Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology最新文献

BALB/c-mice were treated for 7 days with oral nonabsorbable dosages of mezlocillin to achieve digestive tract decontamination. Such a procedure resulted in rapid eradication of most species of aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora. Various functions of peritoneal macrophages (e. g. chemiluminescence response, chemotactic motility, bactericidal and cytostatic ability) and lymphocyte proliferation were decreased in decontaminated animals as compared to non-treated controls.

BALB/c-Mäuse wurden sieben Tage oral mit Mezlocillin behandelt, um eine Elimination der aeroben und anaeroben Mikroflora des Gastrointestinaltraktes herbeizuführen und deren Auswirkungen zu studieren. Verglichen mit Kontrolltieren zeigten Mezlocillin-behandelte Mäuse mit dekontaminiertem Gastrointestinaltrakt eine Einschränkung der Phagozytose-Aktivität (Chemilumineszenz-Test), der chemotaktischen Beweglichkeit (Chemotaxis-Test), des direkten Abtötungseffektes (Bakterienabtötungstest) und des zytostatischen Effektes (Thymidin-Inkorporationstest) von Peritonealmakrophagen sowie Reduktion der Lymphozytenproliferation.

The CAMP test was proposed by Lesmana and Rockhill (11) as a method to differentiate between classical V. cholerae (negative) and V. cholerae biotype El Tor (positive). Typical CAMP phenomena with a crescent-like zone of complete hemolysis were observed also with some strains of V. metschnikovii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. anguillarum when the cultures were incubated anaerobically (mostly also at aerobic conditions). No CAMP reaction was seen with V. harveyi and V. costicola.

135 Pasteurella strains were cultivated from nasal swabs of sheep as well as pneumonic lungs of dead and slaughtered sheep. The specimen originated from 41 flocks in South Germany and from 15 flocks and 60 slaughter sheep in Syria (Hama region).

Serovariety A2 prevailed amongst P. haemolytica strains (6) isolated in South Germany (53 strains) and in Syria (41 strains). In addition 10 further serovarieties were identified in South Germany (next frequent were A8, A1 and A6) and 7 in Syria. Untypable strains appeared to be more frequent in Syria.

Other Pasteurellae (17) represented ¼ of isolates in Syria and ⅓ of isolates in South Germany. Species identification resulted in P. multocida ssp. multocida (25), P. multocida ssp. septica (4 strains, Syria only), P. canis (3 strains, South Germany only) and Pasteurella-like strains (9 strains). Twelve P. multocida ssp. multocida strains carried capsular antigen D and 7 capsular antigen A.

In most cases where multiple samples were examined from one flock, strains with different capsular antigens and/or belonging to different Pasteurella species were isolated (max. 8).

Two Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains with differing susceptibility to penicillin G as expressed by the minimum inhibitory concentration were exposed in vitro over a period of 8 h to the continuously changing concentrations of ofloxacin achieved in human serum and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) after the single oral application of 600 mg. In both strains bacterial density was rapidly, but not totally reduced: a reduction by 99 percent took no longer than about 1 and 1.5 h resp. facing the serum level profile and about 1.5 h facing the tissue level profile. The maximum reduction of staphylococcal density in percent (k_n) amounted to 0.0007 and 0.0034 and to 0.0038 and 0.0047 resp. Thus not only the serum level profiles but also the skin tissue level profiles obtainable in man proved highly effective in vitro against S. aureus irrespective of the bacterial suspectibility against penicillin G. Therefore oral ofloxacin should prove useful in staphylococcal diseases especially in so far as cutaneous tissue is involved.

Zwei Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-Stämme mit unterschiedlicher Penicillin G-Empfindlichkeit gemessen an der minimalen Hemmkonzentration (MHK) wurden in vitro über 8 h hinweg den ständig schwankenden Ofloxacin-Konzentrationen ausgesetzt, die beim Menschen in Serum- und Kantharidinblasenflüssigkeit (CBF) nach der einmaligen peroralen Gabe von 600 mg erreicht werden. Bei beiden Stämmen wurde die Bakteriendichte rasch, wenn auch nicht vollständig verringert: eine Reduktion um 99% beanspruchte in Gegenwart des Serumspiegelprofils nur etwa 1 bis 1,5 h.

In Gegenwart des Gewebsspiegelprofils lag dieser Wert bei etwa 1,5 h. Die maximale Verringerung der Staphylokokkendichte in Prozent (k_n) belief sich auf 0,0007 und 0,0034, bzw. 0,0038 und 0,0047.

Somit erwies sich nicht nur das beim Menschen erreichbare Serumspiegelprofil, sondern auch das entsprechende Gewebsspiegelprofil als in vitro gegenüber S. aureus überaus wirksam. Dabei spielte die Penicillinempfindlichkeit der Erreger keine wesentliche Rolle. Die orale Anwendung von Ofloxacin bei Staphylokokkenerkrankungen dürfte sich demzufolge als nützlich erweisen, nicht zuletzt, was Hautinfektionen anbetrifft.

Two hydroxymethyltropolones and two tropolone acetate derivatives were found to inhibit an aminoglycoside-adenylyltranferase in a gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli strain. The inhibitory effect of tropolones depends on the nature of the aminoglycoside antibiotic subject to adenylation.

Combinations of hydroxymethyltropolones with tobramycin were more active compared with tropolone acetates against gentamicin-resistant strains displaying adenylyltransferase activity. On the contrary a combination of the investigated acetate with gentamicin was of lower activity.

It could be shown that these inhibitors inhibit, to a varying degree, the transfer of radioactive ATP to different aminoglycoside molecules.

Zwei Hydroxymethyltropolone und zwei Tropolonacetat-Verbindungen hemmten die Aminoglykosid-Adenylyl-Transferase eines Gentamycin-resistenten Escherichia coli Stammes. Dieser Hemmeffekt der Tropolone hängt auch ab vom Aminoglykosid-Antibiotikum. Die Kombinationen von Hydroxymethyltropolonen mit Tobramycin waren aktiver als Tropolonazetate gegen Gentamycin-resistente Stämme mit Adenylyltransferase-Aktivität. Demgegenüber erwies sich die Kombination der untersuchten Azetate mit Gentamycin als schwächer wirksam. Es konnte gezeigt Verden, daß diese Hemmsubstanzen den Transfer der radioaktiven ATP auf verschiedene Aminoglykosid-Moleküle im wechselnden Ausmaß hemmten.

Reference strains from five different species of Campylobacter were examined by DNA-restriction endonuclease analysis. The DNA profiles were resolved as absorbence peaks and converted to numerical values which were analysed by a Sirius microprocessor. The percentage similarity between each profile was calculated and the strains clustered together by the computer on shared similarities and the results displayed as an abbreviated dendrogram.

Each of the species of Campylobacter were clearly separated from each other and the different biotypes within a species could also be differentiated.

Serum-sensitive mutants and their serum-resistant smooth parental E. coli strains (Wf8, Wf26, and WF 52) have been investigated in respect to their binding of different complement components. These pairs consisting of a wild-type and its mutants represent a better model for the investigation of the mechanism of serum resistance than the comparison of unrelated strains. Both strains of a pair bind equivalent amounts of C3. In binding assays using radiolabeled terminal components C6, C7, C8, and C9, the serum-sensitive strains do bind more late acting components than their resistant parental strains. An active membrane attack complex stably bound to the cell surface was found on the mutants, whereas with wild-type bacteria a complex could be isolated from the supernatant which is composed of the late acting complement components and S-protein. This complex is released from the surface of the wild-type bacteria without participation of C9.

Propionibacterium avidum KP 40 cells were mechanically disintegrated in order to obtain the soluble immunostimulatory (antineoplastic) LYSAT. Chemiluminescence measurements of human leukocyte function yielded enhanced activation of the cells after incubation with 2.5 and 5 mg of LYSAT. As compared to non-treated controls, administration of LYSAT to BALB/c-mice (1, 2.5 and 5 mg; intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intranasal; 7, 4 and 2 days prior to challenge) induced a significant enlargement of the spleen as well as significantly reduced sarcoma L-1 lung colonization 14 days after challenge and evidently enhanced chemiluminescence response of peritoneal macrophages.

Propionibacterium avidum KP 40 Zellen wurden in einer Zellmühle mechanisch aufgelöst und weiter verarbeitet zum Immunstimulans LYSAT. Im Chemilumineszenz-Test offenbarten menschliche Leukozyten (Granulozyten und Monozyten) nach Inkubation mit 2,5 und 5 mg LYSAT eine gesteigerte Aktivität. Im Vergleich mit einer unbehandelten Kontroll-gruppe bewirkte die dreimalige LYSAT-Gabe in BALB/c-Mäusen (1, 2,5 und 5 mg; intraperitoneal, subkutan, nasal; 7, 4 und 2 Tage vor Testbeginn) eine signifikante Gewichtszunahme der Milz sowie eine signifikant reduzierte Anzahl von Lungenmetastasen 14 Tage nach Tumorzellinokulation und eine deutlich gesteigerte Aktivität der Peritoneal-makrophagen im Chemilumineszenz-Assay.

For the outbreak of diseases caused by Legionellae an infection by contaminated water is thought to be responsible. In the environment of patients with a high risk of infection (e. g. after kidney transplantation, immunosuppression) prophylactic measures (rising the temperature of the warm water to 60 °C) should be combined with bacteriological controls. It has to be taken into account, however, that only by taking a couple of samples from the same outlet during a period of time a colonization of central installation systems (sediments, storage tanks) can be discovered. In patients with acute pneumonia of unknown origin serological tests of Legionella antibodies are not very specific. Antibody titers of not infected and with Legionella infected patients show no significant difference. Well suited for the diagnosis of a legionellosis is the use of the Direct Immunofluorescent Antibody Assay (DFA) in invasively sampled specimens. In immunocompromised pneumonia patients 18.3% of bronchoalveolar lavages and 16.0% of bronchoalveolar aspirates are Legionella positive.

Für den Ausbruch von Legionellen-Erkrankungen wird im allgemeinen die Infektion durch kontaminiertes Wasser als Ursache angenommen. In der Umgebung gefährdeter Patienten (z.B. nach Nierentransplantation, Immunsuppression) sollten deshalb vorsorgliche Maßnahmen (Erhöhung der Warmwassertemperatur auf 60 °C) mit bakteriologischen Kontrollen kombiniert werden. Dabei ist zu bedenken, daß nur durch Erfassen mehrerer Wasserproben nach dem öffnen der Wasserzapfstelle zentrale Keimreservoire (z. B. Sediment, Wassertanks) erkennbar werden. Bei akuten unklaren Lungenerkrankungen sind serologische Untersuchungen auf Legionellenantikörper wenig spezifisch. Antikörpertiter von nicht-infizierten und mit Legionella infizierten Patienten zeigen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Als gut geeignete Methode zur Diagnose einer Legionellose erweist sich der Einsatz des Direkten Immunofluoreszenztests (DFA) bei bronchoskopisch gewonnenen Materialien. Bei immunsupprimierten Pneumonie-Patienten ergaben sich 18,3% positive Befunde in der Bronchiallavage und 16,0% im Bronchialsekret.

The influence of Mycoplasma species ( sp.) on the stimulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNG) was determined by means of the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method. When opsonized Mycoplasma sp. were used the CL response of PMNG was greater than in the presence of nonopsonized strains. Nonopsonized and nonspecifically opsonized Mycoplasma sp. showed a different CL response pattern. The stimulation of PMNG was with M. pneumoniae significantly weaker than with the other Mycoplasma sp. Using isolated M. hominis strains always the same CL-reaction of PMNG was observed. On the other hand, with 12 isolated U. urealyticum strains different results were obtained; 9 strains isolated from the upper urogenital tract lead to a slight PMNG stimulation comparable to that of M. pneumoniae. No correlation was found between CL response and bacterial killing. The weak stimulation of PMNG by M. pneumoniae and most of the U. urealyticum isolates suggest that this behaviour could be a factor of pathogenicity.