Chemical record最新文献

Metal negatrode supercapattery (MNSC) is an emerging technology that combines the high energy storage capabilities of batteries with the high-power delivery of supercapacitors, thereby offering promising solutions for various applications, such as energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential of MNSCs as a prospective energy storage technology. MNSCs utilize a specific configuration in which the negatrode consists of a metal or metal-rich electrode, such as sodium, aluminum, potassium, or zinc, whereas the positrode functions as a supercapacitor electrode. The utilization of negatrodes with low electrochemical potential and high electrical conductivity is crucial for achieving high specific energy in energy storage devices, despite facing numerous challenges. The present study discusses the design and fabrication aspects of MNSCs, including the selection of appropriate metal negatrodes, electrolytes, and positrodes, alongside the fundamental operational mechanisms. Additionally, this review explores the challenges encountered in MNSCs and proposes solutions to enhance their performance, such as addressing dendrite formation and instability of metal electrodes.

Cancer stands as a serious malady, posing substantial risks to human well-being and survival. This underscores the paramount necessity to explore and investigate novel antitumor medications. Nitrogen-containing compounds, especially those derived from natural sources, form a highly significant category of antitumor agents. Among these, antitumor agents with six-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles have consistently attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies and clinical implications of these compounds in this review. This entails an in-depth analysis of synthesis pathways for pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, and quinazoline. Additionally, we explore the historical progression, targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical effectiveness of small molecule inhibitors possessing these structural features.

As supercapacitor (SC) technology continues to evolve, there is a growing need for electrode materials with high energy/power densities and cycling stability. However, research and development of electrode materials with such characteristics is essential for commercialization the SC. To meet this demand, the development of superior electrode materials has become an increasingly critical step. The electrochemical performance of SCs is greatly influenced by various factors such as the reaction mechanism, crystal structure, and kinetics of electron/ion transfer in the electrodes, which have been challenging to address using previously investigated electrode materials like carbon and metal oxides/sulfides. Recently, tellurium and telluride-based materials have garnered increasing interest in energy storage technology owing to their high electronic conductivity, favorable crystal structure, and excellent volumetric capacity. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and energy storage performance of tellurium- and Te-based materials by introducing their physicochemical properties. First, we elaborate on the significance of tellurides. Next, the charge storage mechanism of functional telluride materials and important synthesis strategies are summarized. Then, research advancements in metal and carbon-based telluride materials, as well as the effectiveness of tellurides for SCs, were analyzed by emphasizing their essential properties and extensive advantages. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects for improving the telluride-based supercapacitive performance are outlined.

In recent years, aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have attracted considerable attention due to advancements in grid-level energy storage capacity research. These batteries offer remarkable benefits, including outstanding capacity retention, excellent cell performance, high energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The organic electrolytes in AORFBs exhibit adjustable redox potentials and tunable solubilities in water. Previously, various types of organic electrolytes, such as quinones, organometallic complexes, viologens, redox-active polymers, and organic salts, were extensively investigated for their electrochemical performance and stability. This study presents an overview of recently published novel organic electrolytes for AORFBs in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments. Furthermore, it delves into the current status, challenges, and prospects of AORFBs, highlighting different strategies to overcome these challenges, with special emphasis placed on their design, composition, functionalities, and cost. A brief techno-economic analysis of various aqueous RFBs is also outlined, considering their potential scalability and integration with renewable energy systems.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are potentially trustworthy energy storage devices, therefore getting huge attention from researchers. However, due to limited capacitance and low energy density, there is still scope for improvement. The race to develop novel methods for enhancing their electrochemical characteristics is still going strong, where the goal of improving their energy density to match that of batteries by increasing their specific capacitance and raising their working voltage while maintaining high power capability and cutting the cost of production. In this light, this paper offers a succinct summary of current developments and fresh insights into the construction of SCs with high energy density which might help new researchers in the field of supercapacitor research. From electrolytes, electrodes, and device modification perspectives, novel applicable methodologies were emphasized and explored. When compared to conventional SCs, the special combination of electrode material/composites and electrolytes along with their fabrication design considerably enhances the electrochemical performance and energy density of the SCs. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic and mechanical variables connected to SCs′ energy storage process. To point the way toward a positive future for the design of high-energy SCs, the potential and difficulties are finally highlighted. Further, we explore a few important topics for enhancing the energy densities of supercapacitors, as well as some links between major impacting factors. The review also covers the obstacles and prospects in this fascinating subject. This gives a fundamental understanding of supercapacitors as well as a crucial design principle for the next generation of improved supercapacitors being developed for commercial and consumer use.

For organic chemists, borylated and silylated compounds are essential. The development of more contemporary and environmentally friendly techniques like photoredox chemistry and electrosynthesis serves as an alternative to the traditional hydroboration/hydrosilylation paradigm. See the Personal Account by T. Biremond, M. Riomet, P. Jubault, and T. Poisson (DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300172) to appreciate their efforts to form C−B and C−Si bonds using boryl and silyl radicals.

In recent years, a new class of highly crystalline advanced permeable materials covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered a great deal of attention thanks to their remarkable properties, such as their large surface area, highly ordered pores and channels, and controllable crystalline structures. The lower physical stability and electrical conductivity, however, prevent them from being widely used in applications like photocatalytic activities and innovative energy storage and conversion devices. For this reason, many studies have focused on finding ways to improve upon these interesting materials while also minimizing their drawbacks. This review article begins with a brief introduction to the history and major milestones of COFs development before moving on to a comprehensive exploration of the various synthesis methods and recent successes and signposts of their potential applications in carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration, supercapacitors (SCs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and hydrogen production (H₂-energy). In conclusion, the difficulties and potential of future developing with highly efficient COFs ideas for photocatalytic as well as electrochemical energy storage applications are highlighted.

The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most efficient and green conversion technology for electricity generation from hydrogen-based fuel as compared to conventional thermal power plants. Many efforts have been made to reduce the high operating temperature (>800 °C) to intermediate/low operating temperature (400 °C<T<800 °C) in SOFCs in order to extend their life span, thermal compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. However, the major challenges in developing cathode materials for low/intermediate temperature SOFCs include structural stability, catalytic activity for oxygen adsorption and reduction, and tolerance against contaminants such as chromium, boron, and sulfur. This research aims to provide an updated review of the perovskite-based state-of-the-art cathode materials LaSrMnO₃ (LSM) and LaSrCOFeO₃ (LSCF), as well as the recent trending Ruddlesden-Popper phase (RP) and double perovskite-structured materials SOFCs technology. Our review highlights various strategies such as surface modification, codoping, infiltration/impregnation, and composites with fluorite phases to address the challenges related to LSM/LSCF-based electrode materials and improve their electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, this study also offers insight into the electrochemical performance of the double perovskite oxides and Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials as cathodes for SOFCs.

Parkinson's disease is a yet incurable, age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein into amyloid fibrils. Inhibition of this process is a prospective strategy for developing a disease-modifying treatment. We overview here small molecule, peptide, and protein inhibitors of α-synuclein fibrillization reported to date. Special attention was paid to the specificity of inhibitors and critical analysis of their action mechanisms. Namely, the importance of oxidation of polyphenols and cross-linking of α-synuclein into inhibitory dimers was highlighted. We also compared strategies of targeting monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar α-synuclein species, thoroughly discussed the strong and weak sides of different approaches to testing the inhibitors.

The recyclizations of 5-amino- and 5-hydrazine-1,3-oxazoles mainly with electron-withdrawing group in 4^th position are considered. The chemical behavior of these heterocycles is due to the presence of two hidden amide fragments; therefore, the recyclization processes include a stage of nucleophile attack on 2^nd or 5^th position of the oxazole cycle. When the nitrile group is present in 4^th position, it is often involved in the recyclization forming α-aminoazoles. 5-Amino/hydrazine-1,3-oxazoles undergo recyclization both in nucleophilic (amines, hydrazine, thionating agents) and electrophilic medium ((trifluoro)acetic acid, other acylating agents). The numerous types of functionalized heterocycles can be easily obtained with the usage of these recyclizations, such as the derivatives of 3-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2–a]imidazole, imidazolidine-2,4-dione, 1H-pyrazole-3,4,5-triamine, 5,6-diamino-2,3-diphenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2-(2-R-7-oxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxazolo[5,4–d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-yl)acetic acid, 2-R-4-(5-R′-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)oxazol-5-amine, (amino(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)phosphonate.