Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献_第8页

Experimental investigation on the shear strength variation of frozen coarse-grained soil considering sand content and temperature effects 考虑含砂量和温度影响的冻结粗粒土抗剪强度变化试验研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104758

Jiawei Zhai , Shibing Huang , Luobin Zheng , Lichen Li , Yonglong Yang , Qibiao Wei

The reduction in the shear strength of frozen coarse-grained soil (CGS) slopes during the warming process has led to many landslide disasters in cold regions. In this study, a series of direct shear tests were conducted to explore the effect of sand content and freezing temperature on the shear strength of CGS. The test results show that the CGS displays strain softening characteristics at freezing status and strain hardening characteristics at a room temperature. With the increase of freezing temperature, the brittleness of samples decreases while the plasticity increases. As the freezing temperature rises from −15 °C to −1 °C, the shear strength of CGS rapidly decreases by a maximum value of 71 %. A key finding is that the reduction in shear strength with increasing temperature is primarily attributed to a decrease in cohesion, while changes in the internal friction angle are negligible. Cohesion decreases sharply from 1.49 MPa at −15 °C to 0.057 MPa at 25 °C. Furthermore, the effect of sand content on strength parameters depends on temperature: at low freezing temperatures, higher sand content enhances cohesion, but at room temperatures it reduces cohesion. In all cases, the internal friction angle increases with sand content. This study can provide a better understanding of the shear strength degradation mechanism of CGS with different sand contents and related warming landslides in cold regions.

变暖过程中冻结粗粒土边坡抗剪强度的降低是寒区许多滑坡灾害的主要原因。本研究通过一系列直剪试验，探讨含砂量和冻结温度对CGS抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明，CGS在冻结状态下表现出应变软化特征，在室温下表现出应变硬化特征。随着冻结温度的升高，试样的脆性降低，塑性增大。当冻结温度从- 15℃升高到- 1℃时，CGS的抗剪强度迅速下降，最大下降幅度为71%。一个关键的发现是，随着温度的升高，抗剪强度的降低主要归因于黏聚力的降低，而内摩擦角的变化可以忽略不计。粘聚力从- 15℃时的1.49 MPa急剧下降到25℃时的0.057 MPa。此外，含砂量对强度参数的影响与温度有关：在低冻结温度下，高含砂量增强了粘聚力，但在室温下，高含砂量降低了粘聚力。在所有情况下，内摩擦角随含砂量的增加而增加。该研究可以更好地理解寒区不同含砂量CGS抗剪强度退化机理及相关暖化滑坡。

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引用次数: 0

Towards slope-scale assessment of avalanche formation: Exploring UAV-borne GPR for unveiling spatial snowpack variability 雪崩形成的斜坡尺度评估：探索无人机机载探地雷达揭示空间积雪变化

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104741

Anna Siebenbrunner , Robert Delleske , Rolf-Ole Rydeng Jenssen , Markus Keuschnig

This study explores the potential of unoccupied aerial vehicle- (UAV-) borne ground penetrating radar (GPR) for high-resolution, slope-scale snow depth monitoring in challenging alpine environments to advance current methods of assessing the avalanche formation probability. To ensure accuracy under varying flight conditions, we systematically examined how UAV altitude and orientation influenced radar backscatter, assessing the necessity for altitude-based power calibration. These experiments revealed the impact of flight dynamics on signal return and helped refine data processing in complex terrain. Field campaigns were conducted across various sites in the Austrian Alps over two winter seasons, comparing GPR data with traditional reference measurements. Results revealed a strong correlation between GPR-derived and probe-measured snow depth (

R^{2} = 0.94

,

r = 0.97

), demonstrating the reliability of the UAV-borne GPR method. Additionally, our findings highlight substantial small-scale variability in snow depth, even over short distances, underscoring the limitations of conventional point-scale observations. The UAV-borne GPR system used in this study features minimal deployment complexity, relying on off-the-shelf components, making it accessible to both scientists and practitioners. By providing high-resolution snow depth mapping, it complements fixed weather stations and significantly enhances traditional in situ observations as well as air- and spaceborne snow depth products. This method offers a safer, more efficient, and more detailed approach to data acquisition, with the potential to enhance avalanche monitoring and forecasting while contributing to improved safety measures in alpine environments.

本研究探讨了无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）机载探地雷达（GPR）在具有挑战性的高山环境中进行高分辨率、斜坡尺度雪深监测的潜力，以推进当前评估雪崩形成概率的方法。为了确保在不同飞行条件下的精度，我们系统地研究了无人机高度和方向如何影响雷达后向散射，评估了基于高度的功率校准的必要性。这些实验揭示了飞行动力学对信号返回的影响，有助于改进复杂地形下的数据处理。在两个冬季期间，在奥地利阿尔卑斯山的不同地点进行了实地调查，将探地雷达数据与传统参考测量结果进行了比较。结果显示，雷达探地雷达方法与探测器测得的雪深有很强的相关性（R2=0.94, r=0.97），证明了无人机机载雷达探地雷达方法的可靠性。此外，我们的研究结果强调了雪深的大量小尺度变化，即使是在短距离上，也强调了传统点尺度观测的局限性。本研究中使用的无人机机载GPR系统具有最小的部署复杂性，依赖于现成的组件，使科学家和从业者都可以使用。通过提供高分辨率雪深测绘，它补充了固定气象站，并显著增强了传统的原位观测以及空中和星载雪深产品。这种方法提供了一种更安全、更有效、更详细的数据采集方法，有可能加强雪崩监测和预测，同时有助于改善高山环境中的安全措施。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical characteristics and constitutive elastic damage modelling of warm frozen silty sand with different moisture contents 不同含水率暖冻粉砂力学特性及本构弹性损伤模型

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104756

Hongbo Zhang , Weixing Bao , Jie Li , Puerhaiti Ainiwaer , Xiaodong Li , Cheng Yuan , Xiaolin Guan

This study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of mechanical property changes and the internal damage deformation mechanism of warm permafrost under conditions with moisture contents ranging from ultra-high (25 % and 50 %) to low (8 % and 13.3 %). Triaxial compression tests were performed under three characteristic moisture content conditions at −0.3 °C, −0.7 °C, and − 1.2 °C, and at the confining pressures of 0.05 MPa, 0.15 MPa, and 0.3 MPa. The test results showed that the samples' moisture contents of 8 % and 13.3 % (saturation) exhibited strain-softening behaviour, with the 8 % moisture content samples demonstrating more pronounced strain-softening effects. The 25 % and 50 % moisture content samples displayed strain-hardening behaviour and exhibited the characteristic of the initial modulus rapidly dropping to a lower stable value, while the strength and residual strength for each moisture content showed a linear increase with decreasing temperature and increasing confining pressure. Variations in initial moisture content and dry density affected the internal bonding structure and skeletal framework of warm permafrost, and the internal bonding structure and skeletal composition determined the upper and lower strength limits, respectively. The impacts of temperature, confining pressure, and initial moisture content on modulus varied considerably. As the initial moisture content increased, warm permafrost transitioned from brittle shear to plastic bulging failure. In addition, the structural properties, deformation behaviour, and failure mechanisms of warm permafrost varied considerably with changes in the moisture content. Confining pressure and temperature influenced the mechanical damage, deformation, and failure behaviour of warm permafrost through distinct mechanisms. A more versatile nonlinear elastic damage model was developed based on the specific damage-deformation characteristics of warm permafrost. The prediction model yielded results that agreed closely with the experimental data.

本研究旨在探讨含水率从超高（25%和50%）到低（8%和13.3%）条件下暖冻土的力学性能变化机制和内部损伤变形机制。在- 0.3°C、- 0.7°C和- 1.2°C三种特征含水率条件下，围压分别为0.05 MPa、0.15 MPa和0.3 MPa，进行三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明，含水率为8%和13.3%（饱和）的试样均表现出应变软化行为，8%含水率的试样表现出更为明显的应变软化效应。25%和50%含水率试样表现出应变硬化行为，初始模量迅速下降至较低的稳定值，而各含水率试样的强度和残余强度随温度和围压的降低呈线性增加。初始含水率和干密度的变化影响了暖冻土的内部粘结结构和骨架骨架，内部粘结结构和骨架组成分别决定了暖冻土的强度上限和强度下限。温度、围压和初始含水率对模量的影响变化较大。随着初始含水率的增加，暖冻土由脆性剪切破坏向塑性胀形破坏过渡。此外，随着含水率的变化，暖冻土的结构特性、变形行为和破坏机制也发生了很大的变化。围压和温度通过不同的机制影响暖冻土的力学损伤、变形和破坏行为。基于暖冻土特殊的损伤变形特征，建立了一种更通用的非线性弹性损伤模型。预测模型得到的结果与实验数据非常吻合。

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引用次数: 0

Glacier and glacial lake evolution in response to local climate forcing: A quantitative assessment in Ulugh Muztagh, Eastern Kunlun Mountains 东昆仑乌鲁穆兹塔格冰川与冰湖演化对局地气候强迫的响应

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104755

Lihua Chen , Yanjun Che , Yun Cao , Mingjun Zhang , Lailei Gu , Shijin Wang

As an important part of the glaciated region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the western part of the Kunlun Mountains has mainly been studied, while little research has been conducted in the eastern part of the Kunlun Mountains due to its harsh environment and poor accessibility. In this study, the Ulugh Muztagh region of the largest glaciated region in the eastern Kunlun Mountains was selected as the study area to estimate the changes in the glaciers, glacial lakes, and local climate. The outlines of the glaciers and glacial lakes were manually extracted to obtain an accurate glacier inventory, and the characteristics of these glaciers and glacial lakes during 1990–2020 were analyzed. The results revealed that there were 245 glaciers and 16 glacial lakes in 1990 and 2020. During this period, the glacier area decreased by 7.95 ± 1.26 km² and the glacial lake area decreased by 0.24 km². The area of these glaciers exhibited a slight retreat, and the area of the glacial lakes shrank by 7.2 km². The number of glacial lakes exhibited a fluctuating increasing trend. Two glacial lake outbursts occurred in an ice-dammed lake in the northwestern part of Ulugh Muztagh during 1998–2002, exhibiting a periodic outburst pattern. In addition, the recession of the glaciers in contact with glacial lakes was more significant than that of the glaciers not in contact with glacial lakes. The significant increase in summer precipitation was a main driving factor in the evolution of the glacial lakes. The slight retreat of the glaciers in this region did not exhibit a significant correlation with the summer air temperature, but it did exhibit a correlation with the precipitation.

本研究选择东昆仑最大的冰川区乌鲁穆兹塔格地区作为研究区域，估算冰川、冰湖和当地气候的变化。人工提取冰川和冰湖轮廓，获得准确的冰川清查数据，分析1990-2020年冰川和冰湖特征。结果表明，1990年和2020年，青藏高原共有冰川245条，冰湖16个。冰川面积减少了7.95±1.26 km2，冰湖面积减少了0.24 km2。冰川面积略有缩小，冰湖面积缩小7.2 km2。冰湖数量呈波动增加趋势。1998-2002年，乌卢穆兹塔格西北部某冰坝湖泊发生两次冰湖溃决，表现出周期性溃决的特征。此外，与冰湖接触的冰川的退缩比不与冰湖接触的冰川更为显著。夏季降水的显著增加是冰湖演化的主要驱动因素。该地区冰川的轻微退缩与夏季气温的相关性不显著，但与降水的相关性显著。

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引用次数: 0

Considerable potential for artificial ice reservoirs in the Mongolian Altai mountains to mitigate the impact of climate change on water security in arid western Mongolia 蒙古阿尔泰山人工冰库在缓解气候变化对蒙古西部干旱地区水安全影响方面具有巨大潜力

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104748

Zolbayar Jargalsaikhan , Batsuren Dorjsuren , Otgonbayar Demberel , Altanbold Enkhbold , Dashlkham Batmunkh , Muhammad Adnan , Hongkai Gao

The high mountainous regions of western Mongolia serve as vital “water towers” for Indigenous herders and fragile ecosystems. However, climate change presents serious threats to the high-altitude cryosphere—glaciers and permafrost—jeopardizing water security. Artificial ice reservoir technologies have emerged as adaptive solutions to address seasonal water shortages, especially in the spring. These systems involve freezing diverted melt water during winter and gradually releasing it as it melts in warmer months for drinking, irrigation, and livestock watering.

This review systematically evaluates four major approaches—traditional ice harvesting, diversion-based artificial glaciers, in-stream glacier enhancement, and recent innovations such as Ice Walls and Ice Stupas. Beyond describing techniques, we critically analyze their efficiency, scalability, and applicability under different climatic and socio-economic conditions. The Ice Stupa, initially developed in Ladakh, shows promising potential for adaptation in the Mongolian Altai due to its low-cost construction, flexibility, and controlled seasonal release. However, its success still depends heavily on local hydrological conditions, community participation, and ongoing maintenance.

To our knowledge, this is the first review to contextualize artificial ice reservoir technologies for Mongolia. By synthesizing global experiences with local environmental challenges, we highlight lessons learned, outline key design and implementation criteria, and suggest directions for future field testing. As climate pressures grow, these nature-based solutions could help enhance long-term water resilience strategies in high-altitude, arid regions.

蒙古西部的高山地区是当地牧民和脆弱生态系统的重要“水塔”。然而，气候变化对高海拔冰冻圈-冰川和永久冻土构成严重威胁，危及水安全。人工冰库技术已经成为解决季节性水资源短缺的适应性解决方案，特别是在春季。这些系统包括在冬季将转移的融水冷冻起来，并在温暖的月份融水时逐渐释放出来，用于饮用、灌溉和牲畜灌溉。本文系统地评价了四种主要的方法：传统的冰收集、基于导流的人工冰川、河流内冰川增强以及最近的创新，如冰墙和冰塔。除了描述技术之外，我们还批判性地分析了它们在不同气候和社会经济条件下的效率、可扩展性和适用性。然而，它的成功仍然在很大程度上取决于当地的水文条件、社区参与和持续的维护。据我们所知，这是第一次对蒙古人工冰库技术进行综述。通过综合全球经验和当地环境挑战，我们强调了经验教训，概述了关键的设计和实施标准，并为未来的现场测试提出了方向。随着气候压力的增加，这些基于自然的解决方案可以帮助加强高海拔干旱地区的长期水恢复战略。

{"title":"Considerable potential for artificial ice reservoirs in the Mongolian Altai mountains to mitigate the impact of climate change on water security in arid western Mongolia","authors":"Zolbayar Jargalsaikhan , Batsuren Dorjsuren , Otgonbayar Demberel , Altanbold Enkhbold , Dashlkham Batmunkh , Muhammad Adnan , Hongkai Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high mountainous regions of western Mongolia serve as vital “water towers” for Indigenous herders and fragile ecosystems. However, climate change presents serious threats to the high-altitude cryosphere—glaciers and permafrost—jeopardizing water security. Artificial ice reservoir technologies have emerged as adaptive solutions to address seasonal water shortages, especially in the spring. These systems involve freezing diverted melt water during winter and gradually releasing it as it melts in warmer months for drinking, irrigation, and livestock watering.</div><div>This review systematically evaluates four major approaches—traditional ice harvesting, diversion-based artificial glaciers, in-stream glacier enhancement, and recent innovations such as Ice Walls and Ice Stupas. Beyond describing techniques, we critically analyze their efficiency, scalability, and applicability under different climatic and socio-economic conditions. The Ice Stupa, initially developed in Ladakh, shows promising potential for adaptation in the Mongolian Altai due to its low-cost construction, flexibility, and controlled seasonal release. However, its success still depends heavily on local hydrological conditions, community participation, and ongoing maintenance.</div><div>To our knowledge, this is the first review to contextualize artificial ice reservoir technologies for Mongolia. By synthesizing global experiences with local environmental challenges, we highlight lessons learned, outline key design and implementation criteria, and suggest directions for future field testing. As climate pressures grow, these nature-based solutions could help enhance long-term water resilience strategies in high-altitude, arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The freeze-thaw model of cementitious materials partially saturated with dissolved salts: From elastic deformation to non-uniform plastic deformation 溶盐部分饱和胶凝材料冻融模型：从弹性变形到非均匀塑性变形

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104754

Heqing Gou , Xinchun Guan

This study establishes a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model to describe the damage evolution of cementitious materials with dissolved salts under freeze-thaw conditions, from unsaturated to saturated states of water. A pore pressure calculation equation, accounting for air, is proposed based on the thermodynamic equilibrium of substances in the pores and the initial material state, and integrated into the pore elastoplastic model.The model also considers the convective diffusion of the gas phase and the permeation adsorption process of dissolved salts. The freeze-thaw process is simulated using the equilibrium method, incorporating hysteresis effects, and combined with the saturation function to quantify the uneven ice distribution due to the saturation gradient from external moisture absorption.The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparisons with experimental data and the results of classical models from the literature. The discussion section demonstrates that the model effectively describes the process of moisture replacing air in pores during freeze-thaw cycles and incorporates this into the subsequent cycle. It also shows that the surface moisture saturation is significantly higher than that of the interior, which is a key factor contributing to surface frost damage in the material.

本研究建立了一个完全耦合的热-水-力学模型来描述冻融条件下含溶盐胶凝材料从非饱和状态到水饱和状态的损伤演化过程。基于孔隙中物质的热力学平衡和材料的初始状态，提出了考虑空气的孔隙压力计算方程，并将其整合到孔隙弹塑性模型中。该模型还考虑了气相的对流扩散和溶解盐的渗透吸附过程。采用平衡法模拟冻融过程，考虑了滞后效应，并结合饱和函数量化了外部吸湿饱和梯度引起的冰分布不均匀。通过与实验数据和文献中经典模型结果的比较，验证了该模型的有效性。讨论部分表明，该模型有效地描述了冻融循环期间孔隙中水分取代空气的过程，并将其纳入后续循环。表面含水率明显高于内部含水率，这是造成材料表面冻害的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Ground surface boundary condition methods for analysis of climate-driven permafrost thaw: A comparative study and long-term projections for Nunavik, Canada 分析气候驱动的永久冻土融化的地表边界条件方法：加拿大努那维克的比较研究和长期预测

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104735

Ali Fatolahzadeh Gheysari , Pooneh Maghoul

Infrastructure in northern regions is increasingly threatened by climate change, mainly due to permafrost thaw. Prediction of permafrost stability is essential for assessing the long-term stability of such infrastructure. A key aspect of geotechnical problems subject to climate change is addressing the surface energy balance (SEB). In this study, we evaluated three methodologies for applying surface boundary conditions in long-term thermal geotechnical analyses, including SEB heat flux, n-factors, and machine learning (ML) models by using ERA5-Land climate reanalysis data until 2100. We aimed to determine the most effective approach for accurately predicting ground surface temperatures for climate-resilient design of northern infrastructure. The evaluation results indicated that the ML-based approach outperformed both the SEB heat flux and n-factors methods, demonstrating significantly lower prediction errors. The feasibility of long-term thermal analysis of geotechnical problems using ML-predicted ground surface temperatures was then demonstrated through a permafrost case study in the community of Salluit in northern Canada, for which the thickness of the active layer and talik were calculated under moderate and extreme climate scenarios by the end of the 21st century. Finally, we discussed the application and limitations of surface boundary condition methodologies, such as the limited applicability of the n-factors in long-term analysis and the sensitivity of the SEB heat flux to inputs and thermal imbalance. The findings highlight the importance of selecting suitable boundary condition methodologies in enhancing the reliability of thermal geotechnical analyses in cold regions.

北方地区的基础设施日益受到气候变化的威胁，主要是由于永久冻土融化。永冻层稳定性的预测对于评估此类基础设施的长期稳定性至关重要。受气候变化影响的岩土工程问题的一个关键方面是解决地表能量平衡（SEB）。在这项研究中，我们利用era5 -陆地气候再分析数据，评估了三种将地表边界条件应用于长期热岩土分析的方法，包括SEB热通量、n因子和机器学习（ML）模型。我们的目标是确定最有效的方法来准确预测北部基础设施的气候适应性设计的地表温度。评价结果表明，基于ml的方法预测误差明显低于SEB热通量法和n因子法。利用ml预测的地表温度对岩土工程问题进行长期热分析的可行性，然后通过加拿大北部萨鲁特社区的永久冻土案例研究进行了验证，该案例计算了到21世纪末在中度和极端气候情景下活动层和对话层的厚度。最后，我们讨论了表面边界条件方法的应用和局限性，如n因子在长期分析中的有限适用性以及SEB热通量对输入和热不平衡的敏感性。研究结果强调了选择合适的边界条件方法对于提高寒冷地区热岩土分析的可靠性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the variation of pore pressure and the frost heave characteristics of unsaturated frozen Pisha sandstone 非饱和冻沙砂岩孔隙压力变化及冻胀特性试验研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104752

Wei Liu , Xiangtian Xu , Xinran Sun , Wenli Zhao

Pisha sandstone, as the main geotechnical composition in the Ordos region, directly affects the safety and stability of transportation infrastructure due to its pore pressures. This study investigates the pore pressure variation in unsaturated frozen Pisha sandstone and develops a novel testing system capable of simultaneously measuring pore water pressure and pore air pressure, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-phase testing devices. The main advantage of this system is that it separates pore water pressure testing from pore air pressure testing, overcoming the limitation of traditional methods that cannot distinguish between the two, allowing for a clearer understanding of how moisture migration affects frost heaving. Using this system, freezing experiments were carried out on unsaturated frozen Pisha sandstone samples with varying initial saturations under a − 15 °C cold bath condition. Data on the changes in pore pressure and frost heave deformation during the freezing process were collected. The results indicate that pore water pressure decays exponentially during freezing, and its variation is closely linked to the unfrozen water content. In the early stage of freezing, the pore water pressure decreases sharply and then stabilizes in the steady state. At higher saturation levels, the rate of decrease in pore water pressure slows down significantly. Specifically, when the initial saturation is 37.19 % and 74.38 %, the peak pore water pressure values are −52.6 kPa and − 61.5 kPa, respectively. In samples with higher saturation, the pore water pressure approaches −74.1 kPa and − 74.8 kPa, indicating a clear enhancement of pore water pressure due to higher saturation. The pore air pressure decreases sharply in the early stages of freezing, particularly in high-saturation samples, where a pronounced nonlinear variation in pore air pressure is observed, and shallow air pressure is significantly higher than deep air pressure. The coordinated evolution of pore air and pore water pressures during freezing reflects the interactions among the ice-water-air three-phase medium, particularly during ice crystal expansion and water-ice phase transition. The findings provide support for the study of pore pressure in unsaturated frozen soil and offer technical support for the stability assessment of engineering in frozen soil areas.

皮沙砂岩作为鄂尔多斯地区的主要岩土成分，其孔隙压力直接影响到交通基础设施的安全稳定。本文研究了非饱和冻结皮沙砂岩孔隙压力的变化规律，克服了传统单相测试装置的局限性，开发了一种能够同时测量孔隙水压力和孔隙空气压力的新型测试系统。该系统的主要优点是将孔隙水压力测试与孔隙空气压力测试分离开来，克服了传统方法无法区分两者的局限性，可以更清楚地了解水分迁移如何影响霜胀。利用该系统，在- 15℃冷浴条件下，对不同初始饱和度的非饱和冻Pisha砂岩试样进行了冻结实验。收集了冻结过程中孔隙压力和冻胀变形的变化数据。结果表明，孔隙水压力在冻结过程中呈指数衰减，其变化与未冻水含量密切相关。在冻结初期，孔隙水压力急剧下降，随后趋于稳定。在较高的饱和水平下，孔隙水压力的下降速度明显减缓。其中，初始饱和度为37.19%和74.38%时，孔隙水压力峰值分别为- 52.6 kPa和- 61.5 kPa。在高饱和度的样品中，孔隙水压力分别接近- 74.1 kPa和- 74.8 kPa，表明高饱和度对孔隙水压力有明显的增强作用。孔隙空气压力在冻结初期急剧下降，特别是在高饱和度样品中，孔隙空气压力出现明显的非线性变化，并且浅层空气压力明显高于深层空气压力。冻结过程中孔隙空气和孔隙水压力的协调演化反映了冰-水-空气三相介质之间的相互作用，特别是在冰晶膨胀和水-冰相变过程中。研究结果为非饱和冻土孔隙压力的研究提供了支撑，并为冻土区工程稳定性评价提供了技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Automated machine learning and interpretability analysis for predicting frozen soil properties in p–y curve calibration 在p-y曲线校准中预测冻土特性的自动机器学习和可解释性分析

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104750

Guanya Lu , Zhengyu Li , Xiyin Zhang , Bingzhe Zhang

For bridge design and analysis in frozen-soil regions, the p-y curve is a widely used and effective method for simulating the mechanical behavior of pile-frozen soil interaction. Two key parameters that define this curve are the unconfined compressive strength (UCS, σ_m) and strain corresponding to 50 % ultimate strength (ε₅₀). However, rapidly and accurately predicting how critical factors such as temperature, strain rate, and dry density affect frozen soil behavior and the resulting p-y curve remains a persistent challenge. This study presents a comprehensive database of 761 experimental samples derived from established unconfined compression tests on frozen soils. Automated machine learning models were developed to predict σ_m and ε₅₀, and their applicability domains and prediction intervals were established. These models outperformed five traditional machine learning algorithms. Moreover, SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to interpret the contribution of temperature, strain rate, dry density, and soil type to model predictions, enhancing the understanding of their interactions. The results show that the proposed approach effectively captures the effects of key parameters across a broad range of conditions. Additionally, comparisons with classical empirical equations reveal that the AutoML models offer improved accuracy in predicting σ_m and ε₅₀. An engineering recommendation table was also constructed to enhance the models' practical applicability. The established AutoML model provides a solution for estimating the mechanical properties of frozen soils, particularly under unconfined or low-confinement scenarios.

在冻土区桥梁设计与分析中，p-y曲线是一种广泛使用且有效的模拟桩-冻土相互作用力学行为的方法。定义该曲线的两个关键参数是无侧限抗压强度（UCS, σm）和50%极限强度对应的应变（ε50）。然而，快速准确地预测温度、应变率和干密度等关键因素如何影响冻土行为和由此产生的p-y曲线仍然是一个持续的挑战。本研究提出了一个综合数据库的761个实验样本，来自已建立的冻土无侧限压缩试验。建立了预测σm和ε50的自动化机器学习模型，建立了模型的适用范围和预测区间。这些模型优于五种传统的机器学习算法。此外，采用SHapley加性解释解释了温度、应变率、干密度和土壤类型对模型预测的贡献，增强了对它们相互作用的理解。结果表明，所提出的方法有效地捕获了关键参数在广泛条件下的影响。此外，与经典经验方程的比较表明，AutoML模型对σm和ε50的预测精度有所提高。为了提高模型的实用性，还构建了工程推荐表。建立的AutoML模型为冻土力学特性的估计提供了一种解决方案，特别是在无约束或低约束情况下。

{"title":"Automated machine learning and interpretability analysis for predicting frozen soil properties in p–y curve calibration","authors":"Guanya Lu , Zhengyu Li , Xiyin Zhang , Bingzhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For bridge design and analysis in frozen-soil regions, the <em>p-y</em> curve is a widely used and effective method for simulating the mechanical behavior of pile-frozen soil interaction. Two key parameters that define this curve are the unconfined compressive strength (UCS, <em>σ</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>) and strain corresponding to 50 % ultimate strength (<em>ε</em><sub>50</sub>). However, rapidly and accurately predicting how critical factors such as temperature, strain rate, and dry density affect frozen soil behavior and the resulting <em>p</em>-<em>y</em> curve remains a persistent challenge. This study presents a comprehensive database of 761 experimental samples derived from established unconfined compression tests on frozen soils. Automated machine learning models were developed to predict <em>σ</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> and <em>ε</em><sub>50</sub>, and their applicability domains and prediction intervals were established. These models outperformed five traditional machine learning algorithms. Moreover, SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to interpret the contribution of temperature, strain rate, dry density, and soil type to model predictions, enhancing the understanding of their interactions. The results show that the proposed approach effectively captures the effects of key parameters across a broad range of conditions. Additionally, comparisons with classical empirical equations reveal that the AutoML models offer improved accuracy in predicting <em>σ</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> and <em>ε</em><sub>50</sub>. An engineering recommendation table was also constructed to enhance the models' practical applicability. The established AutoML model provides a solution for estimating the mechanical properties of frozen soils, particularly under unconfined or low-confinement scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of supercooling phenomena in soil-water systems based on nucleation theory: quantifying supercooling duration 基于成核理论的土壤-水系统过冷现象研究：过冷时间的量化

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104753

Kunyu Li , Chong Wang , Ying Lai , Jiaqi Tian , Fanshuo Meng , Junping Ren , Shuangyang Li

Controlling soil freezing in cold regions can mitigate engineering problems caused by freezing-thawing cycles. The challenge lies in predicting the duration of soil supercooling and determining its limiting temperature. Based on the thermodynamic and crystallization dynamics methods, we constructed a theoretical model to estimate the duration of soil supercooling by analyzing phase changes and energy evolution during the supercooling process. We also explored and designed a comprehensive scheme for controlling soil supercooling and freezing. The following conclusions were obtained: the validity of the proposed theoretical model (RMSE≈0.011 h, MAPE≈2.14 %, R² ≈ 0.98) was confirmed using the soil freezing observation test data carried out by several groups of scholars under different conditions. The supercooling process can be divided into two phases: “cooling” and “recovery”. Usually, the recovery phase is very short and can be neglected in saline and clay soils. Within the scope of common operating conditions, sensitivities to the supercooling duration, in descending order, are pore radius, salinity, pore ratio and pore saturation. Supercooling duration is inversely proportional to pore size and directly proportional to pore ratio and saturation. Increasing soil porosity and saturation while decreasing soil pore radius significantly enhances soil supercooling properties. However, to prevent frost heave, saturation should not exceed 0.9. In areas with high salinity or non-saline areas, maintaining consistent local salinity helps preserve soil supercooling properties. In salinized soils, replacing non-saline soils at appropriate project depths can optimize supercooling and reduce the risk of salt expansion related issues.

控制寒区土壤冻结可以缓解冻融循环带来的工程问题。挑战在于预测土壤过冷持续时间和确定其极限温度。基于热力学和结晶动力学方法，通过分析过冷过程中的相变和能量演化，建立了估算土壤过冷持续时间的理论模型。探讨并设计了土壤过冷冻结综合治理方案。得到以下结论：利用多组学者在不同条件下进行的土壤冻结观测试验数据，验证了理论模型的有效性（RMSE≈0.011 h, MAPE≈2.14%,R2≈0.98）。过冷过程可分为两个阶段：“冷却”和“恢复”。通常，在盐渍土和粘土中，恢复阶段很短，可以忽略不计。在常用工况范围内，对过冷时间的敏感性由高到低依次为孔隙半径、矿化度、孔隙比和孔隙饱和度。过冷时间与孔隙大小成反比，与孔隙比和饱和度成正比。增加土壤孔隙度和饱和度，减小孔隙半径，显著提高土壤过冷性。但是，为了防止冻胀，饱和度不应超过0.9。在含盐量高或不含盐的地区，保持恒定的局部盐度有助于保持土壤的过冷性。在盐碱化土壤中，在适当的工程深度替换非盐碱化土壤可以优化过冷，降低盐膨胀相关问题的风险。

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引用次数: 0