Chemical record最新文献

This review article highlights the significant advances in the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines over the past decade. Dibenzo[b,f]oxepines, important heterocyclic compounds, have attracted increasing interest due to their wide-ranging applications in medicinal chemistry and materials applications. The review addresses traditional approaches and recent developments, highlighting efficient synthetic strategies such as cross-coupling reactions, intramolecular cyclizations, and molecular diversification strategies. Additionally, the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of these methods are discussed. Emerging trends and future challenges in the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines are also explored, including the search for more sustainable methods, the expansion of structural diversity, and the optimizing reaction conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this field, providing valuable insights for researchers aiming to develop novel synthetic strategies and applications for dibenzo[b,f]oxepines.

Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) based micro–nano structural materials have emerged as a class of highly promising functional materials in the field of energy storage and conversion due to their unique electronic structures, excellent electrochemical properties, and abundant natural reserves. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the preparation methods and energy-related applications of Ni and Co-based micro–nano structure materials. Various synthetic strategies are introduced, including hydrothermal methods, solvothermal methods, electrodeposition, template-assisted approaches, and other emerging techniques, with particular emphasis on the precise control of morphology, composition, and microstructure. The review then comprehensively discusses their applications in key energy technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction. For each application, the fundamental working mechanisms are analyzed, and how the micro–nano structures’ performance enhancement are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions, including scalable production, performance optimization, and advanced characterization, are outlined. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance Ni and Co-based materials for next-generation energy applications.

Recent rapiddevelopmentsin the design of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have significantly enhanced the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Tetracyano-bridged chromophores [(tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ)] have emerged as a promising class of materials, gaining widespread attention for the development of NFAs. This review focuses on advances in TCBD- and DCNQ-based molecules reported in the last few years as NFAs by highlighting their strong electron-accepting abilities, tunable broad absorption, and adjustable energy levels. Despite their nonplanar geometry, which hinders charge transport, these acceptors have revealed remarkable photovoltaic performance through rational molecular design. The molecular design, the role of extending π-conjugation, and the use of a donor–acceptor approach are discussed which contributes to the development of efficient TCBD/DCNQ-bridged NFAs. This review highlights key examples of NFAs based on TCBD/DCNQ-bridged molecules and achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 9.29% in binary blends and 17.36% in ternary devices. By consolidating recent developments in this field, this review provides critical insights into their potential as NFAs while addressing current challenges and future opportunities for next-generation OSC applications.

Accurate detection of oral disease biomarkers is crucial for improving treatment, yet conventional diagnostic approaches often suffer from low sensitivity, specificity, and limited point-of-care applicability. In this review, carbon quantum dot-encapsulated metal–organic framework (CQD@MOF) hybrids as fluorescent biosensors for oral disease biomarker detection are analyzed, focusing on their synthesis strategies, structural advantages, fluorescence sensing mechanisms, and clinical potential. These hybrids combine the fluorescence and biocompatibility of CQDs with the high surface area and tunable porosity of MOFs, enabling enhanced biomarker recognition and signal transduction. Encapsulation protects CQDs from photobleaching and aggregation, improving fluorescence stability, sensor longevity, and robustness in complex oral environments. CQD@MOF sensors exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity for diverse biomarkers, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, enabling noninvasive, real-time detection. Characterization techniques (TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and BET) confirm uniform CQD distribution within MOF matrices, supporting efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Reported detection limits reach the nano- to picomolar range for clinically relevant biomarkers, meeting early diagnosis requirements. The design strategies for multiplexed detection, challenges in clinical translation, and future directions for integrating CQD@MOF platforms into portable, cost-effective diagnostic devices are discussed. This review underscores CQD@MOF hybrids as an advancement in oral diagnostics and personalized medicine.

To avoid using nonrenewable resources, e.g., fossil fuels in organic synthesis, the researchers have shifted their focus towards the electro-organic synthesis utilizing renewable electricity sources and electrons as green reagents while avoiding the use of stoichiometric amounts of external redox reagents. Over the time, different strategies have been harnessed making this synthetic route more effective to achieve highly atom-economical reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, and high reaction efficiency with the production of lower amount of waste materials. A ton of accomplishments have been recorded in the field of electrochemical synthesis, and few recent findings (2019–2024) with the categorization into C–C, C–heteroatom, heteroatom–heteroatom bond formations, annulation reactions, etc., are placed together in this review with their mechanistic insights.

The ongoing global energy crisis significantly disrupts economic stability, largely due to unstable energy prices that have increased both transportation and manufacturing expenses. To mitigate these challenges, there is an urgent need to transition from fossil fuels to cleaner and sustainable energy alternatives, emphasizing the importance of advanced energy storage devices (ESDs). Supercapacitors (SCs) have gained considerable attention as next-generation ESDs, owing to their high-power density, rapid charge–discharge capability, and excellent long-term stability. Recently, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as highly promising electrode materials due to their admirable electrochemical behavior for SCs. This review, for the first time, offers an in-depth comparative analysis of disulfide-, diselenide-, and ditelluride-based TMDs as electrode materials for SCs based on experimental and theoretical findings. Herein, physicochemical characteristics, synthetic approaches, and electrochemical performance are explored, drawing insights from both experimental results and density functional theory predictions. The review also addresses the current limitations affecting their practical deployment and examines recent advancements aimed at improving their efficiency. Finally, the work proposes future research directions and innovations necessary for optimizing TMD-based electrode materials for SCs. By providing a detailed and integrative perspective, this review aims to accelerate progress toward high-performance, next-generation SCs.

Biocatalytic intermolecular [2+1] cyclopropanation of olefins exhibits the advantages of green, mild, high activity, and high selectivity. Its reaction mechanism holds significant inspiration for sustainable chemical synthesis. However, the challenges of structural stability, recyclability, and narrow substrate specificity restrict its synthetic application. Biomimetic catalytic systems integrate the strengths of organic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. By simulating the green synthesis mechanisms of natural enzymes and optimizing artificial structures, inherent issues of enzymes can be overcome. This review focuses on the catalytic mechanisms of cyclopropane enzymes, particularly their green catalytic advantages. It summarizes the rational design and synthesis strategies of artificial biomimetic catalysts and highlights the breakthroughs in catalytic effects. Finally, the article also outlines the design principles and future prospects for natural cyclopropane enzymes and biomimetic catalysts, aiming to drive the field of alkene cyclopropanation toward more green and efficient levels.

Alkynes and allenes are basic building blocks in organic synthesis owing to their commercial availability, relative stability, and uncomplicated preparation. Regioselective transformation of alkynes and allenes is a critical process for the synthesis of value-added compounds. Accurate regulation of these transformations enables the practical and divergent synthesis of complex molecules with new functionalities. This review outlines the recent progress toward the development of copper-catalyzed cyclization reactions of alkynes, allenes, and allenynes. Copper-catalyzed oxidation reactions of alkynes with N-oxides via α-oxo copper carbenes for the efficient construction of various functionalized organic molecules are developed. Importantly, the copper-catalyzed asymmetric alkyne oxidation with N-oxides, which represents the first non-noble metal-catalyzed alkyne oxidation, is reported by the in situ generated α-oxo copper carbenes. Then, an efficient copper-catalyzed desymmetric cyclization reaction of allenes via a presumable copper carbene intermediate and a highly selective 1,2-N shift process is disclosed. In particular, this protocol represents the first example of non-noble-metalcatalyzed allene cyclization via the donor/donor copper carbene intermediates. Based on these compelling findings, the precise transformation of alkynes, allenes, and allenynes by copper catalysts will accelerate novel insights into the exploration of alkyne and allene chemistry.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing-based polymer nanocomposites have emerged as a transformative platform in cancer treatment due to their precision and ability to incorporate multifunctional features. These materials integrate biocompatible polymers with nanoscale components to create multifunctional structures that enhance drug delivery, tissue repair, and diagnostics. By incorporating nanoparticles, they enable localized treatment and improved visualization for real-time monitoring—offering a unified platform for therapy and diagnosis. By incorporating agents like liposomes, dendrimers, or magnetic nanocarriers, they achieve controlled release and tumor-specific action while minimizing systemic toxicity. In tissue engineering, these nanocomposites provide scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation to repair tissues. Advanced 3D printing techniques ensure high-resolution fabrication of complex geometries tailored to individual patient needs. Polymer nanocomposites have shown significant potential in imaging applications, offering enhanced contrast in diagnostic techniques like magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and fluorescence imaging. Functional nanoparticles, including quantum dots and gold nanostructures, are embedded into 3D-printed constructs to facilitate real-time tumor visualization. This multifunctionality allows the integration of therapy and diagnostics, paving the way for theranostic platforms. Furthermore, the scalability of 3D printing makes it suitable for precision medicine. Challenges remain in optimizing material properties, ensuring biocompatibility, and scaling production.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are widely regarded as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness features. The crucial factor in the development of high-performance AZIBs is to explore cathode materials that match with zinc anode. Vanadium-based materials are widely utilized as cathode materials. However, their development is also hindered by slow transfer kinetics, vanadium dissolution, poor electrical conductivity, etc. Herein, the research progress on ion doping of vanadium-based materials in high-performance AZIBs is summarized. It includes the challenges faced by vanadium-based materials, the energy storage mechanisms, and the intrinsic effects of ion doping-modified electrode materials. Moreover, their perspectives on ZIBs are also proposed.