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An ethnomedicinal survey of cucurbitaceae family plants used in the folk medicinal practices of Bangladesh 1 孟加拉民间医药中葫芦科植物的民族医学调查1
Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.99583
M. Rahmatullah, Anup Biswas, W. M. Haq, S. Seraj, R. Jahan
Background: The Cucurbitaceae family comprising about 125 genera and 960 species is a family that is further characterized by commonly having five-angled stems and coiled tendrils and is also known as gourd family of flowering plants. Plant species belonging to this family have a worldwide distribution, but most species can be found in tropical and subtropical countries. A number of the plants belonging to this family have reported important pharmacological activities. Cucurbitaceae family plants are also in use in the folk medicinal system of Bangladesh-a traditional medicinal system, which mainly relies on medicinal plants for treatment of diverse ailments. Aims: Since folk medicinal practitioners form the first tier of primary health care in Bangladesh, the objective of this study was to conduct ethnomedicinal surveys among 75 folk medicinal practitioners (Kavirajes) practicing among the mainstream Bengali-speaking population of randomly selected 75 villages in 64 districts of Bangladesh and 8 tribal practitioners (1 each from 8 major indigenous communities or tribes, namely, Bede, Chakma, Garo, Khasia, Marma, Murong, Santal, and Tripura) of the country. Materials and Methods: Surveys were carried out with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method. Results: It was observed that the folk and tribal medicinal practitioners use a total of 19 Cucurbitaceae family species for treatment of ailments such as dysentery, diabetes, edema, skin disorders, leukoderma, hypertension, jaundice, typhoid, spleen disorders, respiratory problems, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, chicken pox, and cancer. The 19 species of Cucurbitaceae family plants in use were Benincasa hispida, Bryonopsis laciniosa, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus lanatu, Coccinia grandis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Hodgsonia macrocarpa, Lagenaria vulgaris, Luffa acutangula, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Momordica cochinchinensis, Trichosanthes anguina, Trichosanthes cordata, Trichosanthes dioica, and Trichosanthes kirilowii. The review of the available scientific literature showed that the use of a number of the above-mentioned plants in folk medicine can be validated based on their reported pharmacological activity studies. Conclusion: Taken together, the plants present excellent potential for further scientific studies, which may result in discovery of novel compounds of therapeutic interest.
背景:葫芦科(葫芦科)是一科,约有125属960种,其进一步特征是通常具有五角茎和卷曲卷须,也被称为开花植物葫芦科。属本科的植物种类在世界范围内分布,但大多数种类可在热带和亚热带国家发现。许多属于这个家族的植物已经报道了重要的药理活性。葫芦科植物也在孟加拉国的民间医疗系统中使用,这是一种传统的医疗系统,主要依靠药用植物来治疗各种疾病。目的:由于民间医生构成了孟加拉国初级卫生保健的第一级,本研究的目的是对孟加拉国64个区的75个村庄的主流孟加拉语人口中执业的75名民间医生(Kavirajes)和8名部落医生(分别来自8个主要土著社区或部落,即Bede, Chakma, Garo, kasia, Marma, Murong, Santal, Bede和kirajes)进行民族医学调查。和特里普拉邦)。材料与方法:采用半结构化问卷和引导实地行走法进行调查。结果:民间和部落医师共使用葫芦科19种,用于治疗痢疾、糖尿病、水肿、皮肤病、白癜风、高血压、黄疸、伤寒、脾病、呼吸系统疾病、麻风病、类风湿关节炎、水痘、癌症等疾病。葫芦科植物共19种,分别为:海瓜、青冈、紫瓜、大瓜、甜瓜、甜瓜、大瓜、大瓜、紫瓜、绿瓜、丝瓜、丝瓜、白瓜、苦瓜、红瓜、丝瓜、丝瓜、红瓜、丝瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜、红瓜。对现有科学文献的回顾表明,上述一些植物在民间医学中的使用可以根据其报道的药理活性研究进行验证。结论:综上所述,这些植物具有良好的进一步科学研究潜力,可能会导致发现新的治疗性化合物。
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引用次数: 12
Chemical constituents from Cornus officinalis and their biological activity 1 山茱萸化学成分及其生物活性研究
Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.99579
Zhan-ying Ma, B. Yao, Liansheng Wang, Yang-qing He
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Cornus officinalis Sieb., Et Zucc, and their peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonist activity. Materials and Methods: The leaves of C. officinalis were extracted three times with 90% EtOH at room temperature. The ethanol extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield residue, which was isolated and purified by silica gel and reverse-phase C 18 column chromatography. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and their physiochemical characteristics. Cell-based luciferase reporter gene assays were used to evaluate PPARα/γ agonistic activities. Results: Five compounds were isolated and elucidated as 10-hydroxyhastatoside (1), β-dihydrocornin (2), isoquercitrin (3), loganin (4) and oleanolic acid (5). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from C. officinalis for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited moderate agonistic activities for PPARα, with EC 50 values of 29.5 μM.
目的:研究山茱萸的化学成分。以及它们的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)激动剂活性。材料与方法:用90%的乙醇水溶液在室温下提取三次山茱萸叶。将乙醇提取物组合减压浓缩得到残渣,用硅胶和反相c18柱层析分离纯化。根据光谱学证据和理化性质对其结构进行了鉴定。基于细胞的荧光素酶报告基因检测用于评估PPARα/γ的激动活性。结果:分离得到5个化合物,经鉴定为10-羟基草甘醇苷(1)、β-二氢角苷(2)、异槲皮苷(3)、马头草苷(4)和齐墩果酸(5)。结论:化合物1和2为首次从马头草中分离得到。化合物3对PPARα具有中等拮抗作用,ec50值为29.5 μM。
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引用次数: 2
The bountiful biological activities of cyclotides 环核苷酸丰富的生物活性
Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.99559
S. Gerlach, D. Mondal
Cyclotides are exceptionally stable circular peptides (28-37 amino acid residues) with a unique cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif that were originally discovered through ethnobotanical investigations and bioassay-directed natural products screenings. They have been isolated from four angiosperm families (Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Curcurbitaceae, and Fabaceae), and they exhibit a wide range of bioactivities including antibacterial/antimicrobial, nematocidal, molluscicidal, antifouling, insecticidal, antineurotensin, trypsin inhibiting, hemolytic, cytotoxic, antitumor, and anti-HIV properties. Reports indicate that the mechanism of cyclotide bioactivity is the ability to target and interact with lipid membranes via the development of pores. Additionally, the nature of their surface-exposed hydrophobic patch and CCK play integral roles in the potency of cyclotides. Their extraordinary stability and flexibility have recently allowed for the successful grafting of analogs with therapeutic properties onto their CCK framework. This achievement, coupled with the myriad of useful naturally occurring bioactivities displayed by cyclotides, makes them appealing candidates in drug design and crop management.
环肽是一种非常稳定的圆形肽(28-37个氨基酸残基),具有独特的环胱氨酸结(CCK)基序,最初是通过民族植物学研究和生物测定指导的天然产物筛选发现的。它们从四个被子植物科(堇菜科、茜草科、莪术科和豆科)中分离出来,具有广泛的生物活性,包括抗菌/抗菌、杀线虫、杀软体、防污、杀虫、抗神经紧张素、抑制胰蛋白酶、溶血、细胞毒、抗肿瘤和抗hiv等特性。报告表明,环肽生物活性的机制是通过毛孔的发育靶向和与脂质膜相互作用的能力。此外,其表面暴露的疏水性贴片和CCK的性质在环核苷酸的效力中起着不可或缺的作用。它们非凡的稳定性和灵活性最近允许成功地将具有治疗特性的类似物嫁接到它们的CCK框架上。这一成就,加上环核苷酸所显示的无数有用的自然发生的生物活性,使它们在药物设计和作物管理中具有吸引力。
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引用次数: 19
Mucoadhesive microspheres: A novel approach to increase gastroretention 黏附微球:增加胃潴留的新方法
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98684
Alka Lohani, G. P. Chaudhary
The aim of this study is to review the advantages of mucoadhesive microspheres, mechanisms, and theories involved in mucoadhesion, factors that affect the mucoadhesion and polymers in mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are those which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and thereby improve the bioavailability of drugs. Mucoadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories: electronic, adsorption, wetting, mechanical, diffusion, and fracture. Microspheres constitute an important part of these particulate drug delivery systems by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity, but coupling of bioadhesive properties to these microspheres has additional advantages such as prolong residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption and intimate contact of the dosage form with the underline absorption surface contributed to improved therapeutic performance of the drug or improved bioavailability of drug, reduced dosing frequency, and improved patience compliance.
本文就黏附微球的优点、黏附机理、黏附理论、影响黏附的因素以及黏附给药系统中的聚合物进行综述。胃保留性药物递送系统是那些在胃中保留较长时间从而提高药物生物利用度的药物。黏附是当前设计给药系统的一个热门话题。黏附目前有六种理论解释:电子、吸附、润湿、机械、扩散和断裂。微球凭借其小尺寸和高效的运载能力构成了这些颗粒药物递送系统的重要组成部分,但将生物粘附特性耦合到这些微球上还具有其他优点,例如延长剂型在吸收部位的停留时间以及剂型与吸收表面的密切接触有助于提高药物的治疗性能或提高药物的生物利用度。减少给药频率,提高患者依从性。
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引用次数: 25
Important advances in malaria vaccine research 疟疾疫苗研究取得重要进展
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98676
P. Jadhav, R. Shah, M. Jadhav
Malaria is one of the most widespread parasitic infection in Asian countries affecting the poor of the poor. In an effort to develop an effective vaccine for the treatment of malaria, various attempts are being made worldwide. If successful, such a vaccine can be effective for treatment of both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. This would also be able to avoid complications such as drug resistance, resistance to insecticides, nonadherence to the treatment schedule, and eventually high cost of treatment in the resource-limited settings. In the current compilation, the details from the literature were collected by using PubMed and Medline as search engines and searched for terms such as malaria, vaccine, and malaria treatment. This review collates and provides glimpses of the information on the recent malaria vaccine development. The reader will be taken through the historical perspective followed by the approaches to the malaria vaccine development from pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines, asexual stage vaccines, transmission blocking vaccines, etc. Looking at the current scenario of the malaria and treatment strategies, it is an absolute need of an hour that an effective malaria vaccine should be developed. This would bring a revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment modalities especially when there is increasing emergence of resistance to existing drug therapy. It would be of great purpose to serve those living in malaria endemic region and also for travelers which are nonimmune and coming to malaria endemic region. As infection by P. vivax is more prevalent in India and other Asian subcontinent and is often prominent in areas where elimination is being attempted, special consideration is required of the role of vaccines in blocking transmission, regardless of the stages being targeted. Development of vaccines is feasible but with the support of private sector and government organization in terms of regulatory and most importantly financially, being an expensive venture.
疟疾是亚洲国家最普遍的寄生虫感染之一,影响着穷人中的穷人。为了研制治疗疟疾的有效疫苗,全世界正在进行各种尝试。如果成功,这种疫苗可以有效治疗间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫。这也将能够避免诸如耐药性、对杀虫剂的耐药性、不遵守治疗计划等并发症,并最终在资源有限的环境中避免高昂的治疗费用。在目前的编制中,通过PubMed和Medline作为搜索引擎收集文献细节,搜索疟疾、疫苗、疟疾治疗等术语。这篇综述整理并提供了关于最近疟疾疫苗开发的信息。读者将采取通过历史的观点,随后的方法到疟疾疫苗的发展,从红细胞前期疫苗,无性期疫苗,传播阻断疫苗等。从目前疟疾和治疗战略的情况来看,研制出有效的疟疾疫苗绝对需要一个小时。这将在治疗方式上带来革命性的突破,特别是在现有药物治疗日益出现耐药性的情况下。对于生活在疟疾流行地区的人们,以及前往疟疾流行地区的无免疫力的旅行者都具有重要的意义。由于间日疟原虫感染在印度和其他亚洲次大陆更为普遍,并且在试图消除间日疟原虫的地区往往很突出,因此需要特别考虑疫苗在阻断传播方面的作用,无论其目标是在哪个阶段。疫苗的开发是可行的,但在监管和最重要的财政方面,需要私营部门和政府组织的支持,这是一项昂贵的冒险。
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引用次数: 2
An assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 用水质指数评价印度泰米尔纳德邦金奈地下水质量
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98688
I. Balan, M. Shivakumar, P. Kumar
Context : Water, the elixir of life, is a prime natural resource. Due to rapid urbanization in India, the availability and quality of groundwater have been affected. According to the Central Groundwater Board, 80% of Chennai's groundwater has been depleted and any further exploration could lead to salt water ingression. Hence, this study was done to assess the groundwater quality in Chennai city. Aim : To assess the groundwater quality using water quality index in Chennai city. Materials and Methods: Chennai city was divided into three zones based on the legislative constituency and from these three zones three locations were randomly selected and nine groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physiochemical properties. Results: With the exception of few parameters, most of the water quality assessment parameters showed parameters within the accepted standard values of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Except for pH in a single location of zone 1, none of the parameters exceeded the permissible values for water quality assessment as prescribed by the BIS. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in general the groundwater quality status of Chennai city ranged from excellent to good and the groundwater is fit for human consumption based on all the nine parameters of water quality index and fluoride content.
背景:水是生命的灵丹妙药,是一种主要的自然资源。由于印度的快速城市化,地下水的可用性和质量受到了影响。据中央地下水委员会称,金奈80%的地下水已经枯竭,任何进一步的勘探都可能导致盐水入侵。因此,本研究对金奈市地下水水质进行了评价。目的:利用水质指标对金奈市地下水水质进行评价。材料与方法:将金奈市按立法选区划分为3个区,在3个区中随机选取3个地点,采集9份地下水样本进行理化性质分析。结果:除少数参数外,大部分水质评价参数均在印度标准局(Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS)认可标准值范围内。除第1区某一地点的pH值外,其他参数均未超过BIS规定的水质评估允许值。结论:综合水质指标和氟化物含量9项指标,研究表明金奈市地下水水质状况总体为优至良,适合人类饮用。
{"title":"An assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"I. Balan, M. Shivakumar, P. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.98688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.98688","url":null,"abstract":"Context : Water, the elixir of life, is a prime natural resource. Due to rapid urbanization in India, the availability and quality of groundwater have been affected. According to the Central Groundwater Board, 80% of Chennai's groundwater has been depleted and any further exploration could lead to salt water ingression. Hence, this study was done to assess the groundwater quality in Chennai city. Aim : To assess the groundwater quality using water quality index in Chennai city. Materials and Methods: Chennai city was divided into three zones based on the legislative constituency and from these three zones three locations were randomly selected and nine groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physiochemical properties. Results: With the exception of few parameters, most of the water quality assessment parameters showed parameters within the accepted standard values of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Except for pH in a single location of zone 1, none of the parameters exceeded the permissible values for water quality assessment as prescribed by the BIS. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in general the groundwater quality status of Chennai city ranged from excellent to good and the groundwater is fit for human consumption based on all the nine parameters of water quality index and fluoride content.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"23 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86809358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 96
A basic insight into the stability and manufacturing aspects of solid dispersions 对固体分散体的稳定性和制造方面的基本见解
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98668
J. Vijay, Jyothi T Sahadevan, R. Gilhotra
The development of a bioavailable dosage form is the most challenging task for the researchers. In the arena of advanced drug delivery systems, the solid dispersion techniques seem to be a promising system for the development of an optimized, bioavailable formulation of Class 2 drugs. The methods of formulation of solid dispersion have been summarized. This article is an effort to define a solid dispersion and its classification. The prospective of the stability of solid dispersion has also been discussed. Moreover, the major techniques that have been used so far such as the fusion/melting method, solvent evaporation method, hot melt extrusion method, supercritical fluid methods, have also been detailed.
生物有效剂型的开发是研究人员面临的最具挑战性的任务。在先进的药物输送系统领域,固体分散技术似乎是一种有前途的系统,用于开发优化的,生物可利用的2类药物配方。综述了固体分散体的配制方法。本文试图定义固体色散及其分类。讨论了固体分散稳定性的发展前景。此外,还详细介绍了目前使用的熔融法、溶剂蒸发法、热熔挤压法、超临界流体法等主要技术。
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引用次数: 3
Effect of pH on the viscosity of grewia mucilage pH值对生长藻黏液粘度的影响
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98687
I. Ogaji, Xiujuan Peng, I. Okafor, S. Hoag
Background: The stability and efficacy of liquid pharmaceutical preparations depend on the pH of the medium. Such liquid preparations may contain varied additives performing different functions. One of the qualities of oral liquid pharmaceutical preparations is appropriate viscosity for pumping and transfer during manufacture and dispensing to patients. Gums find use in such liquid preparations as thickening or suspending agents together with different additives that may influence the pH of the environment and hence the stability and quality of the preparation. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH on the viscosity of grewia gum obtained from Grewia mollis that is potential pharmaceutical excipient. Setting and Design: The study was based on experiments carried out in the laboratory setting and the conclusions were based on the observations made. Materials and Methods: Aqueous mucilage of grewia (2% w/v) was prepared and the pH was determined at different shear rates on Brookfield cone and plate rheometer at 25°C. Adjustment of pH was facilitated by the addition of 0.25 N solution of either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide before the readings were taken. Results: The viscosity of the mucilage was characteristically pseudoplastic and it depended on pH of the medium and storage time. The viscosity ratio generally decreased from 2.046 to 1.470 as the pH of the medium increased from acidic to basic (2.18 to 13.10). The dynamic yield value of the dispersion at pH 2.55 and 5.08 were, respectively, 10.5 and 45. The viscosity of grewia gum dispersion changed with change in pH of the medium anomalously. Conclusion: Changes in the viscosity of grewia gum dispersion were observed with change in the pH in an unrelated fashion. This suggests that the use of grewia gum together with other additives in oral liquid preparations should be done with discretion.
背景:液体药物制剂的稳定性和功效取决于培养基的pH值。这种液体制剂可含有执行不同功能的各种添加剂。口服液药物制剂的质量之一是在制造和分配给患者的过程中泵送和转移适当的粘度。树胶可用于液体制剂中,作为增稠剂或悬浮剂,与可能影响环境pH值的不同添加剂一起使用,从而影响制剂的稳定性和质量。研究目的:本研究的目的是确定pH值对作为潜在药用赋形剂的绿藻胶粘度的影响。环境和设计:本研究基于在实验室环境中进行的实验,结论基于所做的观察。材料与方法:制备2% w/v的生长胶浆,在25°C布鲁克菲尔德锥板流变仪上测定不同剪切速率下的pH。在测量读数之前,加入0.25 N的盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液有助于调整pH值。结果:黏液的黏度具有典型的假塑性,黏度与培养基的pH值和保存时间有关。随着介质pH由酸性变为碱性(从2.18变为13.10),黏度比一般由2.046减小到1.470。在pH为2.55和5.08时,分散体的动态产率分别为10.5和45。黏度随介质pH值的变化而发生异常变化。结论:绿胶分散体粘度的变化与pH值的变化是不相关的。这表明,在口服液制剂中使用格林威亚胶和其他添加剂时应谨慎行事。
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引用次数: 2
A pilot study exploring awareness among general public toward issues related to medication safety in the state of Penang, Malaysia 一项试点研究探索公众对马来西亚槟城州药物安全相关问题的认识
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98690
M. Hassali, A. Shafie, F. Saleem, H. Al-Qazaz, I. Masood, M. Atif, H. Aljadhey
Context: A better understanding of medication safety ensures better health state among healthcare consumers. Aim: The study aims to assess general public awareness toward issues related to medication safety. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among general public selected conveniently in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Materials and methods: A total of 500 respondents were approached and 476 consumers participated in the survey giving a response rate of 95.2%. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 12.0 and descriptive statistics were reported where appropriate. Results: Majority of the respondents (n=292, 61.3%) stated that they were well aware of the possible side effects of their current medications. A total of 196 respondents (41.17%) believed that all medicines registered in Malaysia are safe to use as these medicines have no side effects. About 40.33% (n=192) of the respondents claimed that they share their unused medicines with family and friends who are having similar illness. Majority of respondents 57.7% (n=275) were satisfied with the drug information provided by the healthcare professionals. This study also found that more than 80% of the respondents (n=409) did report that they read the labels of their medication before using. Conclusions: In this study, it was revealed that there is a moderate level of public knowledge regarding medication safety. It is evident that public underestimates the risk of their medications. There is a general lack of awareness and understanding among the public especially toward side effects.
背景:更好地了解药物安全可以确保医疗保健消费者更好的健康状态。目的:本研究旨在评估公众对药物安全相关问题的认识。环境与设计:横断面研究是在马来西亚槟城方便选择的普通公众中进行的。材料与方法:共接触500名调查对象,476名消费者参与调查,回复率为95.2%。统计分析:使用SPSS 12.0版本对数据进行分析,适当时采用描述性统计。结果:大多数受访者(n=292, 61.3%)表示,他们很清楚自己目前使用的药物可能产生的副作用。共有196名受访者(41.17%)认为所有在马来西亚注册的药物都是安全的,因为这些药物没有副作用。约40.33% (n=192)的受访者表示,他们将未使用的药物与患有类似疾病的家人和朋友分享。57.7%(275人)的受访者对医护人员提供的药品信息表示满意。这项研究还发现,超过80%的受访者(n=409)确实报告说他们在使用药物前阅读了药物标签。结论:本研究发现,公众对用药安全的认知处于中等水平。很明显,公众低估了他们的药物的风险。公众普遍缺乏认识和理解,特别是对副作用的认识和理解。
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引用次数: 12
Determination of efficacy of root planing in removal of nicotine from periodontally involved teeth of smokers 测定牙根刨除法去除吸烟者牙周病变牙齿中尼古丁的功效
Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98691
Neelima Katti, D. Mohanty, K. Asif, Niranjan Shatapathy
Background and Aims: Tobacco smoking is now recognized to be an important risk factor for the development and progression of periodontal disease. Nicotine, the major constituent of particulate phase of tobacco smoke, in addition to having its toxic systemic effects, is capable of causing local cytotoxicity. The typical characteristic of smoking-associated periodontal disease is the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, with the ensuing clinical symptoms of bone loss, attachment loss, pocket formation, and eventually tooth loss. The mechanisms behind the destructive effects of smoking on the periodontal tissues, however, are not well understood. This study aimed to detect nicotine from the root surfaces of periodontally involved root surfaces and to compare the quantity of nicotine present on root-planed and non-root-planed surfaces of teeth from smokers. Materials and Methods: 25 periodontally involved extracted teeth were taken from 18 smoker patients. The roots were sectioned longitudinally and each root half was either root planed (group B) or left untreated (group A). Each root half was extracted for nicotine using methylene chloride technique, and quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis: Nicotine concentrations were compared between the root planed ans the non root planed groups using paired t-test. Results: The results showed that nicotine could be detected from the root surface of periodontally involved teeth. The amount of nicotine present on non-root planed sections was statistically significantly higher than on treated sections. Conclusion: Nicotine is present on the periodonatally involved root surfaces of smoker patients and also its concentration can be significantly reduced by thorough root planning.
背景和目的:吸烟现在被认为是牙周病发生和发展的一个重要危险因素。尼古丁是烟草烟雾颗粒相的主要成分,除了具有全身毒性作用外,还能引起局部细胞毒性。吸烟相关牙周病的典型特征是破坏牙齿的支撑组织,随之而来的临床症状是骨质流失、附着物丧失、牙袋形成,最终导致牙齿脱落。然而,吸烟对牙周组织的破坏性影响背后的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在检测吸烟者牙周病牙根表面的尼古丁含量,并比较吸烟者牙根平面和非牙根平面的尼古丁含量。材料与方法:选取18例吸烟患者的25颗牙周病变拔牙。根纵切,每一半根刨平(B组)或不处理(A组)。每一半根用二氯甲烷技术提取尼古丁,并使用高压液相色谱(HPLC)定量。统计学分析:采用配对t检验比较刨根组和未刨根组的尼古丁浓度。结果:在患牙周牙根表面可检测到尼古丁。未刨根切片的尼古丁含量显著高于处理过的切片。结论:尼古丁存在于吸烟者患牙周病的牙根表面,通过彻底的牙根规划可显著降低其浓度。
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引用次数: 2
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Chronicles of Young Scientists
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