Tandem perovskite solar cells represent a significant avenue for the future development of perovskite photovoltaics. Despite their promise, wide-bandgap perovskites, essential for constructing efficient tandem structures, have encountered formidable challenges. Notably, the high bromine content (>40%) in these 1.78 eV bandgap perovskites triggers rapid crystallization, complicating the control of grain boundary growth and leading to films with smaller grain sizes and higher defect density than those with narrower bandgaps. To address this, potassium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate molecules are incorporated into the antisolvent, employing a crystallographic orientation-tailored strategy to optimize grain boundary growth, thereby achieving wide-bandgap perovskite films with grains exceeding 2 µm and effectively eliminating surplus lead halide and defects at the grain boundaries. As a result, remarkable efficiency is achieved in single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite devices, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.7%, and in all-perovskite tandem devices, with a two-terminal PCE of 28.3% and a four-terminal PCE of 29.1%, which all rank among the highest reported values in the literature. Moreover, the stability of these devices has been markedly improved. These findings offer a novel perspective for driving further advancements in the perovskite solar cell domain.
{"title":"Grains > 2 µm with Regulating Grain Boundaries for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Perovskite and All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Hongsen Cui, Weiqing Chen, Xiang-Feng Yang, Shun Zhou, Chen Wang, Guoyi Chen, Shengjie Du, Kailian Dong, Shuxin Wang, Hua-Hua Fu, Weizhong Wang, Weijun Ke, Guojia Fang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202502770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202502770","url":null,"abstract":"Tandem perovskite solar cells represent a significant avenue for the future development of perovskite photovoltaics. Despite their promise, wide-bandgap perovskites, essential for constructing efficient tandem structures, have encountered formidable challenges. Notably, the high bromine content (>40%) in these 1.78 eV bandgap perovskites triggers rapid crystallization, complicating the control of grain boundary growth and leading to films with smaller grain sizes and higher defect density than those with narrower bandgaps. To address this, potassium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate molecules are incorporated into the antisolvent, employing a crystallographic orientation-tailored strategy to optimize grain boundary growth, thereby achieving wide-bandgap perovskite films with grains exceeding 2 µm and effectively eliminating surplus lead halide and defects at the grain boundaries. As a result, remarkable efficiency is achieved in single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite devices, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.7%, and in all-perovskite tandem devices, with a two-terminal PCE of 28.3% and a four-terminal PCE of 29.1%, which all rank among the highest reported values in the literature. Moreover, the stability of these devices has been markedly improved. These findings offer a novel perspective for driving further advancements in the perovskite solar cell domain.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Shao, Yu Chai, Yutong Jiang, Xinyi Wu, Wenjie Xie, Jiayi Lu, Xuehui Fu, Yao He, Xiaofeng Zhang, Han Zhang, Zhuang Liu
Dry eye disease (DED), the most prevalent ophthalmological condition worldwide, can cause severe ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. Effective yet safe therapeutics for severe DED are still highly demanded. Herein, considering the important role of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in triggering DED, an eye-drop nano-formulation of catalase (CAT) self-assembled with cysteine-modified chitosan (CS-Cys) is designed for DED treatment. Upon eye-drop administration of CS-Cys/CAT nanoparticles, CS-Cys can form disulfide bonds with abundant thiols in the mucin layer of the tear film, anchoring catalase to the corneal surface. Thus the excess ROS accumulated on the ocular surface can be effectively eliminated, resulting in a regulated tear microenvironment. In mouse and rabbit models, it is verified that CS-Cys/CAT eye drops can offer excellent therapeutic effects, especially in promoting the recovery of damaged epithelium and increasing tear secretion. Remarkably, CS-Cys/CAT eye drops showed notably better therapeutic performance than clinically used cyclosporin and dexamethasone, as well as several new DED drugs in clinical trials. Thus, the work presents a unique nanoparticulate eye-drop-based ocular delivery system to allow prolonged ocular retention of protein therapeutics, and such nanoformulation formulated by fully biocompatible/biodegradable components possesses significant translational potential for effective and safe DED treatment.
{"title":"Eye-Drop Nano-Formulation of Catalase Self-Assembled with Thiolated Chitosan for Effective Treatment of Dry Eye Disease","authors":"Ming Shao, Yu Chai, Yutong Jiang, Xinyi Wu, Wenjie Xie, Jiayi Lu, Xuehui Fu, Yao He, Xiaofeng Zhang, Han Zhang, Zhuang Liu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202415353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415353","url":null,"abstract":"Dry eye disease (DED), the most prevalent ophthalmological condition worldwide, can cause severe ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. Effective yet safe therapeutics for severe DED are still highly demanded. Herein, considering the important role of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in triggering DED, an eye-drop nano-formulation of catalase (CAT) self-assembled with cysteine-modified chitosan (CS-Cys) is designed for DED treatment. Upon eye-drop administration of CS-Cys/CAT nanoparticles, CS-Cys can form disulfide bonds with abundant thiols in the mucin layer of the tear film, anchoring catalase to the corneal surface. Thus the excess ROS accumulated on the ocular surface can be effectively eliminated, resulting in a regulated tear microenvironment. In mouse and rabbit models, it is verified that CS-Cys/CAT eye drops can offer excellent therapeutic effects, especially in promoting the recovery of damaged epithelium and increasing tear secretion. Remarkably, CS-Cys/CAT eye drops showed notably better therapeutic performance than clinically used cyclosporin and dexamethasone, as well as several new DED drugs in clinical trials. Thus, the work presents a unique nanoparticulate eye-drop-based ocular delivery system to allow prolonged ocular retention of protein therapeutics, and such nanoformulation formulated by fully biocompatible/biodegradable components possesses significant translational potential for effective and safe DED treatment.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongmo Kim, Seunghun Lee, Yundon Jeong, Kyunghwan Kim, Kibum Nam, Hyungwon Jin, Yuha Choi, Hyun-Jin Kim, Heungjin Ryu, Ki Hean Kim, Jae-Ick Kim, Jongnam Park, Jinmyoung Joo, Jung-Hoon Park
Nonlinear microscopy provides excellent depth penetration and axial sectioning for 3D imaging, yet widespread adoption is limited by reliance on expensive ultrafast pulsed lasers. This work circumvents such limitations by employing rare-earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), specifically Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals, which exhibit strong multimodal nonlinear optical responses under continuous-wave (CW) excitation. These UCNPs emit multiple wavelengths at UV (λ ≈ 450 nm), blue (λ ≈ 450 nm), and NIR (λ ≈ 800 nm), whose intensities are nonlinearly governed by excitation power. Exploiting these properties, multi-colored nonlinear emissions enable functional imaging of cerebral blood vessels in deep brain. Using a simple optical setup, high resolution in vivo 3D imaging of mouse cerebrovascular networks at depths up to 800 µmm is achieved, surpassing performance of conventional imaging methods using CW lasers. In vivo cerebrovascular flow dynamics is also visualized with wide-field video-rate imaging under low-powered CW excitation. Furthermore, UCNPs enable depth-selective, 3D-localized photo-modulation through turbid media, presenting spatiotemporally targeted light beacons. This innovative approach, leveraging UCNPs' intrinsic nonlinear optical characteristics, significantly advances multimodal nonlinear microscopy with CW lasers, opening new opportunities in bio-imaging, remote optogenetics, and photodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Unlocking Multimodal Nonlinear Microscopy for Deep-Tissue Imaging under Continuous-Wave Excitation with Tunable Upconverting Nanoparticles","authors":"Jeongmo Kim, Seunghun Lee, Yundon Jeong, Kyunghwan Kim, Kibum Nam, Hyungwon Jin, Yuha Choi, Hyun-Jin Kim, Heungjin Ryu, Ki Hean Kim, Jae-Ick Kim, Jongnam Park, Jinmyoung Joo, Jung-Hoon Park","doi":"10.1002/adma.202502739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202502739","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear microscopy provides excellent depth penetration and axial sectioning for 3D imaging, yet widespread adoption is limited by reliance on expensive ultrafast pulsed lasers. This work circumvents such limitations by employing rare-earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), specifically Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup> co-doped NaYF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals, which exhibit strong multimodal nonlinear optical responses under continuous-wave (CW) excitation. These UCNPs emit multiple wavelengths at UV (λ ≈ 450 nm), blue (λ ≈ 450 nm), and NIR (λ ≈ 800 nm), whose intensities are nonlinearly governed by excitation power. Exploiting these properties, multi-colored nonlinear emissions enable functional imaging of cerebral blood vessels in deep brain. Using a simple optical setup, high resolution in vivo 3D imaging of mouse cerebrovascular networks at depths up to 800 µmm is achieved, surpassing performance of conventional imaging methods using CW lasers. In vivo cerebrovascular flow dynamics is also visualized with wide-field video-rate imaging under low-powered CW excitation. Furthermore, UCNPs enable depth-selective, 3D-localized photo-modulation through turbid media, presenting spatiotemporally targeted light beacons. This innovative approach, leveraging UCNPs' intrinsic nonlinear optical characteristics, significantly advances multimodal nonlinear microscopy with CW lasers, opening new opportunities in bio-imaging, remote optogenetics, and photodynamic therapy.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2D perovskite materials are ideal candidates for indoor photovoltaic (IPV) applications due to their tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficients, and enhanced stability. However, attaining uniform crystallization and overcoming low carrier mobility remain key challenges for 2D perovskites, limiting their overall performance. In this study, a 2D perovskite light-absorbing layer is constructed using a Dion–Jacobson (DJ)-phase EDA(FA)4Pb5I16 (n = 5) and introduced butylammonium iodide (BAI) for interface modification, thereby creating a novel DJ/Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) dual 2D perovskite heterostructure. By adjusting the thickness of the BAI-based perovskite layer, the relationship between interfacial defect states and carrier mobility is investigated under varying indoor light intensities. The results indicate that, by achieving a balance between interfacial defect passivation and carrier transport, the optimized 2D perovskite device reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.30% and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 936 mV under 1000 lux (3000 K LED). 2D-DJ/RP perovskite IPV exhibits a twentyfold increase in T90 lifetime compared to 3D perovskite devices. It is the first time to systematically study 2D perovskites in IPV applications, demonstrating that rationally designed and optimized 2D perovskites hold significant potential for fabricating high-performance indoor PSCs.
{"title":"Stable and Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics Through Novel Dual-Phase 2D Perovskite Heterostructures","authors":"Renjie Wang, Jionghua Wu, Qiao Zheng, Hui Deng, Weihuang Wang, Jing Chen, Xinghui Wang, Mingdeng Wei, Zhao-Kui Wang, Shuying Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adma.202419573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202419573","url":null,"abstract":"2D perovskite materials are ideal candidates for indoor photovoltaic (IPV) applications due to their tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficients, and enhanced stability. However, attaining uniform crystallization and overcoming low carrier mobility remain key challenges for 2D perovskites, limiting their overall performance. In this study, a 2D perovskite light-absorbing layer is constructed using a Dion–Jacobson (DJ)-phase EDA(FA)<sub>4</sub>Pb<sub>5</sub>I<sub>16</sub> (<i>n</i> = 5) and introduced butylammonium iodide (BAI) for interface modification, thereby creating a novel DJ/Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) dual 2D perovskite heterostructure. By adjusting the thickness of the BAI-based perovskite layer, the relationship between interfacial defect states and carrier mobility is investigated under varying indoor light intensities. The results indicate that, by achieving a balance between interfacial defect passivation and carrier transport, the optimized 2D perovskite device reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.30% and an open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) of 936 mV under 1000 lux (3000 K LED). 2D-DJ/RP perovskite IPV exhibits a twentyfold increase in T<sub>90</sub> lifetime compared to 3D perovskite devices. It is the first time to systematically study 2D perovskites in IPV applications, demonstrating that rationally designed and optimized 2D perovskites hold significant potential for fabricating high-performance indoor PSCs.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunchi Zhao, Yi Zhang, Jie Qi, Yanzhe Zhao, He Huang, Guang Yang, Haochang Lyu, Bokai Shao, Jingyan Zhang, Guoqiang Yu, Hongxiang Wei, Baogen Shen, Shouguo Wang
Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by current is a promising approach for electrical manipulation of magnetization in advancing next-generation memory and logic technologies. Conventional SOT-driven perpendicular magnetization switching typically requires an external magnetic field for symmetry breaking, limiting practical applications. Recent research has focused on achieving field-free switching through out-of-plane SOT, with the key challenge being the exploration of new spin source materials that can generate z-polarized spins with high charge-to-spin conversion efficiency, structural simplicity, and scalability for large-scale production. This study demonstrates field-free perpendicular switching using an ultrathin type-II Dirac semimetal Pt3Sn layer with a topological surface state. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unconventional SOT originates from a spin texture with C3v symmetry, leading to significant z-polarized spin accumulation in the Pt3Sn (111) surface, enabling the deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization. These results highlight the potential of Dirac semimetals like Pt3Sn as scalable and efficient spin sources, facilitating the development of low-power, high-density spintronic memory and logic devices.
电流诱导的自旋轨道力矩（SOT）是一种很有前途的磁化电操纵方法，可推动下一代存储器和逻辑技术的发展。传统的 SOT 驱动垂直磁化开关通常需要外部磁场来破坏对称性，从而限制了实际应用。最近的研究重点是通过面外 SOT 实现无磁场开关，其中的关键挑战是探索新的自旋源材料，这种材料能产生 z 极化自旋，具有电荷-自旋转换效率高、结构简单和可大规模生产的特点。本研究利用具有拓扑表面态的超薄 II 型狄拉克半金属 Pt3Sn 层展示了无场垂直开关。密度泛函理论计算显示，非常规 SOT 源自 C3v 对称的自旋纹理，导致 Pt3Sn (111) 表面出现显著的 z 极化自旋积累，从而实现了垂直磁化的确定性切换。这些结果凸显了 Pt3Sn 等狄拉克半金属作为可扩展的高效自旋源的潜力，有助于开发低功耗、高密度的自旋电子存储器和逻辑器件。
{"title":"Field-Free Perpendicular Magnetization Switching Through Topological Surface State in Type-II Dirac Semimetal Pt3Sn","authors":"Yunchi Zhao, Yi Zhang, Jie Qi, Yanzhe Zhao, He Huang, Guang Yang, Haochang Lyu, Bokai Shao, Jingyan Zhang, Guoqiang Yu, Hongxiang Wei, Baogen Shen, Shouguo Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202418663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202418663","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by current is a promising approach for electrical manipulation of magnetization in advancing next-generation memory and logic technologies. Conventional SOT-driven perpendicular magnetization switching typically requires an external magnetic field for symmetry breaking, limiting practical applications. Recent research has focused on achieving field-free switching through out-of-plane SOT, with the key challenge being the exploration of new spin source materials that can generate <i>z</i>-polarized spins with high charge-to-spin conversion efficiency, structural simplicity, and scalability for large-scale production. This study demonstrates field-free perpendicular switching using an ultrathin type-II Dirac semimetal Pt<sub>3</sub>Sn layer with a topological surface state. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unconventional SOT originates from a spin texture with <i>C<sub>3v</sub></i> symmetry, leading to significant <i>z</i>-polarized spin accumulation in the Pt<sub>3</sub>Sn (111) surface, enabling the deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization. These results highlight the potential of Dirac semimetals like Pt<sub>3</sub>Sn as scalable and efficient spin sources, facilitating the development of low-power, high-density spintronic memory and logic devices.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Shao, Tianyun Liu, Deng-Bing Li, Linxing Meng, Jianyuan Wang, Wei Zhai, Liang Li
Solar-driven hydrogen production is significant for achieving carbon neutrality but is limited by unsatisfactory surface catalytic reaction kinetics. Layer regulation can impact carrier transmission or catalytic behavior, but the specific effects on the oxygen or hydrogen evolution reaction (OER or HER) remain unclear, and atomic layer level modulation for maxing HER is challenging. Here the distinct roles of modulated Zn–S or In–S surface layers in ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) for the OER and HER, respectively, are disentangled. Moreover, the extensive characterizations and computational results demonstrate that stressful environments enable individual modulation and introduce Ni into the surface In–S layer rather than the easily alterable Zn–S layer, creating deeper hybridized electronic states of Ni 3d–S 3p, optimizing H* adsorption/desorption, and maximizing surface catalytic benefits for the HER. Consequently, the optimized ZIS exhibited a photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of up to 18.19 mmol g−1 h−1, ≈32 times higher than pristine ZIS. This investigation expands the application scenarios of ultrasonic technology and inspires other precise control types, such as defects and crystal plane engineering, etc.
太阳能驱动的氢气生产对实现碳中和具有重要意义，但由于表面催化反应动力学不尽人意而受到限制。表层调控会影响载流子传输或催化行为，但对氧或氢进化反应（OER 或 HER）的具体影响仍不清楚，而原子层级调控以最大限度地提高 HER 是一项挑战。在这里，ZnIn2S4（ZIS）中经过调制的 Zn-S 或 In-S 表层分别对 OER 和 HER 起着不同的作用。此外，大量的表征和计算结果表明，应力环境可实现单独调制，并将镍引入表面 In-S 层而不是易于改变的 Zn-S 层，从而产生更深的镍 3d-S 3p 杂化电子态，优化 H* 的吸附/解吸，并最大限度地提高 HER 的表面催化效益。因此，优化后的 ZIS 的光催化产氢率高达 18.19 mmol g-1 h-1，是原始 ZIS 的 32 倍。这项研究拓展了超声波技术的应用范围，并对其他精确控制类型（如缺陷和晶面工程等）产生了启发。
{"title":"Pressure-Assisted Ni 3d–S 3p Hybridization within Targeted In–S Layer for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production","authors":"Bo Shao, Tianyun Liu, Deng-Bing Li, Linxing Meng, Jianyuan Wang, Wei Zhai, Liang Li","doi":"10.1002/adma.202504135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202504135","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven hydrogen production is significant for achieving carbon neutrality but is limited by unsatisfactory surface catalytic reaction kinetics. Layer regulation can impact carrier transmission or catalytic behavior, but the specific effects on the oxygen or hydrogen evolution reaction (OER or HER) remain unclear, and atomic layer level modulation for maxing HER is challenging. Here the distinct roles of modulated Zn–S or In–S surface layers in ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) for the OER and HER, respectively, are disentangled. Moreover, the extensive characterizations and computational results demonstrate that stressful environments enable individual modulation and introduce Ni into the surface In–S layer rather than the easily alterable Zn–S layer, creating deeper hybridized electronic states of Ni 3<i>d</i>–S 3<i>p</i>, optimizing H<sup>*</sup> adsorption/desorption, and maximizing surface catalytic benefits for the HER. Consequently, the optimized ZIS exhibited a photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of up to 18.19 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, ≈32 times higher than pristine ZIS. This investigation expands the application scenarios of ultrasonic technology and inspires other precise control types, such as defects and crystal plane engineering, etc.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Branco, Joana Cunha, Maria Mendes, João J. Sousa, Carla Vitorino
Conventional in vitro models fail to accurately mimic the tumor in vivo characteristics, being appointed as one of the causes of clinical attrition rate. Recent advances in 3D culture techniques, replicating essential physical and biochemical cues such as cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, have led to the development of more realistic tumor models. Bioprinting has emerged to advance the creation of 3D in vitro models, providing enhanced flexibility, scalability, and reproducibility. This is crucial for the development of more effective drug treatments, and glioblastoma (GBM) is no exception. GBM, the most common and deadly brain cancer, remains a major challenge, with a median survival of only 15 months post-diagnosis. This review highlights the key components needed for 3D bioprinted GBM models. It encompasses an analysis of natural and synthetic biomaterials, along with crosslinking methods to improve structural integrity. Also, it critically evaluates current 3D bioprinted GBM models and their integration into GBM-on-a-chip platforms, which hold noteworthy potential for drug screening and personalized therapies. A versatile development framework grounded on Quality-by-Design principles is proposed to guide the design of bioprinting models. Future perspectives, including 4D bioprinting and machine learning approaches, are discussed, along with the current gaps to advance the field further.
{"title":"3D Bioprinting Models for Glioblastoma: From Scaffold Design to Therapeutic Application","authors":"Francisco Branco, Joana Cunha, Maria Mendes, João J. Sousa, Carla Vitorino","doi":"10.1002/adma.202501994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202501994","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional in vitro models fail to accurately mimic the tumor in vivo characteristics, being appointed as one of the causes of clinical attrition rate. Recent advances in 3D culture techniques, replicating essential physical and biochemical cues such as cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, have led to the development of more realistic tumor models. Bioprinting has emerged to advance the creation of 3D in vitro models, providing enhanced flexibility, scalability, and reproducibility. This is crucial for the development of more effective drug treatments, and glioblastoma (GBM) is no exception. GBM, the most common and deadly brain cancer, remains a major challenge, with a median survival of only 15 months post-diagnosis. This review highlights the key components needed for 3D bioprinted GBM models. It encompasses an analysis of natural and synthetic biomaterials, along with crosslinking methods to improve structural integrity. Also, it critically evaluates current 3D bioprinted GBM models and their integration into GBM-on-a-chip platforms, which hold noteworthy potential for drug screening and personalized therapies. A versatile development framework grounded on Quality-by-Design principles is proposed to guide the design of bioprinting models. Future perspectives, including 4D bioprinting and machine learning approaches, are discussed, along with the current gaps to advance the field further.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr Cherniushok, Taras Parashchuk, G. Jeffrey Snyder, Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski
Copper-based chalcogenides are cost-effective and environmentally friendly thermoelectric (TE) materials for waste heat recovery. Despite demonstrating excellent thermoelectric performance, binary Cu2X (X = S, Se, and Te) chalcogenides undergo superionic phase transitions above room temperature, leading to microstructural evolution and unstable properties. In this work, a new γ-phase of Cu6Te3-xS1+x (0 < x ≤ 1) is discovered, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with outstanding thermoelectric performance and high stability. By substituting Te with S in metallic Cu6Te3S, the crystal symmetry is modified and structural phase transitions are eliminated. The γ-phase exhibits a significantly higher Seebeck coefficient of up to 200 µVK−1 compared to 8.8 µVK−1 for Cu6Te3S at room temperature due to optimized carrier concentration and increased effective mass. Cu6Te3-xS1+x materials also demonstrate ultralow thermal conductivity (≈0.25 Wm−1K−1), which, in concert with improved power factors, enables a high zT of ≈1.1 at a relatively low temperature of 500 K. Unlike most Cu-based chalcogenides, the γ-phase exhibits excellent transport property stability across multiple thermal cycles, making it a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to Bi2Te3-based materials. The developed Cu6Te3-xS1+x is a promising candidate for thermoelectric converters in waste heat recovery, and its potential can be further extended to cooling applications through carrier concentration tuning.
{"title":"Discovery of a New Cu-Based Chalcogenide with High zT Near Room Temperature: Low-Cost Alternative for the Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectrics","authors":"Oleksandr Cherniushok, Taras Parashchuk, G. Jeffrey Snyder, Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1002/adma.202420556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202420556","url":null,"abstract":"Copper-based chalcogenides are cost-effective and environmentally friendly thermoelectric (TE) materials for waste heat recovery. Despite demonstrating excellent thermoelectric performance, binary Cu<sub>2</sub><i>X</i> (<i>X</i> = S, Se, and Te) chalcogenides undergo superionic phase transitions above room temperature, leading to microstructural evolution and unstable properties. In this work, a new γ-phase of Cu<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>1+</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> (0 < <i>x</i> ≤ 1) is discovered, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with outstanding thermoelectric performance and high stability. By substituting Te with S in metallic Cu<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>S, the crystal symmetry is modified and structural phase transitions are eliminated. The γ-phase exhibits a significantly higher Seebeck coefficient of up to 200 µVK<sup>−1</sup> compared to 8.8 µVK<sup>−1</sup> for Cu<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>S at room temperature due to optimized carrier concentration and increased effective mass. Cu<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>1+</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> materials also demonstrate ultralow thermal conductivity (≈0.25 Wm<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup>), which, in concert with improved power factors, enables a high <i>zT</i> of ≈1.1 at a relatively low temperature of 500 K. Unlike most Cu-based chalcogenides, the γ-phase exhibits excellent transport property stability across multiple thermal cycles, making it a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based materials. The developed Cu<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>1+</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> is a promising candidate for thermoelectric converters in waste heat recovery, and its potential can be further extended to cooling applications through carrier concentration tuning.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo L. Zaffalon, Andrea Fratelli, Zhanzhao Li, Francesco Bruni, Ihor Cherniukh, Francesco Carulli, Francesco Meinardi, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Liberato Manna, Sergio Brovelli
Efficiency and emission rate are two traditionally conflicting parameters in radiation detection, and achieving their simultaneous maximization can significantly advance ultrafast time-of-flight (ToF) technologies. In this study, it is demonstrated that this goal is attainable by harnessing the giant oscillator strength (GOS) inherent to weakly confined perovskite nanocrystals, which enables superradiant scintillation under mildly cryogenic conditions that align seamlessly with ToF technologies. It is shown that the radiative acceleration due to GOS encompasses both single and multiple exciton dynamics arising from ionizing interactions, further enhanced by suppressed non-radiative losses and Auger recombination at 80 K. The outcome is ultrafast scintillation with 420 ps lifetime and light yield of ≈10 000 photons/MeV for diluted NC solutions, all without non-radiative losses. Temperature-dependent light-guiding experiments on test-bed nanocomposite scintillators finally indicate that the light-transport capability remains unaffected by the accumulation of band-edge oscillator strength due to GOS. These findings suggest a promising pathway toward developing ultrafast nanotechnological scintillators with optimized light output and timing performance.
{"title":"Ultrafast Superradiant Scintillation from Isolated Weakly Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals","authors":"Matteo L. Zaffalon, Andrea Fratelli, Zhanzhao Li, Francesco Bruni, Ihor Cherniukh, Francesco Carulli, Francesco Meinardi, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Liberato Manna, Sergio Brovelli","doi":"10.1002/adma.202500846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202500846","url":null,"abstract":"Efficiency and emission rate are two traditionally conflicting parameters in radiation detection, and achieving their simultaneous maximization can significantly advance ultrafast time-of-flight (ToF) technologies. In this study, it is demonstrated that this goal is attainable by harnessing the giant oscillator strength (GOS) inherent to weakly confined perovskite nanocrystals, which enables superradiant scintillation under mildly cryogenic conditions that align seamlessly with ToF technologies. It is shown that the radiative acceleration due to GOS encompasses both single and multiple exciton dynamics arising from ionizing interactions, further enhanced by suppressed non-radiative losses and Auger recombination at 80 K. The outcome is ultrafast scintillation with 420 ps lifetime and light yield of ≈10 000 photons/MeV for diluted NC solutions, all without non-radiative losses. Temperature-dependent light-guiding experiments on test-bed nanocomposite scintillators finally indicate that the light-transport capability remains unaffected by the accumulation of band-edge oscillator strength due to GOS. These findings suggest a promising pathway toward developing ultrafast nanotechnological scintillators with optimized light output and timing performance.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisotropic microcarriers (AMs) have attracted increasing attention. Although significant efforts have been made to explore AMs with various morphologies, their full potential is yet to be realized, as most studies have primarily focused on materials or fabrication methods. A thorough analysis of the interactional and interdependent relationships between these factors is required, along with proposed countermeasures tailored for researchers from various backgrounds. These countermeasures include specific fabrication strategies for various morphologies and guidelines for selecting the most suitable AM for certain biomedical applications. In this review, a comprehensive summary of AMs, ranging from their fabrication methods to biomedical applications, based on the past two decades of research, is provided. The fabrication of various morphologies is investigated using different strategies and their corresponding biomedical applications. By systematically examining these morphology-dependent effects, a better utilization of AMs with diverse morphologies can be achieved and clear strategies for breakthroughs in the biomedical field are established. Additionally, certain challenges are identified, new frontiers are opened, and promising and exciting opportunities are provided for fabricating functional AMs with broad implications across various fields that must be addressed in biomaterials and biotechnology.
{"title":"Anisotropic Microcarriers: Fabrication Strategies and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Yingying Hou, Leyan Xuan, Weihong Mo, Ting Xie, Juan Antonio Robledo Lara, Jialin Wu, Junjie Cai, Farzana Nazir, Long Chen, Xin Yi, Sifan Bo, Huaibin Wang, Yuanye Dang, Maobin Xie, Guosheng Tang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202416862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202416862","url":null,"abstract":"Anisotropic microcarriers (AMs) have attracted increasing attention. Although significant efforts have been made to explore AMs with various morphologies, their full potential is yet to be realized, as most studies have primarily focused on materials or fabrication methods. A thorough analysis of the interactional and interdependent relationships between these factors is required, along with proposed countermeasures tailored for researchers from various backgrounds. These countermeasures include specific fabrication strategies for various morphologies and guidelines for selecting the most suitable AM for certain biomedical applications. In this review, a comprehensive summary of AMs, ranging from their fabrication methods to biomedical applications, based on the past two decades of research, is provided. The fabrication of various morphologies is investigated using different strategies and their corresponding biomedical applications. By systematically examining these morphology-dependent effects, a better utilization of AMs with diverse morphologies can be achieved and clear strategies for breakthroughs in the biomedical field are established. Additionally, certain challenges are identified, new frontiers are opened, and promising and exciting opportunities are provided for fabricating functional AMs with broad implications across various fields that must be addressed in biomaterials and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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