Pei Zhang, Yifan Yang, Zhaobo Li, Yu Xue, Fucheng Wang, Liangjie Shan, Yafei Wang, Xuetao Shi, Kai Wu, Ji Liu
Neural biointerfacing, enabling direct communication between neural systems and external devices, holds great promises for applications in brain machine interfaces, neural prosthetics, and neuromodulation. However, current neural electronics made of conventional rigid materials are challenged by their inherent mechanical mismatch with the neural tissues. Hydrogel bioelectronics, with mechanical properties compatible with the neural tissues, represent an alternative to these limitations and enable the next-generation neural biointerfacing technology. Here, an overview of cutting-edge research on conducting hydrogels (CHs) bioelectronics for neural biointerfacing development, emphasizing material design principles, manufacturing techniques, essential requirements, and their corresponding application scenarios is presented. Future challenges and potential directions regarding CHs-based neural biointerfacing technologies, including long-term reliability, multimodal hydrogel bioelectronics for closed-loop system and wireless power supply system, are raised. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for further advancement and implementation of next-generation neural biointerfacing technology.
{"title":"Conducting Hydrogel-Based Neural Biointerfacing Technologies","authors":"Pei Zhang, Yifan Yang, Zhaobo Li, Yu Xue, Fucheng Wang, Liangjie Shan, Yafei Wang, Xuetao Shi, Kai Wu, Ji Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422869","url":null,"abstract":"Neural biointerfacing, enabling direct communication between neural systems and external devices, holds great promises for applications in brain machine interfaces, neural prosthetics, and neuromodulation. However, current neural electronics made of conventional rigid materials are challenged by their inherent mechanical mismatch with the neural tissues. Hydrogel bioelectronics, with mechanical properties compatible with the neural tissues, represent an alternative to these limitations and enable the next-generation neural biointerfacing technology. Here, an overview of cutting-edge research on conducting hydrogels (CHs) bioelectronics for neural biointerfacing development, emphasizing material design principles, manufacturing techniques, essential requirements, and their corresponding application scenarios is presented. Future challenges and potential directions regarding CHs-based neural biointerfacing technologies, including long-term reliability, multimodal hydrogel bioelectronics for closed-loop system and wireless power supply system, are raised. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for further advancement and implementation of next-generation neural biointerfacing technology.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thumb actions, outperforming conventional methods such as hand gestures or wrist gestures in terms of dexterity, agility and intuitiveness, have long been sought-after for achieving immersive interactive experiences in robotic control and AR/VR platforms. However, accurate mapping of such dynamic, subtle thumb actions remains a difficult challenging. Here, a wireless, wrist-affixed soft ultra-conformal neuromuscular interface system (UniSyst) is reported to capture high-fidelity surface electromyography crucial for decoding dynamic subtle thumb actions. The UniSyst, which can be easily fabricated at scale and in mass quantities, features a 16-channel soft, stretchable sensing array for broad, high-resolution data capture and a stiff design for plug-and-play interface with external rigid wireless acquisition module. This soft-stiff design ensures consistent electrode-skin contact under substantial skin deformations, thus avoiding undesired motion artifacts commonly observed with rigid alternatives. Facilitated with a lightweight 1D convolution neural network deep learning classifier, this system shows remarkable recognition accuracy over that of traditional forearm placements, fairly compared through concurrently collected signals from the wrist and the forearm of 12 participants. In practical scenarios, the soft UniSyst exhibits rapid, precise thumb-controlled interactive capabilities, adeptly managing human–machine communications in both digital platforms and immersive gaming controls.
{"title":"Wireless, Wrist-Worn Ultraconformal Neuromuscular Interfaces for Thumb-Controlled Immersive Human–Machine Interactions","authors":"Chengjun Wang, Weijie Hong, Yidong Deng, Lingyi Lan, Shun Zhang, Jianfeng Ping, Yibin Ying, Cunjiang Yu, Jikui Luo, Weiqiu Chen, Zuobing Chen, Jizhou Song","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422980","url":null,"abstract":"Thumb actions, outperforming conventional methods such as hand gestures or wrist gestures in terms of dexterity, agility and intuitiveness, have long been sought-after for achieving immersive interactive experiences in robotic control and AR/VR platforms. However, accurate mapping of such dynamic, subtle thumb actions remains a difficult challenging. Here, a wireless, wrist-affixed soft ultra-conformal neuromuscular interface system (UniSyst) is reported to capture high-fidelity surface electromyography crucial for decoding dynamic subtle thumb actions. The UniSyst, which can be easily fabricated at scale and in mass quantities, features a 16-channel soft, stretchable sensing array for broad, high-resolution data capture and a stiff design for plug-and-play interface with external rigid wireless acquisition module. This soft-stiff design ensures consistent electrode-skin contact under substantial skin deformations, thus avoiding undesired motion artifacts commonly observed with rigid alternatives. Facilitated with a lightweight 1D convolution neural network deep learning classifier, this system shows remarkable recognition accuracy over that of traditional forearm placements, fairly compared through concurrently collected signals from the wrist and the forearm of 12 participants. In practical scenarios, the soft UniSyst exhibits rapid, precise thumb-controlled interactive capabilities, adeptly managing human–machine communications in both digital platforms and immersive gaming controls.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chamikara Karunasena, Jonathan R. Thurston, Thomas P. Chaney, Hong Li, Chad Risko, Veaceslav Coropceanu, Michael F. Toney, Jean-Luc Bredas
A systematic study of the polymorphs emerging in P(NDI2OD-T2) (also commercially known as N2200), a prototypical organic semiconducting n-type polymer, is presented. Using a tightly integrated experimental and computational approach, detailed atomistic-level descriptions are provided investigating the three known P(NDI2OD-T2) polymorphs observed at room temperature as a function of thin-film processing. Importantly, over the course of the work, a missing link is uncovered, a fourth polymorph referred to here as Form I-𝜷; this new form is a morphological intermediary observed upon thermal annealing, which evolves from Form I but tends to disappear upon full polymer chain melting. The computationally derived polymorph structures show excellent agreement with experimental X-ray scattering characterization. The relative stabilities of each polymorph are calculated in terms of both the bulk material and the polymorph-air interface. An energy landscape is then constructed to qualitatively compare the thermodynamic versus kinetic origins of each polymorph, and the factors driving (supra)assembly and associated transformations among polymorphs using an approach generalizable to other organic semiconducting polymers. Lastly, the relationships among preferential polymorphic crystallinity, relative chain orientations, and directional charge transport properties in P(NDI2OD-T2) are explored. Overall, this work provides unprecedented insights into complex structure-processing-transport relationships in a representative semiconducting organic polymer.
{"title":"Polymorphs of the n-Type Polymer P(NDI2OD-T2): A Comprehensive Description of the Impact of Processing on Crystalline Morphology and Charge Transport","authors":"Chamikara Karunasena, Jonathan R. Thurston, Thomas P. Chaney, Hong Li, Chad Risko, Veaceslav Coropceanu, Michael F. Toney, Jean-Luc Bredas","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422156","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic study of the polymorphs emerging in P(NDI2OD-T2) (also commercially known as N2200), a prototypical organic semiconducting n-type polymer, is presented. Using a tightly integrated experimental and computational approach, detailed atomistic-level descriptions are provided investigating the three known P(NDI2OD-T2) polymorphs observed at room temperature as a function of thin-film processing. Importantly, over the course of the work, a missing link is uncovered, a fourth polymorph referred to here as <b>Form I-𝜷</b>; this new form is a morphological intermediary observed upon thermal annealing, which evolves from <b>Form I</b> but tends to disappear upon full polymer chain melting. The computationally derived polymorph structures show excellent agreement with experimental X-ray scattering characterization. The relative stabilities of each polymorph are calculated in terms of both the bulk material and the polymorph-air interface. An energy landscape is then constructed to qualitatively compare the thermodynamic versus kinetic origins of each polymorph, and the factors driving (supra)assembly and associated transformations among polymorphs using an approach generalizable to other organic semiconducting polymers. Lastly, the relationships among preferential polymorphic crystallinity, relative chain orientations, and directional charge transport properties in P(NDI2OD-T2) are explored. Overall, this work provides unprecedented insights into complex structure-processing-transport relationships in a representative semiconducting organic polymer.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyue Tian, Hang Zhou, Lu Zhang, Wenjing Xu, Ruifeng Gong, Yuheng Ni, Sang Young Jeong, Xixiang Zhu, Han Young Woo, Xiaoling Ma, Lifang Lu, Fujun Zhang
Layer-by-layer (LbL) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with polymer PM1 as donor and small molecule L8-BO as acceptor by employing sequential spin-coating technology. The small molecule BTP-eC9 and polymer PTAA are deliberately selected for individually incorporating into PM1 layer and L8-BO layer, resulting in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 18.22% to 19.23%. The improvement of performance is attributed to the synergistically increased short circuit current density (JSC) of 27.78 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 78.23%. The introduction of BTP-eC9 into PM1 layer can promote the photogenerated exciton dissociation, especially for the excitons near the anode. Meanwhile, molecular crystallinity of PM1 is also enhanced by incorporating appropriate BTP-eC9 into PM1 layer. The incorporation of PTAA into L8-BO layer can provide hole transport channels to effectively improve the transport of holes generated by the self-dissociation of L8-BO, resulting in the enhanced FFs from 77.40% to 78.23%. The synergistic effects of BTP-eC9 and PTAA incorporation in donor and acceptor layers result in a 19.23% PCE of the optimized LbL-OPVs. This work demonstrates that there is great room to hierarchically optimize donor and acceptor layers for achieving highly efficient LbL-OPVs.
{"title":"Over 19.2% Efficiency of Layer-By-Layer Organic Photovoltaics by Ameliorating Exciton Dissociation and Charge Transport","authors":"Hongyue Tian, Hang Zhou, Lu Zhang, Wenjing Xu, Ruifeng Gong, Yuheng Ni, Sang Young Jeong, Xixiang Zhu, Han Young Woo, Xiaoling Ma, Lifang Lu, Fujun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422867","url":null,"abstract":"Layer-by-layer (LbL) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with polymer PM1 as donor and small molecule L8-BO as acceptor by employing sequential spin-coating technology. The small molecule BTP-eC9 and polymer PTAA are deliberately selected for individually incorporating into PM1 layer and L8-BO layer, resulting in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 18.22% to 19.23%. The improvement of performance is attributed to the synergistically increased short circuit current density (<i>J<sub>SC</sub></i>) of 27.78 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and fill factor (FF) of 78.23%. The introduction of BTP-eC9 into PM1 layer can promote the photogenerated exciton dissociation, especially for the excitons near the anode. Meanwhile, molecular crystallinity of PM1 is also enhanced by incorporating appropriate BTP-eC9 into PM1 layer. The incorporation of PTAA into L8-BO layer can provide hole transport channels to effectively improve the transport of holes generated by the self-dissociation of L8-BO, resulting in the enhanced FFs from 77.40% to 78.23%. The synergistic effects of BTP-eC9 and PTAA incorporation in donor and acceptor layers result in a 19.23% PCE of the optimized LbL-OPVs. This work demonstrates that there is great room to hierarchically optimize donor and acceptor layers for achieving highly efficient LbL-OPVs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Wang, Duoying Chen, Chenxi Wang, Haibing Wei, Yunsheng Ding
The isomerization strategy is employed to enhance the alkaline stability of poly(arylene piperidinium)s (PAP) while maintaining the monomer commerciality and polymer architecture tunability. Isomeric poly(arylene piperidinium) (i-PAP) exhibits improved alkali resistance relative to conventional PAP, as evidenced by ex situ alkaline stability and in situ cell durability tests. Following treatment in 10 m aqueous NaOH at 80 °C for 360 h or operation at 0.4 A cm−2 for 100 h in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) prototype, the decomposition of the piperidinium moieties in i-PAP is ≈50% of that observed in PAP. Moreover, through a copolymerization strategy, the i-PAP-88 membrane, which has suppressed water absorption, reaches a peak power density of 1.44 W cm−2 and demonstrates an in situ durability of 310 h. Furthermore, a noble metal-free (anode) AEM water electrolyzer (AEMWE) achieves a high current density of 6.43 A cm⁻2 at 2.0 V and an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 98.3%. This study highlights a strategy for designing alkali-stable polyelectrolytes that mitigate degradation during the operation of alkaline electrochemical devices.
{"title":"Isomeric Poly(arylene piperidinium) Electrolyte Membranes with High Alkaline Durability","authors":"Tao Wang, Duoying Chen, Chenxi Wang, Haibing Wei, Yunsheng Ding","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422504","url":null,"abstract":"The isomerization strategy is employed to enhance the alkaline stability of poly(arylene piperidinium)s (PAP) while maintaining the monomer commerciality and polymer architecture tunability. Isomeric poly(arylene piperidinium) (<i>i</i>-PAP) exhibits improved alkali resistance relative to conventional PAP, as evidenced by ex situ alkaline stability and in situ cell durability tests. Following treatment in 10 <span>m</span> aqueous NaOH at 80 °C for 360 h or operation at 0.4 A cm<sup>−2</sup> for 100 h in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) prototype, the decomposition of the piperidinium moieties in <i>i</i>-PAP is ≈50% of that observed in PAP. Moreover, through a copolymerization strategy, the <i>i</i>-PAP-88 membrane, which has suppressed water absorption, reaches a peak power density of 1.44 W cm<sup>−2</sup> and demonstrates an in situ durability of 310 h. Furthermore, a noble metal-free (anode) AEM water electrolyzer (AEMWE) achieves a high current density of 6.43 A cm⁻<sup>2</sup> at 2.0 V and an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 98.3%. This study highlights a strategy for designing alkali-stable polyelectrolytes that mitigate degradation during the operation of alkaline electrochemical devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuofeng Li, Fangfang Wang, Chenhuan Wang, Lin Hao, Ningzhao Shang, Pengbo Zhang, Yawen Zhang, Nuo Xiao, Yaai Kang, Jin Liu, Shutao Gao, Chun Wang, Zhi Wang, Qiuhua Wu
Single-atom nanozyme (SAZ) with peroxidase-like activity has attracted great attention in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic, but the use of unstable H2O2 in peroxidase catalytic reactions often leads to low detection accuracy. Thus, developing SAZ with high oxidase (OD)-like activity to construct RNA sensing systems independent of H2O2 is imperative for improving accuracy. Herein, a novel strategy to fabricate boron-nitrogen co-doped zinc SAZ (ZnBNC-SAZ) with excellent OD-like activity by carbonizing Zn based zeolitic boron imidazolate frameworks is reported. The electron deficient B in imidazolate ligand can form Zn─N─B bond in situ during high temperature pyrolysis, which can regulate the electronic structure of Zn and further upshift the d-band center of Zn to improve the OD-like activity. With ZnBNC-SAZ as signal generator, a new method for sensitive RNA detection is developed by combining CRISPR/ cas13 system with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-induced DNA extension reaction. The limits of detection for RNAs are as low as 20 aM. The proposed biosensor is adaptable to a lateral-flow-based readout and is universally applicable for sensing various RNAs by programming the guide RNA. Importantly, the proposed biosensor can monitor the cellular differentiation and identify patients with cervical carcinoma, showing great potential for application in facile POC diagnosis.
{"title":"B Doped Zn Single-Atom Nanozyme With Enhanced Oxidase-Like Activity Combined CRISPR/Cas13a System for RNA Sensing","authors":"Shuofeng Li, Fangfang Wang, Chenhuan Wang, Lin Hao, Ningzhao Shang, Pengbo Zhang, Yawen Zhang, Nuo Xiao, Yaai Kang, Jin Liu, Shutao Gao, Chun Wang, Zhi Wang, Qiuhua Wu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202418523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418523","url":null,"abstract":"Single-atom nanozyme (SAZ) with peroxidase-like activity has attracted great attention in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic, but the use of unstable H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in peroxidase catalytic reactions often leads to low detection accuracy. Thus, developing SAZ with high oxidase (OD)-like activity to construct RNA sensing systems independent of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is imperative for improving accuracy. Herein, a novel strategy to fabricate boron-nitrogen co-doped zinc SAZ (ZnBNC-SAZ) with excellent OD-like activity by carbonizing Zn based zeolitic boron imidazolate frameworks is reported. The electron deficient B in imidazolate ligand can form Zn─N─B bond in situ during high temperature pyrolysis, which can regulate the electronic structure of Zn and further upshift the d-band center of Zn to improve the OD-like activity. With ZnBNC-SAZ as signal generator, a new method for sensitive RNA detection is developed by combining CRISPR/ cas13 system with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-induced DNA extension reaction. The limits of detection for RNAs are as low as 20 aM. The proposed biosensor is adaptable to a lateral-flow-based readout and is universally applicable for sensing various RNAs by programming the guide RNA. Importantly, the proposed biosensor can monitor the cellular differentiation and identify patients with cervical carcinoma, showing great potential for application in facile POC diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hailong Xu, Haoyang Zhan, Zhijian Xu, Chenyang Jing, Qiang Chen, Meng Zhu, Luo Kong, Xiaomeng Fan, Yuchang Qing, Shifeng Wen, Chunhai Wang, Fa Luo
Despite considerable efforts to tune the morphology and composition from the macroscopic level to the nanoscale level of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EWMs), achieving strong and wide-bandwidth absorption under a temperature-variant environment remains extremely difficult due to the temperature-sensitive electromagnetic-absorbing mechanisms that involve dipole polarization and conductive loss. Here, by integrating the highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) networks and the temperature-stable silicon nitride (Si3N4) protective layer, a CNTs/amorphous carbon@Si3N4 (C-CNT-Si3N4) porous foam composed of sandwich-like Si3N4/C-CNT/Si3N4 strut, which exhibits excellent temperature-insensitive electromagnetic-absorbing properties from room temperature to 600 °C, is demonstrated. To be specific, the value of the minimum reflection loss is always lower than −50 dB, and a temperature-insensitive effective absorbing bandwidth covering the whole X band throughout a thickness range of 4.8–6.1 mm is achieved. The superior temperature-insensitive electromagnetic-absorbing property is due to the synergistic effects of irregular polarization loss derived from lattice vacancies and heterogeneous interface, slightly increased conductive loss derived from decreasing carrier mobility, and increasing carrier concentration under a rising temperature environment.
{"title":"Sandwich-Like CNTs/Carbon@Si3N4 Porous Foam for Temperature-Insensitive Electromagnetic Wave Absorption","authors":"Hailong Xu, Haoyang Zhan, Zhijian Xu, Chenyang Jing, Qiang Chen, Meng Zhu, Luo Kong, Xiaomeng Fan, Yuchang Qing, Shifeng Wen, Chunhai Wang, Fa Luo","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421242","url":null,"abstract":"Despite considerable efforts to tune the morphology and composition from the macroscopic level to the nanoscale level of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EWMs), achieving strong and wide-bandwidth absorption under a temperature-variant environment remains extremely difficult due to the temperature-sensitive electromagnetic-absorbing mechanisms that involve dipole polarization and conductive loss. Here, by integrating the highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) networks and the temperature-stable silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) protective layer, a CNTs/amorphous carbon@Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (C-CNT-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) porous foam composed of sandwich-like Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/C-CNT/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> strut, which exhibits excellent temperature-insensitive electromagnetic-absorbing properties from room temperature to 600 °C, is demonstrated. To be specific, the value of the minimum reflection loss is always lower than −50 dB, and a temperature-insensitive effective absorbing bandwidth covering the whole X band throughout a thickness range of 4.8–6.1 mm is achieved. The superior temperature-insensitive electromagnetic-absorbing property is due to the synergistic effects of irregular polarization loss derived from lattice vacancies and heterogeneous interface, slightly increased conductive loss derived from decreasing carrier mobility, and increasing carrier concentration under a rising temperature environment.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"35 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Yang, Wei-Jie Wang, Jun-Zhe Zhu, Li Ma, Damiano Pasini, Wei Zhai
Stimuli-responsive materials are able to alter their physicochemical properties, e.g., shape, color, or stiffness, upon exposure to an external trigger, e.g., heat, light, or humidity, exhibiting environmental adaptability. Their capacity to undergo shape reconfiguration, pattern transformation, and property modulation enables multifunctionality. In this work, two strategies are harnessed, i.e., prestressed assembly and temperature-dependent stiffness reversal, to introduce a class of temperature-responsive metamaterials capable of undergoing topological transformations, endowing them with smart functionality. Through a combination of mechanics theory, numerical simulations, and thermomechanical experiments, the physical mechanisms underlying the temperature-triggered topological transformations leading to pattern switches are first elucidated, and then the insights are leveraged to demonstrate tunable bandgaps and robotic capturers. These findings reveal the attainment of giant negative and positive values of coefficient of thermal expansion, accompanied by isotropic expansion and shrinkage under thermal actuation within a fairly rapid timeframe, below 6 s. The strategy here presented is versatile as it relies on a pair of off-the-shelf 3D printable materials, can be up- and down-scaled, and can also be realized through other physical stimuli, e.g., light and moisture, paving the way for use in multifunctional applications, including stimulus-triggered morphing devices, autonomous sensors and actuators, and reconfigurable soft robots.
{"title":"Temperature-Driven Topological Transformations in Prestressed Cellular Metamaterials","authors":"Hang Yang, Wei-Jie Wang, Jun-Zhe Zhu, Li Ma, Damiano Pasini, Wei Zhai","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202413962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202413962","url":null,"abstract":"Stimuli-responsive materials are able to alter their physicochemical properties, e.g., shape, color, or stiffness, upon exposure to an external trigger, e.g., heat, light, or humidity, exhibiting environmental adaptability. Their capacity to undergo shape reconfiguration, pattern transformation, and property modulation enables multifunctionality. In this work, two strategies are harnessed, i.e., prestressed assembly and temperature-dependent stiffness reversal, to introduce a class of temperature-responsive metamaterials capable of undergoing topological transformations, endowing them with smart functionality. Through a combination of mechanics theory, numerical simulations, and thermomechanical experiments, the physical mechanisms underlying the temperature-triggered topological transformations leading to pattern switches are first elucidated, and then the insights are leveraged to demonstrate tunable bandgaps and robotic capturers. These findings reveal the attainment of giant negative and positive values of coefficient of thermal expansion, accompanied by isotropic expansion and shrinkage under thermal actuation within a fairly rapid timeframe, below 6 s. The strategy here presented is versatile as it relies on a pair of off-the-shelf 3D printable materials, can be up- and down-scaled, and can also be realized through other physical stimuli, e.g., light and moisture, paving the way for use in multifunctional applications, including stimulus-triggered morphing devices, autonomous sensors and actuators, and reconfigurable soft robots.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are highly anticipated as an efficient energy storage solution in addressing contemporary energy challenges. The pursuit of high-performance cathode materials is critical for the commercialization of SIBs. Among the contenders, Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (NFPP) is one of the most promising commercial cathode materials due to its stable structure framework and excellent sodium storage capability. Although the research on NFPP has achieved great progress, especially in the last 10 years, the timely and dedicated summary of the research progress and prospect of this rising star of cathode materials for SIBs has not been reported. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancement and prospect of NFPP as commercial cathode material in SIBs. In this review, the crystal structure and sodium storage mechanism of NFPP are examined first. Then, different proposed preparation methods of NFPP have been elaborated in the following section. After that, the optimization strategies are discussed to enhance the sodium storage performance of NFPP cathode material in detail. At last, the gap between current research and the practical application of NFPP is highlighted, and possible future research directions for the commercialization of NFPP cathode material in SIBs are proposed.
{"title":"Unlocking the Potential: Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) Supporting the Innovation of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Cong Liu, Zhi Zhang, Huanyi Liao, Yumeng Jiang, Yifan Zheng, Zhongxi Li, Yihua Gao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202424759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202424759","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are highly anticipated as an efficient energy storage solution in addressing contemporary energy challenges. The pursuit of high-performance cathode materials is critical for the commercialization of SIBs. Among the contenders, Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) (NFPP) is one of the most promising commercial cathode materials due to its stable structure framework and excellent sodium storage capability. Although the research on NFPP has achieved great progress, especially in the last 10 years, the timely and dedicated summary of the research progress and prospect of this rising star of cathode materials for SIBs has not been reported. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancement and prospect of NFPP as commercial cathode material in SIBs. In this review, the crystal structure and sodium storage mechanism of NFPP are examined first. Then, different proposed preparation methods of NFPP have been elaborated in the following section. After that, the optimization strategies are discussed to enhance the sodium storage performance of NFPP cathode material in detail. At last, the gap between current research and the practical application of NFPP is highlighted, and possible future research directions for the commercialization of NFPP cathode material in SIBs are proposed.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boya Yu, Zekai Xiao, Shuaiqi Shao, Mingda Yang, Houjin Jing, Song Shen, Ziyang Cao, Xianzhu Yang
Macrophages are vital components of the innate immune system, capable of directly engulfing tumor cells. However, tumor cells can cunningly evade recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages. In light of this, an iron-polyphenol-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticle has been developed with efficient siRNA encapsulation (NPsiCD47@Fe-TA) to trigger the ferroptosis in tumor cell and also elicit the macrophage-mediated immunotherapy. The Fe-TA (Tannic acid) shell of NPsiCD47@Fe-TA induces the ferroptosis in tumor cell, which consequently produces oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine 1-steaoryl-2-15-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE-OOH) in the cell membrane and achieve the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT). Meanwhile, the encapsulated siCD47 of NPsiCD47@Fe-TA efficiently down-regulates the CD47 receptor in the tumor cell membrane. The exposure of SAPE-OOH and CRT in the cell membrane and down-regulation of CD47 receptor remarkably promoted the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophage and elicited the systemic anticancer immune response. Eventually, the NPsiCD47@Fe-TA can efficiently suppress the tumor growth. Moreover, after combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody, NPsiCD47@Fe-TA remarkably inhibits tumor progress and metastasis in the cold triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model.
{"title":"An Iron-Polyphenol Decorated siRNA-Encapsulated Nanomedicine Multifacetedly Promoted Macrophage Phagocytosis for Synergistic Ferroptosis-Immunotherapy","authors":"Boya Yu, Zekai Xiao, Shuaiqi Shao, Mingda Yang, Houjin Jing, Song Shen, Ziyang Cao, Xianzhu Yang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202417548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417548","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophages are vital components of the innate immune system, capable of directly engulfing tumor cells. However, tumor cells can cunningly evade recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages. In light of this, an iron-polyphenol-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticle has been developed with efficient siRNA encapsulation (NP<sub>siCD47</sub>@Fe-TA) to trigger the ferroptosis in tumor cell and also elicit the macrophage-mediated immunotherapy. The Fe-TA (Tannic acid) shell of NP<sub>siCD47</sub>@Fe-TA induces the ferroptosis in tumor cell, which consequently produces oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine 1-steaoryl-2-15-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE-OOH) in the cell membrane and achieve the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT). Meanwhile, the encapsulated siCD47 of NP<sub>siCD47</sub>@Fe-TA efficiently down-regulates the CD47 receptor in the tumor cell membrane. The exposure of SAPE-OOH and CRT in the cell membrane and down-regulation of CD47 receptor remarkably promoted the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophage and elicited the systemic anticancer immune response. Eventually, the NP<sub>siCD47</sub>@Fe-TA can efficiently suppress the tumor growth. Moreover, after combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody, NP<sub>siCD47</sub>@Fe-TA remarkably inhibits tumor progress and metastasis in the cold triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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