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Interplay of Ca2+ and K+ signals in cell physiology and cancer. Ca2+和K+信号在细胞生理和癌症中的相互作用。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.09.006
Andrea Becchetti

The cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and the activity of K+ channels on the plasma membrane regulate cellular processes ranging from mitosis to oriented migration. The interplay between Ca2+ and K+ signals is intricate, and different cell types rely on peculiar cellular mechanisms. Derangement of these mechanisms accompanies the neoplastic progression. The calcium signals modulated by voltage-gated (KV) and calcium-dependent (KCa) K+ channel activity regulate progression of the cell division cycle, the release of growth factors, apoptosis, cell motility and migration. Moreover, KV channels regulate the cell response to the local microenvironment by assembling with cell adhesion and growth factor receptors. This chapter summarizes the pathophysiological roles of Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in normal and cancer cells, by concentrating on several biological systems in which these functions have been studied in depth, such as early embryos, mammalian cell lines, T lymphocytes, gliomas and colorectal cancer cells. A full understanding of the underlying mechanisms will offer a comprehensive view of the ion channel implication in cancer biology and suggest potential pharmacological targets for novel therapeutic approaches in oncology.

细胞质Ca2+浓度和质膜上K+通道的活性调节从有丝分裂到定向迁移的细胞过程。Ca2+和K+信号之间的相互作用是复杂的,不同的细胞类型依赖于特殊的细胞机制。这些机制的紊乱伴随着肿瘤的发展。电压门控(KV)和钙依赖(KCa) K+通道活性调节的钙信号调节细胞分裂周期的进程、生长因子的释放、细胞凋亡、细胞运动和迁移。此外,KV通道通过与细胞粘附和生长因子受体结合来调节细胞对局部微环境的反应。本章总结了Ca2+和K+通量在正常细胞和癌细胞中的病理生理作用,重点介绍了这些功能已经深入研究的几个生物系统,如早期胚胎、哺乳动物细胞系、T淋巴细胞、胶质瘤和结直肠癌细胞。充分了解离子通道的潜在机制将提供一个全面的观点,以了解离子通道在癌症生物学中的意义,并为肿瘤新治疗方法提供潜在的药理学靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Setting the stage for universal pharmacological targeting of the glycocalyx. 为糖萼的普遍药理靶向奠定了基础。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.02.004
Karim Almahayni, Leonhard Möckl

All cells in the human body are covered by a complex meshwork of sugars as well as proteins and lipids to which these sugars are attached, collectively termed the glycocalyx. Over the past few decades, the glycocalyx has been implicated in a range of vital cellular processes in health and disease. Therefore, it has attracted considerable interest as a therapeutic target. Considering its omnipresence and its relevance for various areas of cell biology, the glycocalyx should be a versatile platform for therapeutic intervention, however, the full potential of the glycocalyx as therapeutic target is yet to unfold. This might be attributable to the fact that glycocalyx alterations are currently discussed mainly in the context of specific diseases. In this perspective review, we shift the attention away from a disease-centered view of the glycocalyx, focusing on changes in glycocalyx state. Furthermore, we survey important glycocalyx-targeted drugs currently available and finally discuss future steps. We hope that this approach will inspire a unified, holistic view of the glycocalyx in disease, helping to stimulate novel glycocalyx-targeted therapy strategies.

人体的所有细胞都被一个复杂的糖网所覆盖,这些糖以及与这些糖相连的蛋白质和脂质,统称为糖萼。在过去的几十年里,糖萼参与了一系列健康和疾病的重要细胞过程。因此,它作为一种治疗靶点引起了相当大的兴趣。考虑到它的无所不在和它与细胞生物学各个领域的相关性,糖萼应该是一个多功能的治疗干预平台,然而,糖萼作为治疗靶点的全部潜力尚未展开。这可能是由于糖萼改变目前主要在特定疾病的背景下讨论的事实。在本综述中,我们将注意力从以疾病为中心的糖萼转移到糖萼状态的变化上。此外,我们调查了目前可用的重要糖萼靶向药物,最后讨论了未来的步骤。我们希望这种方法将激发对疾病中糖萼的统一,整体的看法,有助于刺激新的糖萼靶向治疗策略。
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引用次数: 1
The elusive Nav1.7: From pain to cancer. 难以捉摸的Nav1.7:从疼痛到癌症。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.09.003
Umberto Banderali, Maria Moreno, Marzia Martina

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are protein complexes that play fundamental roles in the transmission of signals in the nervous system, at the neuromuscular junction and in the heart. They are mainly present in excitable cells where they are responsible for triggering action potentials. Dysfunctions in Nav ion conduction give rise to a wide range of conditions, including neurological disorders, hypertension, arrhythmia, pain and cancer. Nav family 1 is composed of nine members, named numerically from 1 to 9. A Nax family also exists and is involved in body-fluid homeostasis. Of particular interest is Nav1.7 which is highly expressed in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglions, where it is involved in the propagation of pain sensation. Gain-of-function mutations in Nav1.7 cause pathologies associated with increased pain sensitivity, while loss-of-function mutations cause reduced sensitivity to pain. The last decade has seen considerable effort in developing highly specific Nav1.7 blockers as pain medications, nonetheless, sufficient efficacy has yet to be achieved. Evidence is now conclusively showing that Navs are also present in many types of cancer cells, where they are involved in cell migration and invasiveness. Nav1.7 is anomalously expressed in endometrial, ovarian and lung cancers. Nav1.7 is also involved in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). We propose that the knowledge and tools developed to study the role of Nav1.7 in pain can be exploited to develop novel cancer therapies. In this chapter, we illustrate the various aspects of Nav1.7 function in pain, cancer and CIPN, and outline therapeutic approaches.

电压门控钠通道(Nav)是一种蛋白质复合物,在神经系统、神经肌肉连接处和心脏的信号传递中起着重要作用。它们主要存在于可兴奋细胞中,负责触发动作电位。神经传导功能障碍可引起多种疾病,包括神经系统疾病、高血压、心律失常、疼痛和癌症。Nav族1由9个成员组成,以数字从1到9命名。Nax家族也存在并参与体液稳态。特别令人感兴趣的是Nav1.7,它在背根神经节的感觉神经元中高度表达,在那里它参与疼痛感觉的传播。Nav1.7的功能获得突变导致与疼痛敏感性增加相关的病理,而功能丧失突变导致对疼痛敏感性降低。在过去的十年中,人们在开发高度特异性的Nav1.7阻滞剂作为止痛药方面付出了相当大的努力,然而,还没有取得足够的疗效。现在有确凿的证据表明,nav也存在于许多类型的癌细胞中,参与细胞迁移和侵袭。Nav1.7在子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和肺癌中异常表达。Nav1.7也参与化疗诱导的周围神经病变(CIPN)。我们建议,研究Nav1.7在疼痛中的作用的知识和工具可以用于开发新的癌症治疗方法。在本章中,我们阐述了Nav1.7在疼痛、癌症和CIPN中的各个方面的功能,并概述了治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the condylar volume and skeletal relapse following orthognathic surgery in patients with dentofacial deformity: A retrospective study. 颌面部畸形患者正颌手术后髁突体积的变化和骨骼复发:一项回顾性研究。
IF 1.6 4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2070333
Namiaki Takahara, Nobuyoshi Tomomatsu, Atsushi Kimura, Machiko Kosugi, Yasuhiro Kurasawa, Kei-Ichi Morita, Tetsuya Yoda

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the changes in condylar volume and maxillofacial skeletal morphology according to sex as well as the relationship between condylar volume reduction and skeletal relapse in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery.

Methods: Ninety-five patients were categorized into skeletal Class III, Class II, and facial asymmetry groups. Computed tomography scans taken preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively were used for quantitative measurement.

Results: Postoperative condylar volume was reduced in both the Class II group and the deviated side of the asymmetry group. Both female and Class II deformity were significant predictors of postoperative reduction in the condylar volume. There was a significant correlation between skeletal relapse and postoperative change in condylar volume in the Class II group.

Conclusion: Postoperative condylar resorption may be associated with preoperative maxillofacial skeletal morphology and sex and also with skeletal relapse in the Class II group.

目的评估接受正颌手术的患者髁突体积变化与颌面部骨骼形态之间的性别关系,以及髁突体积缩小与骨骼复发之间的关系:将 95 名患者分为骨骼 III 级、II 级和面部不对称组。采用术前和术后一年的计算机断层扫描进行定量测量:结果:Ⅱ类组和不对称组偏斜侧的术后髁突体积均有所减少。女性和 II 类畸形都是术后髁突体积缩小的重要预测因素。在II度畸形组中,骨骼复发与术后髁突体积变化之间存在明显的相关性:结论:术后髁突吸收可能与术前颌面部骨骼形态和性别有关,也与II类组的骨骼复发有关。
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引用次数: 0
Evolving concepts of TRPV4 in controlling flow-sensitivity of the renal nephron. TRPV4在控制肾单位血流敏感性中的概念演变。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.06.001
Kyrylo Pyrshev, Anna Stavniichuk, Viktor N Tomilin, Oleg Zaika, Oleh Pochynyuk

Kidneys are central for whole body water and electrolyte balance by first filtering plasma at the glomeruli and then processing the filtrate along the renal nephron until the final urine is produced. Renal nephron epithelial cells mediate transport of water and solutes which is under the control of systemic hormones as well as local mechanical stimuli arising from alterations in fluid flow. TRPV4 is a mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel abundantly expressed in different segments of the renal nephron. The accumulated evidence suggests a critical role for TRPV4 in sensing variations in flow rates. In turn, TRPV4 activation triggers numerous downstream cellular responses stimulated by elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i. In this review, we discuss the recent concepts in flow-mediated regulation of solute homeostasis by TRPV4 in different segments of renal nephron. Specifically, we summarize the evidence for TRPV4 involvement in endocytosis-mediated albumin uptake in the proximal tubule, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the ascending loop of Henle, and maintaining K+ homeostasis in the connecting tubule/collecting duct. Finally, we outline the function and significance of TRPV4 in the setting of polycystic kidney disease.

肾脏是维持全身水分和电解质平衡的中枢,首先在肾小球处过滤血浆,然后沿肾单位处理滤液,直到产生最终的尿液。肾上皮细胞介导水和溶质的运输,这是在全身激素和局部机械刺激的控制下引起的流体流动的改变。TRPV4是一种机械敏感的Ca2+通道,在肾单位的不同节段大量表达。积累的证据表明,TRPV4在感知流量变化方面起着关键作用。反过来,TRPV4激活触发了细胞内Ca2+浓度升高[Ca2+]i刺激的许多下游细胞反应。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了TRPV4在肾不同节段流动介导的溶质稳态调节的最新概念。具体来说,我们总结了TRPV4参与近端小管内吞介导的白蛋白摄取、Henle上升环中活性氧(ROS)的产生以及维持连接小管/收集管中K+稳态的证据。最后,我们概述了TRPV4在多囊肾病中的作用和意义。
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引用次数: 2
Function and regulation of thermosensitive ion channel TRPV4 in the immune system. 热敏离子通道TRPV4在免疫系统中的功能及调控。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.07.002
Tusar Kanta Acharya, Ram Prasad Sahu, Satish Kumar, Shamit Kumar, Tejas Pravin Rokade, Ranabir Chakraborty, Nishant Kumar Dubey, Deep Shikha, Saurabh Chawla, Chandan Goswami

Transient receptor potential vanilloid sub-type 4 (TRPV4) is a six transmembrane protein that acts as a non-selective Ca2+ channel. Notably, TRPV4 is present in almost all animals, from lower eukaryotes to humans and is expressed in diverse tissue and cell types. Accordingly, TRPV4 is endogenously expressed in several types of immune cells that represent both innate and adaptive immune systems of higher organism. TRPV4 is known to be activated by physiological temperature, suggesting that it acts as a molecular temperature sensor and thus plays a key role in temperature-dependent immune activation. It is also activated by diverse endogenous ligands, lipid metabolites, physical and mechanical stimuli. Both expression and function of TRPV4 in various immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, are also modulated by multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds. The results from several laboratories suggest that TRPV4 is involved in the immune activation, a phenomenon with evolutionary significance. Because of its diverse engagement in the neuronal and immune systems, TRPV4 is a potential therapeutic target for several immune-related disorders.

瞬时受体电位香草样蛋白亚型4 (TRPV4)是一种六跨膜蛋白,作为非选择性Ca2+通道。值得注意的是,TRPV4存在于从低等真核生物到人类的几乎所有动物中,并在多种组织和细胞类型中表达。因此,TRPV4在几种类型的免疫细胞中内源性表达,这些免疫细胞代表了高等生物的先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统。已知TRPV4可被生理温度激活,这表明它作为分子温度传感器,在温度依赖性免疫激活中起关键作用。它也被多种内源性配体、脂质代谢物、物理和机械刺激激活。TRPV4在包括T细胞和巨噬细胞在内的多种免疫细胞中的表达和功能也受到多种促炎和抗炎化合物的调节。几个实验室的结果表明,TRPV4参与了免疫激活,这是一种具有进化意义的现象。由于其在神经元和免疫系统中的多种作用,TRPV4是几种免疫相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 2
Cardiac TRPV4 channels. 心脏TRPV4通道。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.06.004
Vivian C Onyali, Timothy L Domeier

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is expressed in numerous cell types within the heart, yet the expression levels, subcellular localization, and functional relevance of TRPV4 in cardiac myocytes is under-appreciated. Recent data indicate a critical role of TRPV4 in both atrial and ventricular myocyte biology, with expression levels and channel function increasing following pathological scenarios including ischemia, myocardial infarction, mechanical stress, and inflammation. Excessive activation of TRPV4 at the cellular level contributes to enhanced Ca2+ entry which predisposes the cardiac myocyte to pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ overload and electrophysiological abnormalities. At the organ level, excessive TRPV4 activity associates with cardiac hypercontractility, cardiac damage, ventricular arrhythmia, and atrial fibrillation. This manuscript chapter describes the emerging literature on TRPV4 in cardiac myocytes in physiology and disease.

瞬时受体电位香草样蛋白4 (TRPV4)在心脏内的许多细胞类型中表达,但TRPV4在心肌细胞中的表达水平、亚细胞定位和功能相关性尚不清楚。最近的数据表明,TRPV4在心房和心室肌细胞生物学中都起着关键作用,在缺血、心肌梗死、机械应力和炎症等病理情况下,TRPV4的表达水平和通道功能增加。在细胞水平上,TRPV4的过度激活有助于增强Ca2+进入,这使心肌细胞易发生促心律失常的Ca2+过载和电生理异常。在器官水平上,TRPV4活性过高与心脏过度收缩、心脏损伤、室性心律失常和房颤有关。这一手稿章节描述了在生理学和疾病中心肌细胞TRPV4的新兴文献。
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引用次数: 1
Specificity of Ca2+-activated K+ channel modulation in atherosclerosis and aerobic exercise training. Ca2+激活的K+通道调节在动脉粥样硬化和有氧运动训练中的特异性。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.005
Eric A Mokelke, Mouhamad Alloosh, Michael Sturek

Vascular smooth muscle cells express several isoforms of a number of classes of K+ channels. Potassium channels play critical roles in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction as well as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation or phenotypic modulation. There is ample evidence that it is Ca2+ that enables these two seemingly disparate functions to be tightly coupled both in healthy and disease processes. Because of the central position that potassium channels have in vasocontraction, vasorelaxation, membrane potential, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, these channels continue to possess the potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. While there are questions that remain regarding the complete interactions between K+ channels, vascular regulation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and phenotypic modulation in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, a broad understanding of the contributions of each class of K+ channel to contractile and proliferative states of the vasculature has been reached. This brief review will discuss the current understanding of the role of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells in health and disease using the porcine vascular smooth muscle cell model with particular attention to new scientific discoveries contributed by the authors regarding the effect of endurance exercise on the function of the K+ channels.

血管平滑肌细胞表达多种类型的K+通道。钾通道在调节血管平滑肌收缩和血管平滑肌细胞增殖或表型调节中起着重要作用。有充分的证据表明,Ca2+使这两种看似不同的功能在健康和疾病过程中紧密耦合。由于钾通道在血管收缩、血管舒张、膜电位和平滑肌细胞增殖中具有中心地位,这些通道继续具有作为心血管疾病新治疗靶点的潜力。虽然在生理和病理生理条件下,关于K+通道、血管调节、平滑肌细胞增殖和表型调节之间的完整相互作用仍然存在疑问,但对每一类K+通道对脉管系统收缩和增殖状态的贡献已经有了广泛的了解。本文将利用猪血管平滑肌细胞模型,讨论目前对血管平滑肌细胞中K+通道在健康和疾病中的作用的理解,并特别关注作者关于耐力运动对K+通道功能影响的新科学发现。
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引用次数: 0
Multiphasic changes in smooth muscle Ca2+ transporters during the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. 冠状动脉粥样硬化过程中平滑肌Ca2+转运蛋白的多相变化。
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.007
Jill Badin, Stacey Rodenbeck, Mikaela L McKenney-Drake, Michael Sturek

Ischemic heart disease due to macrovascular atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction is the major cause of death worldwide and the unabated increase in metabolic syndrome is a major reason why this will continue. Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulates a variety of cellular functions including contraction, proliferation, migration, and transcription. It follows that studies of vascular Ca2+ regulation in reductionist models and translational animal models are vital to understanding vascular health and disease. Swine with metabolic syndrome (MetS) develop the full range of coronary atherosclerosis from mild to severe disease. Intravascular imaging enables quantitative measurement of atherosclerosis in vivo, so viable coronary smooth muscle (CSM) cells can be dispersed from the arteries to enable Ca2+ transport studies in native cells. Transition of CSM from the contractile phenotype in the healthy swine to the proliferative phenotype in mild atherosclerosis was associated with increases in SERCA activity, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel function. In vitro organ culture confirmed that SERCA activation induces CSM proliferation. Transition from the proliferative to a more osteogenic phenotype was associated with decreases in all three Ca2+ transporters. Overall, there was a biphasic change in Ca2+ transporters over the progression of atherosclerosis in the swine model and this was confirmed in CSM from failing explanted hearts of humans. A major determinant of endolysosome content in human CSM is the severity of atherosclerosis. In swine CSM endolysosome Ca2+ release occurred through the TPC2 channel. We propose a multiphasic change in Ca2+ transporters over the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

由大血管动脉粥样硬化和微血管功能障碍引起的缺血性心脏病是世界范围内死亡的主要原因,代谢综合征的持续增加是这种情况将继续下去的主要原因。胞内游离Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i)调节多种细胞功能,包括收缩、增殖、迁移和转录。因此,在还原论模型和翻译动物模型中研究血管Ca2+调节对于理解血管健康和疾病至关重要。猪代谢综合征(MetS)发展冠状动脉粥样硬化从轻微到严重的疾病。血管内成像可以在体内定量测量动脉粥样硬化,因此可以将活的冠状动脉平滑肌(CSM)细胞从动脉中分散开来,以便在原生细胞中进行Ca2+运输研究。CSM从健康猪的收缩表型向轻度动脉粥样硬化的增殖表型的转变与SERCA活性、肌浆网Ca2+和电压门控Ca2+通道功能的增加有关。体外器官培养证实,SERCA激活可诱导CSM增殖。从增生性到更成骨表型的转变与所有三种Ca2+转运蛋白的减少有关。总的来说,在猪模型中,Ca2+转运蛋白在动脉粥样硬化的进展过程中存在双相变化,这在人类移植心脏失败的CSM中得到了证实。人CSM内溶酶体含量的主要决定因素是动脉粥样硬化的严重程度。猪CSM内溶酶体Ca2+通过TPC2通道释放。我们提出Ca2+转运蛋白在冠状动脉粥样硬化过程中的多相变化。
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引用次数: 0
Preface. 序言
4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1063-5823(22)00036-9
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引用次数: 0
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