Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of red mud-based iron-carbon adsorption-reaction materials through biomass pyrolytic reduction for application of dyes removal","authors":"Sheikh F. Javaid ,&nbsp;Rong Rong ,&nbsp;Mian M. Ahson Aslam ,&nbsp;Min Dai ,&nbsp;Changsheng Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud, a byproduct of aluminium production, poses serious environmental risks due to its high alkalinity and large volume. This study explores the synthesis of two iron-carbon adsorption-reaction materials (Fe-C ARMs), Fe₃O₄-BC and ZVI-BC, using corn straw (CS) and red mud (RM) through biomass pyrolytic reduction. CS serves as a pore-forming and reducing agent, while RM acts as the iron precursor. We explored the impact of various preparation conditions, including the raw CS to RM ratio (2:1–1:4), pyrolysis time (45–120 min), and temperature (400°C to 600°C for Fe₃O₄-BC, and 700°C to 1000°C for ZVI-BC), on the characteristics of the Fe-C ARMs. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) identified optimal conditions: for Fe₃O₄-BC, a CS to RM ratio of 1:1, 600°C pyrolysis temperature, and 75 minutes; for ZVI-BC, a CS to RM ratio of 1:3, 912°C pyrolysis temperature, and 75 minutes. Maximum dye removal capacities were 342.4 mg/g for GV and 145.4 mg/g for MO with Fe₃O₄-BC, and 480.5 mg/g for GV and 215.1 mg/g for MO with ZVI-BC. The synthesis mechanisms and physiochemical characteristics of the Fe-C ARMs synthesized under optimal conditions were analyzed using TGA/DTA, FE-SEM coupled with EDS, FTIR, XRD, XPS and BET surface area analysis. The removal of dyes by Fe-C ARMs occurs via a combination of adsorption and reduction on carbon and iron oxides, with efficiency varying according to experimental conditions. Additionally, the materials exhibited reusability over five operational cycles, suggesting their potential for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 222-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on hydrodynamic characteristics and heat transfer enhancement of gas-liquid Taylor flow in divergent microchannels","authors":"Fuxing Jia,&nbsp;Shanwei Li,&nbsp;Min Wei,&nbsp;Maocheng Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase Taylor flow has been proven as an effective method for process intensification in microchannels in many fields with high integration and miniaturization. In this study, the effect of divergent microchannel on air-water two-phase Taylor flow is investigated numerically. The results reveal that introducing a divergent structure is effective in reducing the pressure drop through the microchannel while also increasing the Nusselt number. In the configuration featuring a divergent angle of 0.8°, there is a significant decrease in pressure drop by 31.3 %, accompanied by a maximum enhancement of 37.7 % in the Nusselt number, when contrasted with a straight microchannel structure. Detailed analysis reveals that the existence of divergent angles can form the ever-shortening slugs along with the Taylor flow and intensify the fractional velocity perpendicular to the mainstream direction so that the internal circulation is improved which is beneficial to the heat dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143242283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and calculation of the maximum efficiency superficial gas velocity of swirl plate demisters","authors":"Zhengyuan Song,&nbsp;Guogang Sun,&nbsp;Shiwei Yuan,&nbsp;Chenhao Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A swirl plate is widely used in industry for gas-liquid mass transfer, reaction and removal of droplets from gas flow. The maximum efficiency superficial gas velocity is a key parameter in the design and application of swirl plate demisters, but currently there is no calculation method available. In this paper, a set of swirl plate demister experimental device was built, the separation efficiency, maximum efficiency and the corresponding superficial gas velocity of water and DOS droplets using three types of swirl plate demisters were determined. Furthermore, based on the calculation of critical gas velocity for droplet re-entrainment, a calculation formula for predicting this maximum efficiency superficial gas velocity was proposed. The results show that the predictions are in good agreement with literature data and experimental results. The research provides essential support for predicting the maximum efficiency superficial gas velocity during the design and application of a swirl plate demister.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing airlift pumps for efficient solid-liquid transport: Effect of particle properties, submergence ratio, and injector design","authors":"Marwan H. Taha,&nbsp;Shahriyar G. Holagh,&nbsp;Joshua Rosettani,&nbsp;Soha Eid Moussa,&nbsp;Wael H. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airlift pumps have been widely utilized for liquid transport and have recently shown significant potential for efficiently handling slurry flows in many applications such as mining, wastewater treatment, dredging, and oil and gas, where the need for effective solid-liquid transport is critical for operations like removing sediments, transferring drilling mud, or managing slurries in pipelines. The present study experimentally investigates the performance of airlift pumps under three-phase solid-gas-liquid flow conditions, emphasizing the influence of particle properties (diameter and density), pump submergence ratio (SR), and injector design. The experimental setup involved two types of solid particles (glass and ceramic) with different densities (2835 kg/m³ and 2668 kg/m³) and sizes (1, 4, and 5 mm), three SRs (50 %, 70 %, and 90 %), and two injector designs (annular and swirl). High-speed imaging and flow measurements were used to assess the dynamics within the riser pipe and evaluate pump performance. It was found that the presence of solid particles significantly reduces the liquid phase deliverability, reducing the superficial velocity of the lifted liquid phase and therefore the pump's effectiveness, notably at smaller particle sizes due to momentum transfer to the solid phase and clogging effects. Pump performance was evaluated based on three key operational phases: start-up, transitional, and steady state. The results show that smaller, less dense particles and higher SRs significantly improve the solid production rate and effectiveness and accelerate the transition phase where the pump begins lifting solid particles. The swirl injector design that promotes angular momentum transfer to the liquid as the carrying medium for solids was found to increase solid particle discharge rates and consequently improve pumping effectiveness. The present results are correlated with the Stokes number to describe the inertia of the solid particles relative to viscous drag forces, determining how well the particles follow the liquid's motion. Consequently, the study introduces new performance curves that demonstrate the interaction between solid particle concentration, terminal velocity, and known airlift pump parameters such as lifting efficiency and effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing airlift pump system designs for a wide range of industrial applications, where efficient solid-liquid transportation is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 292-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143242282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, optimization and evaluation of wavy channels in a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor","authors":"Yuyu Min ,&nbsp;Dengyue Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Robert W. Field","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fouling of membrane bioreactors (MBR) can be mitigated inter alia by appropriate patterning of the membrane surface and by “smart” hydrodynamics. Herein the membrane frame of a flat sheet system was designed to create a wavy surface. Correspondingly the cross-sectional area of the aerated channels varied in a periodic manner. The patterned sheet (PS) membranes were evaluated alongside a standard flat sheet (FS) membrane. Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation verified that the PS system had greater uniformity of bubble distributions and shear stress. The parallel fouling experiments showed that flux, permeability, and fouling resistance of PS membranes were better than that of the FS membrane. For a large-scale standard unit (700 mm × 500 mm), the improved anti-fouling performance would produce sufficient hydrodynamic effect for operation with SAD_m of 1.17 Nm³ m⁻² h⁻¹, which is 50 % less than the 2.34 Nm³ m⁻² h⁻¹ used in FS-MBR. Such enhanced efficiency would reduce wastewater treatment costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical strategies for managing resistance heating in heat pump water heater predictive control","authors":"Loren dela Rosa ,&nbsp;Caton Mande ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the U.S. grid transitions to 100% carbon-free electricity, adopting electric heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) is key for decarbonizing homes and reducing operating costs for end users. However, their widespread adoption could strain the electric grid. Load-shifting control strategies for HPWHs are needed to shift demand from peak hours to periods with low-cost renewable energy, while ensuring occupant comfort. Economic model predictive control (MPC) can optimize HPWH operation by accounting for physical constraints, tank thermal dynamics, and time-varying factors like electricity prices and hot water demand. A key aspect of the MPC for HPWHs is the use of a thermal energy storage tank model as its prediction model. While various techniques exist for modeling tank thermal stratification, they typically have nonlinear dynamics. Conversely, studies have shown improved performance of HPWHs under MPC with a simplified, low-order tank thermal model compared to the performance under conventional control strategies. This study investigates the adverse effects of enabling resistance heating in MPC with a low-order tank thermal model for heat pump water heaters with two resistance elements, including overheating and unnecessary tank heating. To address these issues, practical strategies, in the form of logic-based constraints, are incorporated into the MPC formulation to manage resistance heating activation and the selection between the two resistance elements. Extensive simulation results are presented to examine the effectiveness of the logic-based constraints in mitigating overheating and unnecessary tank heating in HPWHs under the MPC with a low-order tank thermal model. Additionally, the closed-loop results under the MPC are compared against those under a typical HPWH rule-based control strategy to assess its ability to minimize electricity costs while maintaining occupant comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 180-192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effects of perforated inlet baffles in a circular sedimentation tank using Computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Kirpa Hirom,&nbsp;Thiyam Tamphasana Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A full-scale three-dimensional numerical study on the effects of using perforated inlet baffles in a circular sedimentation tank was performed using a numerical model that was validated with experimental data. A total of 14 cases were investigated in this study — 7 geometries and two influent concentration groups. A two-phase steady-state simulation was performed for each case using the Eulerian multiphase model coupled with the k-ω SST turbulence model. The simulation results are then analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. For the quantitative analysis, the weighted total settling efficiency is calculated after calculating the settling efficiency for each of the three particle sizes using the sediment concentration at the outlet weir surface. Significant improvement in the settling efficiency was observed due to the introduction of the perforated inlet baffles. An average improvement of 20.7 % was achieved for the lower influent concentration group, while an average improvement of 9.6 % was achieved for the higher influent concentration group. For the qualitative analysis, three performance indicators were examined — volume fraction of sediments along a vertical line near the outlet weir, the contour of turbulence kinetic energy in the inlet region along with the contour of velocity magnitude, and three-dimensionally rendered volume fraction distribution of clarified water/sediments in the whole geometry. The best-performing sedimentation tank was found to be the one that is equipped with a perforated stilling well and a perforated McKinney baffle. A good agreement is observed between the findings from the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced CO2 separation using aqueous amine blends and nanofluids in PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor","authors":"Zia Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Shakil Ahmad ,&nbsp;Amir Muhammad ,&nbsp;Nayef Ghasem ,&nbsp;Mohamed Al-Marzouqi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Younas ,&nbsp;Mashallah Rezakazemi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various aqueous amine solutions in post-combustion CO₂ capture using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). The aqueous amine mixtures included several types of amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), diethanolamine (DEA), aminomethyl propanol (AMP), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), activator amines, and different nanofluids. We have examined the impact of several blends of amines and nanoparticles, as well as their concentrations, gas and solvent flowrates, on the efficiency of CO₂ removal. The results indicated that the effectiveness of CO₂ removal improved as the flow rate of the solvent increased, whereas the flow rate of the gas stream had a contrary impact. Among the six studied amines solutions, the DETA +piperazine (PZ) achieved the highest CO₂ removal percentage of 78 % followed by MEA + PZ (69 %), EDA + PZ (67 %), DETA + piperazinyl-1, 2-ethylamine (PZEA) (66.5 %) and EDA + PZ (66.5 %) with all constituents in 5 wt% concentration. The addition of 5 wt% of activator amines, PZ and PZEA, alongside the amine solutions resulted in a marginal improvement in the removal efficiency of CO₂. Additionally, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an aqueous solution of MDEA resulted in enhanced efficacy in the elimination of CO₂. The impact of SiO₂ nanoparticles seemed insignificant when compared to CNTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 170-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised model microcapsules of Arabic gum and gelatin a for functional cosmetic applications: From formulation to scale-up using a mesostructured reactor","authors":"Júlia C. Kessler ,&nbsp;Isabel M. Martins ,&nbsp;Yaidelin A. Manrique ,&nbsp;José Carlos B. Lopes ,&nbsp;Alírio E. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Maria Filomena Barreiro ,&nbsp;Madalena M. Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcapsules were developed using Arabic gum and gelatin A through complex coacervation, employing both batch and continuous production methods. Ingredients were chosen to encapsulate diverse hydrophobic core materials with functional properties tailored for cosmetic applications, such as those found in commercial hydrating creams, aiming to enhance their performance through microencapsulation. The formulation was optimised by systematically adjusting key parameters to balance the electrostatic and structural behaviour of the polymers, ensuring ideal encapsulation conditions. The optimised batch formulation (3.5:1 vol-to-volume ratio of core material to emulsifier, stirring at 9500 rpm for 2 min, and 10 % crosslinker concentration) resulted in spherical, multinuclear microcapsules with an average size of circa 60 μm, maintaining structural stability over 45 days. Encapsulation efficiency, defined as the percentage of core material successfully enclosed within the microcapsules relative to the initial amount used, reached up to 89 %. Transitioning to a continuous production method using the NETmix reactor further improved performance, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of 98 %. This was accomplished by performing the emulsification and polymer complexation steps under controlled Reynolds numbers of approximately 358 and 559, sustained over 2 and 4 minutes, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 108-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting energy consumption in desulfurization wastewater bypass evaporation systems using hybrid artificial neural networks","authors":"Heng Chen ,&nbsp;Suoqi Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Zhan ,&nbsp;Zhihao Li ,&nbsp;Yurui Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Jinbo ,&nbsp;Linjun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flue gas evaporation technology for desulfurization wastewater was a mainstream technique to achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD). However, this technology required extracting a portion of the hot flue gas at the air preheater inlet, which reduced boiler efficiency and increased coal consumption. To accurately predict the energy consumption increase caused by flue gas extraction, this work proposed a hybrid predictive model that combines mechanistic modelling with an artificial neural network (ANN). Using operational data from a 660 MW power plant in Guangdong province as a sample, six parameters were selected as inputs to establish an energy consumption prediction model for the flue gas evaporation technology. The optimal structure of the model is 6 (Input layers) - 9 (Hidden layers) - 1 (Output layer), achieving an R² of 0.99478, with the relative prediction error fluctuating around 1 %, indicating overall good predictive performance. Furthermore, predictions were conducted for four typical operating conditions, with operational costs ranging from 18.21 to 24.5 CNY/m³ . The gas-to-liquid evaporation ratio was identified as a critical parameter affecting energy consumption. The recommended gas-to-liquid ratio range of 10,000–12,000 Nm³ /m³ could ensure complete wastewater evaporation while maintaining relatively low energy consumption. Additionally, this work reviewed two other ZLD demonstration projects, with operational costs for wastewater management around 20 CNY/m³ . The findings of this work supported the low-energy operation of flue gas evaporation technology for wastewater treatment and provided theoretical and technical guidance for ZLD processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}