Cleaner Materials最新文献_第8页

Upcycling waste glass bottles as a binder within engineered cementitious composites (ECCs): Experimental investigation and environmental impact assessment 在工程胶凝复合材料（ECCs）中作为粘合剂的废弃玻璃瓶的升级回收：实验调查和环境影响评估

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100311

Avik Kumar Das , Jiacheng Xiao

Single-use waste glass bottles (WGB) pose significant environmental challenges in urban areas, and this study explores their upcycling into powdered glass (GP) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). Through, systematic investigation of their mechanical performance, durability, early age properties and shrinkage for different levels of GP replacement a sustainable ECC mix (GP-ECC) was developed. GP-ECC demonstrates excellent mechanical and durability performance, including high ductility (∼4%), tensile strength (∼4 MPa), narrow crack widths (∼60 μm), and manageable shrinkage (∼1700 με). Optimal results were observed at 20–30 % GP replacement, where improved particle packing and pozzolanic activity enhanced performance. In contrast, at higher replacement levels (50 %) led to increased porosity and reduced durability due to suppressed hydration. The inclusion of natural seawater further accelerated early hydration and strength gain, though slight compromises were noted in crack control due to ionic interference, overall their performance are comparable to GP-ECC. Microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD) confirmed denser matrices and stronger fiber–matrix bonding at 30 % GP, particularly in seawater-mixed ECCs thereby, confirming the feasibility and high-perfromance of sea based materials (SBM)-GP-ECCs. A novel framework for life cycle analysis (LCA) for ECCs considering regional variations, including transportation emissions and energy mix, thereby reflecting intercity differences. GP-ECC and SBM-GP-ECC mixes achieved notable reductions in CO2 (∼8–10 %) emission and costs other ecological impacts, but such effects is a function of the location outperforming normal concrete and GP-concrete by up to 100x in tensile and durability properties. By systematically evaluating mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties, this study establishes a robust foundation for future research and practical deployment of GP-marine ECCs derived from waste materials, contributing to circular economy strategies and the development of cleaner, high-performance construction materials.

一次性废弃玻璃瓶（WGB）在城市地区构成了重大的环境挑战，本研究探讨了将其升级为粉末玻璃（GP）作为工程胶凝复合材料（ECCs）的补充胶凝材料（SCM）。通过对其力学性能、耐久性、早期性能和收缩率的系统研究，提出了一种可持续发展的ECC复合材料（GP-ECC）。GP-ECC具有优异的机械性能和耐久性，包括高延展性（~ 4%）、抗拉强度（~ 4 MPa）、窄裂纹宽度（~ 60 μm）和可控收缩率（~ 1700 με）。在20 - 30%的GP替换量下，颗粒填料和火山灰活性的改善提高了性能，效果最佳。相比之下，在较高的替代水平（50%）下，由于抑制水化作用，孔隙度增加，耐久性降低。天然海水的掺入进一步加速了早期水化和强度的增加，尽管由于离子干扰在裂缝控制方面略有妥协，但总体性能与GP-ECC相当。微观结构分析（SEM， XRD）证实，在30% GP时，特别是在海水混合的ECCs中，基质更致密，纤维-基质结合更强，从而证实了海基材料(SBM)-GP-ECCs的可行性和高性能。考虑区域差异（包括交通排放和能源结构）的ECCs生命周期分析（LCA）新框架，从而反映城市间差异。GP-ECC和SBM-GP-ECC混合物显著减少了二氧化碳排放（~ 8 - 10%），并减少了其他生态影响，但这种效果是位置的函数，其拉伸和耐久性性能优于普通混凝土和gp -混凝土高达100倍。通过系统地评估机械、流变、耐久性和微观结构性能，本研究为未来研究和实际应用从废物中提取的GP-marine ECCs奠定了坚实的基础，为循环经济战略和更清洁、高性能建筑材料的发展做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of concrete containing wind-turbine wastes following mechanical, environmental and economic indicators 根据机械、环境和经济指标对含有风力涡轮机废料的混凝土进行优化

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100317

Nerea Hurtado-Alonso , Javier Manso-Morato , Víctor Revilla-Cuesta , Vanesa Ortega-López , Marta Skaf

The decommissioning of wind farms produces two primary waste materials: Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) derived from the foundation concrete, and Raw-Crushed Wind-Turbine Blade (RCWTB) obtained through the crushing and sieving of the blades. Incorporating these materials into concrete enhances sustainability and, in some cases, improves mechanical properties while reducing the final environmental impact and cost compared to conventional concrete. A comprehensive characterization of the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures with varying RCA (0–100%) and RCWTB (0–10%) contents was conducted, these mixes being designed with increased water and admixture contents to compensate for the expected loss of workability caused by the addition of these waste materials. A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and cost evaluation were also performed. The optimization of these mixtures was addressed using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimization process revealed that intermediate combinations of RCA (50%) and RCWTB (5%) yielded maximum flexural-tensile properties. However, achieving optimal performance proved more challenging when simultaneous optimization included compressive strength and deformability properties, such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s coefficient. For these properties, the optimal mix incorporated 88% RCA and 0% RCWTB. The RSM analysis demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating both RCA and RCWTB into concrete mixtures, mainly intended to work under bending stresses, but it also highlighted the complexities of achieving optimal performance when all mechanical properties were simultaneously considered. This research underscores the potential for these recycled materials to contribute to more sustainable concrete production while addressing the trade-offs in mechanical performance optimization.

风电场的退役产生两种主要废物：从基础混凝土中提取的再生混凝土骨料（RCA）和通过叶片破碎和筛分获得的原始破碎风力涡轮机叶片（RCWTB）。与传统混凝土相比，将这些材料加入混凝土中可以增强可持续性，在某些情况下，可以改善机械性能，同时减少最终的环境影响和成本。对不同RCA（0-100%）和RCWTB（0-10%）含量的混凝土混合料的力学性能进行了全面表征，这些混合料在设计时增加了水和外加剂的含量，以补偿由于添加这些废物而造成的可加工性的预期损失。生命周期评估（LCA）和成本评估也进行了。利用响应面法（RSM）对这些混合物进行了优化。优化过程表明，RCA（50%）和RCWTB（5%）的中间组合获得了最大的弯曲拉伸性能。然而，当同时优化抗压强度和变形性能（如弹性模量和泊松系数）时，实现最佳性能更具挑战性。对于这些性能，最佳的混合物中含有88%的RCA和0%的RCWTB。RSM分析证明了将RCA和RCWTB同时加入混凝土混合物的可行性，主要用于在弯曲应力下工作，但它也强调了在同时考虑所有机械性能时实现最佳性能的复杂性。这项研究强调了这些回收材料的潜力，有助于更可持续的混凝土生产，同时解决了机械性能优化方面的权衡。

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引用次数: 0

Development of low carbon concrete with high cement replacement ratio by multi-response optimization 多响应优化开发高水泥替代比低碳混凝土

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100304

Suliman Khan, Safat Al-Deen, Chi King Lee

This study develops three new Low Carbon Concrete (LCC) mix designs with characteristic cylinder compressive strengths of 32 MPa (C32), 25 MPa (C25), and 20 MPa (C20). By using a Taguchi design of experiment (T-DoE) model and combined it with Grey relational analysis (GRA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) for multi-response optimization, sixteen trial mixes employing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace 80 % to 95 % of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were tested. Three factors namely, OPC replacement percentage, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) to fly ash (FA) ratio, and silica fume (SF) to binder percentage were considered. Optimization results led to three LCC mix designs with 80 %, 85 %, and 90 % OPC replacement. Their compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and slump were evaluated. Confirmation tests showed that the 80 %, 85 % and 90 % OPC replacement mixes respectively satisfied requirements for C32, C25, and C20 concretes. Carbon footprint study showed that the LCC mixes led to significant reduction of carbon footprint when compared with OPC concrete. Finally, microstructure analysis was conducted to study in the microstructure characteristics of the LCCs.

本研究开发了三种新型低碳混凝土（LCC）配合比设计，其特征柱抗压强度分别为32 MPa （C32）、25 MPa （C25）和20 MPa （C20）。采用田口试验设计（T-DoE）模型，结合灰色关联分析（GRA）和主成分分析（PCA）进行多响应优化，采用补充胶凝材料（SCMs）替代80% ~ 95%普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）的16种试验配合比进行了试验。考虑了OPC替代率、磨粒高炉渣（GGBFS）与粉煤灰（FA）的比、硅灰（SF）与粘结剂的比三个因素。优化结果产生了三种LCC混合设计，分别为80%、85%和90%的OPC替代。对其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量和坍落度进行了评价。验证试验表明，80%、85%和90%的OPC替代配合比分别满足C32、C25和C20混凝土的要求。碳足迹研究表明，与OPC混凝土相比，LCC混合料的碳足迹显著减少。最后进行了微观结构分析，研究了lcc的微观结构特征。

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引用次数: 0

Valorizing urban pruning wastes and recycled polyethylene towards sustainable natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites 将城市修剪废弃物和回收聚乙烯转化为可持续的天然纤维增强聚合物复合材料

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100313

Dayana Gavilanes , Vladimir Valle , Francisco Quiroz , Francisco Cadena , José I. Iribarren

The current research presents the elaboration of lignocellulosic reinforced polymer composites based on urban pruning wastes (UPW), recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and water-based acrylic resin. In doing so, UPW fibers were placed in acrylic resin bath. The “embedded” UPW fibers were called EUPW and used as reinforcement. Then, composites were formulated through a 3x2x2 experimental design: EUPW content (5, 10, and 15 wt%), natural fiber size (425 and 1000 µm) and coupling agent presence (none and polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride). After extrusion and compression molding manufacturing, composites were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, and tensile behavior. The FTIR results showed a band at 1700 cm⁻¹ of the composites, representing the acrylate group of acrylic polymer (AP) in EUPW. Additionally, TGA determined that AP provided thermal protection to UPW. Furthermore, it was found that elastic modulus of the composites was increased compared to the neat polymer matrix; however, modulus of elasticity decreased with EUPW addition. According to the statistical analysis, coupling agent effect was the most significant factor on elastic modulus and tensile strength. Finally, the results revealed that combining UPW, acrylic polymer resin, rHDPE and polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride, composites with relatively positive balanced properties were obtained.

目前研究以城市修剪废弃物（UPW）、再生高密度聚乙烯（rHDPE）和水性丙烯酸树脂为原料制备木质纤维素增强聚合物复合材料。在此过程中，UPW纤维被放置在丙烯酸树脂浴中。“嵌入”的UPW纤维被称为EUPW，用作增强材料。然后，通过3x2x2实验设计配制复合材料：EUPW含量（5、10和15 wt%）、天然纤维尺寸（425和1000µm）和偶联剂（无偶联剂和聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐）。在挤压和压缩成型制造后，对复合材料进行了FTIR、TGA和拉伸性能表征。FTIR结果显示，复合材料在1700 cm−1处有一个条带，代表EUPW中丙烯酸聚合物（AP）的丙烯酸酯基团。此外，TGA确定AP对UPW提供热保护。与纯聚合物基体相比，复合材料的弹性模量有所提高；然而，随着EUPW的加入，弹性模量降低。经统计分析，偶联剂对弹性模量和抗拉强度的影响最为显著。结果表明，UPW与丙烯酸树脂、rHDPE和聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐复合，可获得性能相对正平衡的复合材料。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of expansive soil stabilisation using un-calcinated Kaolinite-Based Alkali-Activated binders 未煅烧高岭石碱活化黏合剂稳定膨胀土的效果

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100315

Mengyuan Zhu , Chin Leo , Qinghua Zeng , Daniel J. Fanna , Jeff Hsi , Reza Karimi , Antonin Fabbri , Samanthika Liyanapathirana , Pan Hu , Hadeel Alzghool

In recent years, alkali-activation and geopolymerisation have emerged as sustainable alternatives for stabilising expansive soils, traditionally treated with lime or cement. While most studies focus on high-temperature-processed materials such as fly ash, slag, and metakaolin, this study investigates the potential of using un-calcinated kaolinite as a precursor to produce an alkali-activated binder (U-KAB) slurry for expansive soil stabilisation. The U-KAB slurry, prepared by mixing un-calcinated kaolinite with NaOH solution, was applied at dosages ranging from 1.6% to 9.6% to a synthetic expansive soil composed of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and quartz. Two phases of experimental testing and characterisation provided valuable insights into its stabilisation potential, highlighting a new pathway for the development of cleaner soil stabilisation binders by avoiding the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with thermal calcination. The paper also emphasises the critical importance of carefully monitoring NaOH dosage and allowing for an adequate curing period—incorporating both sealed curing and air-drying—to enhance stabilisation effectiveness. Furthermore, while the results underscore the stabilisation potential of the U-KAB slurry, they also highlight the potential presence of excess unreacted alkali when aiming to achieve well effective dissolution of aluminosilicates at higher dosages. Unreacted alkali can adversely affect the stabilisation process, particularly in causing unsought swelling or negative swelling (consolidation) in the treated soils depending on the curing conditions. This indicates there may be a need in some cases to further optimise U-KAB mix design to mitigate these issues. The goal is to achieve an optimised U-KAB slurry with effective dissolution of the precursor to enhance geopolymerisation while ensuring adequate workability for mixing to stabilise the expansive soil.

近年来，碱活化和地聚合已成为稳定膨胀土的可持续选择，传统上用石灰或水泥处理。虽然大多数研究都集中在高温处理的材料上，如粉煤灰、矿渣和偏高岭土，但本研究探讨了使用未煅烧的高岭土作为前驱体来生产用于膨胀土稳定的碱活化粘结剂（U-KAB）浆料的潜力。U-KAB浆料由未煅烧的高岭石与NaOH溶液混合制成，以1.6% ~ 9.6%的剂量施用于由高岭石、蒙脱石和石英组成的合成膨胀土中。两个阶段的实验测试和表征为其稳定潜力提供了有价值的见解，强调了通过避免与热煅烧相关的高能耗和碳排放来开发更清洁的土壤稳定粘合剂的新途径。该论文还强调了仔细监测NaOH剂量的重要性，并允许适当的固化期，包括密封固化和风干，以提高稳定效果。此外，虽然结果强调了U-KAB浆料的稳定潜力，但它们也强调了在更高剂量下实现铝硅酸盐的有效溶解时，过量未反应碱的潜在存在。未反应的碱会对稳定过程产生不利影响，特别是在处理过的土壤中引起不需要的膨胀或负膨胀（固结），这取决于养护条件。这表明，在某些情况下，可能需要进一步优化U-KAB混合设计，以缓解这些问题。目标是实现优化的U-KAB浆料，有效溶解前驱体，以增强地聚合，同时确保足够的和易性，以稳定膨胀土。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-friendly water barrier coating for paper packaging: Harnessing bio-calcium carbonate from mussel shell waste 纸包装用环保防水涂料：利用贻贝废料中的生物碳酸钙

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100318

Lunjakorn Amornkitbamrung , Atichar Thanawinitcharoen , Chutiparn Lertvachirapaiboon , Cheol-Hee Ahn , Sanong Ekgasit , Sarawut Rimdusit

In this study, we addressed the issue of non-recyclable and slow-to-biodegrade waste from paper packaging coated with plastic, along with the local problem of accumulating mussel shell waste in Thailand. To improve the water barrier properties of paper, we developed a bio-based coating using ethyl cellulose (EC) and biogenic calcium carbonate (bio-CaCO₃) particles sourced from discarded green mussel shells. Chemical and mechanical treatments were applied to the shells, resulting in plate-like particles with a diameter of 2–5 μm and a thickness of 0.5 μm. Treating the particles with stearic acid (SA) enhanced their surface hydrophobicity, increasing the water contact angle (WCA) from 31 to 110°. Paper samples were coated with a dispersion of bio-CaCO₃ particles in an EC solution, and their molecular characteristics, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were characterized. Investigation of the effects of SA treatment and coating content revealed significant improvements in water resistance. The water absorptivity (Cobb test) of filter paper decreased from 150 to 9 g/m², and for packaging paper, it decreased from 43 to 7 g/m² after coating. Furthermore, the WCA of filter paper increased from non-measurable to 122°, while the WCA of packaging paper increased from 109 to 132°. These improvements could be attributed to the reduced porosity and increased surface hydrophobicity by coating. Overall, this bio-based coating demonstrated a promising potential as an eco-friendly solution for water barrier coating of packaging paper.

在本研究中，我们解决了涂有塑料的纸包装产生的不可回收和生物降解缓慢的废物问题，以及泰国当地贻贝废物积累的问题。为了提高纸张的隔水性能，我们开发了一种生物基涂层，使用乙基纤维素（EC）和生物碳酸钙（bio-CaCO3）颗粒，这些颗粒来自废弃的绿色贻贝壳。对壳体进行化学和机械处理，得到了直径为2-5 μm、厚度为0.5 μm的片状颗粒。硬脂酸（SA）增强了颗粒的表面疏水性，使水接触角（WCA）从31°增加到110°。在EC溶液中涂覆生物caco3颗粒分散体，并对其分子特征、形态、热稳定性和力学性能进行表征。对SA处理和涂层含量影响的研究表明，其耐水性有显著提高。涂布后滤纸的吸水率（Cobb试验）从150 g/m2下降到9 g/m2，包装纸的吸水率从43 g/m2下降到7 g/m2。滤纸的WCA由不可测提高到122°，包装纸的WCA由109°提高到132°。这些改进可归因于涂层降低了孔隙率和增加了表面疏水性。总的来说，这种生物基涂料作为一种环保的包装纸防水涂料，具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydraulic concrete durability studies with the addition of two industrial byproducts, stone aggregate filler, and foundry sand: A collaborative solution for three large industries 加入两种工业副产品——石料填料和铸造砂——的水工混凝土耐久性研究：三大工业的协同解决方案

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100312

Guilliana Agudelo , Carlos A. Palacio , Sergio Neves Monteiro , Henry A. Colorado

This research investigates the use of two industrial byproducts added to hydraulic concrete and their impact on its durability when metakaolin is added. The byproducts used were a stone aggregate filler from the production of asphalt concrete, and foundry sand. The environmental impact of this development is significant as it involves three large industries that collaborated for the study: concrete, metal casting, and aggregate mining, quite economically influential elsewhere but particularly in developing countries. The stone aggregate was obtained after a drying and preheating process of the stone aggregates to produce asphalt, while the foundry sand is obtained after iron smelting. The effectiveness of the additions in mortar bars was tested by the expansion measurements conducted at 25 °C. This study also aims to determine how the additions affect the expansion and the alkali-silica reaction, which could increase the concretés durability. It was found that both byproducts can be classified as type N pozzolans and that achieve an expansion reduction of 32.9 % with the aggregate filler; of 36.84 % with the foundry sand; and of 71 % with the metakaolin. The microstructure of samples was evaluated via XRD and SEM over the samples immersed in NaOH during 18 days, revealing phases such as portlandite, oligoclase, quartz, cordierite, calcite, coesite, biotite, and albite. The SEM showed some of these phases as well as, in addition to the ASR-gel (alkali-silica reaction) as a rosette around aggregates. It was found the ASR gel in all the mortars evaluated. Last, one important outcome is that this investigation was conducted as a University-Industry collaboration, enabling a real green solution for the wastes.

本文研究了在水工混凝土中添加两种工业副产物，以及添加偏高岭土对其耐久性的影响。所使用的副产品是生产沥青混凝土的石骨料填料和铸造砂。这一发展对环境的影响是重大的，因为它涉及为这项研究合作的三个大型工业：混凝土、金属铸造和集料采矿，在其他地方，特别是在发展中国家具有相当大的经济影响。石料经干燥预热制得沥青，而铸造砂则经炼铁制得。通过在25℃下进行的膨胀测试，测试了砂浆棒中添加物的有效性。本研究还旨在确定添加物如何影响膨胀和碱-硅反应，从而提高混凝土的耐久性。结果表明，两副产物均可归为N型火山灰，掺加骨料填料可使膨胀率降低32.9%；占铸造砂的36.84%；偏高岭土占71%在NaOH中浸泡18天，通过XRD和SEM对样品的微观结构进行了分析，发现样品中存在硅酸盐、低晶长石、石英、堇青石、方解石、钙辉石、黑云母和钠长石等相。扫描电镜显示了其中的一些相，以及asr -凝胶（碱-硅反应）在聚集体周围的玫瑰花状结构。在所有评估的砂浆中都发现了ASR凝胶。最后，一个重要的结果是，这项调查是作为大学与工业界合作进行的，为废物提供了真正的绿色解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating environmental and economic sustainability of engineered chitosan particles for water treatment 评价工程壳聚糖水处理颗粒的环境和经济可持续性

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100319

Fatima Iqbal , Astha Upadhyay , Rouzbeh Tehrani , Lewis S. Rowles

The global water demands have prompted the development of sustainable treatment solutions, with adsorptive chitosan composites emerging as promising alternatives to petroleum-based materials. As a cleaner material, chitosan offers significant advantages over conventional adsorbents, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the potential to create a circular economy in water treatment applications. This study presents a comprehensive sustainability assessment of three novel porous chitosan particles synthesized using low-toxicity solvents, focusing solely on the production of pure chitosan scaffolds without additional adsorptive materials for targeted removal. Integrating techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, we evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of methylpentane, azocarboxamide, and tween porous chitosan particles. Our analysis, normalized to both production mass and methylene blue removal efficiency, reveals complex tradeoffs among costs, environmental impacts, and performance. Azocarboxamide particles was the most cost-effective in production at 32.89 [26.13-41.00] USD/g, while having greater environmental impacts and less removal (< 20 %). In contrast, methylpentane particles demonstrated superior environmental sustainability, achieving a removal efficiency of > 90 % with moderate production cost of 104.07 [80.76-135.07] USD/g. This divergence in results highlights the critical importance of considering both production costs and functional performance when evaluating the sustainability of these materials. Sensitivity analysis identified key sustainability drivers, including precursor costs, synthesis yield, material quantities, and energy consumption. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing synthesis conditions and considering full life cycle impacts in developing chitosan-based adsorbents. This study provides a robust framework for evaluating the sustainability of biopolymer-based materials and supports informed decision-making in advancing water treatment technologies and promoting a circular economy.

全球对水的需求推动了可持续处理解决方案的发展，吸附壳聚糖复合材料成为石油基材料的有希望的替代品。作为一种清洁材料，壳聚糖与传统吸附剂相比具有显著的优势，包括生物可降解性、生物相容性以及在水处理应用中创造循环经济的潜力。本研究对使用低毒溶剂合成的三种新型多孔壳聚糖颗粒的可持续性进行了综合评估，重点关注纯壳聚糖支架的生产，而无需额外的吸附材料进行靶向去除。结合技术经济分析和生命周期评价，对甲基戊烷、偶氮甲酰胺和多孔壳聚糖颗粒的经济可行性和环境影响进行了评价。我们的分析，将生产量和亚甲基蓝去除效率归一化，揭示了成本、环境影响和性能之间的复杂权衡。偶氮甲酰胺颗粒在生产中最具成本效益，为32.89[26.13-41.00]美元/克，但对环境影响较大，去除率较低(<；20%)。相比之下，甲基戊烷颗粒表现出优异的环境可持续性，达到了>；90%，生产成本为104.07[80.76-135.07]美元/克。这种结果的差异突出了在评估这些材料的可持续性时考虑生产成本和功能性能的关键重要性。敏感性分析确定了关键的可持续性驱动因素，包括前体成本、合成产量、材料数量和能源消耗。这些发现强调了优化合成条件和考虑全生命周期影响在开发壳聚糖基吸附剂中的重要性。这项研究为评估生物聚合物基材料的可持续性提供了一个强有力的框架，并为推进水处理技术和促进循环经济的明智决策提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on multilayered natural-fibre composite reinforcement in geopolymer concrete 多层天然纤维复合材料在地聚合物混凝土中的应用综述

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100310

Shyamkumar Mani , Pachaivannan Partheeban , C. Chella Gifta

Amid growing environmental concerns in India regarding the substantial CO₂ emissions from Portland cement, accounting for 5 to 8 % of total emissions, the development of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) emerged as a long-term substitute. The study aims to review the research works on geopolymer concrete fortified with diverse elements like GGBFS, nanomaterials, and natural Fibres. The research employs a multidisciplinary methodology, encompassing a comprehensive assessment of previous experimental studies conducted by the investigators to examine the mechanical and structural characteristics, as well as the durability and microstructural aspects, of composite materials used in the production of geopolymer concrete. Materials under investigation include Fly ash, GGBFS, Nanoclay, bamboo, sisal, and hemp fibres. Findings from the literature review reveal that compared to a control mix, the notable improvements in compressive, tensile, and flexural strength by integrating GGBFS and Nanoclay are 15 %, 27 %, and 106 %, respectively. Adding hemp fibres at 5 % volume fraction, Fly ash, and GGBFS amplifies the water absorption capacity by 20 %. Sisal fibre was utilized as reinforcement in glass composites to develop a multilayered sisal-glass composite in polyester matrix optimal configuration (4 glass and 9 sisal layers) demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 57.60 MPa, flexural strength of 36 N/mm², and 10 % moisture absorption, offering superior performance and cost-effectiveness. The findings highlight the effectiveness of strategic fibre layering in enhancing composite strength and cost efficiency. Natural fibres like hemp, bamboo, and sisal also improve the composites hardness and tensile characteristics. These consequences highlight the possibility of incorporating supplementary materials in geopolymer concrete, offering substantial improvements in mechanical and durability, environmental sustainability, and cost-effective construction solutions.

由于波特兰水泥的二氧化碳排放量占总排放量的5%至8%，印度的环境问题日益严重，因此地聚合物混凝土（GPC）的发展成为一种长期替代品。本研究旨在回顾用GGBFS、纳米材料和天然纤维等不同元素加固地聚合物混凝土的研究工作。该研究采用多学科方法，包括对研究人员先前进行的实验研究的综合评估，以检查用于生产地聚合物混凝土的复合材料的机械和结构特性，以及耐久性和微观结构方面。正在调查的材料包括粉煤灰、GGBFS、纳米粘土、竹子、剑麻和大麻纤维。文献综述的研究结果显示，与对照混合物相比，GGBFS和Nanoclay在抗压、抗拉和抗弯强度方面的显著提高分别为15%、27%和106%。添加5%体积分数的大麻纤维、粉煤灰和GGBFS，吸水能力提高20%。将剑麻纤维作为玻璃复合材料的增强材料，在聚酯基体中开发出多层剑麻-玻璃复合材料的最佳配置（4层玻璃和9层剑麻），具有优异的机械性能，包括抗拉强度为57.60 MPa，抗弯强度为36 N/mm2，吸湿率为10%，具有卓越的性能和成本效益。研究结果强调了战略纤维分层在提高复合材料强度和成本效率方面的有效性。天然纤维如麻、竹、剑麻也能提高复合材料的硬度和拉伸性能。这些结果突出了在地聚合物混凝土中加入补充材料的可能性，在机械和耐用性、环境可持续性和经济高效的建筑解决方案方面提供了实质性的改进。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability assessment of ultra-high performance concrete made with various supplementary cementitious materials 各种补充胶凝材料配制的超高性能混凝土的可持续性评价

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100301

Leila Farahzadi , Saeed Bozorgmehr Nia , Behrouz Shafei , Mahdi Kioumarsi

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is widely recognized for its exceptional strength and durability, making it a preferred choice in modern concrete construction. However, the high cement content of conventional UHPC mixtures causes environmental concerns, particularly in terms of carbon footprint. To address such concerns, this study presents a comprehensive sustainability assessment of various UHPC mixtures that incorporate high volumes of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including ground granulated blast furnace (GGBF) slag and fly ash, individually and in combination, as partial replacements for cement. The use of alternative SCMs also addresses the reliance of UHPC mixtures on silica fume. While beneficial for a range of concrete properties, silica fume poses challenges, in terms of cost and potential particulate emission during handling and mixing. A detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed in the current study to evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative UHPC mixture designs, considering key factors, such as resource utilization, energy consumption, water use, raw material transportation, and production processes. In contrast with past research that primarily focused on simple CO₂-equivalent metrics, this study assessed 14 distinct environmental impact categories, offering a unique and holistic contribution to UHPC sustainability research. The findings demonstrated that incorporating up to 50% GGBF slag as cement replacement significantly reduces the UHPC’s environmental impacts without jeopardizing the main mechanical and durability characteristics. This research underscores the critical role of industrial by-products in enhancing sustainable construction practices and offers practical solutions for adopting low-impact concrete production methods.

超高性能混凝土（UHPC）因其卓越的强度和耐久性而得到广泛认可，成为现代混凝土建筑的首选。然而，传统UHPC混合物的高水泥含量引起了环境问题，特别是在碳足迹方面。为了解决这些问题，本研究对各种UHPC混合物进行了全面的可持续性评估，这些混合物包含大量补充胶凝材料（SCMs），包括磨粒高炉（GGBF）矿渣和粉煤灰，单独或组合使用，作为水泥的部分替代品。替代scm的使用也解决了UHPC混合物对硅灰的依赖。虽然硅灰有利于一系列混凝土性能，但在处理和混合过程中的成本和潜在颗粒排放方面提出了挑战。本研究采用详细的生命周期评估（LCA）来评估不同的UHPC混合料设计对环境的影响，考虑了资源利用、能源消耗、水使用、原材料运输和生产过程等关键因素。与过去主要关注简单的二氧化碳当量指标的研究不同，本研究评估了14种不同的环境影响类别，为UHPC的可持续性研究提供了独特而全面的贡献。研究结果表明，掺入高达50%的GGBF矿渣作为水泥替代品可以显著降低UHPC的环境影响，同时不会损害其主要的机械和耐久性特性。本研究强调了工业副产品在加强可持续建筑实践中的关键作用，并为采用低影响混凝土生产方法提供了切实可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0