Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.026
Aswin Chandrasekar, Prashant Mhaskar
This manuscript considers batch process operations and addresses the challenge of identifying a model that synergistically captures the dynamic input–output behavior of continuously measured variables along with the quality variables measured only at batch termination. To this end, an optimization-based framework is developed to identify one model that captures both the dynamics between the inputs and the continuously measured output variables, measurements of which are available at every time step, and the relation between the dynamic “state” information and the terminal quality measurements. Existing approaches either do not identify the dynamic and the quality model simultaneously, or they simply connect the whole trajectory of the process variables with the qualities and do not address the dynamic relationship between the inputs and the process variables. The improved modelling performance of the model obtained from this approach is demonstrated using data from a Uni-axial Rotational Molding process, and compared with existing modelling approaches.
{"title":"An Integrated Dynamic and Quality Modeling Framework for Batch Processes","authors":"Aswin Chandrasekar, Prashant Mhaskar","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript considers batch process operations and addresses the challenge of identifying a model that synergistically captures the dynamic input–output behavior of continuously measured variables along with the quality variables measured only at batch termination. To this end, an optimization-based framework is developed to identify one model that captures both the dynamics between the inputs and the continuously measured output variables, measurements of which are available at every time step, and the relation between the dynamic “state” information and the terminal quality measurements. Existing approaches either do not identify the dynamic and the quality model simultaneously, or they simply connect the whole trajectory of the process variables with the qualities and do not address the dynamic relationship between the inputs and the process variables. The improved modelling performance of the model obtained from this approach is demonstrated using data from a Uni-axial Rotational Molding process, and compared with existing modelling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 698-706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.028
Luis R. Barajas-Villarruel, Wendy G. Flores-Guerrero, Vicente Rico-Ramirez, Edgar O. Castrejón-González
This work presents a mathematical programming model for the optimal decision making on the supply chain of lithium and lithium compounds in a macroscopic system. The model considers the exploitation of the economically feasible natural sources; it also considers the processing and purification stages as well as the transportation costs needed to satisfy the demand of the several lithium applications, such as Li-ion batteries. Given the significance of circular economy, a discussion on the remanufacturing and recycling of the battery components is also included. Currently, there is no exploitation and production of lithium in Mexico; however, since Mexico is the 7th vehicle manufacturer in the world, information from the potential Lithium deposits in Mexico and its corresponding demands are used to explore the potential and the techno-economic decision making required within such a supply chain.
{"title":"A mathematical programming model for the supply chain of lithium in a macroscopic system: The case-study of Mexico","authors":"Luis R. Barajas-Villarruel, Wendy G. Flores-Guerrero, Vicente Rico-Ramirez, Edgar O. Castrejón-González","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a mathematical programming model for the optimal decision making on the supply chain of lithium and lithium compounds in a macroscopic system. The model considers the exploitation of the economically feasible natural sources; it also considers the processing and purification stages as well as the transportation costs needed to satisfy the demand of the several lithium applications, such as Li-ion batteries. Given the significance of circular economy, a discussion on the remanufacturing and recycling of the battery components is also included. Currently, there is no exploitation and production of lithium in Mexico; however, since Mexico is the 7th vehicle manufacturer in the world, information from the potential Lithium deposits in Mexico and its corresponding demands are used to explore the potential and the techno-economic decision making required within such a supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"211 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cost-effective, simple, and earth friendly nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized by in - situ penetration of ceria nanocrystals on graphite to remove aqueous selenium (IV) and tellurium (IV). Batch experiments optimize parameters such as pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and equilibration time of 30 minutes. The adsorbent exhibited the maximum adsorption capacities of 144.5 mg/g for Te(IV) and 29.3 mg/g for Se(IV). BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 16.44 m²/g, an average pore diameter of 4.24 nm, and a high pore volume of 0.0519 cm³/g. The adsorbent was characterized before and after adsorption by SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR. The sorption data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model for both Se and Te and by the DR isotherm for Te(IV) at ambient temperature. Kinetic empirical data correlated positively with pseudosecond order for both Se and Te and the Elovich model for Te at room temperature. Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms suggested that the adsorption occurred through surface adsorption using electrostatic bonding along with physisorption involving steady diffusion and accommodation of analyte ions into mesopores and defects of the adsorbent. Chemisorption by electron transfer of the oxyanions of Se/Te with Ce3+/Ce4+ of the cerium impregnated graphite (CIAG) and ion exchange with functional groups on the activated graphite edges were other probable mechanisms. The adsorbent demonstrated the ability to be regenerated and reused over multiple cycles, with minimal interference from coexisting ions emphasizing its selectivity. All measurements were conducted in triplicate with the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5 %. The optimised method was successfully applied in natural water samples from various sources, demonstrating strong potential for scaling up to field applications.
{"title":"A detailed practical and theoretical study of the adsorptive potential of synthesised ceria impregnated activated graphite for aqueous Se(IV) and Te(IV) removal: Process optimisation, characterisation and mechanistic approach","authors":"Sajitha Nair , P.Naveen Kumar , Roopa Bose , Smeer Durani , M. Pandurangappa","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cost-effective, simple, and earth friendly nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized by in - situ penetration of ceria nanocrystals on graphite to remove aqueous selenium (IV) and tellurium (IV). Batch experiments optimize parameters such as pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and equilibration time of 30 minutes. The adsorbent exhibited the maximum adsorption capacities of 144.5 mg/g for Te(IV) and 29.3 mg/g for Se(IV). BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 16.44 m²/g, an average pore diameter of 4.24 nm, and a high pore volume of 0.0519 cm³/g. The adsorbent was characterized before and after adsorption by SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR. The sorption data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model for both Se and Te and by the DR isotherm for Te(IV) at ambient temperature. Kinetic empirical data correlated positively with pseudosecond order for both Se and Te and the Elovich model for Te at room temperature. Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms suggested that the adsorption occurred through surface adsorption using electrostatic bonding along with physisorption involving steady diffusion and accommodation of analyte ions into mesopores and defects of the adsorbent. Chemisorption by electron transfer of the oxyanions of Se/Te with Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> of the cerium impregnated graphite (CIAG) and ion exchange with functional groups on the activated graphite edges were other probable mechanisms. The adsorbent demonstrated the ability to be regenerated and reused over multiple cycles, with minimal interference from coexisting ions emphasizing its selectivity. All measurements were conducted in triplicate with the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5 %. The optimised method was successfully applied in natural water samples from various sources, demonstrating strong potential for scaling up to field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 648-663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.021
Ameena Kiran , Tanzila Anjum , Asim Laeeq Khan , Hamad AlMohamadi , Sana Kiran , Mazhar Amjad Gilani , Muhammad Aslam , Mohammad Younas , R. Nawaz , Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi , Muhammad Yasin
The development of metal-organic framework (MOF) based membranes has shown great potential to address the bottlenecks in industrial wastewater treatment. This study emphasized a novel approach involving a zirconium-based MOF (Zr-MA-MOF) with mercaptosuccinic acid (MA) as a ligand for fabricating mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These MMMs were fabricated using a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix embedded with different nanofiller loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt%. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of Zr-MA-MOF loadings on the membrane morphology and functional performance, particularly focusing on pure water flux, rejection of salts, heavy metals, and dyes, antifouling properties, and long-term stability. The MMM with a loading of 0.75 wt% Zr-MA-MOF emerged as a standout performer, delivering an exceptional water flux of 71 Lm−2h−1 and rejection efficiencies of 80, 74, and 99 % for divalent magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), monovalent sodium chloride (NaCl), and dyes (including methylene blue, congo red, and rose bengal), respectively. The heavy metal rejection capabilities of the Zr-MA-MOF membrane were equally remarkable, with rejection rates of 90, 92, and 94 % for arsenic, chromium, and aluminum ions, respectively. Furthermore, a flux recovery ratio of 92 % showcased the great potential for sustainable industrial applications. These findings revealed that the integration of Zr-MA-MOF into membrane technology holds great potential for water treatment processes, catering to both human consumption and industrial applications for diverse wastewater treatment needs.
{"title":"Enhancing water purification efficiency with zirconium-mercaptosuccinic acid metal-organic framework integrated mixed matrix membranes: Synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and performance insights","authors":"Ameena Kiran , Tanzila Anjum , Asim Laeeq Khan , Hamad AlMohamadi , Sana Kiran , Mazhar Amjad Gilani , Muhammad Aslam , Mohammad Younas , R. Nawaz , Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi , Muhammad Yasin","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of metal-organic framework (MOF) based membranes has shown great potential to address the bottlenecks in industrial wastewater treatment. This study emphasized a novel approach involving a zirconium-based MOF (Zr-MA-MOF) with mercaptosuccinic acid (MA) as a ligand for fabricating mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These MMMs were fabricated using a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix embedded with different nanofiller loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt%. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of Zr-MA-MOF loadings on the membrane morphology and functional performance, particularly focusing on pure water flux, rejection of salts, heavy metals, and dyes, antifouling properties, and long-term stability. The MMM with a loading of 0.75 wt% Zr-MA-MOF emerged as a standout performer, delivering an exceptional water flux of 71 Lm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> and rejection efficiencies of 80, 74, and 99 % for divalent magnesium sulfate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>), monovalent sodium chloride (NaCl), and dyes (including methylene blue, congo red, and rose bengal), respectively. The heavy metal rejection capabilities of the Zr-MA-MOF membrane were equally remarkable, with rejection rates of 90, 92, and 94 % for arsenic, chromium, and aluminum ions, respectively. Furthermore, a flux recovery ratio of 92 % showcased the great potential for sustainable industrial applications. These findings revealed that the integration of Zr-MA-MOF into membrane technology holds great potential for water treatment processes, catering to both human consumption and industrial applications for diverse wastewater treatment needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"211 ","pages":"Pages 9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.013
Lucas Oliveira Cardoso , Bruno Santos Conceição , Márcio Luis Lyra Paredes , Silvana Mattedi
This paper describes multicomponent solubilities in ionic liquids using non-associative and associative equations of state (EoS). The parameterization routine was developed from liquid density and speed of sound data as an implementation procedure confirmed with the Aspen Plus simulator, which was used to evaluate the EoS’ phase equilibrium predictive performance. The [EMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][NTf2] ionic liquids were employed in this work. PC-SAFT with the 4 C associative scheme showed the best results in fitting the density and speed of sound curves. The deviation for [EMIM][BF4] was 0.12 % and 0.02 %, respectively, while for [BMIM][NTf2] was 0.05 % and 0.57 %, respectively. Regarding vapor-liquid equilibria, the CPA and PC-SAFT models presented the best predictive results, while PC-SAFT (4 C) presented, in general, a better fit for the binaries studied. The binary interaction parameter is near zero using PC-SAFT for C4+. So, we recommend using PC-SAFT with =0 between ionic liquids and C5+ or heavier hydrocarbons.
{"title":"Investigation of interaction binary parameters for solubilities of the natural gas components in ionic liquids with EoS for predicting phase behavior","authors":"Lucas Oliveira Cardoso , Bruno Santos Conceição , Márcio Luis Lyra Paredes , Silvana Mattedi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes multicomponent solubilities in ionic liquids using non-associative and associative equations of state (EoS). The parameterization routine was developed from liquid density and speed of sound data as an implementation procedure confirmed with the Aspen Plus simulator, which was used to evaluate the EoS’ phase equilibrium predictive performance. The [EMIM][BF<sub>4</sub>] and [BMIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>] ionic liquids were employed in this work. PC-SAFT with the 4 C associative scheme showed the best results in fitting the density and speed of sound curves. The deviation for [EMIM][BF<sub>4</sub>] was 0.12 % and 0.02 %, respectively, while for [BMIM][NTf<sub>2</sub>] was 0.05 % and 0.57 %, respectively. Regarding vapor-liquid equilibria, the CPA and PC-SAFT models presented the best predictive results, while PC-SAFT (4 C) presented, in general, a better fit for the binaries studied. The binary interaction parameter <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ij</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> is near zero using PC-SAFT for C<sub>4+</sub>. So, we recommend using PC-SAFT with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ij</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>=0 between ionic liquids and C<sub>5+</sub> or heavier hydrocarbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 684-697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.007
Mingu Zhou , Xinhuan Cao , Lei Yang , Wenjing Wang , Haihua Wang , Zhenyu Li
As a cost-effective and sustainable technique, the hybrid forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) system has been conceptually demonstrated for the non-thermal concentration of skim milk and the regeneration of draw solution (DS). The FO unit was employed to concentrate skim milk, achieving up to a 2.91-fold based on total soluble solids (TSS) within 24 h. Meanwhile, the MD unit was used for the regeneration of the diluted DS from the FO process, restoring its high osmotic pressure. Enzymatic cleaning containing 0.1 % trypsin and 0.1 % lactase proved to be the most efficient cleaning method to restore water flux. The diluted DS from FO could be reconcentrated to its original level using MD process. The analysis of membrane fouling revealed that proteins and polysaccharides were the primary constituents of the fouling layer during the concentration of skim milk. The degree of membrane fouling was affected by the driving force and hydrodynamic conditions. Furthermore, the hybrid FO-MD system showed superior performance, with energy consumption nearly 50 % lower than that of traditional evaporator. Overall, this work provides a scientific and engineering foundation for the potential application of the FO-MD process in the non-thermal concentration of skim milk and the recovery of DS.
{"title":"A green approach for non-thermal concentration of skim milk by forward osmosis combined with membrane distillation for draw solution regeneration","authors":"Mingu Zhou , Xinhuan Cao , Lei Yang , Wenjing Wang , Haihua Wang , Zhenyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a cost-effective and sustainable technique, the hybrid forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) system has been conceptually demonstrated for the non-thermal concentration of skim milk and the regeneration of draw solution (DS). The FO unit was employed to concentrate skim milk, achieving up to a 2.91-fold based on total soluble solids (TSS) within 24 h. Meanwhile, the MD unit was used for the regeneration of the diluted DS from the FO process, restoring its high osmotic pressure. Enzymatic cleaning containing 0.1 % trypsin and 0.1 % lactase proved to be the most efficient cleaning method to restore water flux. The diluted DS from FO could be reconcentrated to its original level using MD process. The analysis of membrane fouling revealed that proteins and polysaccharides were the primary constituents of the fouling layer during the concentration of skim milk. The degree of membrane fouling was affected by the driving force and hydrodynamic conditions. Furthermore, the hybrid FO-MD system showed superior performance, with energy consumption nearly 50 % lower than that of traditional evaporator. Overall, this work provides a scientific and engineering foundation for the potential application of the FO-MD process in the non-thermal concentration of skim milk and the recovery of DS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 469-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.027
Qiankun Liu , Shibo Wang , Jianxin Xu , Hui Sun , Hua Wang
This paper introduces the Chebyshev non-periodic chaotic stirring speed based on chaos theory. Additionally, it constructs the DEM-VOF coupled computational model to investigate non-periodic mixing within the reactor system. Numerical calculations are employed to compare and analyze Constant Stirring Speed (CSS) with Chebyshev Non-Periodic Chaotic Stirring Speed and its reverse (CRS, CRS-R). The results indicate that the number of particles deposited at the bottom of end diffusion decreases by 54.3 %. Moreover, it samples particle concentration per unit volume, resulting in a 70.3 % decrease in the Relative Concentration Standard Deviation (RCSD) of particles. Furthermore, it quantifies the mixing effect based on the distribution of distances between particles, leading to a 20.3 % increase in the Unit Block Mixing Index (UBMI). In conclusion, this study improves particle distribution characteristics by utilizing appropriate non-periodic variable speed intervals. Additionally, it provides technical support for production scenarios involving the mixing and dispersion of multiphase non-homogeneous systems.
{"title":"Enhanced particle mixing performance of liquid-solid reactor under non-periodic chaotic stirring","authors":"Qiankun Liu , Shibo Wang , Jianxin Xu , Hui Sun , Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces the Chebyshev non-periodic chaotic stirring speed based on chaos theory. Additionally, it constructs the DEM-VOF coupled computational model to investigate non-periodic mixing within the reactor system. Numerical calculations are employed to compare and analyze Constant Stirring Speed (CSS) with Chebyshev Non-Periodic Chaotic Stirring Speed and its reverse (CRS, CRS-R). The results indicate that the number of particles deposited at the bottom of end diffusion decreases by 54.3 %. Moreover, it samples particle concentration per unit volume, resulting in a 70.3 % decrease in the Relative Concentration Standard Deviation (RCSD) of particles. Furthermore, it quantifies the mixing effect based on the distribution of distances between particles, leading to a 20.3 % increase in the Unit Block Mixing Index (UBMI). In conclusion, this study improves particle distribution characteristics by utilizing appropriate non-periodic variable speed intervals. Additionally, it provides technical support for production scenarios involving the mixing and dispersion of multiphase non-homogeneous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"211 ","pages":"Pages 78-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.023
Bo Lv , Wen Fan , Yutong Jiao , Xiaowei Deng , Baolin Xing
The coking middlings remaining after the production of coking coal contain a significant amount of clean coal, which has the high economic and environmental value if it can be effectively enriched. To improve resource utilization and avoid the negative environmental impacts of coking middlings, this study evaluated a new comprehensive separation process (i.e., pre-gravity separation in liquid-solid fluidized bed and subsequent flotation) to achieve high-yield recovery of clean coal from coking middlings. Preliminary enrichment by gravity separation achieved a combustible recovery rate, a clean-coal yield, and an ash content of 64.43 %, 49.62 %, and 15.89 %, respectively. This product was ground for 20 min to further dissociate clean coal and inorganic minerals and was further enriched by flotation separation. Under optimal flotation conditions (rotational speed, 2200 rpm; mass of collector, 2 kg/t; mass of frother, 200 g/t; and pulp concentration, 40 g/L), a clean-coal combustible recovery rate of 84.19 % was achieved. Overall, the comprehensive separation process achieved a clean-coal product with a high yield of 38.82 % and low ash content of 9.08 %, which is suitable for use as coking coal for steel plants. The tailings, with an ash content of 51.49 % and a yield of 61.18 %, are suitable as fuel for power plants. Therefore, the comprehensive separation process provides good economic benefits.
{"title":"Deep recovery of clean coal from coking middlings: Pre-separation in liquid-solid fluidized bed and subsequent flotation","authors":"Bo Lv , Wen Fan , Yutong Jiao , Xiaowei Deng , Baolin Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coking middlings remaining after the production of coking coal contain a significant amount of clean coal, which has the high economic and environmental value if it can be effectively enriched. To improve resource utilization and avoid the negative environmental impacts of coking middlings, this study evaluated a new comprehensive separation process (i.e., pre-gravity separation in liquid-solid fluidized bed and subsequent flotation) to achieve high-yield recovery of clean coal from coking middlings. Preliminary enrichment by gravity separation achieved a combustible recovery rate, a clean-coal yield, and an ash content of 64.43 %, 49.62 %, and 15.89 %, respectively. This product was ground for 20 min to further dissociate clean coal and inorganic minerals and was further enriched by flotation separation. Under optimal flotation conditions (rotational speed, 2200 rpm; mass of collector, 2 kg/t; mass of frother, 200 g/t; and pulp concentration, 40 g/L), a clean-coal combustible recovery rate of 84.19 % was achieved. Overall, the comprehensive separation process achieved a clean-coal product with a high yield of 38.82 % and low ash content of 9.08 %, which is suitable for use as coking coal for steel plants. The tailings, with an ash content of 51.49 % and a yield of 61.18 %, are suitable as fuel for power plants. Therefore, the comprehensive separation process provides good economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 605-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.024
Omar Abdul Majid, Rainier Hreiz
Through the illustrative application of biogas treatment, this paper investigates the impact of concentration polarization on the separation performance of emerging inorganic membranes in membrane gas separation processes. The results show that polarization may significantly reduce the biogas purification rate, although its effects on methane recovery remain moderate. Contrary to previous assumptions, the impact of polarization does not monotonously increase with increasing permeance to CO2 and selectivity. Material selectivity is shown to not significantly influence the polarization intensity, and the CO2 permeance at which peak polarization conditions occur is not constant but varies depending on the operating and geometric conditions considered. The impact of polarization impact intensifies with increasing fiber diameter and operating pressure, preventing taking full advantage of the exceptional permeances of inorganic membranes, and therefore, constitutes a major obstacle to their use as an alternative to conventional polymeric fibers.
{"title":"Impact of concentration polarization on the performance of membrane gas separation processes: application to biogas upgrading","authors":"Omar Abdul Majid, Rainier Hreiz","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Through the illustrative application of biogas treatment, this paper investigates the impact of concentration polarization on the separation performance of emerging inorganic membranes in membrane gas separation processes. The results show that polarization may significantly reduce the biogas purification rate, although its effects on methane recovery remain moderate. Contrary to previous assumptions, the impact of polarization does not monotonously increase with increasing permeance to CO<sub>2</sub> and selectivity. Material selectivity is shown to not significantly influence the polarization intensity, and the CO<sub>2</sub> permeance at which peak polarization conditions occur is not constant but varies depending on the operating and geometric conditions considered. The impact of polarization impact intensifies with increasing fiber diameter and operating pressure, preventing taking full advantage of the exceptional permeances of inorganic membranes, and therefore, constitutes a major obstacle to their use as an alternative to conventional polymeric fibers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 543-557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the constraint of polyether block amide (PEBA) membrane in separating CO2 from N2, this study focused on developing PEBA/CNC-EGME mixed matrix membranes featuring an interconnected network. Crystal nano cellulose (CNC) bio-based fillers were employed as fixed fillers in these membranes, while ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (EGME) served as a semi-mobile agent. Various membranes were prepared by adding different ratios of CNC solution to PEBA and PEBA-EGME solutions. The structure and separation performance of these membranes were then examined using various techniques. It was observed that the membranes containing higher ratios of CNC exhibited superior performance compared to the Robeson upper bound line. This can be attributed to an adequate amount of CNC fillers, which enabled the establishment of an interconnected structure across the membrane width. As a result, these membranes were able to overcome the trade-off limitation and achieve higher performance. Among the fabricated membranes, the P1CNC1 membrane demonstrated the top performance, with a CO2/N2 selectivity of 113 and CO2 permeability of 100.75 Barrer. In the membranes where EGME is combined with CNC, the presence of EGME molecules as semi-mobile agents alongside CNC fillers successfully addressed the dissociation of the CO2 transport mechanism at low CNC ratios. This behavior allowed the establishment of interconnected networks even at low CNC ratios, enabling all membranes containing CNC and EGME to surpass the Robeson upper bound line. Notably, the P3CNC1EGME membrane exhibited the highest CO2 permeability (111 Barrer), and the P1CNC1EGME membrane demonstrated the highest CO2/N2 selectivity (121.9), which were 30 % and 166 % higher than those of the pure membrane, respectively.
{"title":"PEBA/CNC-EGME mixed matrix membrane with interconnected networks for enhanced CO2 separation","authors":"Mahdi Elyasi Kojabad , Omid Mohammadi Moinalzoafa , AmirM. Norouzi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the constraint of polyether block amide (PEBA) membrane in separating CO<sub>2</sub> from N<sub>2</sub>, this study focused on developing PEBA/CNC-EGME mixed matrix membranes featuring an interconnected network. Crystal nano cellulose (CNC) bio-based fillers were employed as fixed fillers in these membranes, while ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (EGME) served as a semi-mobile agent. Various membranes were prepared by adding different ratios of CNC solution to PEBA and PEBA-EGME solutions. The structure and separation performance of these membranes were then examined using various techniques. It was observed that the membranes containing higher ratios of CNC exhibited superior performance compared to the Robeson upper bound line. This can be attributed to an adequate amount of CNC fillers, which enabled the establishment of an interconnected structure across the membrane width. As a result, these membranes were able to overcome the trade-off limitation and achieve higher performance. Among the fabricated membranes, the P1CNC1 membrane demonstrated the top performance, with a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 113 and CO<sub>2</sub> permeability of 100.75 Barrer. In the membranes where EGME is combined with CNC, the presence of EGME molecules as semi-mobile agents alongside CNC fillers successfully addressed the dissociation of the CO<sub>2</sub> transport mechanism at low CNC ratios. This behavior allowed the establishment of interconnected networks even at low CNC ratios, enabling all membranes containing CNC and EGME to surpass the Robeson upper bound line. Notably, the P3CNC1EGME membrane exhibited the highest CO<sub>2</sub> permeability (111 Barrer), and the P1CNC1EGME membrane demonstrated the highest CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity (121.9), which were 30 % and 166 % higher than those of the pure membrane, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"210 ","pages":"Pages 568-578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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