Cleaner Materials最新文献_第8页

Phycocyanin from oxygenic photogranules: A feasible ecofriendly dye for cotton and silk fibers 氧光颗粒中的藻蓝蛋白：一种可行的棉、丝纤维环保染料

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100334

Vivek Kumar Nair , Abhishek Sahu , Saurabh Samuchiwal , Anushree Malik , Pooja Ghosh , Bhupendra Singh Butola

This study investigated the extraction and application of phycocyanin from a novel biomass source, oxygenic photogranules. The results show that optimal phycocyanin extraction (104.69±3.8 mg/g) was achieved using freeze-thawing with extraction solvent as sodium phosphate buffer, followed by 15 min of ultrasonication. Furthermore, ammonium sulphate stabilised extracted phycocyanin was found to be suitable for its long-term storage. Also, dyeing by double mordanting followed by the cold dyeing process showed cotton’s superior phycocyanin affinity (dye adsorption: 55.5±2.8 mg/g) compared to silk (dye adsorption: 31.32±1.09 mg/g). Furthermore, during the wash test, cotton retained a higher colour (64.97%) even after 5 washes when compared to silk (44.43%). Although on analysing the functionality of the fabric, the silk exhibited higher antioxidant activity (93.93±1.76 %) than cotton (64.78±3.06 %). However, in the case of UV protection, cotton demonstrated excellent UV protection with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of more than 200 when compared to the silk’s UPF of ∼35. These findings underscore the potential of phycocyanin from oxygenic photogranules as a sustainable and functional natural dye for textile fibers.

本文研究了一种新型生物质源—氧致光颗粒中藻蓝蛋白的提取及其应用。结果表明，以提取溶剂为磷酸钠缓冲液，冷冻解冻后超声处理15 min，藻蓝蛋白提取率为104.69±3.8 mg/g。此外，硫酸铵稳定提取的藻蓝蛋白适合长期储存。双媒染法染色后冷染色表明，棉对藻蓝蛋白的亲和力（染料吸附：55.5±2.8 mg/g）优于丝绸（染料吸附：31.32±1.09 mg/g）。此外，在洗涤测试中，与丝绸（44.43%）相比，即使经过5次洗涤，棉仍保持更高的颜色（64.97%）。织物的抗氧化活性（93.93±1.76%）高于棉（64.78±3.06%）。然而，在紫外线防护方面，与丝绸的紫外线防护系数（UPF）约35相比，棉花表现出出色的紫外线防护能力，其紫外线防护系数（UPF）超过200。这些发现强调了从含氧光颗粒中提取的藻蓝蛋白作为一种可持续的功能性天然染料用于纺织纤维的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-efficiency assessment and benchmarking of recycled carbon fibre 再生碳纤维的生态效率评估和基准测试

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100333

Eneko Urruzola , Laura Merlo-Camuñas , Fernando Calvo-Rodríguez , Mikel Azcona , Marta Cerdeira-Peinado , Eduardo de la Guerra , Diego Iribarren

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are very important structural materials due to their mechanical properties, light weight, and versatility. This has led to an increase in both CFRP demand and production. This situation implies an increased number of end-of-life products requiring a viable and environmentally friendly way out. Within this context, this work evaluates the eco-efficiency of a company’s own CFRP recycling system based on a combination of shredding, pyrolysis and solvolysis processes. The eco-efficiency assessment involves techno-economic and environmental analyses of both recycled carbon fibre from the aforementioned system and, for benchmarking purposes, conventional carbon fibre from polyacrylonitrile. The results show a levelised cost of 4.83 € and a carbon footprint of 22.7 kg CO₂ eq per kilogramme of recycled carbon fibre. Furthermore, factor-X results indicate an eco-efficient performance of the assessed recycled carbon fibre compared to conventional carbon fibre.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）具有机械性能好、重量轻、通用性强等优点，是一种非常重要的结构材料。这导致了CFRP需求和产量的增加。这种情况意味着越来越多的报废产品需要一个可行的和环境友好的出路。在此背景下，本工作评估了一家公司自己的基于粉碎、热解和溶剂分解工艺的CFRP回收系统的生态效率。生态效率评估包括对上述系统回收的碳纤维进行技术经济和环境分析，以及为基准目的对聚丙烯腈制成的传统碳纤维进行分析。结果显示，每公斤再生碳纤维的平均成本为4.83欧元，碳足迹为22.7千克二氧化碳当量。此外，因子x结果表明，与传统碳纤维相比，评估的再生碳纤维具有生态效率。

引用次数: 0

Cupriavidus necator: A sustainable triple tool for waste reduction, biopolymer production, and cost optimization Cupriavidus necator：一个可持续的三重工具，用于减少废物，生物聚合物生产和成本优化

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100332

Daiana Nygaard , Oxana Yashchuk , Élida Beatriz Hermida

Wild type Cupriavidus necator is a sustainable tool to produce high-value biopolymers from industrial wastes, optimizing polymer production cost and reducing pollution.

This model bacterium is a sustainable microorganism that reduces industrial pollution by using waste materials as feedstock. This approach minimizes environmental impact and promotes effective management of industrial by-products. C. necator is well-studied for its ability to produce high-value biopolymers, particularly polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable and exhibit desirable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. C. necator produces PHAs from various industries related to human food consumption: commercial food production, biodiesel, alcoholic beverages, sugar, agricultural and forestry plastics and petrochemicals. Utilizing organic waste lowers PHAs production costs, enhancing economic viability. To achieve this goal, several key processes need to be considered. The first key processes include the efficient management of food waste for transport to PHAs production sites and the necessary pre-treatment to convert them into suitable carbon sources for bacteria. The next key processes are fermentation strategies to optimize the biopolymer production and the use of co-substrates to synthesize the desired type of PHA. This makes it possible to tailor the type of PHA produced from waste to different types of applications, ranging from the replacement of non-biodegradable petrochemical plastics to biomedical applications with health benefits.

C. necator is a sustainable tool address environmental challenges, valorize industrial wastes, generate a variety of valuable bioproducts, and enhance the economic feasibility of sustainable polymer production.

野生型Cupriavidus necator是利用工业废弃物生产高价值生物聚合物的可持续工具，可优化聚合物生产成本，减少污染。这种模式细菌是一种利用废物作为原料减少工业污染的可持续微生物。这种方法最大限度地减少对环境的影响，促进对工业副产品的有效管理。C. necator因其生产高价值生物聚合物的能力而被广泛研究，特别是聚羟基烷酸酯（PHAs），它是可生物降解的，具有理想的机械性能和生物相容性。C. necator从与人类食品消费相关的各个行业生产pha：商业食品生产、生物柴油、酒精饮料、糖、农林塑料和石化产品。利用有机废物可以降低pha的生产成本，提高经济可行性。要实现这一目标，需要考虑几个关键过程。第一个关键过程包括有效管理食物垃圾，将其运送到pha生产基地，并进行必要的预处理，将其转化为适合细菌的碳源。接下来的关键过程是发酵策略，以优化生物聚合物的生产和使用共底物合成所需类型的PHA。这使得从废物中产生的PHA类型适应不同类型的应用成为可能，从替代不可生物降解的石化塑料到具有健康益处的生物医学应用。Necator是一种可持续的工具，可以解决环境挑战，使工业废物增值，产生各种有价值的生物产品，并提高可持续聚合物生产的经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Interplay between geopolymer formulation, microstructure, and strontium sorption properties 地聚合物配方、微观结构和锶吸附性能之间的相互作用

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100331

A. Varon , A. Gossard , Y. Coppel , Y. Barré , A. Poulesquen

This article focused on developing chemically stable, high-performance adsorbents for selective Sr²⁺ removal from nuclear wastewater, enabling safer long-term storage and disposal. Geopolymers, due to the negative charge of aluminum acting as a sorption exchange site (Al^IV), promote ion exchange, thereby exhibiting favourable adsorption kinetics and exchange capacities. A novel approach is developed to comprehensively characterize geopolymers and establish structure-sorption property relationships. This study examines how key synthesis factors, specifically the Si/Al and H₂O/M₂O molar ratios, influence structural properties, characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption and ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). These techniques probe material structural properties and Al^IV concentration, enabling assessment of their impact on strontium and calcium sorption behaviour. Increasing the Si/Al ratio enhances porosity but reduces Al^IV concentration, thereby diminishing sorption capacity. This decline is attributed to greater distances between Al^IV units and a structural shift toward a more silicon-dominated network. A 2D surface state model based on the Q⁴(mAl) silicon centers from the ²⁹Si NMR was developed to correlate it to the sorption properties of the geopolymer. Selectivity toward the strontium is observed for Si/Al = 1.52, highlining the impact of the porous structure and silicon environment, with favourable distance between Al^IV sites for strontium sorption over calcium. Similarly, increasing the H₂O/K₂O ratio improves sorption properties. However, once a specific ratio is reached (H₂O/K₂O = 12), microstructure no longer influence sorption properties. Silicon environment differ across compositions, influencing selectivity factor H₂O/K₂O = 12, exhibiting the highest one, indicating a more suitable sorption environment.

本文的重点是开发化学稳定、高性能的吸附剂，用于选择性去除核废水中的Sr2+，从而实现更安全的长期储存和处置。地聚合物由于铝的负电荷作为吸附交换位点（AlIV），促进离子交换，从而表现出良好的吸附动力学和交换能力。提出了一种新的方法来全面表征地聚合物并建立结构-吸附性质关系。本研究考察了关键的合成因素，特别是Si/Al和H2O/M2O的摩尔比，如何影响结构性质，并通过氮吸附-解吸和27Al和29Si核磁共振（NMR）表征。这些技术探测材料的结构特性和AlIV浓度，从而能够评估它们对锶和钙吸附行为的影响。增加Si/Al比会增加孔隙度，但会降低AlIV浓度，从而降低吸附能力。这种下降归因于AlIV单元之间的距离更远，以及向硅主导网络的结构转变。建立了基于29Si核磁共振Q4（mAl）硅中心的二维表面态模型，将其与地聚合物的吸附特性联系起来。当Si/Al = 1.52时，观察到对锶的选择性，突出了多孔结构和硅环境的影响，AlIV位点之间的距离有利于锶的吸附而不是钙。同样，增加H2O/K2O比可以改善吸附性能。然而，一旦达到特定的比例（H2O/K2O = 12），微观结构不再影响吸附性能。不同组分的硅环境不同，其影响选择因子H2O/K2O = 12最高，表明其吸附环境更为适宜。

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引用次数: 0

Reusable packaging: The impact of repeated use on the visual quality, properties and food contact safety of plastic packaging materials 重复使用包装：重复使用对塑料包装材料的视觉质量、性能和食品接触安全的影响

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100330

Ronan Farrell , Yvonne J. Cortese , Golnoosh Abdeali , Vlasta Chyzna , Declan M. Devine , Romina Pezzoli

Reusable packaging offers a promising solution to reducing plastic waste and promoting the sustainable and cleaner use of plastic materials. However, most plastic packaging is designed for single use and may lack the durability required to withstand repeated use under demanding conditions. In this study, we evaluate the performance of different polymer materials under repeated use conditions, focusing on changes in their appearance, material properties, and food contact safety. The investigated materials include the commodity polymers polypropylene (PP) and semi-crystalline polyethylene terephthalate (CPET), as well as the technical materials polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and Tritan™ copolyester. Each material was subjected to simulated real-world conditions, including contamination with food, exposure to microwave heating or long-term cold storage, and repeated cleaning cycles. This methodology replicates the wear and tear experienced in everyday reuse scenarios. The results demonstrate that all tested materials maintained their dimensions, mechanical performance, and chemical migration. However, notable changes in visual quality and wettability were observed, which should be carefully considered for specific applications. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the suitability of plastic materials for reusable food packaging, supporting the development of more sustainable products that align with cleaner production principles, and informing future reusable food packaging regulations.

可重复使用的包装为减少塑料废物和促进塑料材料的可持续和清洁使用提供了一个有希望的解决方案。然而，大多数塑料包装是为一次性使用而设计的，可能缺乏在苛刻条件下反复使用所需的耐用性。在本研究中，我们评估了不同高分子材料在重复使用条件下的性能，重点关注其外观，材料性能和食品接触安全性的变化。所研究的材料包括商品聚合物聚丙烯（PP）和半结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（CPET），以及技术材料聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBT）和Tritan™共聚酯。每种材料都受到模拟现实世界条件的影响，包括食物污染，暴露于微波加热或长期冷藏，以及重复的清洁循环。这种方法复制了日常重用场景中所经历的损耗。结果表明，所有测试材料保持其尺寸，机械性能和化学迁移。然而，观察到视觉质量和润湿性的显着变化，应仔细考虑具体应用。总的来说，这项研究为塑料材料用于可重复使用食品包装的适用性提供了有价值的见解，支持开发符合清洁生产原则的更可持续的产品，并为未来的可重复使用食品包装法规提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A holistic approach and frame work to optimized fly ash cement brick production integrating technical, life cycle cost and environmental life cycle assessment 综合技术、生命周期成本和环境生命周期评价，优化粉煤灰水泥砖生产的整体方法和框架

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100329

Mohammed Rihan Maaze

The utilization of fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement in the construction industry. This study proposes a comprehensive and novel framework for the development of fly ash cement bricks (FACB), integrating technical performance optimization, environmental assessment, and economic viability analysis. A parametric investigation was conducted using the Taguchi orthogonal array design with three factors and levels, fly ash (50–70 %), cement (7.5–12.5 %), and water-to-binder ratio (20–24 %). A comprehensive environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with and without mass allocation to fly ash and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) were conducted in accordance with ISO 14040/44 and ISO 15686 standards. Multi-parameter optimization was performed to achieve a target compressive strength of 10 MPa while minimizing water absorption, shrinkage, efflorescence, and Global Warming Potential (GWP). The optimal mix proportions were identified as 60 % fly ash, 10 % cement, and a 22 % (0.22) water-to-binder ratio and experimentally validated with a 95 % confidence interval, confirming the accuracy of the predicted response properties. The improved compressive strength and reduced water absorption were attributed to enhanced matrix densification from cement hydration, while lower shrinkage and efflorescence resulted from the filler effect and pozzolanic activity of fly ash. The LCA results with zero mass allocation of fly ash indicated that the GWP per brick ranged from 0.58 to 0.77 kg CO₂ eq, with cement content and transportation being the primary contributors to emissions. The LCCA assessment demonstrated a competitive production cost of ₹5.44 (0.06$) per brick, making it financially viable for large-scale industrial manufacturing. This research provides a comprehensive framework for industries and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance production efficiency, reduce costs, and promote sustainable manufacturing practices.

粉煤灰是煤燃烧的一种副产品，近年来由于其在建筑工业中作为传统水泥的可持续替代品的潜力而引起了极大的关注。本研究为粉煤灰水泥砖（FACB）的开发提出了一个综合的、新颖的框架，将技术性能优化、环境评价和经济可行性分析相结合。采用田口正交设计，对粉煤灰（50 ~ 70%）、水泥（7.5 ~ 12.5%）、水胶比（20 ~ 24%）3个因素和水平进行了参数化研究。根据ISO 14040/44和ISO 15686标准进行了全面的环境生命周期评估（LCA）和生命周期成本分析（LCCA）。为了达到10 MPa的目标抗压强度，同时最大限度地减少吸水率、收缩率、开花率和全球变暖潜能值（GWP），进行了多参数优化。确定了最佳配合比为60%粉煤灰、10%水泥、22%水胶比（0.22），实验验证了95%的置信区间，证实了预测响应特性的准确性。抗压强度的提高和吸水率的降低主要是由于水泥水化作用增强了基质的致密性，而收缩和气孔的降低主要是由于填料作用和粉煤灰的火山灰活性。零粉煤灰质量分配的LCA结果表明，每块砖的GWP范围为0.58 ~ 0.77 kg CO2当量，水泥含量和运输是排放的主要贡献者。LCCA评估表明，具有竞争力的生产成本为每块砖5.44卢比（0.06美元），使其在大规模工业生产中具有经济可行性。本研究为工业和中小微企业（MSMEs）提高生产效率、降低成本和促进可持续制造实践提供了一个全面的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Development of A balanced mix design approach for stone Matrix asphalt mixtures 石基沥青混合料平衡配合比设计方法的发展

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100328

Bo Lin , Yizhuang David Wang , Jenny Liu

Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) has been widely used as a durable, high-quality mixture for primary roads. With the growing interest in incorporating innovative materials into SMA designs, developing effective and reliable mix design methodologies has become essential to ensure durability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. While performance tests have gained national acceptance for asphalt mix design and balanced mix design (BMD) methods have been adopted in many states for hot mix asphalt (HMA), SMA has not been fully considered with the BMD implementation. This study aimed to develop a BMD approach for SMA, incorporating both SMA-specific volumetric parameters and performance requirements. To achieve this, a new approach was developed based on BMD methods outlined in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards MP 46 and PP 105. It combined the advantages of Approaches A, which focused on the volumetric parameters to form the stone-on-stone structure, and Approach B, which allowed adjustments to binder content based on performance test results. The approach was demonstrated using two mix designs: one with traprock (a typical aggregate specified for SMA) and the other with steel slag (a commonly used innovative material) as coarse aggregates. The results indicated that the SMA with traprock met the performance requirements based on the initial volumetric design. However, the initial volumetric design for the SMA mixture with steel slag yielded insufficient cracking resistance. After conducting performance tests at multiple binder levels, a balanced binder content range was determined that met both cracking and rutting resistance criteria.

石基沥青（SMA）作为一种耐用、高质量的混合料被广泛应用于主要道路。随着人们对将创新材料纳入SMA设计的兴趣日益浓厚，开发有效可靠的混合设计方法对于确保耐用性、可持续性和成本效益至关重要。虽然沥青混合料设计的性能测试已获得国家认可，许多州已采用平衡混合料设计（BMD）方法进行热混合沥青（HMA），但在实施BMD时尚未充分考虑SMA。本研究旨在开发SMA的BMD方法，结合SMA特定的体积参数和性能要求。为了实现这一目标，基于美国国家公路和交通官员协会（AASHTO）标准MP 46和PP 105中概述的BMD方法，开发了一种新的方法。它结合了方法A和方法B的优点，方法A侧重于体积参数以形成石-石结构，方法B允许根据性能测试结果调整粘合剂含量。该方法通过两种混合设计进行了演示：一种是用traprock （SMA指定的典型骨料），另一种是用钢渣（常用的创新材料）作为粗骨料。结果表明，基于初始体积设计，带轨道的SMA满足性能要求。然而，初始体积设计的含钢渣SMA混合料抗裂性不足。在进行了多种粘结剂水平的性能测试后，确定了一个平衡的粘结剂含量范围，既满足抗开裂标准，又满足抗车辙标准。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of fiber reinforced polymer bars: a scientometric and visualization analysis 纤维增强聚合物棒材的评述：科学计量和可视化分析

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100325

Zhengyuan Yue , Kefeng Ouyang , Xin Yao , Kang Hu , Lei Li

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties, have emerged as environmentally friendly and low-carbon cleaner materials and are widely applied in the field of civil engineering. To precisely capture the development dynamics and trends in the field of FRP bars, this article selects the literature in the Web of Science core database (SCI, SSCI) as the research object. By employing bibliometric methods, a comprehensive analysis and summary of the relevant research progress of FRP bars were carried out. The annual publication volume, journal source distribution, country/regional distribution, institutional affiliation, author composition, highly cited papers, and cutting-edge research directions of the literature were emphatically examined. Moreover, the VOSviewer software was used to construct a knowledge graph. The study reveals essential information in the field of FRP bars, specifically including core data such as major journals, influential countries, institutions, and academic papers. Keyword analysis reveals that the durability of FRP bars is currently a hot topic of research. In addition, the mechanical properties of FRP bars under extreme conditions (e.g., high strain rates, strong corrosive environments, etc.) and the cross-application with machine learning and neural network technologies are considered as potential hotspots for future research in this field. Through bibliometric analysis, this paper systematically reviews the research history of FRP bars and provides reasonable planning suggestions for subsequent scholar in this field.

纤维增强聚合物（FRP）筋由于其优异的力学和化学性能，已成为一种环保、低碳的清洁材料，在土木工程领域得到了广泛的应用。为了准确捕捉FRP筋领域的发展动态和趋势，本文选择了Web of Science核心数据库（SCI， SSCI）中的文献作为研究对象。采用文献计量学方法，对FRP筋的相关研究进展进行了全面的分析和总结。重点考察了文献的年出版量、期刊来源分布、国家/地区分布、机构归属、作者构成、高被引论文、前沿研究方向等。利用VOSviewer软件构建知识图谱。该研究揭示了FRP筋领域的基本信息，特别是包括主要期刊、有影响力的国家、机构和学术论文等核心数据。关键词分析表明，FRP筋耐久性是目前研究的热点问题。此外，FRP筋在极端条件下（如高应变率、强腐蚀环境等）的力学性能以及与机器学习和神经网络技术的交叉应用被认为是该领域未来研究的潜在热点。通过文献计量分析，系统回顾FRP筋的研究历史，为后续该领域的学者提供合理的规划建议。

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引用次数: 0

Self-cleaning solar steam generator based on engineered carbonized waste tea photothermal layer 基于工程炭化废茶光热层的自清洁太阳能蒸汽发生器

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100327

Farid Mahjoub, Behzad Naghdi, Farzaneh Arabpour Roghabadi

In this work, an efficient, eco-friendly, self-cleaning, and low-cost solar steam generator with a reverse conical-shape is fabricated using carbonized waste tea as a photothermal layer. Waste tea is carbonized through three different methods comprising heating in the furnace at high temperature, pyrolysis process, and mild carbonization utilizing aluminophosphate solution. Among the three processes used, thermal treatment in the furnace (CWTF-400) results in the highest performance due to its superior characteristics, which are applicable in this field. Using a conical configuration for the photothermal layer, making device independent of light orientation and self-cleaning. Taking the advantages of the conical configuration, not only the incident photons are absorbed more efficiently, but also salt deposition is localized at the edge. Remarkably, because of the provided self-cleaning property, salt crystals dissolve back into the bulk water in 11 h. Treating CWTF-400 device with sodium alginate, the water supply is improved, leading to roughly no salt crystal formation in artificial seawater experiment and the reduction of time duration of salt crystals dissolving to 5.5 h at 20 wt% saline solution. Additionally, it could considerably improve the overall performance of device in potable water experiments. A remarkable evaporation rate of 2.93 kg.m⁻².h⁻¹ and an efficiency of 97.51 % are achieved for CWTF-400 + SA device. Under real conditions, after 7 h of desalination in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, no salt crystals are formed. This study advances the principles of sustainable material use by converting biowaste (waste tea) into a functional photothermal layer for water purification, minimizing dependence on synthetic or hazardous substances.

在这项工作中，利用碳化的废茶作为光热层，制造了一个高效、环保、自清洁、低成本的反锥形太阳能蒸汽发生器。废茶通过炉内高温加热、热解和磷酸铝溶液温和碳化三种不同的方法进行炭化。在使用的三种工艺中，炉内热处理（CWTF-400）因其优越的特性而具有最高的性能，适用于该领域。光热层采用锥形结构，使器件不受光取向的影响，具有自洁性。利用锥形结构的优点，不仅能有效地吸收入射光子，而且能使盐沉积局限于边缘。值得注意的是，由于所提供的自清洁性能，盐晶体在11 h后溶解回大块水中。用海藻酸钠处理CWTF-400装置，改善了供水量，导致人工海水实验中基本不形成盐晶体，盐晶体溶解时间缩短到20%盐溶液下的5.5 h。此外，该装置在饮用水实验中的整体性能也得到了显著提高。CWTF-400 + SA装置的蒸发速率为2.93 kg.m−2.h−1，效率为97.51%。在实际条件下，在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中脱盐7 h后，未形成盐晶体。本研究通过将生物废物（废茶）转化为功能性光热层来净化水，从而最大限度地减少对合成物质或有害物质的依赖，从而提出了可持续材料利用的原则。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the thermal and mechanical properties of plasters reinforced with argan nut shells: New composites for energy efficiency applications 探索用摩洛哥坚果壳增强的石膏的热学和机械性能：用于能源效率应用的新复合材料

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100320

Soukaina Fekkar , Mohamed Touil , Abdelilah Akouibaa , Soumia Mordane , Miloud Rahmoune , Rachid Saadani

The use of natural materials derived from argan nut shell waste in the construction and thermal insulation activities offers several technical, economic and environmental advantages. This work presents an experimental study investigating the impact of adding ground argan nut shells (ANS) on the plaster’s thermomechanical properties. The aim is to design new environmentally-friendly composites, which could be used primarily for energy-efficiency applications in buildings. These new materials were prepared by incorporating different proportions of ANS grains into the mix, ranging from 0 % to 20 %. Two grain sizes were studied: fine particles (d

<

0.5 mm) and coarser particles (2.25 mm

<

d

<

4 mm). The EI700 cell, known as the two-box method, was used to determine the thermophysical properties, while the mechanical characterization was carried out using bending tests (H10KL cell). However, the thermophysical tests carried out showed that increasing the particle size and the proportion of ANS in the base matrix considerably improved its thermal properties. Specifically, the density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity were decreased by around 2.92 %, 68.06 % and 40.45 %, respectively. In addition, mechanical tests have shown that this process leads to a reduction in flexural strength, which has dropped from 3.15 MPa to 2.29 MPa, a reduction of 27.30 %. Nonetheless, this reduction remains acceptable according to the European construction standard EN 13279-2. The microscopic study (SEM) revealed perfect compatibility between the aggregates and the plaster granules and justified the results obtained by increasing the porosity of the conventional matrix. This research demonstrates that argan nut shells may be used to reinforce building materials, improving the energy efficiency of buildings while reducing their environmental impact.

在建筑和保温活动中使用从摩洛哥坚果壳废料中提取的天然材料具有若干技术、经济和环境优势。本工作提出了一项实验研究，调查了添加磨碎的摩洛哥坚果壳（ANS）对石膏的热机械性能的影响。其目的是设计新的环保复合材料，主要用于建筑物的节能应用。这些新材料是通过在混合物中加入不同比例的ANS晶粒制备的，从0%到20%不等。研究了两种粒径：细颗粒(d <；0.5 mm)和较粗的颗粒(2.25 mm <；d & lt;4毫米)。使用EI700电池（称为双箱法）来确定热物理性质，而使用弯曲测试（H10KL电池）进行力学表征。然而，进行的热物理测试表明，增加基体中ANS的粒径和比例可显著改善其热性能。其中，密度、导热系数和导热系数分别降低了2.92%、68.06%和40.45%左右。此外，力学试验表明，该工艺导致弯曲强度降低，从3.15 MPa降至2.29 MPa，降低了27.30%。尽管如此，根据欧洲建筑标准EN 13279-2，这种降低仍然是可以接受的。微观研究（SEM）显示了骨料与石膏颗粒之间的完美相容性，并证明了通过增加常规基质孔隙率获得的结果是正确的。这项研究表明，摩洛哥坚果壳可以用来加固建筑材料，提高建筑的能源效率，同时减少对环境的影响。

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