Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献_第8页

Effect of enclosure design with composite/nano-enhanced/dual phase change material on melting response of latent heat storage systems

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027

Md Tabrez Alam , Vivek Garg , Vikash Soni, Anoop K. Gupta

This numerical work employs the Enthalpy-Porosity methodology to examine the melting behaviour in variously shaped enclosures (of equal area) utilized in the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) units integrated with the phase change material (PCM). Systems of single PCM (n-Octadecane), dual PCM (n-Octadecane as PCM 1 and Capric acid as PCM 2), nano-enhanced PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with the multi-walled CNTs), and composite PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with Cu metal foam) have been compared under 11 distinct enclosure geometries subject to the uniform heat flux of 500 W/m². The Prandtl numbers (Pr) were determined as 57.1 for liquid PCM 1 and 41.8 for liquid PCM 2. Under the studied parameters, the Grashof number (Gr) ranged from 0.55 × 10⁵ to 5.03 × 10⁵ and the Stefan number (Ste) valued from 0.44 to 0.76, providing key insights into the heat transfer and phase change dynamics of the system. Initial findings reveal a uniform melting rate across all the geometries dominated by the conductive heat transfer. Over time, as the natural convection overshadows conduction, the horizontal rectangular geometry exhibits the fastest melting and thus emerges as the most efficient thermal energy storage system. Notably, in the dual PCM systems, the arrangement of PCM 1 within PCM 2 (configuration-1) suppresses the melting of PCM 2 until its melting point is reached and proves to be the superior to the configuration-2 (i.e., allocation of PCM 2 within PCM 1) where the simultaneous melting of both PCMs is seen. The incorporation of both the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper metal foam (MF) into PCM matrix significantly boosts the thermal conductivity thereby accelerating the melting rates across all the enclosure shapes with the horizontal rectangle performing the best.

{"title":"Effect of enclosure design with composite/nano-enhanced/dual phase change material on melting response of latent heat storage systems","authors":"Md Tabrez Alam , Vivek Garg , Vikash Soni, Anoop K. Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This numerical work employs the Enthalpy-Porosity methodology to examine the melting behaviour in variously shaped enclosures (of equal area) utilized in the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) units integrated with the phase change material (PCM). Systems of single PCM (n-Octadecane), dual PCM (n-Octadecane as PCM 1 and Capric acid as PCM 2), nano-enhanced PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with the multi-walled CNTs), and composite PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with Cu metal foam) have been compared under 11 distinct enclosure geometries subject to the uniform heat flux of 500 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The Prandtl numbers (<em>Pr</em>) were determined as 57.1 for liquid PCM 1 and 41.8 for liquid PCM 2. Under the studied parameters, the Grashof number (<em>Gr</em>) ranged from 0.55 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 5.03 × 10<sup>5</sup> and the Stefan number (<em>Ste</em>) valued from 0.44 to 0.76, providing key insights into the heat transfer and phase change dynamics of the system. Initial findings reveal a uniform melting rate across all the geometries dominated by the conductive heat transfer. Over time, as the natural convection overshadows conduction, the horizontal rectangular geometry exhibits the fastest melting and thus emerges as the most efficient thermal energy storage system. Notably, in the dual PCM systems, the arrangement of PCM 1 within PCM 2 (configuration-1) suppresses the melting of PCM 2 until its melting point is reached and proves to be the superior to the configuration-2 (i.e., allocation of PCM 2 within PCM 1) where the simultaneous melting of both PCMs is seen. The incorporation of both the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper metal foam (MF) into PCM matrix significantly boosts the thermal conductivity thereby accelerating the melting rates across all the enclosure shapes with the horizontal rectangle performing the best.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 125-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomass fly-ash derived Li4SiO4 solid for pilot-scale CO2 capture, Part I: Modelling for a waste to capture CO2 process

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036

Samantha A. Usas, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval

This work presents a new modelled system of a biomass-based lithium orthosilicate solid adsorbent derived from industrial biomass fly-ash used to capture CO₂ from power plant flue gas emissions. The model includes pre-treatment of biomass fly-ash, the synthesis of adsorbent, which utilizes fly-ash as the silicone source and a laboratory produced lithium source, the adsorption of CO₂ from flue gas, and regeneration of adsorbent. The study compares the results from pre-treated and non-pre-treated biomass fly-ash, with benchmark CO₂ capture rates of 87 % and 89.7 %, respectively and a maximum CO₂ capture rate of 93.23 %. Key insights from the scenarios considered in this work show that an increased CO₂ flue gas composition requires higher adsorbent mass and the most effective flue gas volume to adsorbent mass ratio between 3.7–4.1; additionally, higher regeneration temperatures result in improved CO₂ capture while pre-treatment of fly-ash does not impact regeneration kinetics. Energy analysis show that the pre-treated fly-ash adsorbent is more efficient than the non-pretreated adsorbent but is not superior to amine-based post-combustion carbon capture. If effective heat integration were to be incorporated for the pre-treated and non-pre-treated adsorption processes, energy consumption could be reduced by 54 % and 85 % compared to amine-based capture, respectively. Cost analysis indicated that by incorporating a recycle stream for pre-treatment wastewater and altering the acid to solid ratio during pre-treatment acid wash, process costs may be reduced over 20 % making this a feasible alternative carbon capture process.

{"title":"Biomass fly-ash derived Li4SiO4 solid for pilot-scale CO2 capture, Part I: Modelling for a waste to capture CO2 process","authors":"Samantha A. Usas, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a new modelled system of a biomass-based lithium orthosilicate solid adsorbent derived from industrial biomass fly-ash used to capture CO<sub>2</sub> from power plant flue gas emissions. The model includes pre-treatment of biomass fly-ash, the synthesis of adsorbent, which utilizes fly-ash as the silicone source and a laboratory produced lithium source, the adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas, and regeneration of adsorbent. The study compares the results from pre-treated and non-pre-treated biomass fly-ash, with benchmark CO<sub>2</sub> capture rates of 87 % and 89.7 %, respectively and a maximum CO<sub>2</sub> capture rate of 93.23 %. Key insights from the scenarios considered in this work show that an increased CO<sub>2</sub> flue gas composition requires higher adsorbent mass and the most effective flue gas volume to adsorbent mass ratio between 3.7–4.1; additionally, higher regeneration temperatures result in improved CO<sub>2</sub> capture while pre-treatment of fly-ash does not impact regeneration kinetics. Energy analysis show that the pre-treated fly-ash adsorbent is more efficient than the non-pretreated adsorbent but is not superior to amine-based post-combustion carbon capture. If effective heat integration were to be incorporated for the pre-treated and non-pre-treated adsorption processes, energy consumption could be reduced by 54 % and 85 % compared to amine-based capture, respectively. Cost analysis indicated that by incorporating a recycle stream for pre-treatment wastewater and altering the acid to solid ratio during pre-treatment acid wash, process costs may be reduced over 20 % making this a feasible alternative carbon capture process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural and property analysis of different components in coal liquefaction residue raffinate based on density separation

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.032

Wenwen Dai , Xiaoshan Pei , Huijun Chen , Ruizhi Dou , Changfu Feng , Qingyu Liu , Panpan Fan , Weiren Bao , Jiancheng Wang , Minqiang Fan , Lianping Dong

Given China's coal-centric energy structure, direct coal liquefaction technology assumes a pivotal role in addressing oil shortages and ensuring stable energy supplies. Efficient handling of copious residues from liquefaction, alongside environmental concerns, poses a major challenge

the technology of direct coal liquefaction is crucial for alleviating oil shortages and ensuring energy security. The effective utilization of the vast amount of residual sludge generated from re-utilization of coke oven residues and the issues of their environmental impact are becoming key challenges.

This study applies float-sink separation to stratify coal liquefaction residue raffinate into six density distributions, employing advanced analytical techniques (SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman, elemental analysis, XRF, XPS, TGA) to probe the structures and properties across these densities. Findings reveal a predominately fine particle size with a median diameter (D50) of 12.1μm, peaking at a density of 1.6–1.8 g/cm³ . Increasing density correlates with heightened ash and sulfur content, diminishing carbon content, which reduces combustibility, decelerates burning velocity, and lowers weight loss. Enhanced crystallinity of SiO₂ and CaCO₃ is noted. Samples below 2.0 g/cm³ exhibit higher carbon content and superior graphitization, contrasting with higher densities revealing greater disorder. Changes in sulfur's chemical bonding states across densities highlight transformations among pyrite, organic sulfur, and sulfates. Rising density corresponds to declining combustibility and degraded combustion performance. These outcomes furnish a foundational theory for the resource recovery and exploitation of coal liquefaction residue raffinate.

{"title":"Structural and property analysis of different components in coal liquefaction residue raffinate based on density separation","authors":"Wenwen Dai , Xiaoshan Pei , Huijun Chen , Ruizhi Dou , Changfu Feng , Qingyu Liu , Panpan Fan , Weiren Bao , Jiancheng Wang , Minqiang Fan , Lianping Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given China's coal-centric energy structure, direct coal liquefaction technology assumes a pivotal role in addressing oil shortages and ensuring stable energy supplies. Efficient handling of copious residues from liquefaction, alongside environmental concerns, poses a major challenge</div><div>the technology of direct coal liquefaction is crucial for alleviating oil shortages and ensuring energy security. The effective utilization of the vast amount of residual sludge generated from re-utilization of coke oven residues and the issues of their environmental impact are becoming key challenges.</div><div>This study applies float-sink separation to stratify coal liquefaction residue raffinate into six density distributions, employing advanced analytical techniques (SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman, elemental analysis, XRF, XPS, TGA) to probe the structures and properties across these densities. Findings reveal a predominately fine particle size with a median diameter (D50) of 12.1μm, peaking at a density of 1.6–1.8 g/cm³ . Increasing density correlates with heightened ash and sulfur content, diminishing carbon content, which reduces combustibility, decelerates burning velocity, and lowers weight loss. Enhanced crystallinity of SiO<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> is noted. Samples below 2.0 g/cm³ exhibit higher carbon content and superior graphitization, contrasting with higher densities revealing greater disorder. Changes in sulfur's chemical bonding states across densities highlight transformations among pyrite, organic sulfur, and sulfates. Rising density corresponds to declining combustibility and degraded combustion performance. These outcomes furnish a foundational theory for the resource recovery and exploitation of coal liquefaction residue raffinate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the mixing characteristics of multiphase in nonlinear blowing-stirring systems and experimental application

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.047

Huiqiang Yang , Li Wang , Shibo Wang , Yongxing Zheng , Hua Wang

The mixing efficiency of multiphase flow in mechanical mixing and mechanical mixing coupled with uniform-blowing (UB) systems is poor in the chemical industry. To enhance the mixing efficiency of multiphase flow in the reactor, a mechanical mixing system coupled with variable-speed blowing (VSB) system was proposed. The VSB mixing system was designed and applied to the experiment of leaching indium from the waste indium tin oxide (ITO) target. The discrete element method−volume of fluid (DEM-VOF) model was used to study the flow state, movement information, and distribution uniformity of particles in the VSB system. The average relative standard deviation (RSD) for the without-blowing (WB), UB, and VSB mixing systems was 0.89, 0.72, and 0.68, respectively. The average RSD of the VSB system was 30.61 % and 5.6 % lower than that in the WB system and the UB system, respectively. Therefore, the distribution uniformity of ITO powder in the VSB system is better. When the leaching time increased by 120 min, the leaching rates of indium in WB, UB, and VSB mixing systems were 75.26 %, 91.03 %, and 95.51 %, respectively. The leaching rate of indium in the VSB system, increased by 22.25 % and 4.48 % in contrast with the WB system and the UB system. Recycling the scarce metal indium plays a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability and meeting high industrial demand.

{"title":"Study on the mixing characteristics of multiphase in nonlinear blowing-stirring systems and experimental application","authors":"Huiqiang Yang , Li Wang , Shibo Wang , Yongxing Zheng , Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixing efficiency of multiphase flow in mechanical mixing and mechanical mixing coupled with uniform-blowing (UB) systems is poor in the chemical industry. To enhance the mixing efficiency of multiphase flow in the reactor, a mechanical mixing system coupled with variable-speed blowing (VSB) system was proposed. The VSB mixing system was designed and applied to the experiment of leaching indium from the waste indium tin oxide (ITO) target. The discrete element method−volume of fluid (DEM-VOF) model was used to study the flow state, movement information, and distribution uniformity of particles in the VSB system. The average relative standard deviation (RSD) for the without-blowing (WB), UB, and VSB mixing systems was 0.89, 0.72, and 0.68, respectively. The average RSD of the VSB system was 30.61 % and 5.6 % lower than that in the WB system and the UB system, respectively. Therefore, the distribution uniformity of ITO powder in the VSB system is better. When the leaching time increased by 120 min, the leaching rates of indium in WB, UB, and VSB mixing systems were 75.26 %, 91.03 %, and 95.51 %, respectively. The leaching rate of indium in the VSB system, increased by 22.25 % and 4.48 % in contrast with the WB system and the UB system. Recycling the scarce metal indium plays a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability and meeting high industrial demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study of thermal plasma gasification of an automobile waste under CO2 atmosphere for high calorific value syngas production

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.013

Uttkarsh Goyal, Roni Mallick, Prabu Vairakannu

Plastics in automobile waste pose major ecological issues since they are non-biodegradable and expensive to recycle, but can potentially be used to recover energy due to their high heating value. Therefore, the current study performs thermal plasma gasification of a car dashboard (CDB) in CO₂ atmosphere to convert into a tar-free syngas. CO₂ is chosen due to its environmental attention and ability to break the aromatic hydrocarbons by oxygen-free radicals formed under plasma. To measure the process yield, the influence of plasma power, CDB and CO₂ plasma gas flow rate is investigated. A maximum concentration of H₂ of 49.09 vol% and CO of 35.87 vol% are obtained at the highest plasma power of 1.12 kW. However, the maximum syngas yield (84.11 %), LHV (19.22 MJ/m³) and cold gas efficiency (67.70 %) are found for the optimum conditions of plasma power of 0.75 kW. The residue with high ash content (13 %) and LHV of 1.28 MJ/kg is obtained after plasma gasification as a by-product. The metals in ash such as Si, Ni, Al, etc., if recovered has valuable applications in the preparation of catalysts, pigments, glass making, etc.

{"title":"A preliminary study of thermal plasma gasification of an automobile waste under CO2 atmosphere for high calorific value syngas production","authors":"Uttkarsh Goyal, Roni Mallick, Prabu Vairakannu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics in automobile waste pose major ecological issues since they are non-biodegradable and expensive to recycle, but can potentially be used to recover energy due to their high heating value. Therefore, the current study performs thermal plasma gasification of a car dashboard (CDB) in CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere to convert into a tar-free syngas. CO<sub>2</sub> is chosen due to its environmental attention and ability to break the aromatic hydrocarbons by oxygen-free radicals formed under plasma. To measure the process yield, the influence of plasma power, CDB and CO<sub>2</sub> plasma gas flow rate is investigated. A maximum concentration of H<sub>2</sub> of 49.09 vol% and CO of 35.87 vol% are obtained at the highest plasma power of 1.12 kW. However, the maximum syngas yield (84.11 %), LHV (19.22 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and cold gas efficiency (67.70 %) are found for the optimum conditions of plasma power of 0.75 kW. The residue with high ash content (13 %) and LHV of 1.28 MJ/kg is obtained after plasma gasification as a by-product. The metals in ash such as Si, Ni, Al, etc., if recovered has valuable applications in the preparation of catalysts, pigments, glass making, etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 369-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of an intelligent system for modeling and optimization of perovskite-type catalysts for catalytic reduction of NO with CO

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.025

Ali Tarjomannejad , Parvaneh Nakhostin Panahi , Ali Farzi , Aligholi Niaei

In this paper, a hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) method was applied to design and optimize a perovskite catalyst for the reduction of NO with CO. A series of perovskite-type oxides with the general formula of La_1-xSr_x(Cu_1-yMn_y)_1-αPd_αO₃ were investigated. Catalysts were synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The effects of four design parameters (x, y, α, and calcination temperature) and reaction temperature as an operational variable on NO conversion were investigated by modeling the experimental data obtained in the experimental design. Based on the results, the optimum neural network architecture predicted NO conversion data with an acceptable level of correctness. The optimum neural network architecture was used as a capability function for the genetic algorithm to find the optimal catalyst. For catalyst optimization, the Pd mole fraction was set to 0.02. The values of other parameters in the optimum catalyst were as follows: Sr mole fraction of 0.175, Mn mole fraction of 0.596, and calcination temperature of 674.89°C. To investigate the structure, morphology, specific surface area, and reducibility, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR, XPS, and SEM.

{"title":"Design of an intelligent system for modeling and optimization of perovskite-type catalysts for catalytic reduction of NO with CO","authors":"Ali Tarjomannejad , Parvaneh Nakhostin Panahi , Ali Farzi , Aligholi Niaei","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) method was applied to design and optimize a perovskite catalyst for the reduction of NO with CO. A series of perovskite-type oxides with the general formula of La<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>(Cu<sub>1-y</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>)<sub>1-α</sub>Pd<sub>α</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were investigated. Catalysts were synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The effects of four design parameters (x, y, α, and calcination temperature) and reaction temperature as an operational variable on NO conversion were investigated by modeling the experimental data obtained in the experimental design. Based on the results, the optimum neural network architecture predicted NO conversion data with an acceptable level of correctness. The optimum neural network architecture was used as a capability function for the genetic algorithm to find the optimal catalyst. For catalyst optimization, the Pd mole fraction was set to 0.02. The values of other parameters in the optimum catalyst were as follows: Sr mole fraction of 0.175, Mn mole fraction of 0.596, and calcination temperature of 674.89°C. To investigate the structure, morphology, specific surface area, and reducibility, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, XPS, and SEM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling, simulation and design of a portable wastewater treatment plant: A new mechanistic dependent sedimentation model and computational algorithm

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.005

Prosper Eguono Ovuoraye , Akindele Oyetunde Okewale , Millionaire F.N. Abowei

The integration of various industrial wastewater treatment processes into a compact and efficient system aimed at reducing space and operational costs is economical for environmental stakeholders in this domain. This research focuses on the development of a kinetic-dependent sedimentation model and a simulation framework to enhance the efficiency of treating industrial wastewater in compact systems. The study used experimentally determined operating conditions, wastewater characteristics, and sludge concentration as parameters to study reaction rates and hydrodynamics for optimizing the dimensions of the treatment plant. The impact of varying reaction conversion on the performance indicators of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin was investigated at varying detention periods of 1.5–3 h, temperatures of 20–30 °C. The results showed that mechanistic and water parameters have a significant effect on the sludge hydrodynamics of the sedimentation model. The optimization statistics established a high correlation between reaction conversions, mixing power dissipation, and functional dimensions (radii and depths inclusive) of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin to 0.9490 ≤ R² ≥ 0.9630 at a 95 % confidence interval. An increase in the reaction conversion (X_A ≤ 0.9) was significant on the performance of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin to guarantee biodegradation of organics, colour removal, and the total solids to settle with 90 % efficiency in concentric circular tanks. The optimized design geometry satisfied the design criterion: surface overflow rate < settling velocity, clarifier radius > radius of the flocculation mix tank to allow coagulation-flocculation aided sedimentation treatment to satisfy effluent discharge.

{"title":"Modeling, simulation and design of a portable wastewater treatment plant: A new mechanistic dependent sedimentation model and computational algorithm","authors":"Prosper Eguono Ovuoraye , Akindele Oyetunde Okewale , Millionaire F.N. Abowei","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of various industrial wastewater treatment processes into a compact and efficient system aimed at reducing space and operational costs is economical for environmental stakeholders in this domain. This research focuses on the development of a kinetic-dependent sedimentation model and a simulation framework to enhance the efficiency of treating industrial wastewater in compact systems. The study used experimentally determined operating conditions, wastewater characteristics, and sludge concentration as parameters to study reaction rates and hydrodynamics for optimizing the dimensions of the treatment plant. The impact of varying reaction conversion on the performance indicators of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin was investigated at varying detention periods of 1.5–3 h, temperatures of 20–30 °C. The results showed that mechanistic and water parameters have a significant effect on the sludge hydrodynamics of the sedimentation model. The optimization statistics established a high correlation between reaction conversions, mixing power dissipation, and functional dimensions (radii and depths inclusive) of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin to 0.9490 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9630 at a 95 % confidence interval. An increase in the reaction conversion (X<sub>A</sub> ≤ 0.9) was significant on the performance of the flocculation mix tank and clarifier basin to guarantee biodegradation of organics, colour removal, and the total solids to settle with 90 % efficiency in concentric circular tanks. The optimized design geometry satisfied the design criterion: surface overflow rate < settling velocity, clarifier radius > radius of the flocculation mix tank to allow coagulation-flocculation aided sedimentation treatment to satisfy effluent discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modified orthogonal collocation for accurate flux-based material balance calculations in slab, cylindrical, and spherical geometries

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.030

Paôlla Chrystine Pinheiro Patrício, Melanie J. Hazlett, Alex De Visscher

This study addresses a challenge in the application of the weighted Orthogonal Collocation method for solving flux-based material balances in diffusion and reaction systems where Fick’s law is not applicable. The conventional approach encounters difficulties due to the non-zero gradient boundary condition of flux at

x =

0, which leads to increased errors and inaccuracies in the solution. To resolve this problem, a modification to the Orthogonal Collocation method is proposed, adjusted specifically to handle the complexities of flux-based material balances. The modified method adapts the traditional collocation approach, ensuring it can accommodate the boundary condition peculiarities inherent in these systems. Testing and comparison demonstrated that the modified method achieves accuracies comparable to the original Orthogonal Collocation method when applied to concentration-based material balances, whereas incorrect use of the original scheme leads to errors that are orders of magnitude greater.

{"title":"Modified orthogonal collocation for accurate flux-based material balance calculations in slab, cylindrical, and spherical geometries","authors":"Paôlla Chrystine Pinheiro Patrício, Melanie J. Hazlett, Alex De Visscher","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a challenge in the application of the weighted Orthogonal Collocation method for solving flux-based material balances in diffusion and reaction systems where Fick’s law is not applicable. The conventional approach encounters difficulties due to the non-zero gradient boundary condition of flux at <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 0, which leads to increased errors and inaccuracies in the solution. To resolve this problem, a modification to the Orthogonal Collocation method is proposed, adjusted specifically to handle the complexities of flux-based material balances. The modified method adapts the traditional collocation approach, ensuring it can accommodate the boundary condition peculiarities inherent in these systems. Testing and comparison demonstrated that the modified method achieves accuracies comparable to the original Orthogonal Collocation method when applied to concentration-based material balances, whereas incorrect use of the original scheme leads to errors that are orders of magnitude greater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 408-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pneumatic conveying characteristics in the rice husk powder industry and optimization of engineering process

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.037

Hui Du , Haifeng Lu , Xiaolei Guo , Haifeng Liu

Large-scale biomass pneumatic conveying technology serves the fields of biomass reuse, including agricultural and forestry waste management, and biomass gasification. This study focuses on the dense phase conveying characteristics of rice husk powder in a positive pressure pneumatic conveying system, examining the impact of operational parameters on mass flow rate and solid-gas ratio. The study successfully achieved industrial dense-phase pneumatic conveying technology with a mass flow rate of 3000–10,000 kg/h and a solid-gas ratio as high as 160 kg/kg. A prediction equation for mass flow rate based on pressure drive was provided, which was suitable for this system and provided a design basis for pressure. Based on the design of fluidization velocity, the design basis for the fluidization gas in actual operation was proposed. The phase diagram was used to analyze the conveying state and determine the economic gas velocity. Furthermore, the economic gas velocity was predicted by using the function relationship of Ar and Re numbers, and the prediction deviation is less than 5 %. This work provided a valuable reference for the efficient conveying and processing of biomass particles on a large scale.

{"title":"Pneumatic conveying characteristics in the rice husk powder industry and optimization of engineering process","authors":"Hui Du , Haifeng Lu , Xiaolei Guo , Haifeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale biomass pneumatic conveying technology serves the fields of biomass reuse, including agricultural and forestry waste management, and biomass gasification. This study focuses on the dense phase conveying characteristics of rice husk powder in a positive pressure pneumatic conveying system, examining the impact of operational parameters on mass flow rate and solid-gas ratio. The study successfully achieved industrial dense-phase pneumatic conveying technology with a mass flow rate of 3000–10,000 kg/h and a solid-gas ratio as high as 160 kg/kg. A prediction equation for mass flow rate based on pressure drive was provided, which was suitable for this system and provided a design basis for pressure. Based on the design of fluidization velocity, the design basis for the fluidization gas in actual operation was proposed. The phase diagram was used to analyze the conveying state and determine the economic gas velocity. Furthermore, the economic gas velocity was predicted by using the function relationship of <em>Ar</em> and <em>Re</em> numbers, and the prediction deviation is less than 5 %. This work provided a valuable reference for the efficient conveying and processing of biomass particles on a large scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 157-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative TEA of a two-step process using chemical solvents for producing an ultra-sweet natural gas

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.043

Rui Wang , Husain Ashkanani , Kathryn Smith , Isaac K. Gamwo , Bingyun Li , Badie I. Morsi

A comprehensive Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) was performed to evaluate the economic feasibility of a novel two-step process (TSP) developed in Aspen Plus V12.1 to desulfurize and decarbonize a raw natural gas containing (2 mol% H₂S and 5 mol% CO₂) into an ultra-sweet natural gas containing (1.72 ppmv H₂S and 4.19 ppmv CO₂). The raw natural gas flow rate used in the TSP was 117.74 kg/s at 60 °C and 50 bar. The TSP combines an H₂S desulfurization step using potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) and a CO₂ capture step using 3 different chemical solvents, monoethanolamine (MEA), sodium glycinate (SGS), and potassium glycinate (PGS). Both steps employ fixed-bed absorbers packed with Mellapak 250Y structured packing.

The hydraulics and mass transfer characteristics for the TSP were calculated, indicating normal operation with higher gas-side (k_G) than liquid-side (k_L) mass transfer coefficients. The TEA of TSP indicated that PGS had the most promising economic feasibility among the 3 solvents as it exhibited the lowest Levelized Cost of CO₂ capture (LCOC) of $47.54/ton.CO₂ at a Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of $24.98 million, and an Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of $12.20 million/year. Also, the TSP could produce one MMSCF of ultra-sweet natural gas at a total cost of $339.55.

{"title":"A comparative TEA of a two-step process using chemical solvents for producing an ultra-sweet natural gas","authors":"Rui Wang , Husain Ashkanani , Kathryn Smith , Isaac K. Gamwo , Bingyun Li , Badie I. Morsi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) was performed to evaluate the economic feasibility of a novel two-step process (TSP) developed in Aspen Plus V12.1 to desulfurize and decarbonize a raw natural gas containing (2 mol% H<sub>2</sub>S and 5 mol% CO<sub>2</sub>) into an ultra-sweet natural gas containing (1.72 ppmv H<sub>2</sub>S and 4.19 ppmv CO<sub>2</sub>). The raw natural gas flow rate used in the TSP was 117.74 kg/s at 60 °C and 50 bar. The TSP combines an H<sub>2</sub>S desulfurization step using potassium carbonate (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) and a CO<sub>2</sub> capture step using 3 different chemical solvents, monoethanolamine (MEA), sodium glycinate (SGS), and potassium glycinate (PGS). Both steps employ fixed-bed absorbers packed with Mellapak 250Y structured packing.</div><div>The hydraulics and mass transfer characteristics for the TSP were calculated, indicating normal operation with higher gas-side (k<sub>G</sub>) than liquid-side (k<sub>L</sub>) mass transfer coefficients. The TEA of TSP indicated that PGS had the most promising economic feasibility among the 3 solvents as it exhibited the lowest Levelized Cost of CO<sub>2</sub> capture (LCOC) of $47.54/ton.CO<sub>2</sub> at a Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of $24.98 million, and an Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of $12.20 million/year. Also, the TSP could produce one MMSCF of ultra-sweet natural gas at a total cost of $339.55.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"215 ","pages":"Pages 238-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143242285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0