This paper determines the solar panel optimal tilt angle and orientations at the Brikama environment of The Gambia. This was achieved by comparing mathematical model results with experimental data collected using a PV module (Model AP-120) manufactured by AstroPower, USA, and a single-axis tracker technology at the same location and months of the year. The experimental tilt angles obtained range from 5.1°-28.2° with an average angle of 14.8° while the mathematical model approach obtained the tilt angle to be within the range of 9.1°-22.3° with a mean value of 15.5°. The generated power analysis revealed that the peak power produced by the solar panel was recorded at an angle of 30° due South and the mean power gain from the orientation of the PV panel ranged from 3.6-48.1W. The mean power result suggests that, in comparison to a horizontal position, solar collecting efficiency is higher at the optimal tilt angle.
{"title":"A Model Validatory Approach in Determining Solar Panel Tilting Angles and Orientations at the Brikama Environment of The Gambia","authors":"T. J. Ayua, Musa Camara","doi":"10.1149/11310.0009ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11310.0009ecst","url":null,"abstract":"This paper determines the solar panel optimal tilt angle and orientations at the Brikama environment of The Gambia. This was achieved by comparing mathematical model results with experimental data collected using a PV module (Model AP-120) manufactured by AstroPower, USA, and a single-axis tracker technology at the same location and months of the year. The experimental tilt angles obtained range from 5.1°-28.2° with an average angle of 14.8° while the mathematical model approach obtained the tilt angle to be within the range of 9.1°-22.3° with a mean value of 15.5°. The generated power analysis revealed that the peak power produced by the solar panel was recorded at an angle of 30° due South and the mean power gain from the orientation of the PV panel ranged from 3.6-48.1W. The mean power result suggests that, in comparison to a horizontal position, solar collecting efficiency is higher at the optimal tilt angle.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"10 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we unveil the sub-60 mV/decade subthreshold swing (SS) characteristics observed in the oxide local thinning (OLT) gated p-type metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) tunnel diodes (TD) utilizing TCAD simulations. Through our simulations, we successfully replicate the sub-60 mV/decade SS behavior and attribute this remarkable characteristic to the rapid increase in electron density near the gate edge. This phenomenon arises from electron injection through the gate OLT region under a negative gate voltage, leading to a significant elevation in electron density near the gate edge. Armed with this insight, we design scaled devices to assess the feasibility of achieving sub-60 mV/decade SS behavior. By modulating the substrate thickness, we effectively simulate devices with SS lower than 60 mV/decade across a current range spanning 8 orders of magnitude.
在本研究中，我们利用 TCAD 仿真揭示了在氧化物局部减薄（OLT）栅极 p 型金属-绝缘体-半导体（MIS）隧道二极管（TD）中观察到的低于 60 mV/decade 的阈下摆动（SS）特性。通过模拟，我们成功地复制了低于 60 mV/decade 的 SS 行为，并将这一显著特点归因于栅极边缘附近电子密度的快速增加。这一现象源于在负栅极电压下电子通过栅极 OLT 区域注入，导致栅极边缘附近电子密度显著增加。基于这一认识，我们设计了按比例放大的器件，以评估实现低于 60 mV/decade SS 行为的可行性。通过调节衬底厚度，我们有效地模拟了在 8 个数量级的电流范围内 SS 低于 60 mV/decade 的器件。
{"title":"Unveiling Sub-60 mV/decade Subthreshold Swing in The Oxide Local Thinning (OLT) Gated MIS Tunnel Diodes by TCAD Simulations","authors":"Sung-Wei Huang, Jun-Yu Lin, J. Hwu","doi":"10.1149/11305.0009ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11305.0009ecst","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we unveil the sub-60 mV/decade subthreshold swing (SS) characteristics observed in the oxide local thinning (OLT) gated p-type metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) tunnel diodes (TD) utilizing TCAD simulations. Through our simulations, we successfully replicate the sub-60 mV/decade SS behavior and attribute this remarkable characteristic to the rapid increase in electron density near the gate edge. This phenomenon arises from electron injection through the gate OLT region under a negative gate voltage, leading to a significant elevation in electron density near the gate edge. Armed with this insight, we design scaled devices to assess the feasibility of achieving sub-60 mV/decade SS behavior. By modulating the substrate thickness, we effectively simulate devices with SS lower than 60 mV/decade across a current range spanning 8 orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tara N Barwa, Daniele Alves, Yiran Luo, Eithne Dempsey, C. Breslin
It is well recognized that antimicrobials are central to society, but they have also entered the aquatic environment posing risks to public health and our essential ecosystems. Therefore, the detection of antimicrobial drugs at low concentration levels in aquatic environments is essential. In this study, a new composite comprising tannic acid modified carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and WS2 was formed to give CNF/WS2 and used in the electrochemical detection of ornidazole, an antimicrobial drug. Ornidazole is a well-known nitroimidazole and it has been detected in various water bodies. Using the CNF/WS2 composite, a linear concentration range extending from 10 nM to 260 mM ornidazole, with a sensitivity of 1.37 mA mM–1 cm–2 was obtained. Very good selectivity was achieved, and the sensor performed well in the analysis of ornidazole in river water, with recoveries ranging from 88.3 to 107.3%.
{"title":"A WS2/CNF Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensing Applications","authors":"Tara N Barwa, Daniele Alves, Yiran Luo, Eithne Dempsey, C. Breslin","doi":"10.1149/11312.0011ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11312.0011ecst","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized that antimicrobials are central to society, but they have also entered the aquatic environment posing risks to public health and our essential ecosystems. Therefore, the detection of antimicrobial drugs at low concentration levels in aquatic environments is essential. In this study, a new composite comprising tannic acid modified carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and WS2 was formed to give CNF/WS2 and used in the electrochemical detection of ornidazole, an antimicrobial drug. Ornidazole is a well-known nitroimidazole and it has been detected in various water bodies. Using the CNF/WS2 composite, a linear concentration range extending from 10 nM to 260 mM ornidazole, with a sensitivity of 1.37 mA mM–1 cm–2 was obtained. Very good selectivity was achieved, and the sensor performed well in the analysis of ornidazole in river water, with recoveries ranging from 88.3 to 107.3%.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"11 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronak Ali, Aaron Swartz, Riasad Badhan, Reza Ilka, Yiju Wang, Jiangbiao He, Zhi Chen, Ning Ren, Z George Zhang, Gefei Wu, Roger England
We made moisture sensors using α-Al2O3 films as porous dielectric materials deposited through the anodic spark deposition (ASD). In this study, a variety number of small pores has been studied to investigate the response speed of moisture sensors. Three different surface morphologies have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample DM23 has the maximum number of small pores. Small pores are defined as pore size ranging from 40 nm to several hundred nm. Sample TA40 has the minimum number of small pores. Sample FW06 has the medium number of small pores. We found that the sensor made from dielectric material with the maximum number of small pores has the fastest response speed, and that from the minimum number of small pores has the slowest response speed either from high humidity to low humidity or from low humidity to high humidity.
{"title":"Porous Dielectric Structure and Response Speed of Moisture Sensors","authors":"Ronak Ali, Aaron Swartz, Riasad Badhan, Reza Ilka, Yiju Wang, Jiangbiao He, Zhi Chen, Ning Ren, Z George Zhang, Gefei Wu, Roger England","doi":"10.1149/11302.0003ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11302.0003ecst","url":null,"abstract":"We made moisture sensors using α-Al2O3 films as porous dielectric materials deposited through the anodic spark deposition (ASD). In this study, a variety number of small pores has been studied to investigate the response speed of moisture sensors. Three different surface morphologies have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample DM23 has the maximum number of small pores. Small pores are defined as pore size ranging from 40 nm to several hundred nm. Sample TA40 has the minimum number of small pores. Sample FW06 has the medium number of small pores. We found that the sensor made from dielectric material with the maximum number of small pores has the fastest response speed, and that from the minimum number of small pores has the slowest response speed either from high humidity to low humidity or from low humidity to high humidity.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we first offer an overview of aperture-type scanning near field optical microscopy –a family of super-resolution imaging techniques based on evanescent waves, which can be combined with atomic force microscopy and are capable of subwavelength resolution nano-optical imaging. In the second part of this review, we will discuss a few applications in which our group capitalized on the super-resolution resolving power of SNOM to design specific nano-optical and nano-photonic systems for light harvesting, resistive memory device applications and nanoscale thermo-optical management. Specific case studies that will be presented include the characterization of weakly photoluminescent and curved carbon dots for memory device applications, the three-dimensional characterization of plasmon-enhanced nanophotonic devices, as well as the development of near-field thermoreflectance imaging for nanophotonic-based thermal management applications. Collectively, our study well represents the versability of SNOM as a unique super-resolution nanophotonic tool for the investigation of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale.
{"title":"(Invited) Near-Field Optics and Its Applications in Nanoscale Materials: A Review","authors":"Giovanni Fanchini, Noah B. Stocek, Victor Wong","doi":"10.1149/11303.0015ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11303.0015ecst","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we first offer an overview of aperture-type scanning near field optical microscopy –a family of super-resolution imaging techniques based on evanescent waves, which can be combined with atomic force microscopy and are capable of subwavelength resolution nano-optical imaging. In the second part of this review, we will discuss a few applications in which our group capitalized on the super-resolution resolving power of SNOM to design specific nano-optical and nano-photonic systems for light harvesting, resistive memory device applications and nanoscale thermo-optical management. Specific case studies that will be presented include the characterization of weakly photoluminescent and curved carbon dots for memory device applications, the three-dimensional characterization of plasmon-enhanced nanophotonic devices, as well as the development of near-field thermoreflectance imaging for nanophotonic-based thermal management applications. Collectively, our study well represents the versability of SNOM as a unique super-resolution nanophotonic tool for the investigation of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hsiao-Hsuan Wan, Jian-Sian Li, Chao-Ching Chiang, Xinyi Xia, Fan Ren, Hannah Masten, James Spencer Lundh, Joseph Spencer, Fikadu Alema, Andrei Osinsky, A. Jacobs, Karl D. Hobart, Marko Tadjer, S. J. Pearton
The characteristics of NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 heterojunction lateral geometry rectifiers with the epitaxial layers grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition were measured over the temperature range from 25-225°C. The forward current increased with temperature, while the on-state resistance decreased from 360 Ω•cm2 at 25°C to 30 Ω.cm2 at 225°C. The forward turn-on voltage was reduced from 4 V at 25°C to 1.9 V at 225°C. The reverse breakdown voltage at room temperature was ~4.2 kV, with a temperature coefficient of -16.5 V/K. This negative temperature coefficient precludes avalanche being the breakdown mechanism and indicates that defects still dominate the reverse conduction characteristics. The corresponding power figures-of-merit were 0.27-0.49 MW.cm-2. The maximum on/off ratios improved with temperature from 2105 at 25°C to 3107 at 225°C when switching from 5 V forward to 0 V. The high temperature performance of the NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 lateral rectifiers is promising if the current rate of optimization continues.
{"title":"Operation up to 225°C of NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 Heterojunction Lateral Rectifiers","authors":"Hsiao-Hsuan Wan, Jian-Sian Li, Chao-Ching Chiang, Xinyi Xia, Fan Ren, Hannah Masten, James Spencer Lundh, Joseph Spencer, Fikadu Alema, Andrei Osinsky, A. Jacobs, Karl D. Hobart, Marko Tadjer, S. J. Pearton","doi":"10.1149/11307.0003ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11307.0003ecst","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 heterojunction lateral geometry rectifiers with the epitaxial layers grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition were measured over the temperature range from 25-225°C. The forward current increased with temperature, while the on-state resistance decreased from 360 Ω•cm2 at 25°C to 30 Ω.cm2 at 225°C. The forward turn-on voltage was reduced from 4 V at 25°C to 1.9 V at 225°C. The reverse breakdown voltage at room temperature was ~4.2 kV, with a temperature coefficient of -16.5 V/K. This negative temperature coefficient precludes avalanche being the breakdown mechanism and indicates that defects still dominate the reverse conduction characteristics. The corresponding power figures-of-merit were 0.27-0.49 MW.cm-2. The maximum on/off ratios improved with temperature from 2105 at 25°C to 3107 at 225°C when switching from 5 V forward to 0 V. The high temperature performance of the NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 lateral rectifiers is promising if the current rate of optimization continues.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Granitzer, K. Rumpf, R. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Coffer, Manfred Nachtnebel
In the frame of this work the temperature-dependency of the magnetization of various composite systems consisting of porous silicon (PSi) and silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with embedded Ni, NiCo, FePt, and Fe3O4 structures is discussed. The temperature is varied between 80 and 1273 K which allows to determine the Curie Temperature of the composites which is higher than for the corresponding bulk materials. Magnetic cross-talk between metal deposits can be controlled by the morphology of the porous silicon (pore diameter and distance between the pores) or silicon nanotubes (inner diameter and wall thickness) and also by the distribution and size of the deposits within the pores. To get a clear knowledge about the magnetic interactions single hysteresis curves are not sufficient and thus first order reversal curves (FORC) are performed. Magnetic coupling is present for Ni, Co and NiCo deposits, whereas in the case of Fe3O4 and FePt nanoparticle loading no magnetic cross-talk between the particles is observed.
本研究讨论了由嵌入镍、镍钴、铂铁和氧化铁结构的多孔硅（PSi）和纳米硅管（SiNTs）组成的各种复合材料系统的磁化温度依赖性。温度在 80 至 1273 K 之间变化，从而确定了复合材料的居里温度，该温度高于相应的块体材料。多孔硅（孔径和孔间距）或纳米硅管（内径和壁厚）的形态以及孔内沉积物的分布和大小可以控制金属沉积物之间的磁交。要清楚地了解磁性相互作用，仅靠单一的磁滞曲线是不够的，因此要进行一阶反向曲线（FORC）分析。镍、钴和镍钴沉积物存在磁耦合，而在装载 Fe3O4 和 FePt 纳米粒子的情况下，粒子之间没有磁交扰。
{"title":"High Temperature and FORC Investigations of Semiconducting/Ferromagnetic Nanocomposites","authors":"P. Granitzer, K. Rumpf, R. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Coffer, Manfred Nachtnebel","doi":"10.1149/11304.0003ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11304.0003ecst","url":null,"abstract":"In the frame of this work the temperature-dependency of the magnetization of various composite systems consisting of porous silicon (PSi) and silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with embedded Ni, NiCo, FePt, and Fe3O4 structures is discussed. The temperature is varied between 80 and 1273 K which allows to determine the Curie Temperature of the composites which is higher than for the corresponding bulk materials. Magnetic cross-talk between metal deposits can be controlled by the morphology of the porous silicon (pore diameter and distance between the pores) or silicon nanotubes (inner diameter and wall thickness) and also by the distribution and size of the deposits within the pores. To get a clear knowledge about the magnetic interactions single hysteresis curves are not sufficient and thus first order reversal curves (FORC) are performed. Magnetic coupling is present for Ni, Co and NiCo deposits, whereas in the case of Fe3O4 and FePt nanoparticle loading no magnetic cross-talk between the particles is observed.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries. This research focused on using advanced printed board circuit (PCB) printing technology to fabricate a humidity moisture sensor. The fabrication of humidity sensor was done using two different polymers: p-HEMA and polyimide, and the performance was compared. Humidity sensors with p-HEMA showed higher capacitance value and more sensitivity than the humidity sensors with polyimide. The variation in sensitivity was higher between the relative humidity from 60% to 90% than between 45% to 60%.
{"title":"Design and Characterization of Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor","authors":"Akhil Naik Banothu, Vinay Budhraja, P. Sundaravadivel, Reginald Fletcher, Krishna Reddy","doi":"10.1149/11313.0027ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11313.0027ecst","url":null,"abstract":"The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries. This research focused on using advanced printed board circuit (PCB) printing technology to fabricate a humidity moisture sensor. The fabrication of humidity sensor was done using two different polymers: p-HEMA and polyimide, and the performance was compared. Humidity sensors with p-HEMA showed higher capacitance value and more sensitivity than the humidity sensors with polyimide. The variation in sensitivity was higher between the relative humidity from 60% to 90% than between 45% to 60%.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"56 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxygen vacancies are important factors to tune the performance of oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, it remains challenging how to control the concentration of the oxygen vacancies and decouple their effects on OER from other factors. In this work, we use a specific composition/phase La0.4Sr0.6FeO3- d perovskite oxide as an example to tailor the oxygen vacancies of their nanoparticulate using a modified molten salt synthesis and ozone treatment. The OER performance of the resulting La0.4Sr0.6FeO3- d nanoparticles with different degree of oxygen vacancies ranging from 0 to 25% are compared. The OER reactivity increases with increased oxygen vacancies in the materials, but the change is nonlinear. The OER stability, on the other hand, has a bimodal distribution. The activities of fully oxidized sample and the most oxygen-deficient sample degrade slower than the two samples in the middle. The results suggest that it is feasible to design catalysts with oxygen vacancy to be the most OER active and stable. Further investigation into the oxygen vacancy – active site relation would offer guiding principle to design and synthesize high OER performance oxide catalysts.
氧空位是调整氧进化反应（OER）氧化物催化剂性能的重要因素。然而，如何控制氧空位的浓度，并将其对 OER 的影响与其他因素分离开来，仍然是一项挑战。在这项工作中，我们以特定成分/相态的 La0.4Sr0.6FeO3- d 包晶氧化物为例，采用改进的熔盐合成和臭氧处理方法来定制其纳米颗粒中的氧空位。比较了不同氧空位程度（0 至 25%）的 La0.4Sr0.6FeO3- d 纳米粒子的 OER 性能。OER 反应性随着材料中氧空位的增加而增加，但这种变化是非线性的。另一方面，OER 的稳定性呈双峰分布。完全氧化样品和最缺氧样品的活性降解速度慢于中间的两个样品。结果表明，设计出氧空位催化剂，使其具有最高的 OER 活性和稳定性是可行的。进一步研究氧空位与活性位点的关系将为设计和合成高OER性能的氧化物催化剂提供指导原则。
{"title":"Influence of Oxygen Vacancies in La0.4Sr0.6FeO3-δ\u0000 Perovskite Oxide Nanoparticles for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Geletu Qing, Jingyi Chen","doi":"10.1149/11310.0003ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11310.0003ecst","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen vacancies are important factors to tune the performance of oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, it remains challenging how to control the concentration of the oxygen vacancies and decouple their effects on OER from other factors. In this work, we use a specific composition/phase La0.4Sr0.6FeO3-\u0000 \u0000 d\u0000 perovskite oxide as an example to tailor the oxygen vacancies of their nanoparticulate using a modified molten salt synthesis and ozone treatment. The OER performance of the resulting La0.4Sr0.6FeO3-\u0000 \u0000 d\u0000 nanoparticles with different degree of oxygen vacancies ranging from 0 to 25% are compared. The OER reactivity increases with increased oxygen vacancies in the materials, but the change is nonlinear. The OER stability, on the other hand, has a bimodal distribution. The activities of fully oxidized sample and the most oxygen-deficient sample degrade slower than the two samples in the middle. The results suggest that it is feasible to design catalysts with oxygen vacancy to be the most OER active and stable. Further investigation into the oxygen vacancy – active site relation would offer guiding principle to design and synthesize high OER performance oxide catalysts.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shunt-currents are inevitably an integrated part of a bipolar electrolyzer with a common manifold system for distribution of the electrolyte in and out of the different cell compartments. Shunt-currents represent some extra challenges when operating alkaline water-electrolyzers (AWE) with renewable energy, both with respect to energy efficiency and reduced lifetime of electrodes. These challenges multiply for increasing length of the electrolyzer-stack and limits the number of cells in the stack. This paper will explain the challenges in more detail, how it limits the operation with renewables and what are the important design criteria to mitigate the impact of shunt-currents.
{"title":"(Invited) Shunt-currents in Alkaline Water-Electrolyzers and Renewable Energy","authors":"Egil Rasten","doi":"10.1149/11309.0025ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11309.0025ecst","url":null,"abstract":"Shunt-currents are inevitably an integrated part of a bipolar electrolyzer with a common manifold system for distribution of the electrolyte in and out of the different cell compartments. Shunt-currents represent some extra challenges when operating alkaline water-electrolyzers (AWE) with renewable energy, both with respect to energy efficiency and reduced lifetime of electrodes. These challenges multiply for increasing length of the electrolyzer-stack and limits the number of cells in the stack. This paper will explain the challenges in more detail, how it limits the operation with renewables and what are the important design criteria to mitigate the impact of shunt-currents.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":"39 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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