Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237956
Jesse Aronstein
Circuit breakers for residential branch circuits must trip at or below 135% of rated current. A breaker that fails that requirement is defective. Samples of two brands, purchased from retail sources, are tested for that basic calibration. Both brands were tested 4 years ago. Previous samples of one brand were 50% defective, and new samples manufactured in 2021 are 28% defective. The second brand, previously defect-free, is again defect-free. The test results, past and present, imply that some manufacturers are calibrating breakers to trip too close to the allowable upper current limit, and are checking calibration by testing at higher current. The standard calibration test at 200% of rated current is shown to be incapable of indicating whether or not a breaker will trip properly, as required by the applicable standard, at 135% of rated current. A third brand tested came on the market recently. Its thermal-magnetic breakers trip correctly, but the brand's hydraulic-magnetic breakers are erratic, with 38% of the samples malfunctioning. The malfunctions are attributed to thermal distortion that causes mechanical binding of the triggering mechanism. Some breaker brands with a high defect rate have been in the distribution chain for many years and are permanently installed in homes. The increased risk of fire and injury for the occupants of these dwellings is significant. The long-standing history of this problem and the fire safety consequences are discussed.
{"title":"Faulty Residential Circuit Breakers—A Persistent Fire Safety Problem","authors":"Jesse Aronstein","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237956","url":null,"abstract":"Circuit breakers for residential branch circuits must trip at or below 135% of rated current. A breaker that fails that requirement is defective. Samples of two brands, purchased from retail sources, are tested for that basic calibration. Both brands were tested 4 years ago. Previous samples of one brand were 50% defective, and new samples manufactured in 2021 are 28% defective. The second brand, previously defect-free, is again defect-free. The test results, past and present, imply that some manufacturers are calibrating breakers to trip too close to the allowable upper current limit, and are checking calibration by testing at higher current. The standard calibration test at 200% of rated current is shown to be incapable of indicating whether or not a breaker will trip properly, as required by the applicable standard, at 135% of rated current. A third brand tested came on the market recently. Its thermal-magnetic breakers trip correctly, but the brand's hydraulic-magnetic breakers are erratic, with 38% of the samples malfunctioning. The malfunctions are attributed to thermal distortion that causes mechanical binding of the triggering mechanism. Some breaker brands with a high defect rate have been in the distribution chain for many years and are permanently installed in homes. The increased risk of fire and injury for the occupants of these dwellings is significant. The long-standing history of this problem and the fire safety consequences are discussed.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/10021241.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2023.3236984
GUILHERME CAVALCANTE RUBIO;VISHNU C. HOTHUR KOMAL;YUSUKE FUJII;AKIRA CHIBA
This article investigates a bearingless motor with passive electrodynamic axial suspension. The axial suspension force is generated by a specific coil configuration called a figure-eight coil. Radial directions and tilting angles are stabilized by passive permanent magnet bearings. Since axial electrodynamic force increases with rotational speed, it must overcome a certain minimum threshold speed to compensate for the rotor weight and the unstable axial force caused by the permanent magnet bearing. Theoretical equations are derived for the braking torque caused by the suspension current and for the steady-state axial equilibrium position at constant rotational speed. A method based on the braking torque equation is proposed for correcting the mismatch between the magnetic center of the bearingless motor and the middle point of the axial clearance. This method sets the middle point between upper and lower touchdown positions in the same place where the motor current is minimum during passive axial suspension. Axial suspension is confirmed in the experiment with a noncontact laser sensor.
{"title":"Experimental Verification of Passive Axial Electrodynamic Suspension in a Bearingless Motor","authors":"GUILHERME CAVALCANTE RUBIO;VISHNU C. HOTHUR KOMAL;YUSUKE FUJII;AKIRA CHIBA","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2023.3236984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2023.3236984","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a bearingless motor with passive electrodynamic axial suspension. The axial suspension force is generated by a specific coil configuration called a figure-eight coil. Radial directions and tilting angles are stabilized by passive permanent magnet bearings. Since axial electrodynamic force increases with rotational speed, it must overcome a certain minimum threshold speed to compensate for the rotor weight and the unstable axial force caused by the permanent magnet bearing. Theoretical equations are derived for the braking torque caused by the suspension current and for the steady-state axial equilibrium position at constant rotational speed. A method based on the braking torque equation is proposed for correcting the mismatch between the magnetic center of the bearingless motor and the middle point of the axial clearance. This method sets the middle point between upper and lower touchdown positions in the same place where the motor current is minimum during passive axial suspension. Axial suspension is confirmed in the experiment with a noncontact laser sensor.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/10019578.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237732
Yafeng Wang;Tiefu Zhao
Step voltage regulator (SVR) has been utilized in power distribution systems for decades as the voltage regulation device. Due to the increasing integration of distributed energy resources, the conventional SVR is severely challenged by the modern power distribution pattern with high renewable energy penetration. The induced arc from the conventional SVR tap change and more frequent tap changes due to voltage instability from the renewable energy impose constraints on the conventional SVRs lifetime. Meanwhile, the conventional SVR device cannot regulate the voltage accurately since the SVR regulates the voltage step-by-step. This article proposed a hybrid voltage regulator with high-efficiency and low contact wearing, which can achieve arcless tap change and stepless voltage regulation by using a fractionally rated back-to-back power converter. The accurate load voltage regulation is guaranteed, while the tap changer mechanism remains in the system, which helps to promote the upgrade to the existing power distribution systems. The power converter capacity in the proposed topology is only 0.31% of the distribution transformer rating to achieve a stepless voltage regulation range of ±10%, significantly reducing the system cost compared with the full power electronics solutions and projects high total system efficiency. The proposed hybrid voltage regulator was simulated and experimentally validated. The experimental results demonstrate arcless tap change operation and stepless voltage regulation. Collaborative operation between the conventional mechanical tap change and the power converter operation is also demonstrated to acquire large voltage regulation with fast-acting voltage control.
{"title":"A High-Efficiency Low-Wearing Hybrid Voltage Regulator for Utility Applications","authors":"Yafeng Wang;Tiefu Zhao","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2023.3237732","url":null,"abstract":"Step voltage regulator (SVR) has been utilized in power distribution systems for decades as the voltage regulation device. Due to the increasing integration of distributed energy resources, the conventional SVR is severely challenged by the modern power distribution pattern with high renewable energy penetration. The induced arc from the conventional SVR tap change and more frequent tap changes due to voltage instability from the renewable energy impose constraints on the conventional SVRs lifetime. Meanwhile, the conventional SVR device cannot regulate the voltage accurately since the SVR regulates the voltage step-by-step. This article proposed a hybrid voltage regulator with high-efficiency and low contact wearing, which can achieve arcless tap change and stepless voltage regulation by using a fractionally rated back-to-back power converter. The accurate load voltage regulation is guaranteed, while the tap changer mechanism remains in the system, which helps to promote the upgrade to the existing power distribution systems. The power converter capacity in the proposed topology is only 0.31% of the distribution transformer rating to achieve a stepless voltage regulation range of ±10%, significantly reducing the system cost compared with the full power electronics solutions and projects high total system efficiency. The proposed hybrid voltage regulator was simulated and experimentally validated. The experimental results demonstrate arcless tap change operation and stepless voltage regulation. Collaborative operation between the conventional mechanical tap change and the power converter operation is also demonstrated to acquire large voltage regulation with fast-acting voltage control.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/10018870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232255
These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.
这些说明为编写本出版物的论文提供了指导。为在本期刊上发表文章的作者提供信息。
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232255","url":null,"abstract":"These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/10015085.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3176975
Aldo Canova;Michele Quercio
This paper analysesthe impact on workers of the electromagnetic field produced by large furnaces for glass production. The paper also propose a solution for the reduction and the containment of magnetic induction levels below the limits imposed by national and international directives. Using a three-dimensional numerical calculation code based on the hypothesis of filiform conductors in the air (Biot-savart law). The choice of the solution is based on the technique named highly coupled magnetically passive loop technique (HMCPL). The solution was then implemented and a comparison between the magnetic induction values before and after the installation of the shielding solution is presented.
{"title":"A Shielding System Proposal for the Cabling of Electric Glass Melters","authors":"Aldo Canova;Michele Quercio","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3176975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3176975","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analysesthe impact on workers of the electromagnetic field produced by large furnaces for glass production. The paper also propose a solution for the reduction and the containment of magnetic induction levels below the limits imposed by national and international directives. Using a three-dimensional numerical calculation code based on the hypothesis of filiform conductors in the air (Biot-savart law). The choice of the solution is based on the technique named highly coupled magnetically passive loop technique (HMCPL). The solution was then implemented and a comparison between the magnetic induction values before and after the installation of the shielding solution is presented.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/10008995.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232119
Lingyu Chen;Yusuke Fujii;Akira Chiba
The torque density improvement of a low-speed high-torque swirling actuator is presented in this article. The swirling actuator is driven by the electromagnetic radial force and integrated mechanical gears. The electromagnetic radial force generates the circular motion of the swirler, which is converted into the low-speed rotor rotation by the mechanical gears. First, the dimensions of the swirler with 12-pole permanent magnets are optimized to enhance the electromagnetic radial force by analytical calculation and three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Second, an improved gear set with a reduced pressure angle and an increased transmission ratio is designed. The gear efficiency and torque are investigated analytically considering the friction loss. Two prototypes are designed, and the experimental results exhibit that the peak torque density is improved from 27 to 64 Nm/L with a small volume of 0.16 L.
{"title":"Torque Density Improvement of a Low-Speed High-Torque Swirling Actuator Driven by Electromagnetic Radial Force With Integrated Mechanical Gears","authors":"Lingyu Chen;Yusuke Fujii;Akira Chiba","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232119","url":null,"abstract":"The torque density improvement of a low-speed high-torque swirling actuator is presented in this article. The swirling actuator is driven by the electromagnetic radial force and integrated mechanical gears. The electromagnetic radial force generates the circular motion of the swirler, which is converted into the low-speed rotor rotation by the mechanical gears. First, the dimensions of the swirler with 12-pole permanent magnets are optimized to enhance the electromagnetic radial force by analytical calculation and three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Second, an improved gear set with a reduced pressure angle and an increased transmission ratio is designed. The gear efficiency and torque are investigated analytically considering the friction loss. Two prototypes are designed, and the experimental results exhibit that the peak torque density is improved from 27 to 64 Nm/L with a small volume of 0.16 L.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/09999314.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study experimentally investigates the acoustic noise, vibration, and power consumption in a one-degree-of-freedom actively positioned single-drive bearingless motor, which has radial passive magnetic bearings (RPMBs) and compared to an identical stator part and rotor shaft with radial mechanical ball bearings. For the experiment, three test motors were set up: (a) a bearingless motor with two RPMB, (b) a motor with two ball bearings without an axial preload, and (c) a motor with two ball bearings with an axial preload. Motor (a) under test had one-axis active positioning and the radial movements were supported by RPMB made of cylindrical permanent magnets. Conversely, in motors (b) and (c), the radial and axial movements were supported by ball bearings, and there was no production of active axial force. The experimental results confirmed that the levels of acoustic noise, stator vibration, and input power consumption were significantly lower in motor (a) than those in motors (b) and (c). In the analysis section, dynamic models of the bearingless motor with RPMB and motor with ball bearings were designed and simulated using MATLAB $backslash$ Simulink. The low radial stiffness in RPMB was found to contribute to acoustic noise and vibration reductions. Thus, this article presents an example of a one-degree-of-freedom actively positioned bearingless motor with RPMB that realizes reductions of acoustic noise, stator vibration, and input power consumption.
{"title":"Comparison of Acoustic Noise and Vibration in Ball-Bearing-Supported Motors and One-Axis Actively Positioned Single-Drive Bearingless Motor With Two Radial Permanent-Magnet Passive Magnetic Bearings","authors":"Theeraphong Srichiangsa;Surya Narayana Gunda;Hiroya Sugimoto;Yusuke Fujii;Kyohei Kiyota;Junichi Asama;Akira Chiba","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3232116","url":null,"abstract":"This study experimentally investigates the acoustic noise, vibration, and power consumption in a one-degree-of-freedom actively positioned single-drive bearingless motor, which has radial passive magnetic bearings (RPMBs) and compared to an identical stator part and rotor shaft with radial mechanical ball bearings. For the experiment, three test motors were set up: (a) a bearingless motor with two RPMB, (b) a motor with two ball bearings without an axial preload, and (c) a motor with two ball bearings with an axial preload. Motor (a) under test had one-axis active positioning and the radial movements were supported by RPMB made of cylindrical permanent magnets. Conversely, in motors (b) and (c), the radial and axial movements were supported by ball bearings, and there was no production of active axial force. The experimental results confirmed that the levels of acoustic noise, stator vibration, and input power consumption were significantly lower in motor (a) than those in motors (b) and (c). In the analysis section, dynamic models of the bearingless motor with RPMB and motor with ball bearings were designed and simulated using MATLAB \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$backslash$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 Simulink. The low radial stiffness in RPMB was found to contribute to acoustic noise and vibration reductions. Thus, this article presents an example of a one-degree-of-freedom actively positioned bearingless motor with RPMB that realizes reductions of acoustic noise, stator vibration, and input power consumption.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"35-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/09999318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3229849
Candra Adi Wiguna;Yifei Cai;Lim Li Sing Sarah Lilian;Jihad Furqani;Yusuke Fujii;Kyohei Kiyota;Akira Chiba
This article presents a novel method for vibration and acoustic noise reduction in a three-phase 6/10 switched reluctance motor (SRM). The test machine has major vibration and acoustic noise at the 2 ${text{nd}}$ , 4 ${text{th}}$ , 5 ${text{th}}$ , 7 ${text{th}}$ , and 8 ${text{th}}$ harmonics. Accordingly, a novel method called “selective radial force harmonics reduction” is proposed. The proposed method selectively reduces the specific radial force harmonics at the stator teeth. By reducing the specific radial force harmonics such as 2 ${text{nd}}$ , 4 ${text{th}}$ , 5 ${text{th}}$ , 7 ${text{th}}$ , and 8 ${text{th}}$ , the corresponding vibration and acoustic noise can be reduced significantly in the test machine. In this study, a current calculation for the proposed method is introduced. In addition, finite element analysis and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with a conventional square current, the experimental results show that the overall sound pressure level is reduced by 7.1 dBA using the proposed method at the rated speed and torque. The dynamic conditions of the test machine using the proposed method are also presented. As a result, the proposed method is effective in reducing vibration and acoustic noise in the three-phase 6/10 SRM.
{"title":"Vibration and Acoustic Noise Reduction in Switched Reluctance Motor by Selective Radial Force Harmonics Reduction","authors":"Candra Adi Wiguna;Yifei Cai;Lim Li Sing Sarah Lilian;Jihad Furqani;Yusuke Fujii;Kyohei Kiyota;Akira Chiba","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3229849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3229849","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel method for vibration and acoustic noise reduction in a three-phase 6/10 switched reluctance motor (SRM). The test machine has major vibration and acoustic noise at the 2\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{nd}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 4\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 5\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 7\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and 8\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 harmonics. Accordingly, a novel method called “selective radial force harmonics reduction” is proposed. The proposed method selectively reduces the specific radial force harmonics at the stator teeth. By reducing the specific radial force harmonics such as 2\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{nd}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 4\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 5\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, 7\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and 8\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, the corresponding vibration and acoustic noise can be reduced significantly in the test machine. In this study, a current calculation for the proposed method is introduced. In addition, finite element analysis and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with a conventional square current, the experimental results show that the overall sound pressure level is reduced by 7.1 dBA using the proposed method at the rated speed and torque. The dynamic conditions of the test machine using the proposed method are also presented. As a result, the proposed method is effective in reducing vibration and acoustic noise in the three-phase 6/10 SRM.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"4 ","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/10008994/09991075.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3222852
HADI EL KHATIB;DIETER GERLING;MICHAEL SAUR
This article proposes an enhanced version of the deadbeat flux vector controller (DBFC) as a one single control law that can operate in the entire torque–speed plane. The operation at any feasible modulation index can be accomplished by adequate determination of the flux trajectories at the different operating regions (e.g., PWM, overmodulation (I and II), and six-step). Continuous and seamless transition between the four operating regions is guaranteed, where the modulation index changes linearly with speed between PWM and six-step (without abrupt change in torque or acoustic problems). With the proposed strategy, undesirable torque dynamics, stability problems, and increased computational efforts associated with using multiple control laws are avoided. The transient performance of DBFC at the maximum voltage limit is analyzed in detail in the flux plane. A time-optimal torque control algorithm is developed to achieve the fastest possible torque dynamics and to considerably reduce the settling time, without the use of a voltage margin. The torque can be controlled with high accuracy and high robustness to machine parameter variations. With DBFC, no tradeoff between good steady state six-step behavior and good transient performance is needed due to the decoupling of switching and calculation frequencies. The proposed DBFC controller offers valuable features, and it is simple to implement. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed control algorithm, which is implemented on an automotive microcontroller with a high-power/high-performance automotive traction machine.
{"title":"Deadbeat Flux Vector Control as a One Single Control Law Operating in the Linear, Overmodulation, and Six-Step Regions With Time-Optimal Torque Control","authors":"HADI EL KHATIB;DIETER GERLING;MICHAEL SAUR","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3222852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3222852","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an enhanced version of the deadbeat flux vector controller (DBFC) as a one single control law that can operate in the entire torque–speed plane. The operation at any feasible modulation index can be accomplished by adequate determination of the flux trajectories at the different operating regions (e.g., PWM, overmodulation (I and II), and six-step). Continuous and seamless transition between the four operating regions is guaranteed, where the modulation index changes linearly with speed between PWM and six-step (without abrupt change in torque or acoustic problems). With the proposed strategy, undesirable torque dynamics, stability problems, and increased computational efforts associated with using multiple control laws are avoided. The transient performance of DBFC at the maximum voltage limit is analyzed in detail in the flux plane. A time-optimal torque control algorithm is developed to achieve the fastest possible torque dynamics and to considerably reduce the settling time, without the use of a voltage margin. The torque can be controlled with high accuracy and high robustness to machine parameter variations. With DBFC, no tradeoff between good steady state six-step behavior and good transient performance is needed due to the decoupling of switching and calculation frequencies. The proposed DBFC controller offers valuable features, and it is simple to implement. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed control algorithm, which is implemented on an automotive microcontroller with a high-power/high-performance automotive traction machine.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"247-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09954164.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3201161
Norma Anglani;Giovanna Oriti;Ruth Fish;Douglas L. Van Bossuyt
This paper presents an original two-steps methodology to size DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) in stand-alone microgrids, to be installed in different areas, featuring different meteorological conditions, but same kind of loads. Design examples are simulated to analyze how an increased level of resilience, considered in terms of number of days of autonomy after an initial incident, affects the sizing of a PV field and its storage. A practical tool to support strategic choices is methodologically illustrated and applied to two case studies to find the best configuration, which is identified by a trade-off among fuel consumption, sizes of PV arrays and resilience. Key design parameters help in designing the best system according to the location, by focusing on the newly identified key performance indicator $NPV^{s}$ , the simplified net present value of specific scenarios of interest, where a penalty is introduced to account for less than the ideal target of autonomy. The model-based design used to create the microgrid simulations is validated by experimental measurements on a test-bed hybrid microgrid.
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