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Reassessment of Radiation Exposure From Bone Scintigraphy 重新评估骨闪烁成像的辐射量
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002274982231211102127
Handan Tanyildizi-Kökkülünk, Ahmet Murat Şenişik, Mahmut Yüksel
Aim: This study was aimed to re-determine the radiation dose rate emitted from the patients who underwent bone scintigraphy Material and Methods: A mean of 20.87±2.54 mCi 99mTc-MDP was injected into patients. A GM counter was used to measure dose rates in 3 different periods, at intervals of 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm from the patient's anterior for head, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis levels. Measurements were used to determine patient-induced environmental doses and radiation doses to personnel/patient relatives. Results and Discussion: There were strong correlations between mean dose rate (mRh-1mCi-1) and time at all regions and distances. The received dose for staff was calculated between a range of 0.01-0.02 mSv/mCi per patient. The total dose to be received by the companion was estimated to be between 0.019-0.039 and 0.011-0.022 mSv for public and personal vehicle transportation, respectively. The radiation dose exposed by nurses (4th, 6th, and 8th hours after injection) was found to be 0.012-0.064, 0.006-0.038, and 0.002-0.018 mSv/patient, respectively. Conclusion: The fact that the doses of personnel and patient relatives in the study were below the legal limits shows that the study was carried out within a safe range. However, in terms of radiation protection, it is necessary to limit the time spent with the patient as much as possible and increase the distance. Since the dangers of low radiation dosages are unknown, there is a need to inform the patient's relatives and staff about the potential risks.
目的:本研究旨在重新确定接受骨闪烁扫描的患者的辐射剂量率:向患者平均注射 20.87±2.54 mCi 99m锝-MDP。使用 GM 计数器测量 3 个不同时间段的剂量率,距离患者前方 25、50、100、150 和 200 厘米处分别为头部、胸部、腹部和骨盆水平。测量结果用于确定患者引起的环境剂量和人员/患者亲属受到的辐射剂量。结果与讨论:所有区域和距离的平均剂量率(mRh-1mCi-1)与时间之间都有很强的相关性。工作人员的接收剂量计算范围为 0.01-0.02 mSv/mCi/每名患者。据估计,陪同人员在公共交通工具和私人交通工具上受到的总剂量分别为 0.019-0.039 毫希沃特和 0.011-0.022 毫希沃特。护士(注射后第 4、第 6 和第 8 小时)/患者受到的辐射剂量分别为 0.012-0.064、0.006-0.038 和 0.002-0.018 mSv。结论研究人员和患者亲属的剂量均低于法定限值,这表明研究是在安全范围内进行的。然而,在辐射防护方面,有必要尽可能限制与患者在一起的时间并增加距离。由于低剂量辐射的危害尚不清楚,因此有必要向病人亲属和工作人员告知潜在的风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Impacts and Changes Related to the Cancer Drug Resistance Mechanism 与癌症抗药性机制有关的影响和变化
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002266408231207150547
Prachi varshney, Vishal Sharma, Devdhar Yadav, Yogesh Kumar, Amit Singh, Naga Rani Kagithala, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Omji Porwal, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Koteswara Rao GSN
Background: Cancer drug resistance remains a difficult barrier to effective treatment, necessitating a thorough understanding of its multi-layered mechanism. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively explore the diverse mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assess the evolution of resistance detection methods, and identify strategies for overcoming this challenge. The evolution of resistance detection methods and identification strategies for overcoming the challenge. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms, including altered drug efflux, reduced uptake, inactivation, target mutations, signaling pathway changes, apoptotic defects, and cellular plasticity. The evolution of mutation detection techniques, encompassing clinical predictions, experimental approaches, and computational methods, was investigated. Strategies to enhance drug efficacy, modify pharmacokinetics, optimizoptimizee binding modes, and explore alternate protein folding states were examined. Results: The study comprehensively overviews the intricate mechanisms contributing to cancer drug resistance. It outlines the progression of mutation detection methods and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches. Strategies to overcome drug resistance challenges, such as modulating ATP-binding cassette transporters and developing multidrug resistance inhibitors, are discussed. The study underscores the critical need for continued research to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the complexity of cancer drug resistance mechanisms, highlights evolving detection methods, and offers potential strategies to enhance treatment outcomes.
背景:癌症耐药性仍然是有效治疗的一个难以逾越的障碍,因此有必要深入了解其多层次的机制。研究目的本研究旨在全面探讨癌症耐药性的多种机制,评估耐药性检测方法的演变,并确定克服这一挑战的策略。耐药性检测方法的演变,并确定克服这一挑战的策略。方法:通过全面的文献综述,分析内在和获得性耐药机制,包括药物外流改变、摄取减少、失活、靶点突变、信号通路变化、凋亡缺陷和细胞可塑性。研究还探讨了突变检测技术的演变,包括临床预测、实验方法和计算方法。研究还探讨了提高药物疗效、改变药代动力学、优化结合模式和探索替代蛋白质折叠状态的策略。研究结果该研究全面概述了导致癌症耐药性的复杂机制。它概述了突变检测方法的进展,并强调了跨学科方法的重要性。研究还讨论了克服耐药性挑战的策略,如调节 ATP 结合盒转运体和开发多药耐药性抑制剂。该研究强调了继续开展研究以提高癌症治疗效果的迫切需要。结论:本研究为了解癌症耐药机制的复杂性提供了宝贵的见解,强调了不断发展的检测方法,并提供了提高治疗效果的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of İntravenous Enrofloxacin in One- Six- And Twelve-Month-Old Sheep 静脉注射恩诺沙星对 1-6 月龄和 12 月龄绵羊的药代动力学比较
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002278220231208072351
Devran Coskun, Orhan Corum, Duygu Durna Corum, Kamil Uney
Background: Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for use in sheep of all ages. The body composition and metabolic capability change with age. These changes may alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs and thus their effect. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of drugs need to be established in target-age animals Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ENR and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), following a single intravenous administration of ENR at a dose of 10 mg/kg in different ages of sheep. Methods: The study was carried out in the one-, six- and twelve-month age period of the sheep. A single dose of 10 mg/kg ENR was administered intravenously through the jugular vein to sheep in all age periods. ENR and CIP plasma concentrations were determined using HPLC–UV and analyzed using a non-compartmental method. Results: ENR was detected in the plasma until 36 h in one-month-old and up to 24 h in other ages. CIP was detected in the plasma up to 24 h in all age groups. The t1/2ʎz and Vdss were significantly higher in one-month-old sheep than in six and twelve-months old sheep. There was no difference in ClT and AUC values in different age groups. AUC0-∞CIP/AUC0-∞ENR ratios were higher in one-month-old than in six- and twelve-months sheep. Conclusion: The most important pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging in sheep are decreased Vdss and t1/2ʎz of ENR and the low ratio metabolizing of ENR to CIP. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data showed that ENR after IV administration of 10 mg/kg dose provided the optimal AUC0–24/MIC90 ratios for E. coli, P. multocida and Mycoplasma spp. (>125) with MIC of 0.37 µg/mL and for S. aureus (>30) with MIC of 0.5 µg/mL in all ages of sheep.
背景:恩诺沙星(ENR)是一种氟喹诺酮类抗生素,已被批准用于所有年龄段的绵羊。身体成分和代谢能力会随着年龄的增长而发生变化。这些变化可能会改变药物的药代动力学,从而改变药物的效果。因此,需要在目标年龄动物中确定药物的药代动力学:测定ENR及其活性代谢产物环丙沙星(CIP)在不同年龄的绵羊体内单次静脉注射10毫克/千克剂量ENR后的药代动力学。研究方法研究分别在绵羊一岁、六个月和十二个月大时进行。通过颈静脉给所有年龄段的绵羊静脉注射单剂量 10 毫克/千克 ENR。采用高效液相色谱-紫外法测定ENR和CIP的血浆浓度,并采用非室分析法进行分析。结果:在一个月大的绵羊血浆中检测到 ENR 的时间为 36 小时,在其他年龄段的绵羊血浆中检测到 ENR 的时间为 24 小时。在所有年龄组中,血浆中检测到 CIP 的时间均不超过 24 小时。一个月大绵羊的 t1/2ʎz 和 Vdss 明显高于六个月大和十二个月大的绵羊。不同年龄组的 ClT 和 AUC 值没有差异。一个月大的绵羊的 AUC0-∞CIP/AUC0-∞ENR 比率高于六个月大和十二个月大的绵羊。结论与绵羊衰老相关的最重要的药代动力学变化是 ENR 的 Vdss 和 t1/2 ʎz 下降,以及 ENR 与 CIP 的代谢比率降低。药代动力学/药效学数据显示,在所有年龄段的绵羊中,静脉注射 10 毫克/千克剂量的 ENR 对大肠杆菌、多杀性念珠菌和支原体 (>125) 的最佳 AUC0-24/MIC90 比率为 0.37 µg/mL ,对金黄色葡萄球菌 (>30) 的最佳 AUC0-24/MIC90 比率为 0.5 µg/mL。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical Evaluation of Oleocanthal Reactive Centers 油菜醛反应中心的理论评估
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002276499231201094142
Mohammad Hossein Asgarshamsi, Mehrdad Mohammadpour Dehkordi, Seyed Mohamad Reza Nazifi, Krzysztof K. Zborowski
Background:: Decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone (oleocanthal) is an essential component of olive oil. It is therefore interesting to study its metabolism in the human body. In order to find the best possible starting point for this metabolism, a theoretical study was carried out using DFT calculations and docking studies. Methods:: The DFT, B3LYP/6-311++G** and the PCM solvation model calculations were used to study the initial process of oleocanthal metabolism by the CYP1A2 enzyme. Structures of radicals formed by homolytic dissociation of hydrogen atoms from the oleocanthal structure were obtained and their properties were studied. Several parameters such as HOMO and LUMO energy gaps, Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE), hardness, and spin density of possible oleocanthal radicals were taken into account. Docking of oleocanthal into an enzyme binding pocket was also performed to locate the most probably metabolic site. Detailed analysis of the theoretical results allows the determination of the most likely reaction sites in oleocanthal. The mode of binding of oleocanthal to the CYP1A2 enzyme was also predicted. Results:: The results of the molecular docking studies are in agreement with the calculated quantum parameters. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental data available in the scientific literature. A high correlation between theoretical calculations and experimental data was observed. The most likely site of oleocanthal metabolism was identified. Conclusion:: The results of our research support the usefulness of theoretical calculations in predicting metabolic pathways.
背景::癸羧甲基ligstroside aglycone(油黄质)是橄榄油中的一种重要成分。因此,研究它在人体内的新陈代谢很有意义。为了找到这种新陈代谢的最佳起点,我们利用 DFT 计算和对接研究进行了理论研究。研究方法利用 DFT、B3LYP/6-311++G** 和 PCM 溶解模型计算研究了 CYP1A2 酶代谢油菜醛的初始过程。获得了油菜醛结构中氢原子同解形成的自由基结构,并研究了它们的性质。研究考虑了可能的油菜素自由基的 HOMO 和 LUMO 能隙、键解离能 (BDE)、硬度和自旋密度等参数。此外,还将油菜醛与酶结合口袋进行了对接,以确定最可能的代谢位点。通过对理论结果的详细分析,可以确定油菜醛最可能的反应位点。此外,还预测了油菜醛与 CYP1A2 酶的结合模式。结果分子对接研究的结果与计算的量子参数一致。理论预测结果与科学文献中的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,理论计算结果与实验数据高度相关。确定了最有可能的油菜醛代谢位点。结论我们的研究结果支持理论计算在预测代谢途径方面的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacokinetics, Mass Balance, Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of [14C]101BHG-D01, a Novel Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist, in Rats 新型毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂 [14C]101BHG-D01 在大鼠体内的药代动力学、质量平衡、组织分布和代谢情况
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002275839231205111422
Huaye Gao, Cheng Yang, Wenhui Hu, Juefang Ding, Xingxing Diao, Yuandong Zheng, Chang Shu, Li Ding
Background:: 101BHG-D01, a novel long-acting and selective muscarinic receptor antagonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is undergoing Phase Ib clinical trial in patients and has shown its potential efficacy. Its preparation method and medical use thereof have been patented in the United States (Patent No.US9751875B2). Objective:: In this study, the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, tissue distribution and metabolism of radioactive 101BHG-D01 were investigated in rats after an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg [14C]101BHG-D01 (100 μCi/kg). objective: In this study, the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, tissue distribution and metabolism of radioactive 101BHG-D01 were investigated in rats after an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg [14C]101BHG-D01 (100 µCi/kg). Methods:: Radioactivity in rat plasma, urine, feces, and tissues was measured by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), and metabolite profiling and identification were conducted by UHPLC-β-RAM and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus MS. Results:: The total radioactivity of the study drug in rat plasma rapidly declined with an average terminal elimination half-life of 0.35 h. The radioactivity in most tissues reached the maximum concentration at 0.25 h post-- dosing. The radioactivity is mainly concentrated in the kidney and pancreas. The drug-related substances tended to be distributed into the blood cells in the circulation. At 168 h post dosing, the mean recovery of the total radioactivity in urine and feces was 78.82%. Fecal excretion was the major excretion route, accounting for approximately 61% of the radioactive dose. The study drug was metabolized extensively, and a total of 17 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The major metabolic pathways involved oxidation, oxidation and dehydrogenation, and O-dephenylation. result: The total radioactivity of the study drug in rat plasma rapidly declined with an average terminal elimination half-life of 0.19 h. The radioactivity in most tissues reached the maximum concentration at 0.25 h post dosing. The radioactivity mainly concentrated in the kidney and pancreas. The drug-related substances tended to be distributed into the blood cells in the circulation. At 168 h post dosing, the mean recovery of the total radioactivity in urine and feces was 78.82%. Fecal excretion was the major excretion route, accounting for approximately 61% of the radioactive dose. The study drug was metabolized extensively and a total of 17 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The major metabolic pathways involved oxidation, oxidation and dehydrogenation, and O-dephenylation. There was no significant sex difference in the distribution, metabolism and excretion of [14C]101BHG-D01. Conclusion:: In conclusion, the study results are useful for better understanding the pharmacokinetic profiles of 101BHG-D01 and provide a robust foundation for subsequent clinical studies.
背景::101BHG-D01 是一种用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的新型长效和选择性毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂,目前正在对患者进行 Ib 期临床试验,并已显示出其潜在的疗效。其制备方法和医疗用途已获得美国专利(专利号:US9751875B2)。研究目的在本研究中,研究了大鼠静脉注射 1 mg/kg [14C]101BHG-D01 (100 μCi/kg)后放射性 101BHG-D01 的药代动力学、质量平衡、组织分布和新陈代谢。 目的::本研究调查了大鼠静脉注射 1 mg/kg [14C]101BHG-D01 (100 μCi/kg)后放射性 101BHG-D01 的药代动力学、质量平衡、组织分布和代谢情况。方法::采用液体闪烁计数法(LSC)测量大鼠血浆、尿液、粪便和组织中的放射性,并采用 UHPLC-β-RAM 和 UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus MS 对代谢物进行分析和鉴定。结果研究药物在大鼠血浆中的总放射性迅速下降,平均终末消除半衰期为 0.35 h。放射性主要集中在肾脏和胰腺。在血液循环中,药物相关物质倾向于分布到血细胞中。服药后 168 小时,尿液和粪便中总放射性的平均回收率为 78.82%。粪便排泄是主要的排泄途径,约占放射性剂量的 61%。研究药物被广泛代谢,在大鼠血浆、尿液和粪便中总共发现了 17 种代谢物。主要代谢途径包括氧化、氧化和脱氢以及 O-脱苯:研究药物在大鼠血浆中的总放射性迅速下降,平均终末消除半衰期为 0.19 小时。放射性主要集中在肾脏和胰腺。与药物有关的物质倾向于分布到血液循环中的血细胞中。服药后 168 小时,尿液和粪便中总放射性的平均回收率为 78.82%。粪便排泄是主要的排泄途径,约占放射性剂量的 61%。研究药物被广泛代谢,在大鼠血浆、尿液和粪便中共鉴定出 17 种代谢物。主要代谢途径包括氧化、氧化和脱氢以及 O-脱苯。14C]101BHG-D01 的分布、代谢和排泄没有明显的性别差异。结论总之,研究结果有助于更好地了解 101BHG-D01 的药代动力学特征,并为后续临床研究奠定坚实的基础。
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4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.2174/138920022404230714101907
Ramesh Jayaraman
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4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/138920022408230928105612
Hiroshi Yamazaki
{"title":"Meet the Associate Editor","authors":"Hiroshi Yamazaki","doi":"10.2174/138920022408230928105612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138920022408230928105612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.2174/138920022407230928095028
Mohammad A. Kamal
{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"Mohammad A. Kamal","doi":"10.2174/138920022407230928095028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138920022407230928095028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/138920022406230908104733
Tadatoshi Tanino
{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"Tadatoshi Tanino","doi":"10.2174/138920022406230908104733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138920022406230908104733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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4区 医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/138920022405230824123727
Upendra A. Argikar
{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"Upendra A. Argikar","doi":"10.2174/138920022405230824123727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138920022405230824123727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Current drug metabolism
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