Chemical record最新文献

The importance of C-H activation in organic chemistry lies in its transformative potential and impact across various fields. Cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation has roots in transition-metal catalysis dating back to the mid-20th century. However, the specific use of cobalt as a catalyst for oxidative C-H activation gained attraction more recently. New advancements have broadened the scope of cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation to encompass a variety of substrates and transformations. C-H activation plays a pivotal role in modern organic chemistry by offering efficient, versatile, and sustainable methods for the synthesis of complex molecules, thereby driving innovation and discovery in science and technology. This review focuses on the recent developments in oxidative cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation covering literature from 2020–2024.

Metal/doped-carbon materials have useful catalytic performances in hydrogenation reduction reaction, advanced oxidation reaction, and water splitting reactions. Sol–gel method is traditionally conducted to obtain oxide materials and this method has been used to prepare metal/doped-carbon materials in recent decades by heating precursors in inert or reducing atmosphere. Herein, the recent advances in the sol–gel designing and application of metal/doped-carbon materials, including the designing of sol system via appropriate selection of functional organic ligands, principles for formation of metal/doped-carbon materials, catalytic performances of the metal/doped-carbon materials toward hydrogenation reduction reaction, advanced oxidation reaction, and reducing of Cr(VI) reactions, are discussed. It is shown that the formation of metallic phase in the metal/doped-carbon material is connected with the standard electrode potential (SEP) of metal oxide, which is different to the conventional SEP of metallic ions. The kinds of metal and alloy in the metal(alloy)/doped-carbon material can be predicted by the SEP of the corresponding metal oxide. This review will help to understand the designing principle and catalytic performance of metal/doped-carbon materials.

The aim of the present review is to provide a systematic survey on the recent advancements in the chemical synthesis of thiochromones, thiochromanones, the less explored thiochromene-4-thiones and some analogs. These compounds are used as versatile building blocks in the synthesis of other complex and polycyclic heterocyclic analogs. Highlights on biological and photophysical properties of these thio derivatives are also included and discussed. It covers the literature from 2014 to 2024, in more than 170 publications.

An analysis is conducted with the intention to clarify which molecules are more promising as renewable electricity storage media, taking into consideration some basic parameters like theoretical and practical voltage, theoretical energy density, etc. The central aspect of analysis is to apply sufficiently simple, but relevant criterion, the minimum cost of electricity required to produce a specific quantity of chemical energy storage medium, in relation to the prevailing market prices of the produced chemicals. Therefore, the study analyzes the cost of electrical energy needed to selectively convert CO₂ into specific molecules such as, CO, CH₃OH, and CH₄, among others, water into hydrogen, and nitrogen into ammonia, by considering both idealized and more realistic operational conditions. The results show that in the case of energy carriers that are too expensive to be generated under idealized conditions, further detailed analysis of other production factors is inconsequential. The production of hydrogen, formic acid, and syngas (CO and H₂) as energy carriers is economically feasible under realistic operational conditions. It is also conceivable that further electricity-to-chemical conversion efficiency gains can be realized for these molecules thus underscoring the need for their prioritization.

Allyl sulfones are common motifs in many drugs and natural products, exhibiting a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer and antibacterial properties, etc. An overview is provided on the synthesis of allylic sulfones via generation of metal π-allyl complexes in metal-catalyzed sulfonylation over the period from 2020 to the present. The generation process of metal π-allyl complexes is introduced from the perspective of reaction mechanism and the reaction processes such as nucleophilic substitution, insertion of SO₂, and reductive elimination involving metal π-allyl complexes is discussed. In order to effectively organize this study, several metal π-allyl intermediates will be reviewed and can be divided into i) generation of palladium π-allyl complexes in palladium-catalyzed sulfonylation and ii) generation of other metal π-allyl complexes in other metal-catalyzed sulfonylation.

Water electrolysis for hydrogen production has become an industrial focus in the era of green chemistry due to its high purity of hydrogen production and environmentally friendly, efficient process. As the half reaction of water splitting at the anode, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) features a complex and sluggish process that restricts the efficiency of water splitting. The mechanism of OER varies with different electrolytes. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have become a research hotspot due to their advantages, such as nearly 100% atomic utilization efficiency and abundant, uniform active sites. Through structural optimization and coordination environment regulation, SACs can effectively enhance the efficiency of OER. This review comprehensively summarizes the OER mechanisms under both acidic and alkaline conditions, systematically compiles the performance and applications of precious-metal and nonprecious-metal SACs in OER, and provides mechanistic insights through density functional theory calculations. Finally, it provides an outlook on the research prospects of single-atom electrocatalysts, offering references and guidance for the preparation of higher-performance single-atom electrocatalysts.

Chromones, characterized by a benzo-annulated γ-pyrone core, represent a privileged scaffold, offering a diverse pharmacological spectrum. Clinically approved drugs such as disodium cromoglycate and flavoxate underscore their therapeutic significance. Recent advancements in synthetic strategies have facilitated the development of novel chromone derivatives with improved bioactivity, selectively modulating key molecular targets implicated in cancer, inflammation, diabetes, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, their emerging utility as imaging probes and regulators of pharmacologically relevant targets, such as pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP), highlights their expanding role in modern drug discovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the identification of bioactive chromone-based natural products and synthetic analogs, emphasizing their therapeutic potential. Additionally, critical innovations in recent synthetic methodologies and targeted therapeutic applications are discussed, reinforcing chromones as a sustainable and multifunctional framework for next-generation drug development.

Ammonia is one of the most important inputs in the global chemical industry, used primarily in fertilizers and explosives. It is increasingly recognized as a potential energy carrier. Its production is dominated by the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high energy consumption and significant capital investment, and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, electrochemical pathways have become a possible sustainable alternative, as they operate under mild conditions and can be powered by renewable energy. However, the development of electrocatalysts that simultaneously achieve high selectivity, activity, and long-term stability remains a major challenge for this type of industry. Among emerging materials, graphene-derived carbon systems stand out for their high conductivity, large surface area, and tunable electronic properties, which can improve nitrogen adsorption and stabilization of potential reaction intermediates. This review summarizes the latest advances in the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, with an emphasis on carbon-based electrocatalysts and their structure-performance relationships. Current challenges are analyzed, and future research directions are proposed to accelerate the development of environmentally friendly ammonia production strategies beyond the Haber-Bosch process.

The synthesis of biomass-derived nanocarbons via ball milling has emerged as an innovative, sustainable, and cost-effective strategy in the field of nanotechnology. This review comprehensively explores the principles, mechanisms, and process parameters that influence the production of high-quality nanocarbons from biomass using ball milling. This process efficiently transforms biomass residues into nanoscale carbon, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers, with tunable physicochemical properties tailored for advanced applications. The structural evolution of nanocarbons during ball milling, facilitated by mechanical forces such as exfoliation, fragmentation, and defect engineering, enhances their electrochemical performance, catalytic activity, and environmental applications. This review highlights the advantages of ball milling over conventional synthesis methods, including its solvent-free nature, scalability, and precise control over nanocarbon morphology. The diverse applications of nanocarbons, ranging from energy storage to catalysis, photocatalysis, water purification, gas sensing, soil remediation, oil recovery, anticorrosion coatings, inkjet ink formulation, and biomedical uses, underscore their potential for sustainable technological advancement. The novelty of this review lies in the comprehensive synthesis of recent developments in biomass-derived nanocarbon synthesis via ball milling, bridging the gap between fundamental processing mechanisms and practical applications. The challenges and future perspectives are discussed to guide further research and industrial adoption of green nanotechnology.

Flow fields (FFs) play multifaceted roles in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) by facilitating the transport and distribution of species, removal of products, support to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), electrical conductivity, water, and thermal management. Therefore, the performance of DMFC is directly related to the pattern and geometry of the FF. DMFCs can generate power density of up to ≈100–300 mW cm⁻²; however, their performance is impeded by cathode flooding, CO₂ gas bubbles formation, and mass transfer limitations. These can be mitigated by employing appropriate FF designs with modifications in their geometrical parameters, such as rib area, channel width, and aspect ratio. This review underscores the importance of the five different FF patterns (parallel, serpentine, interdigitated, pin-type, and bioinspired) on the performance of the DMFC by highlighting the different experimental and computational investigations. How different FF patterns can aid in extenuating the limitations of DMFC and thereby boost their performance is discussed. Subsequently, the importance of employing computational fluid dynamics models to investigate the different FF patterns for developing efficient DMFC is also assessed. Finally, as a future prospect, how efficient FF designs can aid the development of μ-DMFC for portable applications is discussed.