Plant Nano Biology最新文献

This article examines the viability of utilizing plant biomolecules in the environmentally sustainable synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). By harnessing their intrinsic capabilities of reduction and capping, plants present an environmentally friendly and economically viable substitute for conventional synthesis techniques. Through the manipulation of diverse parameters throughout the synthesis procedure, scientists are capable of attaining Cu NPs in the desired shapes and sizes, thereby customizing them to suit particular applications. This review centers on copper owing to its cost-effectiveness in comparison to other frequently utilized metals such as gold and silver. It explores the mechanisms that govern the environmentally friendly synthesis of Cu NPs. We conduct an exhaustive analysis of their wide-ranging medical and healthcare applications, emphasizing their capacity to fundamentally transform numerous treatment approaches. Furthermore, the review offers valuable perspectives on alternative synthesis techniques, facilitating a comparative evaluation and enabling well-informed choices to be made regarding particular applications. Through the integration of knowledge regarding environmentally friendly synthesis methods, a wide range of practical implementations, and economic factors, the objective of this review is to furnish a valuable asset to scientists, researchers, and healthcare practitioners who are investigating the capacity of Cu NPs to propel medical progress.

In the present study, we explore the potential of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi (FS) in-vivo plant material and in-vitro-grown callus as a bio-template for AgNPs synthesis, highlighting its eco-friendly and bio-inspired sustainable approach. The comparative efficacy of natural plant material and its callus culture was assessed for AgNP synthesis by employing both sunlight and microwave irradiation as separate synthesis methods. This yielded four distinct types of AgNPs denoted as CS-AgNPs, PS-AgNPs, CM-AgNPs, and PM-AgNPs. Sunlight-irradiated AgNP synthesis optimized at near to neutral pH (6.6), whereas microwave-assisted synthesis needed a basic pH for synthesis. Optimization of these AgNPs involved varying concentrations of AgNO₃, plant aqueous extract (PAE), and callus aqueous extract (CAE) of FS, exposure time to sunlight and microwave radiation, as well as pH adjustments. The particle size of these AgNPs ranged from 5 to 30 nm, having a crystalline nature with a similar fringe width of 0.22 nm, as observed from HR-TEM analysis. These AgNPs showed significant antibacterial properties against the clinical isolates with λmax 420 nm. Importantly, CAE outperformed PAE for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, mainly in the presence of sunlight-producing CS-AgNPs. These CS-AgNPs are rapidly synthesized, well dispersed and stable, showing significant antibacterial activity, and the least environmental phytotoxicity. It promoted the number of secondary roots, seedling DW, and TWC with 100% seed germination. This highlights their sustainable features for exploring industrial eco-friendly nonmanufacturing of AgNPs using callus culture and sunlight irradiation.

This study explores the novel application of terbium-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles for fluorescence imaging in plant cells. The study encompasses microwave assisted solid state synthesis as well as the structural and optical characterization of terbium-doped strontium aluminate nanophosphors, their toxicity studies in plant and animal cells and their use as a fluorescent dye for plant imaging. The X-ray diffraction pattern analysis, along with Rietveld refinement studies, show the formation of SrAl₂O₄ as a dominant crystalline phase. Photoluminescence investigations demonstrate green emission from Tb³⁺ transition levels. In vitro biocompatibility of terbium-doped strontium aluminate nanophosphors was studied using L929 fibroblast cells. The plant Clitoria ternatea was used to examine phytotoxicity. The samples' potential for bioimaging was further investigated. Our findings reveal improved growth of seedlings, positioning these nanoparticles as promising tools in plant-related research. This study advances our understanding of nanoparticle-plant interactions and holds potential for transformative applications in agriculture.

To address the escalating global demand for food production, it is imperative to minimize agricultural losses caused by pests, accounting for up to 40 % of the substantial worldwide losses of 70 billion USD. While conventional pesticides raise environmental concerns, environmentally friendly alternatives like curcumin and carvacrol face low biological activity due to their low solubility and premature degradation in environmental conditions, that is, degradation can occur due to solar radiation, high temperature, etc., before the active ingredients can exert its full potential. This study introduces zein-based nanocarriers encapsulating curcumin and carvacrol, exhibiting favorable characteristics. Cytotoxicity tests indicate approximately 60% viability for fibroblast cell lines compared to 20% for keratinocyte cell lines. The nanoencapsulated compounds exhibit promising biological activity against soybean pests, mites, and caterpillars, without causing phytotoxicity. Tetranychus urticae mortality rates reach 77.1 ± 11.5 %, and nanoencapsulated ingredients demonstrate higher repellency (61.1 ± 8.8%) than emulsified ones (51.1 ± 5.4 %). Nanoencapsulated ingredients exhibit significantly higher mortality rates for Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera eridania, underscoring the potential of nanoencapsulation in bolstering bioactivity against specific pests and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) and soybean (Glycine max) are proteinaceous legumes susceptible to salinity stress. This study aimed to evaluate the fertigating potential of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in improving the physiochemical status, yield parameters, and seed nutritional qualities of the legumes exposed to salinity stress. Characterization of the synthesized SiNPs revealed amorphous, round-shaped particles, a size of 15–40 nm, and a surface charge of −6.18 mV. Different concentrations of SiNPs (0, 1, 5, 10 g/L) were applied to the plants in combination with four different concentrations of NaCl (0, 200, 400, 600 mM) during the reproductive phase of plants. The results indicated that the SiNPs (especially 10 g/L) efficiently reduced the negative impacts of salinity by improving the physiochemical parameters (growth, pigments, primary metabolites, antioxidant enzymes). Similarly, the improvement in yield parameters (pods per plant, pod length, seeds/10 pods, etc.) and seed nutritional attributes (protein, sugar, free amino acids, free fatty acid, polyphenol contents, etc.) were observed irrespective of the NaCl concentrations. Specifically, applying 10 g/L SiNPs enhanced the total pod numbers by 1.70, and 1.57 folds; and the total number of seeds/10 pods by 1.44, and 1.65 in lentil and soybean plants, respectively, compared to the control set (600 mM NaCl). Moreover, the seed protein content was augmented by 3.29, and 1.30 folds compared to the 600 mM NaCl stressed plants (lentil and soybean, respectively) when treated with 10 g/L SiNPs. Therefore, it can be concluded that SiNPs can be used sustainably to improve yield and nutritional attributes under stressed conditions.

In response to the growing worldwide demand for enhanced agricultural output and sustainable farming practices, nanopesticides have become a significant area of investigation in agricultural research. Importantly, the fate, distribution, and efficacy of any nanopesticide is linked to the interfacial attributes and dynamic interactions between the outer surfaces – cuticle – of plants and insects. This review starts with an outline of the diverse pathways facilitating the accumulation of nanopesticides on plant cuticles, including their eventual transfer to the cuticles of insect pests. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview is provided of the micro- and nano-scale morphological features characteristic of plant and insect cuticles, along with the implications these features hold for their interactions with various nanopesticides. The review then focuses on interactions between nanopesticides and insect cuticles mediated through the plant cuticle. Finally, nanoscale mechanistic processes are discussed, with an emphasis on aspects such as wetting dynamics, critical length scales (e.g., inter-crystal spacing of waxes and surface wavelengths), and interdigitation and molecular adhesion processes of long-chain and macromolecular nanocarriers. Collectively, the review elucidates the essential interfacial processes governing the transfer and adhesion of nanopesticides between entities. The concluding section provides an overview of the prevailing challenges and potential avenues for understanding the transport and deposition mechanisms of nanopesticides to plants and insects.

Microbial nanotechnology includes the synthesis and/or functionalization of various types of nanoparticles using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. Microbial nanotechnology provides an easy, reliable and eco-friendly method for nanoparticle synthesis which has tremendous applications in different fields such as agriculture, biomedicines, the food industry, the environment, and electronics. While considering the agricultural aspects, the environmental changes have dramatically impacted crop production globally. Abiotic (drought, heat, salinity, heavy metals, cold, UV-radiations) and biotic stress factors (bacteria, fungi, parasites, weeds, insects) are negatively affecting crop growth and development. Nanotechnologies are looked upon as a potent tool for crop improvements targeted at yield enhancements and stress-tolerance. Microbially synthesized nanoparticles have been reported to alleviate the stress impacts and promote plant growth under stress conditions. Different types of nanoparticles including carbon-based, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized with the help of microbial resources are being successfully explored for conferring stress tolerance in crop plants, or in developing stress-smart crops that can withstand stressful conditions without much yield penalties. The current review focuses on the current understandings and updates on biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms and their resources. Success stories on exploring the microbial nanotechnological approaches and associated advantages for increasing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and thus producing stress-smart crops are presented.

Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture, impacting crop production through various means such as rising drought, temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and changing pest dynamics. These changes pose a threat to global food security and livelihoods due to reduced yields, lower crop quality, and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases. To safeguard crops and build resilience, addressing climate change and adopting sustainable agricultural practices is crucial for sustainable productivity. The review highlights the chitosan based nanoconjugates potential as a tool to revolutionize agricultural practices and help to address the challenges posed by climate change on crop production and food security. Environmental stresses trigger a range of responses in plants, including changes to growth rate, productivity, cellular metabolism, and gene expression alterations. One of the paramount impacts of climate change on plants is water deficit stress, which disrupts water relations, causes metabolic disturbances, generates reactive oxygen species, and leads to crop damage. To counteract these adverse effects, chitosan, a naturally occurring polymer emerged as a promising biostimulator and elicitor in agriculture. Its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties make it well-suited for various applications. Chitosan enhances physiological responses in plants and helps to mitigate the negative impacts of abiotic stresses by activating stress transduction pathways. Chitosan nanoconjugates, formed by integrating chitosan with metallic nanoparticles, exhibit modified structural and functional properties, making them more effective in mitigating stress-related effects in plants. Their intelligent and slow delivery mechanisms contribute to their success in enhancing plant growth and development sustainably. Additionally, the encapsulation of metals or elements in chitosan reduces toxicity, enables slow-release properties, and ensures long-lasting effects. Nanoconjugates have been successfully utilized for priming agricultural and horticultural crops to enhance their tolerance to abiotic stress and promote sustainable yield improvement. Given their promising results, the use of nanoconjugates for priming agricultural crops and promoting sustainable yield improvement warrants continued exploration and development in the field of agricultural nanotechnology.

Although silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely employed in diverse industries, including agriculture, concerns about their adverse effects on plants at higher concentrations prompt exploration of alternatives, such as Ag/SiO₂ NCs. Adding nano SiO₂ is anticipated to create a complex with Ag⁺ ions, potentially decreasing their release into the environment and mitigating toxicity. The potential of Ag/SiO₂ NCs as plant growth stimulants remains understudied to date. In this context, the study evaluates the impact of Ag/SiO₂ NCs on 30-day-old Z. mays plants compared to Ag NPs at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations and on soil health. Soil health analysis revealed that both Ag NPs and Ag/SiO₂ NCs supported the proliferation of P-solubilizing and N-fixing bacteria. Bioaccumulation analysis reveals higher Ag content in plants treated with Ag/SiO₂ NCs, attributed to reduced agglomeration. Ag NPs exhibited concentration-dependent toxicity as 200 ppm hindered Z. mays growth, chlorophyll levels and absorption of P, Mg and K, whereas 100 ppm was found to be stimulatory. In stark contrast, Ag/SiO₂ NCs demonstrated a remarkable capacity to mitigate Ag toxicity. The beneficial impact of Ag/SiO₂ NCs on growth metrics, chlorophyll levels, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient absorption was observed at both 100 and 200 ppm. However, it was more pronounced at 100 ppm concentration. This suggests that incorporating SiO₂ in NCs may counteract the toxic effects of Ag, possibly through the complexation of Ag⁺ and a slower release mechanism.

Of late, promptly responding materials have been the centre-stage of interdisciplinary research. Nanotechnology has emerged as a blessing herein, enabling atomic scale resolution manifested by increasing precision of structural, surface and functionality probing characterizations. Amongst the manifold nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) of transition metals have swiftly emerged as prominent functionality enhancing entities, attributed to quantum confinement (QC) of d sub-shells unpaired electrons encompassed varied oxidation states. Renewable and eco-friendly methods of making NPs have swiftly gathered scientific and academic attention owing to their steadfast workability. In this context, plant extracts (PEs) serve as green reducing agents to obtain zerovalent NMs from complex metal salts. The prepared NPs are recognized initially via QC driven distinct optics and subsequently through explicit structural inspections. The encouraging aspects of plant resources herein include their robust availability and nature-friendly working, ruling out the separate addition of capping agent. Secondary plant metabolites comprise the backbone of PE, making them even more befitting for biological applications. Realizing this, the present article focuses on the structure-function regulated chemistry of CuO NPs with recent advances in their plant resources driven formation. The discussed studies comprise the post 2018 attempts retrieved from the “Pubmed” using the keywords “Bioactivities of Plant Resources Fabricated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles”. The sole objective herein is to understand the diverse applications of CuO NPs vis-à-vis modulated constitutional energy levels and tuneable semi-conducting features. The discussion herein could strengthen the biomedical an environmental utility of integrating renewable plant resources and CuO NPs versatilities for a sustainable future.