Advanced Electronic Materials最新文献

Optically switchable organic field effect transistors (OFETs) offer an additional modality for conventional electronic devices, allowing their electrical output to be switched via a specific optical input. Previously, optically switchable OFETs employing photochromic molecules such as diarylethenes (DAEs) incorporated into the active layer have demonstrated the ability to remotely modulate charge transport via light stimuli. However, these require intense, high-energy UV irradiation and a complex dual-wavelength setup for reversible photoisomerization. An upconverting photonic field effect transistor (UPFET) is introduced that addresses these challenges by integrating multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/DAE blended active layer. These UCNPs convert a single 980 nm NIR source into UV or visible emission, enabling bidirectional photoisomerization of DAE without harmful high-energy UV exposure. Based on spectroscopic and morphological analyses of the P3HT/DAE blend film, 20 wt.% DAE is identified as the composition that preserves molecular mixing and maximizes interaction between P3HT and DAE, yielding up to approximately 40% drain-current modulation. Consequently, the optimized UPFET exhibits stable and reversible drain current modulation with high on/off ratios, solely controlled by NIR light intensity. By combining a power-tunable single NIR source, the UPFET offers a pathway toward low-power optical memory, sensor, and logic circuits with simplified operation.

Honeycomb structures show promising applications across various fields due to their excellent electromagnetic absorption and mechanical capabilities, though challenges remain in broadband performance and design efficiency. This paper introduces frequency selective surfaces (FSS) to effectively modulate the impedance of honeycomb structures and proposes a gradient-driven optimization framework for multilayer honeycomb-FSS composite absorber (MHFCA). We derive the differentiable gradient function for absorption performance and integrate it with the sequential least squares quadratic programming (SLSQP) algorithm to explore multi-dimensional design spaces better. Compared to common metaheuristic algorithms, the proposed framework reaches convergence in only 52.8% of the iteration time required by particle swarm optimization for multilayer coupled structures, while maintaining comparable solution quality. We optimize different FSS patterns for MHFCA structures based on this optimization framework. Results show that the optimized single-layer structure achieves a −10dB absorption bandwidth from 8.2 GHz to 18 GHz, while the optimized three-layer structure extends the effective absorption bandwidth to 3.3–18 GHz (fractional bandwidth is 138.3%) with a total thickness of only 0.11λ_L.

Biomimetic visual perception and processing have gained increasing prominence in advancing vision restoration technologies and developing next-generation human-machine interfaces. As dual fundamental parameters for environmental information capture, light intensity and color perception constitute essential dimensions in visual signal acquisition. While digital encoding remains a conventional approach, the biomimetic frequency coding approach is considered to be an efficient input method for simulating the retina neural architecture in artificial vision systems. Here, we fabricated molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) based ring oscillators for color and intensity resolved image recognition, which exploit wavelength-dependent photoresponsivity (400–700 nm) to implement biomimetic spectral coding. Through MoS₂ oscillators, light signals are transduced into frequency-modulated electrical spikes from 265 Hz to 3.8 kHz, establishing hardware foundations for chromatic opponency processing in neuromorphic visual systems. This orthogonal signal modulation strategy enables cross-talk-free transmission of visual information, effectively decoupling wavelength-dependent chromatic data from intensity-modulated luminance signals. By integrating the obtained oscillatory signals into a convolutional neural network system, we successfully demonstrated the device's applicability in amplifying subtle differences in color and texture features in image recognition and thus realizing high dynamic range encoding and robust feature extraction.

With the rapid advancement of electronic technologies, the effective thermal management in gallium nitride (GaN) -based devices has emerged as a critical challenge, particularly as device dimensions shrink to scales comparable to phonon mean free paths. In this regime, phonon-mediated heat transport is governed by size-dependent phenomena, such as boundary scattering, lattice confinement, and interface mode mismatch, which fundamentally deviate from bulk behaviors. Progress remains hindered by an insufficient understanding of phonon dynamics, resolution limits of characterization, and the inadequate incorporation of these insights into thermal management strategies. This review addresses these gaps by dissecting phonon-dominated thermal transport in dimensionally confined GaN structures and at its heterointerfaces from both theoretical investigations and experimental characterizations. It further highlights the recent progress in in situ vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy for the atomic-scale visualization of phonon modes. Furthermore, the interface engineering between GaN and its adjunction materials is reviewed with strategies to minimize the thermal boundary resistance. Finally, future directions emphasize the integration of multiscale simulations, in situ characterization of multiple interfaces, and machine learning to deepen the fundamental understanding and optimize nano-scale phonon transport for next-generation GaN electronic applications.

Magneto-ionic control of metal oxide/metal films provides a pathway to voltage-tunable magnetoelectronic devices with high energy efficiency. So far, magneto-ionic research mainly focuses on Co-based films, while Fe-Ni alloy films, despite their high industrial relevance, have not been studied systematically. In this work, a combined in situ Kerr microscopy and electrochemical analysis demonstrates magneto-ionic control of coercivity in nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloy films across the whole compositional range. The required voltage is low (∼1 V) and decreases with increasing Ni content, presumably relating to the nobler nature of Ni versus Fe. For Fe-rich alloys, a large voltage-induced change of coercivity and remanence is connected to an oxide-to-metal transformation, reducing domain wall pinning. For intermediate compositions, the magneto-ionic effects are largest. Here, the potential induces a moderate increase, followed by a drastic reversible decrease in coercivity by ∼ −90%. This behavior is attributed to the enhanced electrochemical reactivity of ultrafine grains and the heterogeneous oxide present on mixed bcc/fcc Fe-Ni films. For Ni-rich films, the magneto-ionic effects are small, but voltage-induced magnetic softening is still achieved. The study introduces Fe-Ni films as a promising magneto-ionic material platform and highlights the potential of tailored, defect-rich microstructures for boosting magneto-ionic performance.

The rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies, from 5G to 6G, has necessitated significant improvements in materials used for electronic packaging. Glass-ceramics have long been promising candidates due to their unique combination of low dielectric loss, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties. This review explores the potential compositional systems of glass-ceramics in electronic packaging substrates, emphasizing their performance in high-frequency applications. An analysis of their fabrication techniques and material properties is discussed. Comparisons with traditional polymer and ceramic substrates highlight the advantages of glass-ceramics, including enhanced signal integrity and thermal management. Challenges in processing and material optimization, as well as emerging trends such as glass-polymer composites and advanced manufacturing techniques, are discussed. This review provides a forward-looking perspective on the role of glass-ceramics in enabling the next generation of electronic devices.

Wave-based platforms for unconventional computing require a controlled yet adjustable flow of wave information, integrated with non-volatile data storage. Spin waves are ideal for such platforms due to their inherent nonreciprocal properties and direct interaction with magnetic storage. This study demonstrates how spin-wave nonreciprocity, induced by dipolar interactions in nanowaveguides with antiparallel out-of-plane magnetization, enables the realization of a spin-wave circulator for unidirectional signal transport and advanced routing. The device's functionality can be continuously reconfigured using a magnetic domain wall with adjustable position, offering non-volatile control over output and nonreciprocity. These features are illustrated using a spin-wave directional coupler, validated through micromagnetic simulations and analytical models, which also support the functions of a waveguide crossing, tunable power splitter, and frequency multiplexer. The proposed domain-wall-based reconfiguration, combined with nonlinear spin-wave behavior, holds promise for developing a nanoscale, nonlinear wave computing platform with self-learning capabilities.

Based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we report a magnetization-orientation-controlled topological phase transition and anomalous transport effects in hexagonal MnSb. Owing to its remarkably low magnetic anisotropy energy (0.465 meV), the magnetization direction in MnSb can be readily manipulated by external perturbations. Without spin-orbit coupling (SOC), a symmetry-protected Dirac point (DP) lies 9 meV below the Fermi level. Upon inclusion of SOC, this DP undergoes an evolution as a function of magnetization orientation: it opens a gap at θ = 0° (magnetization along the a-axis) due to the symmetry breaking, and transforms into four Weyl points at θ = 90° (magnetization along the c-axis). These topological transitions are accompanied by significant Berry curvature reconstruction, which profoundly influences the anomalous transport responses. Specifically, the anomalous Hall conductivity increases monotonically from –100.64 Ω⁻¹cm⁻¹ at θ = 0° to a maximum of –754.72 Ω⁻¹cm⁻¹ at θ = 90°, whereas the anomalous Nernst coefficient undergoes a sign reversal, changing from +0.50 Am⁻¹K⁻¹ to –0.09 Am⁻¹K⁻¹ as the magnetization rotates. Our work establishes a design principle for engineering magnetic topological materials, with MnSb serving as a representative example to explore the interplay between magnetic order and topology-driven transport phenomena. These findings bridge magnetism, topology, and transport physics, opening a pathway toward novel spintronic devices through tunable magnetization direction.