Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.1
Arry Bainus, Junita Budi Rachman
Banyak peristiwa internasional pada saat perang atau damai, yang menjadi hirauan studi Hubungan Internasional (HI), tak lepas dari dimensi psikologis di dalamnya sepanjang manusia terlibat dan terdampak baik sebagai subjek maupun objek dan secara individu, kolektif maupun yang diinstitusionalkan sebagai negara. Psikologi, seperti HI, secara inheren tertarik pada hubungan manusia. Perbedaan antara Psikologi dan HI adalah fokus analisisnya. HI secara tradisional berfokus terutama pada negara, sedangkan Psikologi secara tradisional berfokus pada individu. Namun, garis di antara keduanya tidak ditarik secara ketat, yang membuka ruang untuk fertilisasi silang dan inspirasi timbal balik.
{"title":"Psikologi dalam Hubungan Internasional : Dari Idiografi ke Neurobiologi","authors":"Arry Bainus, Junita Budi Rachman","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Banyak peristiwa internasional pada saat perang atau damai, yang menjadi hirauan studi Hubungan Internasional (HI), tak lepas dari dimensi psikologis di dalamnya sepanjang manusia terlibat dan terdampak baik sebagai subjek maupun objek dan secara individu, kolektif maupun yang diinstitusionalkan sebagai negara. Psikologi, seperti HI, secara inheren tertarik pada hubungan manusia. Perbedaan antara Psikologi dan HI adalah fokus analisisnya. HI secara tradisional berfokus terutama pada negara, sedangkan Psikologi secara tradisional berfokus pada individu. Namun, garis di antara keduanya tidak ditarik secara ketat, yang membuka ruang untuk fertilisasi silang dan inspirasi timbal balik.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129978105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.5
Andini Luthfiayu Intaningrum, Witri Elvianti
This study explains Uyghurs human rights violation in Xinjiang, where Saudi Arabia as world Islamic country has responded in passive way by not doing bold actions to defend the fellow Uyghurs muslims. In the meantime, the relationship between Saudi Arabia and China have become stronger as these countries become dependent towards each other, specifically with its economic cooperation especially under Belt and Road Initiatives. With the qualitative method, there is a high possibility that China utilizes passive response from Saudi Arabia as Saudi Arabia signed a joint-statement to appreciate China�s action on the issue against Uyghurs Muslims. This will lead to the Saudi Arabia�s economic interests as the reason behind its passive action in facing the human rights issue in Xinjiang as as Saudi Arabia is trying to maintain its normality with China for the sake of its bilateral relationship.
{"title":"Economic Interests of Saudi Arabia in Response to Uyghurs Human Rights Violation in XinJiang (2017-2019)","authors":"Andini Luthfiayu Intaningrum, Witri Elvianti","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study explains Uyghurs human rights violation in Xinjiang, where Saudi Arabia as world Islamic country has responded in passive way by not doing bold actions to defend the fellow Uyghurs muslims. In the meantime, the relationship between Saudi Arabia and China have become stronger as these countries become dependent towards each other, specifically with its economic cooperation especially under Belt and Road Initiatives. With the qualitative method, there is a high possibility that China utilizes passive response from Saudi Arabia as Saudi Arabia signed a joint-statement to appreciate China�s action on the issue against Uyghurs Muslims. This will lead to the Saudi Arabia�s economic interests as the reason behind its passive action in facing the human rights issue in Xinjiang as as Saudi Arabia is trying to maintain its normality with China for the sake of its bilateral relationship.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126539097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.6
Nurfitri Nugrahaningsih, Widha Anistya Suwarso
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi diplomasi budaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Singkawang saat pandemi Covid-19. Kota Singkawang memiliki festival Cap Go Meh yang diselenggarakan setiap tahunnya yang berhasil menarik perhatian wisatawan domestik serta mancanegara. Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda seluruh dunia sejak akhir tahun 2019 turut membawa dampak termasuk jumlah kunjungan wisatawan ketika penyelenggaraan festival internasional, yang dalam hal ini adalah Cap Go Meh di Kota Singkawang Kalimantan Barat tahun 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis eksploratif serta mengacu pada konsep tujuan diplomasi budaya dan diplomasi digital. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasannya terdapat karakteristik atau model diplomasi budaya di masa pandemi: (1) Adanya kerja sama dan komitmen pemerintah serta aktor non-pemerintah untuk mendukung dan mempromosikan diplomasi budaya, (2) Adanya penerapan platform digital atau e-diplomacy, dan (3) Adanya regulasi yang tegas terkait pandemi Covid-19; namun tetap memberikan akses atau ruang untuk kelancaran diplomasi budaya. Kata Kunci: Cap Go Meh, Covid-19, diplomasi budaya, diplomasi digital
{"title":"Model Strategi Diplomasi Budaya di Masa Covid-19 : Studi Kasus Festival Cap Go Meh di Kota Singkawang","authors":"Nurfitri Nugrahaningsih, Widha Anistya Suwarso","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi diplomasi budaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Singkawang saat pandemi Covid-19. Kota Singkawang memiliki festival Cap Go Meh yang diselenggarakan setiap tahunnya yang berhasil menarik perhatian wisatawan domestik serta mancanegara. Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda seluruh dunia sejak akhir tahun 2019 turut membawa dampak termasuk jumlah kunjungan wisatawan ketika penyelenggaraan festival internasional, yang dalam hal ini adalah Cap Go Meh di Kota Singkawang Kalimantan Barat tahun 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis eksploratif serta mengacu pada konsep tujuan diplomasi budaya dan diplomasi digital. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasannya terdapat karakteristik atau model diplomasi budaya di masa pandemi: (1) Adanya kerja sama dan komitmen pemerintah serta aktor non-pemerintah untuk mendukung dan mempromosikan diplomasi budaya, (2) Adanya penerapan platform digital atau e-diplomacy, dan (3) Adanya regulasi yang tegas terkait pandemi Covid-19; namun tetap memberikan akses atau ruang untuk kelancaran diplomasi budaya. \u0000 \u0000Kata Kunci: Cap Go Meh, Covid-19, diplomasi budaya, diplomasi digital","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126303666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.3
Sugito Sugito
The wave of migration that hit the European Union since 2015 had a political and security impact on both EU institutions and its member states. The policy of sharing responsibility or immigrant quotas did not get agreement from the Visegrad countries. Several previous studies that used a constructivist approach explained that the rejection occurred due to the securitization of immigrants in each country. This article seeks to understand the resistance of the Visegrad states from a critical perspective by using the concept of politicization of security. The research method used is qualitative with an analysis of existing data in online news media, European Union documents, and scientific journals. The article found that the politicization of security toward immigrants in each Visegrad country happened on public discourse and political campaigns by government elites and political parties. The purpose of this security politicization was to perpetuate power relations.
{"title":"EROPANISASI KEBIJAKAN IMIGRASI DAN POLITISASI KEAMANAN IMIGRAN DI NEGARA-NEGARA VISEGRAD","authors":"Sugito Sugito","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The wave of migration that hit the European Union since 2015 had a political and security impact on both EU institutions and its member states. The policy of sharing responsibility or immigrant quotas did not get agreement from the Visegrad countries. Several previous studies that used a constructivist approach explained that the rejection occurred due to the securitization of immigrants in each country. This article seeks to understand the resistance of the Visegrad states from a critical perspective by using the concept of politicization of security. The research method used is qualitative with an analysis of existing data in online news media, European Union documents, and scientific journals. The article found that the politicization of security toward immigrants in each Visegrad country happened on public discourse and political campaigns by government elites and political parties. The purpose of this security politicization was to perpetuate power relations.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125057933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v5n1.4
Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi Astuti, Laode Muhamad Fathun
Penelitian ini menjawab bagaimana strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di dalam forum ekonomi global G20. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi kepustakaan serta konsep diplomasi ekonomi untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi diplomasi Indonesia yang diimplementasikan melalui rencana strategis nasional dalam forum G20 membentuk pola diplomasi ekonomi menyangkut perdagangan, komersial dan finansial. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan akan karakter diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di forum G20 sebagai negara yang berada dalam kluster evolving. Manajemen ekonomi eksternal dan kebijakan melalui koordinasi antar kementerian; promosi perdagangan yang merupakan integrasi dari upaya politik dan ekonomi; promosi investasi secara aktif oleh Kemlu, khususnya melalui duta besar dan BKPM. Peran dan diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia ini merupakan komitmen untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi nasional, regional dan internasional sebagai bentuk kepentingan nasional dan kepentingan internasional.
{"title":"Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia di dalam Rezim Ekonomi G20 pada Masa Pemerintahan Joko Widodo","authors":"Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi Astuti, Laode Muhamad Fathun","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v5n1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v5n1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini menjawab bagaimana strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di dalam forum ekonomi global G20. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi kepustakaan serta konsep diplomasi ekonomi untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi diplomasi Indonesia yang diimplementasikan melalui rencana strategis nasional dalam forum G20 membentuk pola diplomasi ekonomi menyangkut perdagangan, komersial dan finansial. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan akan karakter diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di forum G20 sebagai negara yang berada dalam kluster evolving. Manajemen ekonomi eksternal dan kebijakan melalui koordinasi antar kementerian; promosi perdagangan yang merupakan integrasi dari upaya politik dan ekonomi; promosi investasi secara aktif oleh Kemlu, khususnya melalui duta besar dan BKPM. Peran dan diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia ini merupakan komitmen untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi nasional, regional dan internasional sebagai bentuk kepentingan nasional dan kepentingan internasional.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127622185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.2
Kemas Muhammad Zulfikar
This study sought to explain the reasons the United States (US) makes the Ebola virus became pandemic in West Africa as a priority of US national security. This research is shows that the US lowered its troops to 3,000 troops to Liberia. In addition, countries in the West African region in particular Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as countries affected by the Ebola geopolitically located in the Sahel region highly vulnerable to conflict likely to be used by terrorist groups. Through linkages framework of national security and foreign policy, this study will explain the reasons behind the US decision in making the Ebola virus as a national security priority. By using literature and data analysis, this research concluded that the US has Ebola as a national security priority for the United States wants to prevent the use of Ebola virus for bioterrorism events. This is confirmed by the adoption of the US strategy of selective engagement through the use of the countries in West Africa as an instrument for anticipating such bioterrorism.
{"title":"Ebola Virus in West Africa as National Security Threat to the United States of America","authors":"Kemas Muhammad Zulfikar","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to explain the reasons the United States (US) makes the Ebola virus became pandemic in West Africa as a priority of US national security. This research is shows that the US lowered its troops to 3,000 troops to Liberia. In addition, countries in the West African region in particular Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as countries affected by the Ebola geopolitically located in the Sahel region highly vulnerable to conflict likely to be used by terrorist groups. Through linkages framework of national security and foreign policy, this study will explain the reasons behind the US decision in making the Ebola virus as a national security priority. By using literature and data analysis, this research concluded that the US has Ebola as a national security priority for the United States wants to prevent the use of Ebola virus for bioterrorism events. This is confirmed by the adoption of the US strategy of selective engagement through the use of the countries in West Africa as an instrument for anticipating such bioterrorism.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126439317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.3
K. Ibrahim, D. Sari, R. Handoyo
This study used normalized revealed sectoral comparative advantage, import demand share, growth identification and facilitation framework to identify market opportunities for Nigeria in the Chinese markets over the period 1988-2017. Our findings revealed that Nigeria has a steady and long-term comparative advantage in few commodities and there is limited scope for Nigeria to improve on its balance of trade due to limited export potentials. Furthermore, sixteen market opportunities were identified, out of which fourteen are stable and growing markets. Our findings also revealed that these market opportunities can't all be meet by Nigeria, as these commodities were not exportable due to poor competitive position and highly capital-intensive nature of the commodities. These findings are not only relevant to academics but also for policy making.
{"title":"Nigeria-China Bilateral Trade Relations: Is There Market Opportunities in China?","authors":"K. Ibrahim, D. Sari, R. Handoyo","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study used normalized revealed sectoral comparative advantage, import demand share, growth identification and facilitation framework to identify market opportunities for Nigeria in the Chinese markets over the period 1988-2017. Our findings revealed that Nigeria has a steady and long-term comparative advantage in few commodities and there is limited scope for Nigeria to improve on its balance of trade due to limited export potentials. Furthermore, sixteen market opportunities were identified, out of which fourteen are stable and growing markets. Our findings also revealed that these market opportunities can't all be meet by Nigeria, as these commodities were not exportable due to poor competitive position and highly capital-intensive nature of the commodities. These findings are not only relevant to academics but also for policy making.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.6
Anis Sujudi
Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisa hibridisasi heavy metal dan Islam melalui band-band metal Islam yang lahir di Jakarta, Bandung dan beberapa tempat lainnya di Indonesia, yang telah mengubah skena metal di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif dan kerangka konsep hibridisasi dan kosmopolitanisme. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukan, kelahiran metal Islam terjadi, sebab rendahnya tendesi atau gesekan antara pemerintah dan Islam dengan metal. Kehadiran metal Islam dalam skena metal mengubah pola komunitas, kebiasaan dan identitas dalam skena metal dengan menerapkan nilai berdasarkan Islam. Keberadan metal Islam sebagai sub genre baru menimbulkan pro dan kontra dari kalangan Islam dan skena metal pada awalnya, karena dianggap menimbulkan fenomena eksklusifitas dalam inklusifitas di metal.
{"title":"Hibridisasi Heavy Metal dan Islam: Tranformasi Band Metal Sebagai Lahirnya Metal Islam di Indonesia","authors":"Anis Sujudi","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisa hibridisasi heavy metal dan Islam melalui band-band metal Islam yang lahir di Jakarta, Bandung dan beberapa tempat lainnya di Indonesia, yang telah mengubah skena metal di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif dan kerangka konsep hibridisasi dan kosmopolitanisme. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukan, kelahiran metal Islam terjadi, sebab rendahnya tendesi atau gesekan antara pemerintah dan Islam dengan metal. Kehadiran metal Islam dalam skena metal mengubah pola komunitas, kebiasaan dan identitas dalam skena metal dengan menerapkan nilai berdasarkan Islam. Keberadan metal Islam sebagai sub genre baru menimbulkan pro dan kontra dari kalangan Islam dan skena metal pada awalnya, karena dianggap menimbulkan fenomena eksklusifitas dalam inklusifitas di metal.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133551654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.4
Agus Haryanto, A. Darmawan
This paper attempts to elaborate on the impact of the Single Draft of CoC in resolving the South China Sea (SCS) dispute. This paper uses the concept of International Dispute Settlement Procedures (IDSPs), where the parties try to resolve problems based on international law. This paper argues that countries in the region have been trying to have CoC mechanisms since the 1990s. Although in 2018, the ASEAN countries and China agreed on a Single Draft of CoC in the SCS, however the settlement of the SCS dispute is far from over. The CoC Single Draft is only a collection of ASEAN and China proposals. The Single Draft weaknesses in terms of legal status are they do not clearly state the obligations of each country to add or withdraw their respective proposals.
{"title":"Does the Single Draft of COC in the South China Sea Matters?","authors":"Agus Haryanto, A. Darmawan","doi":"10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to elaborate on the impact of the Single Draft of CoC in resolving the South China Sea (SCS) dispute. This paper uses the concept of International Dispute Settlement Procedures (IDSPs), where the parties try to resolve problems based on international law. This paper argues that countries in the region have been trying to have CoC mechanisms since the 1990s. Although in 2018, the ASEAN countries and China agreed on a Single Draft of CoC in the SCS, however the settlement of the SCS dispute is far from over. The CoC Single Draft is only a collection of ASEAN and China proposals. The Single Draft weaknesses in terms of legal status are they do not clearly state the obligations of each country to add or withdraw their respective proposals. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.24198/INTERMESTIC.V4N1.5
E. Prakoso, Makmur Keliat, F. B. L. Tobing
After global financial crisis 2008, the position of the US dollar began to be debated and led to the narrative of the internationalization of renminbi. This literature review discusses how the literatures has evolved regarding internationalization of renminbi. Based on the taxonomy method, this literature review finds three major themes: China’s interest, implementation process, and external reactions. Based on those three themes, this literature review argues that internationalization of renminbi occurs because the character of international relations tends to be competitive due to power relations. This condition triggered the adjustment of Chinese interests according to Chinese characteristics using offshore renminbi centers. Besides using the supply-side approach as the dominant approach, this literature review identifies an increase in discussion after 2009 and also finds approach and empirical gap that use demand-side approach of international actors. This paper contributes to the study of international political economy related to state and market logic.
{"title":"The Internationalization of Renminbi","authors":"E. Prakoso, Makmur Keliat, F. B. L. Tobing","doi":"10.24198/INTERMESTIC.V4N1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/INTERMESTIC.V4N1.5","url":null,"abstract":"After global financial crisis 2008, the position of the US dollar began to be debated and led to the narrative of the internationalization of renminbi. This literature review discusses how the literatures has evolved regarding internationalization of renminbi. Based on the taxonomy method, this literature review finds three major themes: China’s interest, implementation process, and external reactions. Based on those three themes, this literature review argues that internationalization of renminbi occurs because the character of international relations tends to be competitive due to power relations. This condition triggered the adjustment of Chinese interests according to Chinese characteristics using offshore renminbi centers. Besides using the supply-side approach as the dominant approach, this literature review identifies an increase in discussion after 2009 and also finds approach and empirical gap that use demand-side approach of international actors. This paper contributes to the study of international political economy related to state and market logic.","PeriodicalId":111531,"journal":{"name":"Intermestic: Journal of International Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131288368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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