Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

Type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disorder. Researchers observed the presence of viral Coxsackie virus B proteins within the β-cells in islets shortly after inoculating mice. This observation led them to establish a link between children who have T1D and an infection with the CVB. The objective of this research was to measure the degree of gene expression of highly expressed genes in individuals who were both infected with Coxsackie viruses B and previously had T1D. Additionally, levels of CVB IgG and HbA1c were assessed in the blood serum of patients with T1D.This correlation was assessed by analyzing the expression of genes with significantly extreme expression levels using logarithmic analysis with specialized mathematical software. This study revealed that there is an association between CVB IgG and HbA1c levels in T1D patients. Additionally, T1D patients with a family history of diabetes showed associations with genetic factors and gene expression. Interestingly, no significant differences in HbA1c levels were observed between patients based on their gender. Furthermore, the genes IGFBP5, GPNMB, and GJA1 exhibited a strong association with CVB. We propose a new strategy that may open up new therapy options for T1D caused by CVB through monitoring the physiological pathways of these genes.

Objectives

HPV infection is a widely acknowledged cause of infection-related cancers globally. However, HPV vaccine is a reliable and risk-free method to avert HPV infection and is advised for children aged from 9 to 14, irrespective of their gender. Therefore, when considering the vaccination for human papilloma virus (HPV), viewpoints held by parents hugely impact their decision to vaccinate their daughters. This study aims to evaluate Saudi parents' comprehension and perception of HPV (human papilloma virus) and the HPV vaccine and its acceptability.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate parents of adolescent daughters. An online questionnaire was conducted using Google form to gather information about socio-demographic data, awareness, and knowledge of HPV, and the willingness to accept the HPV vaccine.

Results

Out of 424 participants, three-quarters of the participants were mothers 319 (75.2%) and 105 (24.8%) were fathers. Over half of the respondents (53.8%) were acknowledged that HPV is a cause of cervical cancer where the relationship was found to be significant in relation to gender. Almost half of the participants (47.0%) were acknowledged that HPV vaccine is used to prevent cervical cancer which was statistically significant in relation to gender (P = .034) but (47.9%) did not know. Encouragingly, levels of vaccine acceptance were high (54.7%) although (41.0%) had a negative attitude towards the effectiveness of HPV vaccine with strong belief that the vaccine can cause serious side effects (67.0%). Parents with family history of cervical cancer and were aware that the vaccine can prevent cervical cancer were positively associated.

Purpose

Brucellosis infection could be eradicated by using an effective vaccine. Inf C gene expression generates one of the main Brucella pathogenesis proteins. The purpose of this study was to design a new vaccine against Brucella disease by in silico determination of epitopes of inf C protein.

Methods

In the first, Inf C amino acid sequences were extracted from the UniProt database and subjected to in silico analysis, including multiple sequence alignment, conserved region determination, allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity of the selected epitopes for TCL, HTL, and BCl. Vaccine-target (MHC alleles and TLRs) interactions, binding affinities, and dynamical stabilities were inspected through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) using Cluspro 2 server and GROMACS packages respectively. Further, the codon adaptation of the designed vaccine was determined by the JCat server and the obtained sequence was cloned in pET19b(+)vector by pDRAW32 software. Finally, the ability of the newer vaccine to stimulate the immune response was assessed using a computational immune simulation.

Results

Results allowed us to select a peptide vaccine on basis of its good binding affinities with TLR-8 allele. The multi-peptide vaccine showed also to be highly antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and potential expression in E coli. Results showed also good stability of the vaccine–TLR8 complex and strong cellular and humoral immune response after three in silico injections of the vaccine construct.

Conclusion

All these theoretical results reveal that the conserved region of inf C protein could be used for designing of a new potent vaccine against Brucella.

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), is a member of the Coronaviridae family. The benefits of the primary COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks. Nevertheless, the risks associated with too early and too frequent boosters should be considered, especially when vaccines have immune-mediated effects like myocarditis, which is more commonly associated with the second dose of some mRNA vaccines. Booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are needed because of either reduced immunity to the original vaccine or evolved viruses producing immunity to the initial vaccine antigens. So, the aim of this study was to detect the difference in neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies between the third and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. A study was performed among 29 eligible participants in Birjand (Iran). Blood samples were taken from all participants 2–4 weeks after the third dose. In the next step, humoral responses were assessed with a kit detecting neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. SPSS software version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the data. The mean age of cases was 35.62 ± 8.72 years, with a range of 21–53 years. The obtained results showed that all vaccines significantly had a higher efficacy in the third dose than the second. Participants who received Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose had more immunogenicity. According to the results of this study, a third dose of the vaccine should be given to persons aged ≥ 20 years to provide an increased level of protection against COVID-19. Especially, participants who received Sputnik-V and Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose showed a more effective immune response against the virus.

In 2019, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide and posed a global threat. The co-infection among COVID-19 patients was reported variable in different studies. However, it could reach 50% of non-survivor patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are responsible for respiratory infections and also can act as co-pathogens with COVID-19, making their detection challenging. These bacteria exhibit similar clinical signs to COVID-19, leading to potential oversight. Furthermore, treating these bacteria requires a different antibiotic regimen compared to typical respiratory bacterial agents. Thus, recognizing the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and outcomes of co-infections is crucial for improving understanding and treatment strategies.

Introduction

The present review focuses on innate–adaptative immune stimulation by COVID-19 vaccines, especially by mRNA-iLNP vaccines. It describes iLNP and nucleoside-modified mRNA technologies, reverse transcription, inflammatory signals linked to reactogenicity, including vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated vascular cross-talk, induced by systemic and spike protein, which mimic COVID-persistent. Finally, the connection between the manifestation of severe forms of adverse reactions to vaccination and molecular mimicry, the production of particular autoantibodies and the role of certain vaccine adjuvants are discussed in detail.

Objectives

To identify articles that publish information on the adverse effects produced after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in order to demonstrate their therapeutic potential in the treatment–prevention of disease; as well as to demonstrate the association of causality and temporal ocurrence.

Methodology

Systematic review of the scientific literature published between July 2021 and July 2023, which analyses all reports of inflammatory signatures of serious adverse effects caused by COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

The systematic review identified 2033 records which, after a screening process according to the inclusion criteria and the elimination of duplicated papers, work with methodological problems and work without open access, were reduced to 58 articles, of which 50 articles are human models and 2 are cellular models.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review reveal the causal and temporal association of the various serious adverse events following administration of COVID-19 vaccines and the “peak effect” of COVID-19 vaccines is recognised.

Background

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, with its well-known consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, has triggered an intense mobilization of the scientific community in the search for knowledge about the SARS-Cov2 virus and the development of a vaccine.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and intentions of the resident Cape Verdean population regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study involving 1704 resident Cape Verdeans, whose ages ranged from 16 to 60 years old and the majority of participants were male (52.6%). The data was collected using the Google form platform between March 9 and 15, 2021.

Results

The data indicated that the majority of participants (95.8%) knew of at least one approved vaccine against COVID-19, and this knowledge (74.9%) was obtained from television, radio, and newspapers. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was the best known (54.1%) among the study subjects and the majority of respondents (69.7%) had enough information to consciously decide whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The majority (68.0%) of participants were in favor of the COVID-19 vaccine being administered to all interested people. About 59% of participants considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and 49.6% of participants intended to get vaccinated when the time came. The greatest vaccine hesitancy was related to fear of side effects (21.4%), followed by the fact that it was developed too quickly (12.8%). Health professionals were seen as the priority group (81.5%) to be vaccinated.

Conclusions

The results show that the Cape Verdean population had a good level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite initial hesitation, the vast majority of participants were willing to get vaccinated. These data suggest that awareness-raising, education, and information campaigns about the COVID-19 vaccine should be strengthened to reduce hesitation and increase confidence and adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine among Cape Verdean residents.

Introduction

The incidence of Bordetella pertussis infections in the Nineveh is affected by living conditions and the density of the population in specific geographic regions.

Aim

This study amid to assess the monitoring pertussis in Nineveh between 2017 and 2021.

Methods

This work focused on how MgSO4 impacts the activity of ptxP1 and ptxP3 genes in B. pertussis strains.

Results

Mosul, Al-Baaj, and Sinjar recorded higher rates of infection compared to other regions due to population density. The expression BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA, and ptxC was exhibited elevation when exposed to MgSO4 of 0 and 5 mM conc. On the other hand, WbpT, VipC, and KpsM showed high expression at a concentration of 50 mM of MgSO4. Pgm demonstrated elevated expression across all concentrations of MgSO4 for the ptxP1 strain, while maintaining consistently low expression for the ptxP3 strain. The potential of Pgm as a distinct marker, effectively distinguishing between the 2 strains of B. pertussis. This approach will allow for a more detailed exploration of the variations between bacterial strains regarding their genetic responses to MgSO4 concentrations.

Conclusions

Data analysis of microarray was indicated that ptxP3 strains are less affected by the inhibitory effects of sulfate root on undesirable gene expression. This investigation may lead for further studies into the role of sulfite root in pertussis's pathogenicity.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the neoplasms with higher mortality, causing around 700 000 deaths worldwide. Despite efforts in GC research, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and conventional surgery have not been sufficiently effective. Immunotherapy has been proposed as an alternative, and the most recent guidelines recommend its use as a third-line treatment for advanced GC. In this context, the development of an mRNA vaccine to control GC is presented as a promising alternative, either to stimulate an immune response against tumor cells or as a therapeutic option to restore the immune system and reduce mortality from GC. Although there is still a long way to go, technological advances and ongoing research bring us closer to the development of an mRNA vaccine for GC that can be administered in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.