Chemical Science International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Ammonized Superphosphate and Liquid Nitrogen-Phosphorus Fertilizer Based on the Decomposition of Washed Dryed Concentrate with a Mixture of Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acids","authors":"D. M. Kosimov, A. A. Rasulov, S. Namazov, A. Seitnazarov, B. Sultonov","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6872","url":null,"abstract":"The process of obtaining ammoniated superphosphate and liquid NP-fertilizer by phosphorus-sulphuric acid processing of washed and burned phosphorus concentrate (WBPC) in one cycle were studied. It has been established that at ratios of 100 : 5÷10 : 15 the compositions of ammoniated superphosphate samples are characterized as follows (wt., %): Р2О5total(t.). - 20.60-24.85; Р2О5free - absent; Р2О5acceptable by citric acid(ac.c.a.):Р2О5t. = 91.03-100; Р2О5water.solubility(w.s.). : Р2О5t. = 78.87-96.86; N - 4.20-4.79; pH - 2.95-3.17. The product is mainly from calcium sulfate di- and hemihydrate, mono-ammonium phosphate, mono- and dicalcium phosphate, quartz and activated fluorocarbonate apatite. A liquid NP fertilizer consists of 3.22-4.49% N, 16.92-17.75% P2O5, 2.18-2.86% CaO, 0.09-0.19% MgO, 0.5 -0.6% SO3, 0.10-0.11% Fe2O3, 0.003-0.007% Al2O3, while Р2О5ac.c.a.:Р2О5t. = 97.75-100% and Р2О5w.s.: Р2О5t. = 96.93-100%. The material balance of obtaining ammoniated superphosphate and liquid NP-fertilizer in one cycle is calculated. It has been shown that the ammonization of phosphorus-sulfuric acid phosphate pulp results in the maximum precipitation of insoluble components in the form of complex salts, which ensures the production of a purified liquid complex fertilizer for drip irrigation.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters Monitoring During Bioremediation of Soils Polluted by Hydrocarbons in Brazzaville (Congo)","authors":"Gabriel Judicael Okeni-Boba, K. Mbemba, Jean Maurille Ouamba","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6871","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to treat soils polluted by hydrocarbons using the bioremediation technique. Soils samples were taken from four (04) garages chosen in some districts of Brazzaville, namely Ouenzé, Mfilou, Djiri and Talangai. Four treatments were carried out for bioremediation treatment while monitoring physicochemical parameters by bioaugmentation, biostimulation and mixture of bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Several physicochemical parameters were monitored during the different treatments: The ranges of physicochemical parameters values are respectively between 23.3 and 28.4°C for temperature, between 38,6 and 5266,01µS/cm for conductivity, between 6.01 and 7,5 for pH,  between 0 and 70% for the maximum water retention capacity, between 1 and 10% for humidity, between 0 and 88 mg/Kg for nitrogen and between 0 and 298.93 mg/Kg for potassium. The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations in polluted soils decreased significantly throughout the treatments with a drop between 25% and 85%. The greatest drop (75%-85%) in hydrocarbon concentrations is observed for Bioaugmentation (Bacteria) and Biostimulation+Bioaugmentation (NPK+Bacteria) combination treatments. Thus, bioremediation by adding Bacillus genus bacteria would be an alternative way for the depollution of soils polluted by hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ideal Gas Indeed Does Work in Expansion into Vacuum","authors":"Igor A. Stepanov","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6870","url":null,"abstract":"Basic thermodynamics is able to treat an actual (non-equilibrium) process as well as the corresponding equilibrium process. An example of such a pair of processes is familiar to every chemical engineer; namely, (Joule) free expansion of a gas and the corresponding equilibrium expansion [1]. Formerly, we thought that an ideal gas does no work in expansion into vacuum. It is shown that such a gas does work. This result is confirmed by experiments.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with N'-( phenyl ( pyridin-2-yl)methylene)Nicotinohydrazide","authors":"Ndèye Fatou Ndiaye, Fatou Diouf, A. Gueye, F. Tamboura, M. Dieng, Sofia Zazouli, N. Gruber, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6869","url":null,"abstract":"The Schiff base (HL), derived from 2-benzoylpyridine and nicotinic hydrazide, and its complexes with some metal transition (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) have been synthesized. These compounds have been characterized by means of elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR (for HL), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, molar conductance and room temperature magnetic measurements. The compounds are found isostructural and are formulated as {[Co(L)2].2H2O} (1), {[Ni(L)2].2H2O} (2). {[Cu(L)2].3H2O} (3). {[Zn(L)2].H2O} (4). The two ligand molecules act in their monodeprotonated forms through one azomethine nitrogen atom, one pyridine nitrogen atom and one iminolate oxygen atom yielding six coordinate metal center. The complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with cell parameters of a = 9.3429(8) A, b = 10.3034(9) A, c = 16.6349(14) A, β = 101.109(4)°, V = 1571.3(2) A3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.027, wR2 = 0.074. The zinc atom is six-coordinated, and the coordination polyhedron is best described as a distorted octahedral geometry. The aromatic rings of the ligand molecules are twisted each other with dihedral angle values in the range 10.168(2)°–74.430(1)°.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing Biological and Chemical Strategies for Hazardous Chemical Detoxification: An Integrative Review","authors":"L. O. Ajala, Cynthia Chioma Anyiam, Chukwudum Albert Anyiam","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6868","url":null,"abstract":"The management and mitigation of hazardous chemicals pose significant challenges to environmental and human health. This comprehensive review critically examines the efficacy of biological and chemical methods for the detoxification of hazardous chemicals. Hazardous chemicals, ranging from organic pollutants to heavy metals, often contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to adverse ecological and health impacts. Traditional chemical-based approaches have limitations, such as secondary pollutant generation and high operational costs. In contrast, biological methods harness the metabolic activities of microorganisms, plants, and enzymes to transform or degrade hazardous compounds. This review evaluates the performance of biological systems, including bioremediation, phytoremediation, and enzyme-based approaches, in detoxifying various classes of hazardous chemicals. Additionally, chemical methods, such as advanced oxidation processes, redox reactions, and adsorption, are scrutinized for their efficiency in chemical degradation and transformation. The comparative analysis considers factors like effectiveness, cost, environmental impact, and applicability to different chemical classes. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these detoxification approaches is essential for informed decision-making in environmental remediation and industrial processes. This review offers valuable insights into the selection of appropriate detoxification methods, based on the nature of the hazardous chemicals and the desired environmental and economic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Polyphenols and Flavonoids and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extraction from the Leaves, Seeds, Stems and Roots of Cassia occidentalis","authors":"Mame Saliou Ndior, Abdou Khadre Diouf, Ibrahima Diallo, Aïssatou Alioune Gaye, Mouhamadou Fofana, Bédié Mbow, Alioune Diouf, Cheikh Sall, Aboubacary Sene","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6867","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we studied four organs of Cassia occidentalis namely leaves, seeds, stems and roots. Cassia occidentalis is a plant used in traditional Senegalese medicine to treat several pathologies including asthma, malaria, high blood pressure, bronchitis, anemia, stubborn stomach aches, etc. This study focuses on the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. This study focuses on the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids of different organ extracts (leaves, seeds, stems and roots) of Cassia occidentalis and the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. Total polyphenols are assayed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoids using aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant activity of the extracts is evaluated by the DPPH method using TROLOX as reference antioxidant. The results of this study show that leaves and roots are the richest organs in polyphenols with contents ranging from 0.4941 ± 0.0633 mg EAG/g to 11.5114 ± 0.0791 mg EAG/g for leaves and 0.1235 ± 0.0220 mg EAG/g to 4.1968 ± 0.0481 mg EAG/g for roots. These same organs are richer in flavonoids with contents ranging from 1.6645 ± 0.0215 mg EQ/g to 7.2215 ± 0.1728 mg EQ/g for the leaves and 0.0813 ± 0.0022 mg EQ/ g to ​​3.4839 ± 0.0538 mg EQ/g for roots. These contents are higher in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Total antioxidant capacities are significantly correlated with polyphenol and flavonoid contents. This is because the leaves and roots have more antioxidants that can react with the DPPH radical. This quantity is more noted in the methanolic extracts (14.1502 ± 0.3781 mg ETr/g for the leaves and 7.7042 ± 0.0619 mg ETr/g for the roots). Only the methanolic extracts show remarkable antiradical activities with IC50 values ​​of 0.2409 ± 0.0006 mg/mL for the leaves and 0.1415 ± 0.0005 mg/mL for the roots. IC50 values for other extracts are not available, due to the low total antioxidant capacity. In short, the methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves therefore have an appreciable antioxidant power. This antioxidant power is more significant at the level of the methanolic root extract with the lowest IC50 value. This would justify the use of Cassia occidentalis in traditional Senegalese medicine to fight against several pathologies. This plant would therefore be a good source of natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of the Redox Reactions of Potassium Trisoxalatoferrate(III) with Perchlorate Ion in Acidic Medium: A Kinetic Approach","authors":"None Ogori, B. O., None Lohdip, Y. N., None Gongden, J. J., None Apagu, N. T.","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6866","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the redox reactions of potassium trisoxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate with perchlorate ion in acid medium. The stoichiometry of the reaction determined by the mole ratio method were observed to be 1:2. The rate of the reaction showed two parallel pathways. The kinetic results showed first order dependence with respect to both oxidant and reductant concentrations and the experimental data are consistent with the rate law: (frac{-dleft[mathrm{Fe}left(mathrm{C}_2 mathrm{O}_4right)_3{ }^{{ }^{3-}}right]}{d t}=left{a+bleft[mathrm{H}^{+}right]right}left[mathrm{Fe}left(mathrm{C}_2 mathrm{O}_4right)_3{ }^{3-}right]left[mathrm{ClO}_4^{-}right])where (mathrm{a}=0.07 mathrm{~s}^{-1}) and (mathrm{b}=0.74 mathrm{dm}^6 mathrm{~mol}^{-2}). The effect of added species (Zn2+, Mg2+ CH3COO-, I-, and NO3-) on the rates of the reaction and other kinetic evidence suggest that the reactions occurred by the outer-sphere mechanism. The findings from the study has established baseline kinetic data for the redox reaction of potassium trisoxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate with ClO4- and plausible mechanisms have also been proposed for the reaction system.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation and Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Activities of Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine in Northern Ivory Coast","authors":"Ouattara Logopho Hyacinthe, Yoro Thierry Dezay, Bamba Souleymane, Mouho Guéi Didier Roselin, Patrick Audrey N’guessan, Yao Jean landry Koffi, Sigata Yéo, Doumadé Zon, Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i6865","url":null,"abstract":"Anogeissus leiocarpus is a medicinal plant from Ivory Coast. It would be traditionally used to treat several pathologies. The aim of this study was to confirm or refute the use of both leaves and stem bark in the prevention or treatment of diseases linked to oxidative stress. Phytochemical sorting in these two organs of Anogeissus leiocarpus showed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, phenolic acids, sterols and terpenes. The radical DPPH scavenging activity was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by thin layer chromatographic (TLC) and spectroscopic methods, respectively. Quantitative analysis by spectrophotometry showed that the antioxidant power of the stem bark is slightly higher than leaves. These organs could therefore be used as good antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of diseases linked to oxidative stress. However, works on safeness should contribute to the valorisation of these materials for giving in use as herbal drug accessible to all social classes.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SENSE OF ALIENATION IN THE NEW LAND: A PALE VIEW OF THE HILLS","authors":"Anita Dimitrijovska-Jankulovska","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203069d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203069d","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key postcolonial themes in the novel is the struggle for identity. Etsuko, the main character, is a Japanese woman who has been living in England for many years. She is caught between two cultures and struggles to reconcile her Japanese heritage with her British identity. Her daughter Niki, on the other hand, is a second-generation immigrant who grew up in England and feels disconnected from her Japanese heritage. Through their stories, Ishiguro explores the complexities of identity and the challenges faced by individuals belonging to multiple cultures. Through their stories, Ishiguro explores the complexities of identity and the challenges faced by individuals belonging to multiple cultures. The novel A Pale View of the Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro explores themes of hybridity and Otherness through the lens of the main character, Etsuko. Hybridity refers to the mixing of different cultures and identities, while otherness refers to the experience of being perceived as different or foreign. Kazuo Ishiguro’s work can indeed be seen as representative of a cosmopolitan writer who navigates global themes and perspectives. As a writer who was born in Japan, raised in England, and has lived in various countries, Ishiguro’s experiences and background greatly inform his writing. One way in which Ishiguro embodies cosmopolitanism is through his exploration of universal themes that transcend national and cultural boundaries. His novels often delve into themes such as memory, identity, and the human condition, which resonate with readers from different cultural backgrounds. For example, in his acclaimed novel “A Pale View of the Hills,” Ishiguro raises ethical questions about cloning and the consequences of scientific advancements, which are relevant to a global audience. Furthermore, Ishiguro’s characters often embody a sense of displacement or cultural hybridity, reflecting his own experiences as a global citizen.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135721057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONVENTIONAL AND MODERN WARFARE: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Mahmuluddin Mahmuluddin","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0203029m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203029m","url":null,"abstract":"In the pursuit of a peaceful and secure life, human beings strive to avoid the threat of danger. However, the reality is often marred by disputes, with war being a significant factor that disrupts peace. This paper delves into the distinctions between old and modern models of warfare. Employing a qualitative approach, the study explores relevant literature written by experts on the subject. The research findings reveal compelling differences between old and new wars in terms of their objectives, methods of warfare, and financial backing. Historically, old wars predominantly involved state-to-state conflicts, with state financiers playing a dominant role. In contrast, modern wars encompass diverse players and garner financial support from global sources. Furthermore, new and old wars differ in their target victims, motives, and approaches. These disparities necessitate a corresponding shift in the way these conflicts are addressed and resolved by negotiators worldwide. Understanding the complexities and nuances of modern warfare is crucial to fostering effective strategies for peace building and conflict resolution on a global scale. By examining the transformation of warfare over time, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of contemporary security challenges and the importance of adapting conflict management approaches accordingly.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135721221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}