Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182
Yanbo Li , Jen-Ping Chung , Huai Shi
The use of electro-technology for the biological treatment systems for wastewater represents a significant innovation in treatment efficiency and offers multiple advantages. This is a study of the methods, basic structures and progress of electrically enhanced biological treatment of wastewater. This study uses bibliometric analysis tools to search for 2,929 relevant papers in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2023, to determine the evolution of knowledge structure in the field of electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment (EEWBT). The research focus has shifted from basic wastewater treatments to the development of cutting-edge technologies that promote synchronous treatment and resource recovery. Future studies should focus on the optimization of bioreactors, in-depth mechanism studies and large-scale expansion of practical applications.
{"title":"Research on Electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment from 2000 to 2023: A review and bibliometric analysis","authors":"Yanbo Li , Jen-Ping Chung , Huai Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of electro-technology for the biological treatment systems for wastewater represents a significant innovation in treatment efficiency and offers multiple advantages. This is a study of the methods, basic structures and progress of electrically enhanced biological treatment of wastewater. This study uses bibliometric analysis tools to search for 2,929 relevant papers in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2023, to determine the evolution of knowledge structure in the field of electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment (EEWBT). The research focus has shifted from basic wastewater treatments to the development of cutting-edge technologies that promote synchronous treatment and resource recovery. Future studies should focus on the optimization of bioreactors, in-depth mechanism studies and large-scale expansion of practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197
Shuangcheng Fu , Liang Tao , Zhonghua Shen , Minghui Xu , Dong Yang , Yue Hu , Faqi Zhou
In this study, a helical guide vane cyclone separator was developed to enhance the separation efficiency of escaped oil droplets during the treatment and recovery of waste drilling fluid. The internal flow field and liquid film behavior were analyzed through numerical simulations and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the helical guide vane significantly influences tangential velocity and pressure drop. At an intake speed of 15 m/s, the tangential velocity can be reduced by 12 % with 0.5 turns, while it can be increased by 20 % with 3 turns. Initially, the pressure drop decreases; however, as the number of vane turns increases, the pressure drop subsequently rises. The turns also reduce the spiral angle of the droplets, thereby improving the trapping efficiency of smaller droplets. When the number of helical guide vane turns is 2, the separation efficiency reaches its peak. Through further research, it has been found that the pitch has a significant effect on the pressure drop. As the pitch increases, the pressure drop decreases noticeably; however, the separation efficiency does not change significantly.
{"title":"Effects of helical guide vanes on droplet behavior and separation performance in cyclone separators","authors":"Shuangcheng Fu , Liang Tao , Zhonghua Shen , Minghui Xu , Dong Yang , Yue Hu , Faqi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a helical guide vane cyclone separator was developed to enhance the separation efficiency of escaped oil droplets during the treatment and recovery of waste drilling fluid. The internal flow field and liquid film behavior were analyzed through numerical simulations and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the helical guide vane significantly influences tangential velocity and pressure drop. At an intake speed of 15 m/s, the tangential velocity can be reduced by 12 % with 0.5 turns, while it can be increased by 20 % with 3 turns. Initially, the pressure drop decreases; however, as the number of vane turns increases, the pressure drop subsequently rises. The turns also reduce the spiral angle of the droplets, thereby improving the trapping efficiency of smaller droplets. When the number of helical guide vane turns is 2, the separation efficiency reaches its peak. Through further research, it has been found that the pitch has a significant effect on the pressure drop. As the pitch increases, the pressure drop decreases noticeably; however, the separation efficiency does not change significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110185
Yuling Lü , Shihao Zhu , Ganggui Lin , Meng Wang , Ce Wang
As natural gas wells advance through the mid to late stages of extraction, foam drainage processes are employed to sustain production capacity, leading to the formation of significant condensate emulsions. This study examines the effects of key factors on separation efficiency during ultrasonic dewatering of two representative condensate emulsions with varying viscosities, using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The droplet size distribution was assessed using a microscopic observation system before and after demulsification. Results indicate that ultrasonic demulsification is an effective method for treating condensate emulsions and improving recovery rates. Optimal parameters were determined as 0.5 W/cm², 20 kHz, and a processing time of 20 mins, achieving complete dewatering (100 %) for separated oil samples alongside a notable separation efficiency of 83.1 %. Importantly, increases in sound intensity and processing time initially enhanced separation efficiency but subsequently led to a decline. Frequency exerted the most substantial influence on separation efficiency, followed by sound intensity, processing time had the least effect. Furthermore, under identical conditions, the first oil sample demonstrated a separation efficiency that was 17.4 % greater than that of the second sample. In practical terms, reducing emulsion viscosity can enhance ultrasonic separation efficiency.
{"title":"Research on ultrasonic demulsification characteristics and parameter optimization of condensate oil emulsion","authors":"Yuling Lü , Shihao Zhu , Ganggui Lin , Meng Wang , Ce Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As natural gas wells advance through the mid to late stages of extraction, foam drainage processes are employed to sustain production capacity, leading to the formation of significant condensate emulsions. This study examines the effects of key factors on separation efficiency during ultrasonic dewatering of two representative condensate emulsions with varying viscosities, using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The droplet size distribution was assessed using a microscopic observation system before and after demulsification. Results indicate that ultrasonic demulsification is an effective method for treating condensate emulsions and improving recovery rates. Optimal parameters were determined as 0.5 W/cm², 20 kHz, and a processing time of 20 mins, achieving complete dewatering (100 %) for separated oil samples alongside a notable separation efficiency of 83.1 %. Importantly, increases in sound intensity and processing time initially enhanced separation efficiency but subsequently led to a decline. Frequency exerted the most substantial influence on separation efficiency, followed by sound intensity, processing time had the least effect. Furthermore, under identical conditions, the first oil sample demonstrated a separation efficiency that was 17.4 % greater than that of the second sample. In practical terms, reducing emulsion viscosity can enhance ultrasonic separation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110196
Juxiang Chen, Sitong Lin, Chong Ruan, Lin Liu, Shangye Yang
The proliferation of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in aquatic ecosystems poses a severe threat to environmental integrity and human well-being. This research employs an acclimation strategy using Chlorella pyrenoidosas to enhance the photo-sensitized degradation efficacy of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfisoxazole (SIZ). The acclimated Chlorella exhibits remarkable degradation capabilities, with improvements of approximately 9.7 times for SMX and 4.2 times for SIZ, respectively, compared to non-acclimated strains. These improvements are linked to increased growth rates, higher chlorophyll levels, enhanced extracellular organic matter (EOM) production, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. The enhanced performance is attributed to refined enzymatic and metabolic processes promoting photosynthesis, energy conversion, and the degradation of SAs. Through response surface methodology, this approach is refined to achieve optimal water remediation results, attaining a degradation rate of 78.04 %. The EOM content increases by up to 68.33 %, while growth rates improve by 1.06 to 1.14 times, indicating superior tolerance. A biphasic response to antibiotic concentrations is also observed, where low concentrations facilitate degradation while high concentrations have an inhibitory effect. This characteristic is reflected by significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly in the case of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) at concentrations below 1 mg/L.
{"title":"Photosensitization optimization in Chlorella: Driving the acclimation-enhanced degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics","authors":"Juxiang Chen, Sitong Lin, Chong Ruan, Lin Liu, Shangye Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proliferation of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in aquatic ecosystems poses a severe threat to environmental integrity and human well-being. This research employs an acclimation strategy using Chlorella pyrenoidosas to enhance the photo-sensitized degradation efficacy of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfisoxazole (SIZ). The acclimated Chlorella exhibits remarkable degradation capabilities, with improvements of approximately 9.7 times for SMX and 4.2 times for SIZ, respectively, compared to non-acclimated strains. These improvements are linked to increased growth rates, higher chlorophyll levels, enhanced extracellular organic matter (EOM) production, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. The enhanced performance is attributed to refined enzymatic and metabolic processes promoting photosynthesis, energy conversion, and the degradation of SAs. Through response surface methodology, this approach is refined to achieve optimal water remediation results, attaining a degradation rate of 78.04 %. The EOM content increases by up to 68.33 %, while growth rates improve by 1.06 to 1.14 times, indicating superior tolerance. A biphasic response to antibiotic concentrations is also observed, where low concentrations facilitate degradation while high concentrations have an inhibitory effect. This characteristic is reflected by significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly in the case of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) at concentrations below 1 mg/L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110178
Ebenezer Ola Falade , Kouadio Jean Eric-Parfait Kouamé , Yunyun Zheng , Yanyun Zhu , Afusat Yinka Aregbe , Xingqian Ye
This study optimized the extraction of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) from Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG) using ultrasound and microwave-assisted alkali extraction (UMAK) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The UMAK method demonstrated superior efficiency, yielding higher arabinoxylan (34.2 %) and beta-glucan (19.14 %) content compared to ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (USAK), despite a slightly lower total SDF yield (39.74 % vs. 40.8 %). UMAK significantly reduced extraction time (16.25 vs. 60 min, p < 0.001), achieving efficient solubilization while preserving polysaccharide structures, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. The retention of hydroxyl groups and structural integrity highlights UMAK's potential for producing high-quality dietary fibers, offering industrial relevance for functional food applications.
{"title":"RSM-based process intensification for arabinoxylan and beta-glucan extraction from Brewer's spent grain using ultrasound and microwave-assisted technologies","authors":"Ebenezer Ola Falade , Kouadio Jean Eric-Parfait Kouamé , Yunyun Zheng , Yanyun Zhu , Afusat Yinka Aregbe , Xingqian Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study optimized the extraction of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) from Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG) using ultrasound and microwave-assisted alkali extraction (UMAK) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The UMAK method demonstrated superior efficiency, yielding higher arabinoxylan (34.2 %) and beta-glucan (19.14 %) content compared to ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (USAK), despite a slightly lower total SDF yield (39.74 % vs. 40.8 %). UMAK significantly reduced extraction time (16.25 vs. 60 min, <em>p</em> < 0.001), achieving efficient solubilization while preserving polysaccharide structures, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. The retention of hydroxyl groups and structural integrity highlights UMAK's potential for producing high-quality dietary fibers, offering industrial relevance for functional food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110193
Kunderu Pallavi , Alex Koshy , Gargi Das , Chirodeep Bakli , Subhabrata Ray
The study proposes a novel technique for continuous generation of monodispersed droplets during biphasic flow in mesoscale. The technique uses aqueous nanofluids to pinch-off toluene droplets during flow in a 2.38 mm diameter glass conduit. Visualisation studies over a flow rate range of 2–80 mL/min show a significant increase in plug flow range compared to water-toluene flow. The range is even higher than that reported in literature for water-toluene flow in microchannels. This is a favorable outcome as plug flow enhances rate of transport processes. Additionally, we observe an enhanced range of monodispersity (polydispersity index ≤ 1.01) compared to water-toluene flow under the same conditions. The values for critical aqueous capillary number and organic Weber number for monodispersity (Caaq* and Weorg*) ≈ 0.024 and 7 for nanofluids and 0.01 and 2 for water. We further note the formation of inverted dispersed flow at low aqueous and moderate organic flow (Weorg ≤ 8). Comparison with the flow pattern map for surfactant-toluene flow under identical flow conditions shows that the observations cannot be rationalised solely from changes in phase physical properties. We postulate interface jamming to play a significant role. A simplistic analysis shows that availability of nanoparticles exceeding 400 % of that required to cover the surface created during droplet formation ensures monodispersity under jetting at high phase flow rates. Likewise, inverted droplet flow appears when the availability of nanoparticles exceeds 100 % of that required for interface coverage and Weorg ≤ 8. For higher Weber numbers, inertial forces dominate, resulting in thread flow.
{"title":"Nanofluid induced continuous production of monodispersed plugs during biphasic liquid flow in meso-scale","authors":"Kunderu Pallavi , Alex Koshy , Gargi Das , Chirodeep Bakli , Subhabrata Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study proposes a novel technique for continuous generation of monodispersed droplets during biphasic flow in mesoscale. The technique uses aqueous nanofluids to pinch-off toluene droplets during flow in a 2.38 mm diameter glass conduit. Visualisation studies over a flow rate range of 2–80 mL/min show a significant increase in plug flow range compared to water-toluene flow. The range is even higher than that reported in literature for water-toluene flow in microchannels. This is a favorable outcome as plug flow enhances rate of transport processes. Additionally, we observe an enhanced range of monodispersity (polydispersity index ≤ 1.01) compared to water-toluene flow under the same conditions. The values for critical aqueous capillary number and organic Weber number for monodispersity (<em>Ca<sub>aq</sub></em>* and <em>We<sub>org</sub></em>*) ≈ 0.024 and 7 for nanofluids and 0.01 and 2 for water. We further note the formation of inverted dispersed flow at low aqueous and moderate organic flow (<em>We<sub>org</sub></em> ≤ 8). Comparison with the flow pattern map for surfactant-toluene flow under identical flow conditions shows that the observations cannot be rationalised solely from changes in phase physical properties. We postulate interface jamming to play a significant role. A simplistic analysis shows that availability of nanoparticles exceeding 400 % of that required to cover the surface created during droplet formation ensures monodispersity under jetting at high phase flow rates. Likewise, inverted droplet flow appears when the availability of nanoparticles exceeds 100 % of that required for interface coverage and <em>We<sub>org</sub></em> ≤ 8. For higher Weber numbers, inertial forces dominate, resulting in thread flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional CO2 capture using amine-based solvents is effective but not an energy-intensive and requires frequent replenishment. This study explores enhancing CO2 absorption in packed bed columns by switching to sodium hydroxide and incorporating gas phase pulsation to improve mass transfer efficiency. Optimising a CO2NaOH absorption process through its intensified volumetric mass transfer coefficient under a gas phase pulsation using artificial intelligence model is the main objective of this study. The mutual effects of pulsation amplitude, frequency, bed height, and solvent content on volumetric mass transfer coefficient was observed by Central Composite Design model of Response Surface Methodology where under an ideal frequency of 7.5 Hz, an amplitude of 18 mm, a bed height of 12 cm, and a solvent concentration of 2 N, the model attained a maximum volumetric mass transfer coefficient of 53.166 ± 0.55 s-1. This result was further validated through the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimisation models of Artificial Neural Networks. It revealed maximum coefficients of 54.52 ± 40 s-1 and 56.12 ± 60 s-1, respectively, with marginally differing ideal parameters. This study shows that artificial intelligence can substantially optimize CO2 capture processes by maximizing the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, leading to more efficient and cost-effective greenhouse gas reduction methods.
{"title":"AI-driven parametric optimization of gas-liquid absorption for the intensification of CO2 capture under a Gas-phase pulsation condition","authors":"Sanjib Roy , Chaturmukha Pattnaik , Ramesh Kumar , Shirsendu Banerjee , Jayato Nayak , Somnath Chaudhuri , Sayantan Sarkar , Moonis Ali Khan , Byong-Hun Jeon , Sankha Chakrabortty , Suraj K Tripathy","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional CO<sub>2</sub> capture using amine-based solvents is effective but not an energy-intensive and requires frequent replenishment. This study explores enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> absorption in packed bed columns by switching to sodium hydroxide and incorporating gas phase pulsation to improve mass transfer efficiency. Optimising a CO<sub>2</sub><sub><img></sub>NaOH absorption process through its intensified volumetric mass transfer coefficient under a gas phase pulsation using artificial intelligence model is the main objective of this study. The mutual effects of pulsation amplitude, frequency, bed height, and solvent content on volumetric mass transfer coefficient was observed by Central Composite Design model of Response Surface Methodology where under an ideal frequency of 7.5 Hz, an amplitude of 18 mm, a bed height of 12 cm, and a solvent concentration of 2 N, the model attained a maximum volumetric mass transfer coefficient of 53.166 ± 0.55 s<sup>-1</sup>. This result was further validated through the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimisation models of Artificial Neural Networks. It revealed maximum coefficients of 54.52 ± 40 s<sup>-1</sup> and 56.12 ± 60 s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, with marginally differing ideal parameters. This study shows that artificial intelligence can substantially optimize CO<sub>2</sub> capture processes by maximizing the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, leading to more efficient and cost-effective greenhouse gas reduction methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110192
Ruo-shan Wang , Li-li Shan , Ze-bing Zhu , Zheng-qian Liu , Zhi-min Liao , Yu-hong Cui
As an environmentally friendly electrochemical water treatment process, electrocoagulation has received extensive attention in recent years, with the advantages of no additional chemical injection, no secondary pollution, and low sludge generation. During electrocoagulation, the electrode is corroded and then gradually passivated, resulting in low electrocoagulation efficiency, which limits the wide application of electrocoagulation treatment. This review highlights latest detection of electrode corrosion/ passivation and its mitigation strategies as well as future research direction. We describe the method of detecting electrode passivation by electrode surface morphology and electrochemical analysis, reviews the factors affecting the operation of electrocoagulation and electrode passivation, and provides an overview of methods to mitigate passivation, such as changing the current mode, designing new electrodes, introducing Cl– into the solution and so on. In-depth research and real-time monitoring of electrode passivation, and the synergistic effect of machine learning and passivation mitigation strategies should be considered to overcome the EC development bottleneck and achieve a large-scale application in actual production.
{"title":"Current status of electrode corrosion passivation and its mitigation strategies in electrocoagulation","authors":"Ruo-shan Wang , Li-li Shan , Ze-bing Zhu , Zheng-qian Liu , Zhi-min Liao , Yu-hong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an environmentally friendly electrochemical water treatment process, electrocoagulation has received extensive attention in recent years, with the advantages of no additional chemical injection, no secondary pollution, and low sludge generation. During electrocoagulation, the electrode is corroded and then gradually passivated, resulting in low electrocoagulation efficiency, which limits the wide application of electrocoagulation treatment. This review highlights latest detection of electrode corrosion/ passivation and its mitigation strategies as well as future research direction. We describe the method of detecting electrode passivation by electrode surface morphology and electrochemical analysis, reviews the factors affecting the operation of electrocoagulation and electrode passivation, and provides an overview of methods to mitigate passivation, such as changing the current mode, designing new electrodes, introducing Cl<sup>–</sup> into the solution and so on. In-depth research and real-time monitoring of electrode passivation, and the synergistic effect of machine learning and passivation mitigation strategies should be considered to overcome the EC development bottleneck and achieve a large-scale application in actual production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Higher separation requirements and stricter environmental protection regulations have put forward the development and optimization of efficient extraction equipment. Herein, a novel spray falling film extractor was designed for extraction processes with organic phase being dispersed in droplet and aqueous phase in falling film flow patterns. Tributyl phosphate (in kerosene)-acetic acid-water was used as the extraction system. The extraction performance was characterized by the stage efficiency (SE) and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa). The SE and KLa could reach up to 98.8% and 0.288 s−1, respectively, when the resin falling film tube was utilized at the optimal operating conditions. Moreover, the falling film tube with a screw surface structure exhibited superior extraction performance compared to the falling film tube with a smooth surface. Based on the experimental results, a dimensionless equation was provided to correlate KLa with deviations less than ±20%. Further comparison results showed that the spray falling film extractor could provide a higher KLa than traditional extraction columns, which demonstrated application potential as a novel liquid-liquid extraction equipment.
{"title":"Evaluation of stage efficiency and mass transfer performance in a spray falling film extractor","authors":"Yu-Gan Zhu , Xiao-Feng Fei , Han-Zhuo Xu , Yan-Bin Li , Guang-Wen Chu , Jian-Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Higher separation requirements and stricter environmental protection regulations have put forward the development and optimization of efficient extraction equipment. Herein, a novel spray falling film extractor was designed for extraction processes with organic phase being dispersed in droplet and aqueous phase in falling film flow patterns. Tributyl phosphate (in kerosene)-acetic acid-water was used as the extraction system. The extraction performance was characterized by the stage efficiency (<em>SE</em>) and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (<em>K</em><sub>L</sub><em>a</em>). The <em>SE</em> and <em>K</em><sub>L</sub><em>a</em> could reach up to 98.8% and 0.288 s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, when the resin falling film tube was utilized at the optimal operating conditions. Moreover, the falling film tube with a screw surface structure exhibited superior extraction performance compared to the falling film tube with a smooth surface. Based on the experimental results, a dimensionless equation was provided to correlate <em>K</em><sub>L</sub><em>a</em> with deviations less than ±20%. Further comparison results showed that the spray falling film extractor could provide a higher <em>K</em><sub>L</sub><em>a</em> than traditional extraction columns, which demonstrated application potential as a novel liquid-liquid extraction equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110190
Zezhong John Li , Jong In Jeon , Arian Ebneyamini , C. Jim Lim , Naoko Ellis , John R. Grace , Jun Young Kim
The combination of limestone calcination, catalytic methane reforming, and combustion in one reactor (MRCCAL) was previously proposed to achieve autothermal and hydrogen-producing sorbent regeneration for calcium-looping technology. However, this technology was only assessed using kinetic-only simulations. To further evaluate its viability, the present study developed an Eulerian-Eulerian CFD model with full reaction kinetics in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Three different operating parameters were studied: the inlet gas velocity, the sorbent to catalyst ratio, and the sorbent calcination extent. CFD simulations demonstrated that increasing the inlet gas velocity increased the H2 production by altering the particle distribution through the bed. Decreasing the catalyst-to-sorbent ratio improved local mixing whereas the catalyst tended to locate at the bottom of the bed where an increased total solid holdup was also found. Sorbents with higher calcination extent led to a decreased CO2 composition in the off-gas whilst increasing the H2 composition. When compared with kinetic-only simulations of a continuous reactor, the CFD results showed a noticeable discrepancy in the gas compositions mainly due to the free gas expansion and the more rigorous calculation of the particle mixing patterns, which were not included in the kinetic simulations. The sharp differences emphasized the importance of hydrodynamics in developing novel processes.
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