Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145011921
M. Araújo, Samíria Pinheiro dos Santos, Walter Frazão Lelis de Aragão, K. J. Damasceno-Silva, M. M. Rocha
ABSTRACT Cowpea is a great socioeconomically important leguminous plant worldwide. The crop is an excellent source of proteins and minerals, mainly for the poorest populations. It is cultivated in some states of Brazil. The Piaui semi-arid is the most yielding zone in the state. Thus, the selection of superior cowpea genotypes for multi-traits and adaptabilities to this growing area is very important for the small-scale and medium-scale farmers in Piaui. The objective of this study was to select the superior cowpea lines for their multi-traits and adaptabilities to the Piaui semi-arid zone based on the genotype by the yield*trait (GYT) Biplot approach. Seventeen elite lines and three cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications under the rainfed growing condition at three different locations away from the Piaui semi-arid zone. The following traits were evaluated: the number of days to flowering, pod length, the number of grains per pod, weight of one hundred grains, grain index, grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and also the cooking quality. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the grouping of means, and simultaneous selection by the GYT Biplot were implemented. Through the GYT Biplot approach, the two lines, MNC11-1013E-35 and MNC11-1013E-15, were found superior because they combined the traits, grain-yield with the yield components and nutritional traits simultaneously during the cultivation in the Piaui semi-arid zone. However, the MNC11-1052E-3 line was better in the combination of yield and cooking quality than the other lines.
{"title":"Selection of superior cowpea lines for multi-traits and adaptabilities to the Piauí semi-arid using genotype by yield*trait biplot analysis.","authors":"M. Araújo, Samíria Pinheiro dos Santos, Walter Frazão Lelis de Aragão, K. J. Damasceno-Silva, M. M. Rocha","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145011921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145011921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cowpea is a great socioeconomically important leguminous plant worldwide. The crop is an excellent source of proteins and minerals, mainly for the poorest populations. It is cultivated in some states of Brazil. The Piaui semi-arid is the most yielding zone in the state. Thus, the selection of superior cowpea genotypes for multi-traits and adaptabilities to this growing area is very important for the small-scale and medium-scale farmers in Piaui. The objective of this study was to select the superior cowpea lines for their multi-traits and adaptabilities to the Piaui semi-arid zone based on the genotype by the yield*trait (GYT) Biplot approach. Seventeen elite lines and three cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications under the rainfed growing condition at three different locations away from the Piaui semi-arid zone. The following traits were evaluated: the number of days to flowering, pod length, the number of grains per pod, weight of one hundred grains, grain index, grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and also the cooking quality. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the grouping of means, and simultaneous selection by the GYT Biplot were implemented. Through the GYT Biplot approach, the two lines, MNC11-1013E-35 and MNC11-1013E-15, were found superior because they combined the traits, grain-yield with the yield components and nutritional traits simultaneously during the cultivation in the Piaui semi-arid zone. However, the MNC11-1052E-3 line was better in the combination of yield and cooking quality than the other lines.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78289361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145003221
Vítor Mathias Muneratto, Thais Cristina Benatti Gallo, V. R. Nicoletti
ABSTRACT Oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds of OEO are volatile. Thus, encapsulation helps in protecting the activity of the compound when exposed to harmful conditions such as high (or low) temperature, light, and oxygen. Encapsulation also helps to improve the dispersibility of the compound in an aqueous medium, facilitating its application in formulated food products. We studied the release kinetics of OEO microencapsulated by gelatin/gum. Arabic complex coacervation was assessed, focusing on the influence of the physicochemical properties of the aqueous release medium (temperature (4, 25, and 30 oC), ionic strength (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M), and pH (3.8, 4.2, and 4.8)). Their capacity to act as release triggers was also investigated. High OEO release rates were recorded in the media with high ionic strengths (74% release in 5 h), high pH (78% release in 7 h), and low temperature (71% release in 7 h). In media at a temperature above 30 oC and pH 3.8, the coacervated structure was disintegrated. A centered face experimental design (CFD) based on 17 samples was constructed, and an empirical model was developed to predict the maximum release conditions. The highest percentage of oil (reaching up to approximately 85%) is released over longer periods of time (7 h on an average) without damaging the integrity of the microcapsule. Peppas’ model showed the best fitting for all release profiles, with R² > 0.86 and relative average residual error < 6%, indicating the domain of Fickian diffusion during OEO release.
{"title":"Oregano essential oil encapsulation following the complex coacervation method: Influence of temperature, ionic strength, and pH on the release kinetics in aqueous medium","authors":"Vítor Mathias Muneratto, Thais Cristina Benatti Gallo, V. R. Nicoletti","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145003221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145003221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds of OEO are volatile. Thus, encapsulation helps in protecting the activity of the compound when exposed to harmful conditions such as high (or low) temperature, light, and oxygen. Encapsulation also helps to improve the dispersibility of the compound in an aqueous medium, facilitating its application in formulated food products. We studied the release kinetics of OEO microencapsulated by gelatin/gum. Arabic complex coacervation was assessed, focusing on the influence of the physicochemical properties of the aqueous release medium (temperature (4, 25, and 30 oC), ionic strength (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M), and pH (3.8, 4.2, and 4.8)). Their capacity to act as release triggers was also investigated. High OEO release rates were recorded in the media with high ionic strengths (74% release in 5 h), high pH (78% release in 7 h), and low temperature (71% release in 7 h). In media at a temperature above 30 oC and pH 3.8, the coacervated structure was disintegrated. A centered face experimental design (CFD) based on 17 samples was constructed, and an empirical model was developed to predict the maximum release conditions. The highest percentage of oil (reaching up to approximately 85%) is released over longer periods of time (7 h on an average) without damaging the integrity of the microcapsule. Peppas’ model showed the best fitting for all release profiles, with R² > 0.86 and relative average residual error < 6%, indicating the domain of Fickian diffusion during OEO release.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87519781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145011221
Itala Suzana Oliveira Silva, E. D. S. Viana, Sérgio Eduardo Soares, Rosana Silva Chaves, R. C. Reis
ABSTRACT The insertion of functional foods in the confectionery industry is a growing reality, aiming to meet a growing demand for products that are visually attractive and at the same time healthy. The present study aimed to develop and characterize the physical, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of fondant icings based on green banana biomass and flour. Two formulations were developed (NFBI - Neutral Flavor Biomass-based Icing, and CFBI - Chocolate Flavor Biomass-based Icing), which were compared with the commercial fondant icings (NFCI - Neutral Flavor Commercial Icing, and CFCI - Chocolate Flavor Commercial Icing). The fondant icings were evaluated for centesimal composition, caloric value, physical, physicochemical (resistant starch, titratable acidity, water activity, texture, and color), and microbiological characteristics, as well as sensory acceptance. The icings based on green banana biomass and flour showed higher levels of ash, fiber, resistant starch, and protein, as well as lower total caloric value, and thus, were healthier. These icings were also softer and had more intense color compared to commercial ones, as well as good sensory acceptance, especially the one with chocolate flavor, which had greater than 72% approval. Microbiological analyses indicated that the icings could be stored under refrigeration (<4 oC) for 30 days. Given the nutritional quality and health benefits, the icings prepared with green banana biomass and flour proved to be promising and could serve a niche market represented by people who seek a healthier diet or need to control their sugar consumption, such as diabetics.
{"title":"Development and characterization of green banana-based fondant icing","authors":"Itala Suzana Oliveira Silva, E. D. S. Viana, Sérgio Eduardo Soares, Rosana Silva Chaves, R. C. Reis","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145011221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145011221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The insertion of functional foods in the confectionery industry is a growing reality, aiming to meet a growing demand for products that are visually attractive and at the same time healthy. The present study aimed to develop and characterize the physical, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of fondant icings based on green banana biomass and flour. Two formulations were developed (NFBI - Neutral Flavor Biomass-based Icing, and CFBI - Chocolate Flavor Biomass-based Icing), which were compared with the commercial fondant icings (NFCI - Neutral Flavor Commercial Icing, and CFCI - Chocolate Flavor Commercial Icing). The fondant icings were evaluated for centesimal composition, caloric value, physical, physicochemical (resistant starch, titratable acidity, water activity, texture, and color), and microbiological characteristics, as well as sensory acceptance. The icings based on green banana biomass and flour showed higher levels of ash, fiber, resistant starch, and protein, as well as lower total caloric value, and thus, were healthier. These icings were also softer and had more intense color compared to commercial ones, as well as good sensory acceptance, especially the one with chocolate flavor, which had greater than 72% approval. Microbiological analyses indicated that the icings could be stored under refrigeration (<4 oC) for 30 days. Given the nutritional quality and health benefits, the icings prepared with green banana biomass and flour proved to be promising and could serve a niche market represented by people who seek a healthier diet or need to control their sugar consumption, such as diabetics.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88165056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-70542021450001r21
E. S. Dias, D. Zied, A. Pardo-Giménez
ABSTRACT The cultivation of button mushroom has reached a high technological level in developed countries and is associated with high productivity indices. This technological level involves not only compost production and crop management but also the casing layer. Peat has been established as one of the most appropriate casing materials for the cultivation of button mushroom due to its excellent properties. However, good-quality peat is not available in all countries, and peat is not renewable, which reinforces the need for alternative materials. Therefore, studies on the casing layer should include its response to the induction of fruiting since this stage is where the main changes that lead to the formation of primordia occur. This review addresses the different aspects of fruiting induction of Agaricus mushrooms and the influence of the characteristics of the casing layer on mushroom production.
{"title":"Revisiting the casing layer: Casing materials and management in Agaricus mushroom cultivation","authors":"E. S. Dias, D. Zied, A. Pardo-Giménez","doi":"10.1590/1413-70542021450001r21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542021450001r21","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cultivation of button mushroom has reached a high technological level in developed countries and is associated with high productivity indices. This technological level involves not only compost production and crop management but also the casing layer. Peat has been established as one of the most appropriate casing materials for the cultivation of button mushroom due to its excellent properties. However, good-quality peat is not available in all countries, and peat is not renewable, which reinforces the need for alternative materials. Therefore, studies on the casing layer should include its response to the induction of fruiting since this stage is where the main changes that lead to the formation of primordia occur. This review addresses the different aspects of fruiting induction of Agaricus mushrooms and the influence of the characteristics of the casing layer on mushroom production.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145010021
Daniel Enrique Guauque Mellado, C. Mello, N. Curi
ABSTRACT Globally, soil degradation by water erosion has become one of the major environmental problems in tropical regions, especially under the severe environmental conditions of the Andes. This study aims to detail the soil risk to degradation by water erosion in a water producer basin located in the Tropical Colombian Andes (Combeima River basin), applying the RUSLE model, discussing how to minimize the erosion processes under its environmental conditions (steep slope, climatic variability, soil classes and properties diversity, and alternative land uses). RUSLE was applied with the support of GIS to estimate current and potential risk to soil erosion in the basin, allowing the identification of areas more prone to degradation. It was found that currently, 50.5% of the basin’s area presents, on average, annual soil losses greater than 25 Mg ha-1 yr-1, meaning a very high risk to water erosion, with 30.4% showing a severe risk (> 100 Mg ha-1 yr-1). It was possible to conclude that the current land uses and soil management systems have not been effective in mitigating soil erosion, mainly when situated in steep topography. Therefore, it is necessary sustainable planning for the conservation of soil, water, organic carbon, plant nutrients, and other elements (not-nutrients) in this tropical Andes region.
{"title":"Environmental degradation risk by water erosion in a water producer Colombian Andes basin","authors":"Daniel Enrique Guauque Mellado, C. Mello, N. Curi","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145010021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Globally, soil degradation by water erosion has become one of the major environmental problems in tropical regions, especially under the severe environmental conditions of the Andes. This study aims to detail the soil risk to degradation by water erosion in a water producer basin located in the Tropical Colombian Andes (Combeima River basin), applying the RUSLE model, discussing how to minimize the erosion processes under its environmental conditions (steep slope, climatic variability, soil classes and properties diversity, and alternative land uses). RUSLE was applied with the support of GIS to estimate current and potential risk to soil erosion in the basin, allowing the identification of areas more prone to degradation. It was found that currently, 50.5% of the basin’s area presents, on average, annual soil losses greater than 25 Mg ha-1 yr-1, meaning a very high risk to water erosion, with 30.4% showing a severe risk (> 100 Mg ha-1 yr-1). It was possible to conclude that the current land uses and soil management systems have not been effective in mitigating soil erosion, mainly when situated in steep topography. Therefore, it is necessary sustainable planning for the conservation of soil, water, organic carbon, plant nutrients, and other elements (not-nutrients) in this tropical Andes region.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145003121
T. Gavrić, J. Jurković, D. Gadžo, Lejla Čengić, E. Sijahović, F. Bašić
ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Basil is grown in different regions with varying climates; the productivity and quality are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the application of different types of fertilizers on the yield and contents of some bioactive components in basil. The treatments consisted of three different types of fertilizers (mineral, organomineral, and organic) and control (without fertilization). The yield per plant and the essential oil content with fertilizer treatment were better than that in control. The highest fresh yield (450.9 g per plant) and oil content (0.94 mL 100 g-1) were recorded in basil cultivated using mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the fresh yield (333.9 and 327.8 g per plant) and oil content (0.87 and 0.85 mL 100 g-1) were higher after the application of organic and organomineral fertilizers compared to that in the control treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer application on the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated a suitable practical application of organomineral fertilizers as a nutrient source in basil crop production in areas where the use of mineral and organic fertilizers is limited.
{"title":"Fertilizer effect on some basil bioactive compounds and yield","authors":"T. Gavrić, J. Jurković, D. Gadžo, Lejla Čengić, E. Sijahović, F. Bašić","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145003121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145003121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Basil is grown in different regions with varying climates; the productivity and quality are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the application of different types of fertilizers on the yield and contents of some bioactive components in basil. The treatments consisted of three different types of fertilizers (mineral, organomineral, and organic) and control (without fertilization). The yield per plant and the essential oil content with fertilizer treatment were better than that in control. The highest fresh yield (450.9 g per plant) and oil content (0.94 mL 100 g-1) were recorded in basil cultivated using mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the fresh yield (333.9 and 327.8 g per plant) and oil content (0.87 and 0.85 mL 100 g-1) were higher after the application of organic and organomineral fertilizers compared to that in the control treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer application on the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated a suitable practical application of organomineral fertilizers as a nutrient source in basil crop production in areas where the use of mineral and organic fertilizers is limited.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49207909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145010521
C. Rossetto, L. O. Medici, Camila Santos Barros de Morais, R. Martins, D. F. Carvalho
ABSTRACT The use of produced water becomes an option in the irrigation of non-food crops with potential for biofuel production. However, its effects on different stages of plant development and mainly on seed germination should be known. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sunflower seedlings subjected to different types of produced water. An experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted to evaluate 3 cultivars (Catissol 01, Embrapa 122 and IAC Iaramã) and 6 types of water (distilled water - control, public-supply water, water resulting from the water and oil separation process - WOS, filtration in sand filter - SAF, filtration in sand + charcoal filter - SCF, and filtration in sand + osmosis filter - SOF). In addition, the substrate was moistened with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, simulating the osmotic potentials of the evaluated waters, and a sensitivity test was conducted with lettuce seeds under conditions similar to those adopted for sunflower. The cv. Catissol showed higher percentages of germination and vigor of seedlings, regardless of the water used. There was a trend of reduction in germination and vigor of seedlings with the use of produced water treated with the WOS, SAF and SCF systems. All water potentials simulated by PEG solutions reduced the germination and vigor of lettuce seeds, and the effect was more pronounced for the WOS system. SOF was the only one capable of making the produced water non-toxic to sunflower seeds and lettuce seedlings.
{"title":"Seed germination and performance of sunflower seedlings submitted to produced water","authors":"C. Rossetto, L. O. Medici, Camila Santos Barros de Morais, R. Martins, D. F. Carvalho","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145010521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145010521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of produced water becomes an option in the irrigation of non-food crops with potential for biofuel production. However, its effects on different stages of plant development and mainly on seed germination should be known. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sunflower seedlings subjected to different types of produced water. An experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted to evaluate 3 cultivars (Catissol 01, Embrapa 122 and IAC Iaramã) and 6 types of water (distilled water - control, public-supply water, water resulting from the water and oil separation process - WOS, filtration in sand filter - SAF, filtration in sand + charcoal filter - SCF, and filtration in sand + osmosis filter - SOF). In addition, the substrate was moistened with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, simulating the osmotic potentials of the evaluated waters, and a sensitivity test was conducted with lettuce seeds under conditions similar to those adopted for sunflower. The cv. Catissol showed higher percentages of germination and vigor of seedlings, regardless of the water used. There was a trend of reduction in germination and vigor of seedlings with the use of produced water treated with the WOS, SAF and SCF systems. All water potentials simulated by PEG solutions reduced the germination and vigor of lettuce seeds, and the effect was more pronounced for the WOS system. SOF was the only one capable of making the produced water non-toxic to sunflower seeds and lettuce seedlings.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145008421
A. Rodrigues, C. R. Mello, M. Terra, S. Beskow
ABSTRACT Since prolonged droughts have impacted Atlantic forests in Southeastern Brazil, further investigations to understand the effects of such stressful conditions in their hydrological behavior are required. This study aimed to assess the changes in the water balance of a semi-deciduous Atlantic forest remnant and how the forest responds to droughts. The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index was applied to identify droughts (from 1961 to 2019) and their severity in both the hydrological year and summer scales. Drought impacts on actual evapotranspiration, potential percolation, and soil water storage were assessed using Hydrus-1D, having net precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as inputs. Error analyses (< 10%) confirmed Hydrus-1D suitability for simulating soil moisture. Uncertainties regarding the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity are due to preferential flows, which are not accounted for in Richards’ equation. Drought intensification changed forest hydrology and triggered physiological responses to deal with it. Semi-deciduous Atlantic forests are adapted to dry conditions because of the existence of dry-affiliated species and the activation of physiological mechanisms. However, such adaptations responded differently regarding the drought scales. The intensification of summer droughts increased evapotranspiration and decreased the potential percolation. Leaf shedding changed the canopy structure in a two-year time lag as a response to the intensification of hydrological year droughts. Changes in forest hydrology are sudden and trigger physiological responses, such as leaf shedding, in a delayed process after droughts take place.
{"title":"Water balance of an Atlantic forest remnant under a prolonged drought period","authors":"A. Rodrigues, C. R. Mello, M. Terra, S. Beskow","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145008421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145008421","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since prolonged droughts have impacted Atlantic forests in Southeastern Brazil, further investigations to understand the effects of such stressful conditions in their hydrological behavior are required. This study aimed to assess the changes in the water balance of a semi-deciduous Atlantic forest remnant and how the forest responds to droughts. The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index was applied to identify droughts (from 1961 to 2019) and their severity in both the hydrological year and summer scales. Drought impacts on actual evapotranspiration, potential percolation, and soil water storage were assessed using Hydrus-1D, having net precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as inputs. Error analyses (< 10%) confirmed Hydrus-1D suitability for simulating soil moisture. Uncertainties regarding the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity are due to preferential flows, which are not accounted for in Richards’ equation. Drought intensification changed forest hydrology and triggered physiological responses to deal with it. Semi-deciduous Atlantic forests are adapted to dry conditions because of the existence of dry-affiliated species and the activation of physiological mechanisms. However, such adaptations responded differently regarding the drought scales. The intensification of summer droughts increased evapotranspiration and decreased the potential percolation. Leaf shedding changed the canopy structure in a two-year time lag as a response to the intensification of hydrological year droughts. Changes in forest hydrology are sudden and trigger physiological responses, such as leaf shedding, in a delayed process after droughts take place.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47291754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145009321
J. J. S. D. Santos, R. Pêgo, Beatriz Rodrigues Monteiro Couto, R. Martins, D. F. Carvalho
ABSTRACT Cut flowers are delicate products whose quality and longevity depends on growing and postharvest conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthochron and the postharvest of gladiolus stems produced under different growing seasons and irrigation levels. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) during the winter/spring 2018 and autumn/winter 2019 periods. A randomized block design with 5 replications was used, considering irrigation levels of 45%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the crop water requirement. Irrigation management was performed by the automatic irrigation controller, installed in the 100% irrigation level treatment. As they reached the harvest point, considered to be “showing the color” of the three basal florets, the floral stems were harvested, always in the morning, and immediately taken to the laboratory for standardization of size (75 cm). During the storage period, the stems were kept at a temperature of 25 ºC, with the base immersed in a container with 300 mL of water. Fresh mass, water absorption, anthochron and longevity evaluations were performed daily, in addition to a visual evaluation, performed using a proposed senescence scale. The occurrence of severe water deficit during cultivation interferes with the fresh mass of the stems in postharvest and increases the opening speed of the flowers. The floral stems’ longevity is reduced when gladiolus is produced under the 45% irrigation level. There are no significant differences in the longevity of flowers grown in the different seasons and the anthochron value is influenced by the water availability, being lower in the stems kept in field condition (0.70 to 0.80) in comparison to the postharvest condition (0.83 to 0.92).
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Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145007021
A. A. R. D. Silva, G. S. Lima, C. Azevedo, H. Gheyi, A. R. Souza, P. Fernandes
ABSTRACT The cultivation of soursop has increased in recent years due to the advance of agribusiness and due to its use by the pharmaceutical industry. As a source of vitamin C, calcium, carbohydrates and antioxidant substances, soursop helps to protect the human body against oxidative stress, acting in the prevention of a series of chronic degenerative disorders. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays with salicylic acid to mitigate the effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology of soursop. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design and a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8-control; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Foliar application of SA at concentrations between 1.2 and 1.6 mM mitigated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of soursop at 480 days after transplanting. Spraying with SA at concentrations between 1.3 and 1.6 mM induced acclimatization to salt stress in soursop plants, since the percentage of intercellular electrolyte leakage was reduced and the growth was favored by the application of SA, even when exposed to salinity. Irrigation with ECw above 0.8 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content in the leaves of soursop cv. Morada Nova.
{"title":"Salicylic acid relieves the effect of saline stress on soursop morphysiology","authors":"A. A. R. D. Silva, G. S. Lima, C. Azevedo, H. Gheyi, A. R. Souza, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202145007021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145007021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cultivation of soursop has increased in recent years due to the advance of agribusiness and due to its use by the pharmaceutical industry. As a source of vitamin C, calcium, carbohydrates and antioxidant substances, soursop helps to protect the human body against oxidative stress, acting in the prevention of a series of chronic degenerative disorders. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays with salicylic acid to mitigate the effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology of soursop. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design and a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8-control; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Foliar application of SA at concentrations between 1.2 and 1.6 mM mitigated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of soursop at 480 days after transplanting. Spraying with SA at concentrations between 1.3 and 1.6 mM induced acclimatization to salt stress in soursop plants, since the percentage of intercellular electrolyte leakage was reduced and the growth was favored by the application of SA, even when exposed to salinity. Irrigation with ECw above 0.8 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content in the leaves of soursop cv. Morada Nova.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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