Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2845
Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, D. Sponza
In this study, Copper oxide/zirconium dioxide (CuO/ZrO2) nanocomposites (NCs) as a photocatalys was examined during photocatalytic degradation process (PDP) in the efficient removal of Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) from pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PI ww) plant, İzmir, Turkey. Different pH values (3.0, 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0), increasing SMM concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/l), increasing CuO/ZrO2 NCs concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg/l), different CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/3, 3/2, 2/1), increasing recycle times (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. and 7.) was operated during PDP in the efficient removal of SMM in PI ww. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed using XRD, DRS, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM and XPS analyses, respectively. The acute toxicity assays were operated with Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri also called Vibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests. The photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of CuO/ZrO2 NCs and the reaction kinetics of SMM were evaluated in PI ww during PDP. Cost analysis was evaluated for SMM removal with CuO/ZrO2 NCs by PDP in PI ww. ANOVA statistical analysis was used for all experimental samples. Maximum 99.6% SMM removal was obtained during PDP in PI ww, at 350 W UV-vis light irradiation power, at 147 mW/cm2 light intensity, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.2% SMM removal was found with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM removal was measured to 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.4% SMM removal was measured at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM recovery was measured in PI ww during PDP, after 1. recycle time, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass rartio, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. 97.31% maximum Microtox acute toxicity removal was found in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC. It was observed an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Microtox after 180 min, and at 60oC. 93.27% maximum Daphnia magna acute toxicity removal was obtained in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC, respectively. It was obtained an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Daphnia magna after 180 min and at 60oC. As a result, the CuO/ZrO2 NCs during PDP in PI ww was stable in harsh environments such as acidic, alkaline, saline and then was still effective process. Finally, the combination of a simple, easy operation preparation process, excellent performance and cost effective, makes this CuO/ZrO2 NCs a promising option during PDP in PI ww treatment.
{"title":"The Removal of Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) with Copper Oxide/Zirconium Dioxide (CuO/ZrO2) Nanocomposites by Photocatalytic Degradation in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewaters and the Evaluation of Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna Acute Toxicity Assays","authors":"Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, D. Sponza","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2845","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Copper oxide/zirconium dioxide (CuO/ZrO2) nanocomposites (NCs) as a photocatalys was examined during photocatalytic degradation process (PDP) in the efficient removal of Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) from pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PI ww) plant, İzmir, Turkey. Different pH values (3.0, 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0), increasing SMM concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/l), increasing CuO/ZrO2 NCs concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg/l), different CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/3, 3/2, 2/1), increasing recycle times (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. and 7.) was operated during PDP in the efficient removal of SMM in PI ww. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed using XRD, DRS, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM and XPS analyses, respectively. The acute toxicity assays were operated with Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri also called Vibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests. The photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of CuO/ZrO2 NCs and the reaction kinetics of SMM were evaluated in PI ww during PDP. Cost analysis was evaluated for SMM removal with CuO/ZrO2 NCs by PDP in PI ww. ANOVA statistical analysis was used for all experimental samples. Maximum 99.6% SMM removal was obtained during PDP in PI ww, at 350 W UV-vis light irradiation power, at 147 mW/cm2 light intensity, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.2% SMM removal was found with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM removal was measured to 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.4% SMM removal was measured at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM recovery was measured in PI ww during PDP, after 1. recycle time, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass rartio, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. 97.31% maximum Microtox acute toxicity removal was found in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC. It was observed an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Microtox after 180 min, and at 60oC. 93.27% maximum Daphnia magna acute toxicity removal was obtained in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC, respectively. It was obtained an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Daphnia magna after 180 min and at 60oC. As a result, the CuO/ZrO2 NCs during PDP in PI ww was stable in harsh environments such as acidic, alkaline, saline and then was still effective process. Finally, the combination of a simple, easy operation preparation process, excellent performance and cost effective, makes this CuO/ZrO2 NCs a promising option during PDP in PI ww treatment.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90270060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2844
B. Sultonov, A. A. Nodirov, D. S. Xolmatov
In this article, processes of washing phosphogypsum with water, that formed during obtaining extractive phosphoric acid, by clinker method, from ordinary phosphorite powder (OPP) that is a raw material of Central Kyzylkum were studied. The phosphogypsum formed by washing a sample of phosphogypsum formed in 103% concentration of sulfuric acid without mixing with water, that obtained in the ratio OPP:H2O=1,0:2,5 was found to contain 2,55% P2O5, 29,90% CaO and 42,45% SO3. The acceptable sizes of washing the same phosphogypsum sample have been determined, mixing in different amounts of hot water. Phosphogypsum obtained in acceptable sizes contains 0,75% P2O5, 30,51% CaO and 43,58% SO3. When washing phosphogypsum samples with water, it saves 2.5 times the amount of water and causes to reduce the amount of P2O5 in its composition by at least 3 times. The amount of CaSO4 in the received phosphogypsum sample is increased from 79 to 86%. The samples of phosphogypsum formed without mixing with water and mixing with water were analyzed by X-ray phase analysis and their mutual salt contents were compared.
{"title":"Research of the Composition of Phosphogypsum Produced During the Extracting of Phosphoric Acid from Ordinary Phosphorite Powder by the Clinker Method","authors":"B. Sultonov, A. A. Nodirov, D. S. Xolmatov","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2844","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, processes of washing phosphogypsum with water, that formed during obtaining extractive phosphoric acid, by clinker method, from ordinary phosphorite powder (OPP) that is a raw material of Central Kyzylkum were studied. The phosphogypsum formed by washing a sample of phosphogypsum formed in 103% concentration of sulfuric acid without mixing with water, that obtained in the ratio OPP:H2O=1,0:2,5 was found to contain 2,55% P2O5, 29,90% CaO and 42,45% SO3. The acceptable sizes of washing the same phosphogypsum sample have been determined, mixing in different amounts of hot water. Phosphogypsum obtained in acceptable sizes contains 0,75% P2O5, 30,51% CaO and 43,58% SO3. When washing phosphogypsum samples with water, it saves 2.5 times the amount of water and causes to reduce the amount of P2O5 in its composition by at least 3 times. The amount of CaSO4 in the received phosphogypsum sample is increased from 79 to 86%. The samples of phosphogypsum formed without mixing with water and mixing with water were analyzed by X-ray phase analysis and their mutual salt contents were compared.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86280099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020137d
Elisaveta Danailova Petrova-Geretto, A. Yanakieva, Aleksandrina Vodenicharova
Health Literacy Survey -2019 (HLS19) undertook a two-year extensive comparative survey in 17 European countries whose results demonstrated that while health literacy levels have risen, there is vast room for improvement. 36% of the Bulgarian population has poor or unsatisfactory level of health literacy (very difficult/ difficult range answers). This means that more than a 1/3 of Bulgarian citizens are facing hurdles when presented with health or healthcare related issues to deal with which inexorably affects their quality of life and potential. To society this means that there is a measurable inequality between those with high and low health literacy that is evidenced by social gradient. Thus, low health literacy has direct effect on perpetuating health inequalities which in turn affects social justice and attainment of human development and flourishing. HL is closely associated with social determinants of health and poor health/ outcomes due to low literacy is as an injustice that needs to be addressed systematically from broad policy perspective. It is an injustice as studies demonstrate that HL is a modifiable factor that has a direct positive effect on improving well-being, reducing absenteeism, and triggering economic and social progress. The purpose of the project is to analyze available literature, draft and test questionnaires, analyze results in order to gain better understanding of the health literacy needs of Bulgarian population and to better inform public health policies and implement targeted evidence based interventions. Improved health literacy will lead to more effective and efficient healthcare utilization contributing to better patient outcome and optimal use of health and medical resources. In fact, the WHO Shanghai Declaration (2016) declared health literacy a critical determinant of health and established the direct link between adequate health literacy and achievement of Sustainable development goals.
{"title":"HEALTH LITERACY: A CALL FOR ACTION FOR A JUST AND EGALITARIAN SOCIETY","authors":"Elisaveta Danailova Petrova-Geretto, A. Yanakieva, Aleksandrina Vodenicharova","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020137d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020137d","url":null,"abstract":"Health Literacy Survey -2019 (HLS19) undertook a two-year extensive comparative survey in 17 European countries whose results demonstrated that while health literacy levels have risen, there is vast room for improvement. 36% of the Bulgarian population has poor or unsatisfactory level of health literacy (very difficult/ difficult range answers). This means that more than a 1/3 of Bulgarian citizens are facing hurdles when presented with health or healthcare related issues to deal with which inexorably affects their quality of life and potential. To society this means that there is a measurable inequality between those with high and low health literacy that is evidenced by social gradient. Thus, low health literacy has direct effect on perpetuating health inequalities which in turn affects social justice and attainment of human development and flourishing. HL is closely associated with social determinants of health and poor health/ outcomes due to low literacy is as an injustice that needs to be addressed systematically from broad policy perspective. It is an injustice as studies demonstrate that HL is a modifiable factor that has a direct positive effect on improving well-being, reducing absenteeism, and triggering economic and social progress. The purpose of the project is to analyze available literature, draft and test questionnaires, analyze results in order to gain better understanding of the health literacy needs of Bulgarian population and to better inform public health policies and implement targeted evidence based interventions. Improved health literacy will lead to more effective and efficient healthcare utilization contributing to better patient outcome and optimal use of health and medical resources. In fact, the WHO Shanghai Declaration (2016) declared health literacy a critical determinant of health and established the direct link between adequate health literacy and achievement of Sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77281668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020141d
Milica Denkovska, Anita Dimitrijovska-Jankulovska
There is no extensive secondary literature on travel guides, despite their popularity among readers and their status as one of the best-selling genres in bookstores. The medium was more thoroughly researched in the disciplines of geography, tourism and folklore, especially in the late 1980s and 1990s, although different aspects and points were deepened depending on the discipline and thus a “compact field of reliable knowledge and theories” could not be developed. (Wicke 2011: 22). Buhl (2020: 39) concludes that travel guide research is primarily concerned with the historical change in the genre from its emergence to the 20th century or attempts to create a typology of this broad, diverse genre. However, for the purpose of this research, of particular interest are the publications that refer to the ways in which the target countries are presented from an intercultural perspective; still, the number of these studies has remained insignificant to this day. The most recent and very comprehensive study comes from Gesa Wicke (2011), who fills the research gap with her study of the staging of foreignness in tourist guides to Sicily. The subject of analysis based on available research for the medium travel guide will be the travel guide form Philine von Oppeln “Nordmazedonien. Mit Skopje, Ohridsee und allen Nationalparks” (2020).
尽管旅游指南在读者中很受欢迎，并且是书店中最畅销的书籍之一，但关于旅游指南的二手文献并不多见。特别是在20世纪80年代末和90年代，地理、旅游和民俗等学科对媒介进行了更深入的研究，尽管不同学科加深了不同的方面和观点，因此无法形成一个“紧凑的可靠知识和理论领域”。(Wicke 2011: 22)。Buhl(2020: 39)得出的结论是，旅游指南研究主要关注的是该类型从出现到20世纪的历史变化，或者试图为这一广泛而多样的类型创造一种类型。然而，为了本研究的目的，特别令人感兴趣的是从跨文化角度介绍目标国家的方式的出版物;然而，直到今天，这些研究的数量仍然微不足道。最近的一项非常全面的研究来自Gesa Wicke(2011)，她对西西里岛旅游指南中外国人的分期进行了研究，填补了研究空白。本文的分析对象是Philine von Oppeln的《Nordmazedonien》。米斯科普里，Ohridsee和allen国家公园”(2020)。
{"title":"THE MEDIUM TRAVEL GUIDE: SOME ASPECTS OF IT’S STRATEGIES AND GOALS","authors":"Milica Denkovska, Anita Dimitrijovska-Jankulovska","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020141d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020141d","url":null,"abstract":"There is no extensive secondary literature on travel guides, despite their popularity among readers and their status as one of the best-selling genres in bookstores. The medium was more thoroughly researched in the disciplines of geography, tourism and folklore, especially in the late 1980s and 1990s, although different aspects and points were deepened depending on the discipline and thus a “compact field of reliable knowledge and theories” could not be developed. (Wicke 2011: 22). Buhl (2020: 39) concludes that travel guide research is primarily concerned with the historical change in the genre from its emergence to the 20th century or attempts to create a typology of this broad, diverse genre. However, for the purpose of this research, of particular interest are the publications that refer to the ways in which the target countries are presented from an intercultural perspective; still, the number of these studies has remained insignificant to this day. The most recent and very comprehensive study comes from Gesa Wicke (2011), who fills the research gap with her study of the staging of foreignness in tourist guides to Sicily. The subject of analysis based on available research for the medium travel guide will be the travel guide form Philine von Oppeln “Nordmazedonien. Mit Skopje, Ohridsee und allen Nationalparks” (2020).","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82371797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2843
Chimezie P. Ozoemena, E. Boekom, Inemesit, I. Akpan
Schiff bases (SBL1 and SBL2), non-toxic compounds were synthesized, characterized and investigated as alternative anticorrosive additives for inhibition of mild steel corrosion in I M HCl acid medium. Corrosion of the steel was monitored by Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Weight Loss (WL) techniques. The novel Schiff base ligands obtained were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The elemental analysis data for the Schiff base ligands were used to confirm the formula of SBL1 as C17H20N2O2 and SBL2 as C24H21N5O2. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy suggest that the formation of a complex film on the mild steel surface was due to the adsorption of SBL1 and SBL2. The adsorption process was spontaneous and consistent with the mechanism of physical adsorption as best approximated by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Maximum inhibition efficiency was obtained at maximum concentration of 100 ppm for both SBL1 and SBL2 with SBL2 possessing the higher inhibition efficiency (86.21%) more than SBL1 (76.92%). Effectiveness of SBL1 and SBL2 reduced with increase in time and progressed with increase in concentration of SBL1 and SBL2. PDP measurements showed that SBL1 and SBL2 acted as a mixed type inhibitor. EIS measurement reveals that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Values of the inhibition efficacy obtained from the different techniques were comparable. SEM micrographs of mild steel surface indicated good surface protection of SBL1 and SBL2.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Schiff Bases for Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution","authors":"Chimezie P. Ozoemena, E. Boekom, Inemesit, I. Akpan","doi":"10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2843","url":null,"abstract":"Schiff bases (SBL1 and SBL2), non-toxic compounds were synthesized, characterized and investigated as alternative anticorrosive additives for inhibition of mild steel corrosion in I M HCl acid medium. Corrosion of the steel was monitored by Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Weight Loss (WL) techniques. The novel Schiff base ligands obtained were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The elemental analysis data for the Schiff base ligands were used to confirm the formula of SBL1 as C17H20N2O2 and SBL2 as C24H21N5O2. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy suggest that the formation of a complex film on the mild steel surface was due to the adsorption of SBL1 and SBL2. The adsorption process was spontaneous and consistent with the mechanism of physical adsorption as best approximated by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Maximum inhibition efficiency was obtained at maximum concentration of 100 ppm for both SBL1 and SBL2 with SBL2 possessing the higher inhibition efficiency (86.21%) more than SBL1 (76.92%). Effectiveness of SBL1 and SBL2 reduced with increase in time and progressed with increase in concentration of SBL1 and SBL2. PDP measurements showed that SBL1 and SBL2 acted as a mixed type inhibitor. EIS measurement reveals that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Values of the inhibition efficacy obtained from the different techniques were comparable. SEM micrographs of mild steel surface indicated good surface protection of SBL1 and SBL2.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83183802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020101t
Gjorgji Tonovski
In the system of the international communication between countries in the world in use is the term “Dirty State”. The term is a whole composed of characteristics related to the quality of the elements and the geo-physical situations on the environment on some territories in the divided international community.According the negative picture and bad conditions of living in our social and nature ambience, with big amounts of garbage, dirty air and bad quality of the land and waters and the low living standards on its territory, the Republic of Northern Macedonia is classified as a problematic eco country. By the professionals in the fields and the tourist public, such a situation in the documents on this topic, in the critic world and in the sciences is unfortunately defined and marked as a “Dirty State”. Although this formulation causes uncomfortable feelings to the people in Macedonian society, but the facts are facts. However, the sciences and the knowledgeable in this issue (primary, the sociology and the ecology) confirms the nickname Dirty state as a real one. It is not only bad feelings or sort of theory of conspiracy, but it is obvious condition in the country.Unfortunately, the pollution of the Macedonian living space (especially the garbage and the dirty environment) among the citizens of RSM is still experienced more as a greed, carelessness, homelessness, as a waste and pollution. But, it must be overrun as an opinion, as a practice and as a theoretical approach. There must overcome a new contemporary approach that the waste is a great resource which could save the world of living and production of the unknowing uncertain and dangerous future for the mankind.The aim of this treatise is to contribute to further elucidation of the term, and to provoke further human efforts of the individuals and their communities and organizations in strengthening the quality of the environment, i.e. its further humanization.
{"title":"THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL TRACTATE ON THE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Gjorgji Tonovski","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020101t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020101t","url":null,"abstract":"In the system of the international communication between countries in the world in use is the term “Dirty State”. The term is a whole composed of characteristics related to the quality of the elements and the geo-physical situations on the environment on some territories in the divided international community.According the negative picture and bad conditions of living in our social and nature ambience, with big amounts of garbage, dirty air and bad quality of the land and waters and the low living standards on its territory, the Republic of Northern Macedonia is classified as a problematic eco country. By the professionals in the fields and the tourist public, such a situation in the documents on this topic, in the critic world and in the sciences is unfortunately defined and marked as a “Dirty State”. Although this formulation causes uncomfortable feelings to the people in Macedonian society, but the facts are facts. However, the sciences and the knowledgeable in this issue (primary, the sociology and the ecology) confirms the nickname Dirty state as a real one. It is not only bad feelings or sort of theory of conspiracy, but it is obvious condition in the country.Unfortunately, the pollution of the Macedonian living space (especially the garbage and the dirty environment) among the citizens of RSM is still experienced more as a greed, carelessness, homelessness, as a waste and pollution. But, it must be overrun as an opinion, as a practice and as a theoretical approach. There must overcome a new contemporary approach that the waste is a great resource which could save the world of living and production of the unknowing uncertain and dangerous future for the mankind.The aim of this treatise is to contribute to further elucidation of the term, and to provoke further human efforts of the individuals and their communities and organizations in strengthening the quality of the environment, i.e. its further humanization.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90699267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020147d
Anita Dimitrijovska-Jankulovska, Milica Denkovska
In this paper the category of Otherness has been concerned for those who occupy the subordinate position in society, which have been presented as inferior in terms of knowledge and abilities, which implies that they need the leadership of those who are, by definition, more capable, more educated, more advanced, more civilized, more merciful, etc. On this way, the hierarchy of representations is established, thus justifying the existing ones power relations in society as well as the unequal treatment of those who are represented as inferior. The concept of Otherness within the framework of postcolonial criticism is used to describe the rest of the world, i.e., everything that does not fall within the scope of Europeans, as one homogeneous mass characterized by ugly features. Otherness in postcolonial criticism refers to colonized peoples who are marginalized by the imperial and identified by their difference from the center. Any area that is not part of European soil is considered inferior, dangerous and less valuable. However, in the understanding of the Other, a duality is also noticeable, since he is sometimes considered wild, harmful and mysterious, and sometimes harmless. Hybridity, mimicry, ambivalence are terms which are used in postcolonial analysis. The colonizers tried to categorize the colonized population, and the formation of hybrid patterns prevented that process, since new cultural forms were emerging that no longer corresponded to the descriptions of the colonizers. Colonizers have been the part of Occident and the colonized nations are the Orient or the Others or the category of Otherness. Sharing the same space, Orient and Occident influenced each other, which resulted in the transfer of elements from one culture to another. The fruit of this is the emergence of an intermediate space and a hybrid identity, which is characterized as a simultaneous affection for two or more different and opposing identity patterns, but does not fully belong to any of them.
{"title":"POSTCOLONIAL “OTHERNESS”","authors":"Anita Dimitrijovska-Jankulovska, Milica Denkovska","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020147d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020147d","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the category of Otherness has been concerned for those who occupy the subordinate position in society, which have been presented as inferior in terms of knowledge and abilities, which implies that they need the leadership of those who are, by definition, more capable, more educated, more advanced, more civilized, more merciful, etc. On this way, the hierarchy of representations is established, thus justifying the existing ones power relations in society as well as the unequal treatment of those who are represented as inferior. The concept of Otherness within the framework of postcolonial criticism is used to describe the rest of the world, i.e., everything that does not fall within the scope of Europeans, as one homogeneous mass characterized by ugly features. Otherness in postcolonial criticism refers to colonized peoples who are marginalized by the imperial and identified by their difference from the center. Any area that is not part of European soil is considered inferior, dangerous and less valuable. However, in the understanding of the Other, a duality is also noticeable, since he is sometimes considered wild, harmful and mysterious, and sometimes harmless. Hybridity, mimicry, ambivalence are terms which are used in postcolonial analysis. The colonizers tried to categorize the colonized population, and the formation of hybrid patterns prevented that process, since new cultural forms were emerging that no longer corresponded to the descriptions of the colonizers. Colonizers have been the part of Occident and the colonized nations are the Orient or the Others or the category of Otherness. Sharing the same space, Orient and Occident influenced each other, which resulted in the transfer of elements from one culture to another. The fruit of this is the emergence of an intermediate space and a hybrid identity, which is characterized as a simultaneous affection for two or more different and opposing identity patterns, but does not fully belong to any of them.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91305139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020131p
Liljana Pushova Stamenkova, Marija Dimitrovska, Lazar Stošić
Human resource management field has met many challenges in the past three years, mostly due to the Corona virus pandemic. This is the main inspiration for this paper, whose purpose is to examine the latest trends in the human resource management field. The COVID-19 has inevitably affected all organizations all over the world. The pandemic has created a complex and very challenging internal and external environment for the companies, which caused concerns for managers and human resource management (HRM) practitioners. Because of this, they need to find new solutions to help their employees to cope with this extraordinary crisis. The main idea behind the research is to evaluate the impact of the corona crisis on the modern workplace, i.e. to examine the influence on the pandemic on the HRM practices and trends. One of the aims of this paper is to analyze the trends in the field of human resource management, examined through the employee’s perspective. The methods used are induction, deduction, generalization and structured questionnaire. The research was conducted using a structured questionnaire in an international company, based in Skopje, North Macedonia. The results obtained from the 120 respondents show that grand changes have taken place in the field of HRM, mostly due to the corona virus pandemic. Employees, as well as company managers, are facing the fast-paced changes, which occur in the global economy, under the pressure of global pandemic. The main characteristic of 21st century is dynamic environment that imposes many challenges to companies. Based on the research results that were obtained, we can draw the conclusion that HRM sector is one of the most dynamic, fast changing and prone to fluctuations. This leads us to the inevitable need for HRM practitioners and organizations to develop an adequate approach to the emerging challenges. Contemporary organizations are intensifying their efforts in order to find an appropriate human resource management model, which will enable them to successfully deal with those challenges through the efficient use of available human resources.
{"title":"TRENDS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE LAST THREE YEARS - EMPLOYEE PERSPECTIVES","authors":"Liljana Pushova Stamenkova, Marija Dimitrovska, Lazar Stošić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020131p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020131p","url":null,"abstract":"Human resource management field has met many challenges in the past three years, mostly due to the Corona virus pandemic. This is the main inspiration for this paper, whose purpose is to examine the latest trends in the human resource management field. The COVID-19 has inevitably affected all organizations all over the world. The pandemic has created a complex and very challenging internal and external environment for the companies, which caused concerns for managers and human resource management (HRM) practitioners. Because of this, they need to find new solutions to help their employees to cope with this extraordinary crisis. The main idea behind the research is to evaluate the impact of the corona crisis on the modern workplace, i.e. to examine the influence on the pandemic on the HRM practices and trends. One of the aims of this paper is to analyze the trends in the field of human resource management, examined through the employee’s perspective. The methods used are induction, deduction, generalization and structured questionnaire. The research was conducted using a structured questionnaire in an international company, based in Skopje, North Macedonia. The results obtained from the 120 respondents show that grand changes have taken place in the field of HRM, mostly due to the corona virus pandemic. Employees, as well as company managers, are facing the fast-paced changes, which occur in the global economy, under the pressure of global pandemic. The main characteristic of 21st century is dynamic environment that imposes many challenges to companies. Based on the research results that were obtained, we can draw the conclusion that HRM sector is one of the most dynamic, fast changing and prone to fluctuations. This leads us to the inevitable need for HRM practitioners and organizations to develop an adequate approach to the emerging challenges. Contemporary organizations are intensifying their efforts in order to find an appropriate human resource management model, which will enable them to successfully deal with those challenges through the efficient use of available human resources.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91113098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020107h
Marianna Hudcovičová
The article deals with the analysis of mathematical terms, i.e. simple nouns. Complex terms are avoided in order to prepare a detailed lexico-grammatical analysis. The research examines the term formation within the word class of nouns. Origins of the English and Slovak terms are analysed, described and compared. Latin and Greek languages are languages of science for the English language. The original languages of terms in both languages. Furthemore, Slovak terminological equivalents are compared with the English ones in term preference the Latin/Greek term or the native term if exists. According to term formation processes, the following suffixes representing bound morphemes are analysed: -er, -or, -ion. The terms formed by affixation using the selected suffixes are compared with the Slovak counterparts in terminology of mathematics. Terms are analysed according to principles for term formation. The following principles should be followed in the formation of terms and appellations, as far as possible and as appropriate to the language: transparency; ⎯ consistency; ⎯ appropriateness, linguistic economy; ⎯ derivability and compoundability; ⎯ linguistic correctness; ⎯ preference for native language. Subject of analysis are terms taken from the Slovak National Corpus 10.0, i.e. English –Slovak Parallel Corpus 4.0 en, Slovak –English Parallel Corpus 4.0 sk and the British National Corpus. In the research, electronic corpora are applied. They use mathematical ad statistical methods to evaluate e.g. occurrence, frequency, collocability of words. The previous mentioned methods are taken into consideration and help to prepare the effective, precise and objective analysis of the planned analysis. The research is based on both languages and comparison of terms in both parts of the corpus. Specific trends and tendencies in the strategies of term formation are analysed. Descriptive method is used and the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis are applied. Due to analysis of two languages, contrastive and comparative approaches are entailed. Terminology records of terms are examined from lexico-grammatical point of view and on the basis of term-formation tendencies in each analysed language. i.e. Slovak language and English language. Records include entry, identification number, reference to the term, synonyms, subject field, formula, abbreviation, context, reference to the context, definition, reference to the definition.
{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED SUFFIXES IN THE TERMS OF MATHEMATICS","authors":"Marianna Hudcovičová","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020107h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020107h","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the analysis of mathematical terms, i.e. simple nouns. Complex terms are avoided in order to prepare a detailed lexico-grammatical analysis. The research examines the term formation within the word class of nouns. Origins of the English and Slovak terms are analysed, described and compared. Latin and Greek languages are languages of science for the English language. The original languages of terms in both languages. Furthemore, Slovak terminological equivalents are compared with the English ones in term preference the Latin/Greek term or the native term if exists. According to term formation processes, the following suffixes representing bound morphemes are analysed: -er, -or, -ion. The terms formed by affixation using the selected suffixes are compared with the Slovak counterparts in terminology of mathematics. Terms are analysed according to principles for term formation. The following principles should be followed in the formation of terms and appellations, as far as possible and as appropriate to the language: transparency; ⎯ consistency; ⎯ appropriateness, linguistic economy; ⎯ derivability and compoundability; ⎯ linguistic correctness; ⎯ preference for native language. Subject of analysis are terms taken from the Slovak National Corpus 10.0, i.e. English –Slovak Parallel Corpus 4.0 en, Slovak –English Parallel Corpus 4.0 sk and the British National Corpus. In the research, electronic corpora are applied. They use mathematical ad statistical methods to evaluate e.g. occurrence, frequency, collocability of words. The previous mentioned methods are taken into consideration and help to prepare the effective, precise and objective analysis of the planned analysis. The research is based on both languages and comparison of terms in both parts of the corpus. Specific trends and tendencies in the strategies of term formation are analysed. Descriptive method is used and the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis are applied. Due to analysis of two languages, contrastive and comparative approaches are entailed. Terminology records of terms are examined from lexico-grammatical point of view and on the basis of term-formation tendencies in each analysed language. i.e. Slovak language and English language. Records include entry, identification number, reference to the term, synonyms, subject field, formula, abbreviation, context, reference to the context, definition, reference to the definition.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78236083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.35120/sciencej020113i
R. Ivanova
Enterprises’ income is a key object of both accounting and financial and business analysis, and in particular, of the analysis of the financial statements. The issue of income is relevant at all stages and phases of the enterprises’ development and business. The importance and relevance of this issue is determined by the significance of the income and of changes that occur in its amount, with regard to the formation and dynamics of both the absolute indicators (financial performance) and the relative indicators (income effectiveness and return) that define the effectiveness of the enterprises’ business and their positioning on the competitive and dynamic market characterised by certain level of entropy.The object reviewed in this publication refers to the going concern in Bulgaria operating in the field of public services – organization and provision of cultural, scientific, educational, congress, conference, information, political and other various types of public services. The owner of the enterprise’s capital is the state represented by the Minister of culture of Bulgaria. The subject of this study covers the enterprise’s income and the methods for its analysis. Enterprise’s income for the period 2019 – 2021 is analysed. The interest to the question of enterprise’s income is due to the fact that at the beginning of 2020 a number of measures have been implemented in the country and state of emergency, and later on – epidemiologic emergency, were in place for some time, due to the spread of the coronavirus and the announced global Covid-19 pandemic. In 2020, the enterprise has almost fully discontinued its business with view of the restrictive measures undertaken by the Bulgarian government due to the spread of Covid-19. As a result, the main functional and administrative indicators that characterise the enterprise’s specific business – namely, the provision of services in public benefit, have been deteriorated. Covid-19 affected the enterprise’s income gained form the provision of cultural, conference, congress, and other entertainment public services most.The author’s objective here is to analyse the impact of the health, economic and social crises caused by the Covid-19 on the amount, structure, and dynamics of income for the analysed period. The author has the task to improve the methods for analysis of enterprise’s income. The resultative analytical information is useful for the enterprise’s management allowing it to make informed, timely, and appropriate operational and strategic decisions for overcoming the consequences of the Covid-19 crises and continuing the enterprise’s business.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF ENTERPRISE’S INCOME IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POST COVID-19 RECOVERY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS (METHODS AND METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS)","authors":"R. Ivanova","doi":"10.35120/sciencej020113i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020113i","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprises’ income is a key object of both accounting and financial and business analysis, and in particular, of the analysis of the financial statements. The issue of income is relevant at all stages and phases of the enterprises’ development and business. The importance and relevance of this issue is determined by the significance of the income and of changes that occur in its amount, with regard to the formation and dynamics of both the absolute indicators (financial performance) and the relative indicators (income effectiveness and return) that define the effectiveness of the enterprises’ business and their positioning on the competitive and dynamic market characterised by certain level of entropy.The object reviewed in this publication refers to the going concern in Bulgaria operating in the field of public services – organization and provision of cultural, scientific, educational, congress, conference, information, political and other various types of public services. The owner of the enterprise’s capital is the state represented by the Minister of culture of Bulgaria. The subject of this study covers the enterprise’s income and the methods for its analysis. Enterprise’s income for the period 2019 – 2021 is analysed. The interest to the question of enterprise’s income is due to the fact that at the beginning of 2020 a number of measures have been implemented in the country and state of emergency, and later on – epidemiologic emergency, were in place for some time, due to the spread of the coronavirus and the announced global Covid-19 pandemic. In 2020, the enterprise has almost fully discontinued its business with view of the restrictive measures undertaken by the Bulgarian government due to the spread of Covid-19. As a result, the main functional and administrative indicators that characterise the enterprise’s specific business – namely, the provision of services in public benefit, have been deteriorated. Covid-19 affected the enterprise’s income gained form the provision of cultural, conference, congress, and other entertainment public services most.The author’s objective here is to analyse the impact of the health, economic and social crises caused by the Covid-19 on the amount, structure, and dynamics of income for the analysed period. The author has the task to improve the methods for analysis of enterprise’s income. The resultative analytical information is useful for the enterprise’s management allowing it to make informed, timely, and appropriate operational and strategic decisions for overcoming the consequences of the Covid-19 crises and continuing the enterprise’s business.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77367622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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