Cd2+) by Adsorption on Clay in Aqueous Solution by Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Adjoumani Yao Joseph, Abro Koutouan Désiré Martial, Gueu Soumahoro, Yao Kouassi Benjamin","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5860","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the modeling and optimization of the simultaneous elimination of dihydrogen phosphate nitrate and cadmium ions in an aqueous solution using adsorption on a smectite clay. Pollutant concentration and retention time are the two parameters studied. The experimental domains investigated are respectively from 20 to 100 mg.L-1 and from 8 to 16 hours. The tests were conducted with 3g of clay in a 25 mL mixture solution at pH 5. This study has been carried out with Response Surface Methodology (RSM), using NEMROD software. A central composite Design (CCD) was used first to establish a mathematical model that governs the process. The use of Derringer’s overall function of desirability permitted to establish optimal conditions of adsorption. Thus, maximum abatement rates both for each ion have been obtained when the pollutant concentration was 43 mg.L-1 with an adsorption duration of 15 hours. The results of the purification rates were 30.6 %, 68.1 %, and 69.07 %, respectively for nitrate, dihydrogenophosphate, and cadmium ions. It is noticeable that clay can be used as an adsorbent for wastewater depollution from many pollutants at a time.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5859
Issa Samb, Mohamed Lamine Gaye
In the search for peptidomimetic structures capable of mimicking endogenous peptides, we have studied the reactivity of C=C double bonds of pyrimidino-pyranoside platform groups. The exploitation of this reactivity by ozonolysis and reductive amination reactions allowed us to develop a fast and efficient route for the introduction of amine function capable of mimicking bioactive peptides.
{"title":"Functionalization of C=C Double Bonds of Pyrimidino-pyranoside Platform Groups","authors":"Issa Samb, Mohamed Lamine Gaye","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5859","url":null,"abstract":"In the search for peptidomimetic structures capable of mimicking endogenous peptides, we have studied the reactivity of C=C double bonds of pyrimidino-pyranoside platform groups. The exploitation of this reactivity by ozonolysis and reductive amination reactions allowed us to develop a fast and efficient route for the introduction of amine function capable of mimicking bioactive peptides.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5858
Nkwenti Peter, Etame Loe Gisele Marie, J. Djopnang, N. Nga
Aims: To identify and detect heavy metals in incinerated bottom ash of Biomedical Solid Waste in selected healthcare facilities in Douala, Cameroon. Study Design: Cross-sectional fieldwork and laboratory based study design approach that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection methods Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Douala, Littoral region of Cameroon from the month of January 2023 to June 2023. Methodology: 5 grams of filtered incinerated bottom ash from BSW were collected from incinerators of the selected healthcare facilities using labeled plastic polyethylene containers and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were air dried and introduced on polypropylene film to the EDX 7000 spectrometer for sensitive analysis. Results: Both the quantitative and qualitative concentration percentage of the heavy metals detected from Na to Uranium in each HCF was determined by the EDX 7000 spectrometer device. Zinc had a significant concentration percentage in BDH (7.491±0.009333%), LH (4.255±0.009%), GH (7.506±0.013%), AHD (6,903±0.012%) and Iron had a significant concentration percentage in GOHD (3.669±0.013%). Conclusion: It is concluded that improper disposal of incinerated BA from incinerators may pollute the environment and water bodies through leaching into ground water or being carried into water bodies through runoffs, being inhaled in dust from the dump area, and bioaccumulating in plants and animals that stray to the dump site, potentially having a negative impact on the environment and health risks like cancer and respiratory illnesses. Some of the heavy elements found in bottom ash that had been burned during this investigation were above the USEPA-permitted limits. Assuring proper BA disposal through hygienic landfills may help reduce the amount of heavy metals and other toxic elements in the environment, hence safeguarding human health. To prevent additional environmental damage and human exposure to these elements, waste management practices must be improved through BA recycling. Additionally, it is advised that waste managers in the healthcare industry receive training in safe incinerator bottom ash handling and disposal techniques. Regulatory organizations should also oversee and implement policies for bottom ash management in neighborhood healthcare facilities. In Cameroon, a developing nation that must concentrate on environmental challenges that also benefit human health, this study is fundamentally significant. Sustainable prevention of waste and heavy metals in various HCFs will result from source segregation, knowledge of the problem, and safeguards taken at every stage of the waste cycle.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Identification and Detection in Incinerated Bottom Ash from Biomedical Solid Waste in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Douala, Cameroon","authors":"Nkwenti Peter, Etame Loe Gisele Marie, J. Djopnang, N. Nga","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5858","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To identify and detect heavy metals in incinerated bottom ash of Biomedical Solid Waste in selected healthcare facilities in Douala, Cameroon. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional fieldwork and laboratory based study design approach that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection methods \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Douala, Littoral region of Cameroon from the month of January 2023 to June 2023. \u0000Methodology: 5 grams of filtered incinerated bottom ash from BSW were collected from incinerators of the selected healthcare facilities using labeled plastic polyethylene containers and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were air dried and introduced on polypropylene film to the EDX 7000 spectrometer for sensitive analysis. \u0000Results: Both the quantitative and qualitative concentration percentage of the heavy metals detected from Na to Uranium in each HCF was determined by the EDX 7000 spectrometer device. Zinc had a significant concentration percentage in BDH (7.491±0.009333%), LH (4.255±0.009%), GH (7.506±0.013%), AHD (6,903±0.012%) and Iron had a significant concentration percentage in GOHD (3.669±0.013%). \u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that improper disposal of incinerated BA from incinerators may pollute the environment and water bodies through leaching into ground water or being carried into water bodies through runoffs, being inhaled in dust from the dump area, and bioaccumulating in plants and animals that stray to the dump site, potentially having a negative impact on the environment and health risks like cancer and respiratory illnesses. Some of the heavy elements found in bottom ash that had been burned during this investigation were above the USEPA-permitted limits. Assuring proper BA disposal through hygienic landfills may help reduce the amount of heavy metals and other toxic elements in the environment, hence safeguarding human health. To prevent additional environmental damage and human exposure to these elements, waste management practices must be improved through BA recycling. Additionally, it is advised that waste managers in the healthcare industry receive training in safe incinerator bottom ash handling and disposal techniques. Regulatory organizations should also oversee and implement policies for bottom ash management in neighborhood healthcare facilities. In Cameroon, a developing nation that must concentrate on environmental challenges that also benefit human health, this study is fundamentally significant. Sustainable prevention of waste and heavy metals in various HCFs will result from source segregation, knowledge of the problem, and safeguards taken at every stage of the waste cycle.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91239751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5857
N. O. Sam-Uket, Ayim, Elvis Monfung, Ameh Samuel Monday, Isah Muhammed Haruna
The contamination of groundwater from the infiltration of leachates into aquifers and health risks on residents drinking from boreholes around dumpsites informed this study on the levels of heavy metals in the boreholes around the University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) dumpsite. Borehole water samples were aseptically collected from 3 boreholes at 50, 80, and 200 meters respectively from the dumpsite into a one-liter sampling bottle and preserved in an ice chest. The samples were then analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The values obtained were compared with WHO permissible standards for drinking water. The mean concentrations of Pb (0.614 ± 0.008), Cd (0.399 ± 0.053), As (0.023 ± 0.002), and Co (0.002 ± 0.001 mg/l) in the borehole water were significantly higher than WHO permissible limits, while the concentrations of Cr (0.002 ± 0.001) and Ni (0.056 ± 0.004) were significantly lower than the WHO permissible limits. The increasing trend of heavy metals in the borehole water was Cr = Co < As < Ni < Cd
渗滤液渗入含水层对地下水的污染以及从垃圾场周围钻孔饮水的居民的健康风险为本研究提供了关于克罗斯河州立大学(UNICROSS)垃圾场周围钻孔重金属水平的信息。分别在距垃圾场50米、80米和200米的3个钻孔中无菌采集钻孔水样，装入1升取样瓶，保存在冰柜中。然后用原子吸收分光光度计对样品进行重金属分析。将所得值与世卫组织饮用水允许标准进行比较。井水中Pb(0.614±0.008)、Cd(0.399±0.053)、As(0.023±0.002)、Co(0.002±0.001 mg/l)的平均浓度均显著高于WHO允许限值，Cr(0.002±0.001)、Ni(0.056±0.004)的平均浓度均显著低于WHO允许限值。井水重金属含量的增加趋势为Cr = Co < As < Ni < Cd
{"title":"Determination of the Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Borehole Water near Refuse Dump Sites around the University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"N. O. Sam-Uket, Ayim, Elvis Monfung, Ameh Samuel Monday, Isah Muhammed Haruna","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i5857","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of groundwater from the infiltration of leachates into aquifers and health risks on residents drinking from boreholes around dumpsites informed this study on the levels of heavy metals in the boreholes around the University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) dumpsite. Borehole water samples were aseptically collected from 3 boreholes at 50, 80, and 200 meters respectively from the dumpsite into a one-liter sampling bottle and preserved in an ice chest. The samples were then analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The values obtained were compared with WHO permissible standards for drinking water. The mean concentrations of Pb (0.614 ± 0.008), Cd (0.399 ± 0.053), As (0.023 ± 0.002), and Co (0.002 ± 0.001 mg/l) in the borehole water were significantly higher than WHO permissible limits, while the concentrations of Cr (0.002 ± 0.001) and Ni (0.056 ± 0.004) were significantly lower than the WHO permissible limits. The increasing trend of heavy metals in the borehole water was Cr = Co < As < Ni < Cd <Pb. Due to the health risks associated with drinking water contaminated with heavy metals, we recommend that Government should relocate the dumpsite far away from its current location.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90105625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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