Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Low temperature brine formation by serpentinization on asteroid (162,173) Ryugu","authors":"Guy Libourel ,&nbsp;Marc Portail ,&nbsp;Vincent Guigoz ,&nbsp;Virginie Brändli ,&nbsp;Cyrille Collin ,&nbsp;Nathalie Vigier ,&nbsp;Tomoki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Hikaru Yabuta ,&nbsp;Shogo Tachibana ,&nbsp;Cecile Engrand","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary mineral prevalence in Ryugu samples, similar to primitive carbonaceous-Ivuna type (CI) chondrites, suggests that aqueous alteration was a key factor in its formation. However, this general consensus masks our limited understanding of the specific mechanisms and environmental conditions involved in water-rock interactions on primitive asteroids. High-resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis of the ubiquitous dolomite crystals in Ryugu samples reveals concentric epitaxial overgrowths with varying levels of Mn²⁺-activated luminescence. CL panchromatic images and spectral deconvolution provide compelling evidence for the evolution of aqueous fluids toward highly saturated brines. Given the close association of dolomite with widespread intergrowths of serpentine and saponite in the matrix, we propose that brine formation occurs as a byproduct of serpentinization. Unlike large-scale evaporation or freezing, this process can locally cause the hydrothermal fluid to dry out, significantly increasing its salinity over time. This leads to the sporadic precipitation of an evaporite mineral sequence, with dolomite forming at an early stage. This serpentinization-driven brine formation model offers a convincing alternative to a purely prograde alteration history for Ryugu. It may also provide a better explanation for the alteration processes of Bennu and other CI chondrite parent bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual to multidecadal climate oscillations occurred during Cryogenian glaciation","authors":"Chloe Griffin ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Gernon ,&nbsp;Minmin Fu ,&nbsp;Elias J. Rugen ,&nbsp;Anthony M. Spencer ,&nbsp;Geoffrey Warrington ,&nbsp;Thea K. Hincks","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the two Cryogenian snowball Earth glaciations, the Sturtian (ca. 717–658 Ma) and Marinoan (ca. 639–635 Ma), ice persisted in the tropics for millions of years. Previous analyses of varves deposited before and after these glaciations have revealed climate variability linked to solar, oceanic, and atmospheric dynamics. However, to our knowledge, no evidence of sub-Milankovitch scale climatic variability has been documented during the glaciations themselves. The proposition of reduced solar luminosity in the Cryogenian, an attenuated hydrological cycle, and an expected hiatus in atmosphere-ocean interactions due to ocean freezing, raises questions regarding whether solar-ocean-atmospheric interactions continued during these glaciations. We analyze a unit of 2,640 laminites within the Sturtian Port Askaig Formation on the Garvellach Islands, Scotland, to better understand climate variability during a discrete interval of the Sturtian. Our study indicates the laminites most likely represent annual varves, reflecting seasonal freeze-thaw cycles in a deep, quiescent waterbody. Spectral analysis of laminae thickness reveals decadal and centennial periodicities consistent with present-day Schwabe and Gleissberg solar cycles, alongside interannual periodicities, likely tied to ocean-atmospheric climate modes, resembling the modern El-Niño Southern Oscillation. Our coupled Cryogenian climate simulations under varying degrees of ice coverage produce similar interannual periodicities in surface temperatures near the paleo-coordinates of the Garvellach Islands and in the tropics. This evidence reveals that solar-ocean-atmospheric interactions generated a wider range of climatic variability than expected during snowball Earth and hints at the possibility of transient unfrozen tropical waters during the Sturtian, or other yet unexplored modes of internal climate variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting oxygen isotope anomalies in NO2 and nitrate in the nocturnal atmosphere: a modeling approach","authors":"Zhuang Jiang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeqian Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxygen isotope anomaly (or mass-independent fractionation signal, Δ¹⁷O) in atmospheric nitrate has been widely used to investigate NO_x oxidation chemistry and serves as a proxy to probe atmospheric oxidation capacity. However, interpretations of Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-) measurements have heavily relied on several key assumptions that are not fully constrained nor verified by observations. With recent advances in reported Δ¹⁷O(NO₂) observations, we revisit the conventional method for computing atmospheric Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-) using detailed oxygen isotope box model simulations, focusing on Δ¹⁷O transfer during nighttime NO_x oxidation. Our model results indicate that the assumptions of photochemical steady state and unidirectional Δ¹⁷O transfer during NO₂ oxidation in previous studies are insufficient to predict nighttime Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-). Importantly, the rapid thermal decomposition of N₂O₅ facilitates oxygen isotope exchange between NO₂ and NO₃, bringing Δ¹⁷O close to equilibrium under typical atmosphere boundary layer conditions, which contrasts with the widely hypothesized unidirectional transfer of Δ¹⁷O from NO₂ to NO₃ and N₂O₅. The variations in Δ¹⁷O(NO₂) are instead controlled by multiple processes that can be categorized into two classes: (i) NO_x emissions and oxidation processes that lower Δ¹⁷O(NO₂), and (ii) the NO₂-NO₃-N₂O₅ thermal cycles that elevate it. Neglecting these factors can lead to severe overestimations of Δ¹⁷O in the produced nitrate. In our specific simulation under typical urban winter nighttime conditions, the simplification resulted in an overestimation of up to 11.6 ‰ in Δ¹⁷O of surface Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-). The deviation of daytime result was smaller but still notable at 2.5 ‰. Predicting nighttime Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-) is further complicated by stratification in the nocturnal boundary layer, which produces different Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-) between the near-surface and residual layers. Our results highlight the importance of detailed Δ¹⁷O transfer modeling for explaining atmospheric Δ¹⁷O(NO₃^-) measurements, and future studies are expected to incorporate transport and turbulent mixing processes into Δ¹⁷O modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous ejection temperatures recorded in a “low-shock” Martian meteorite by (U-Th)/He thermochronology and a high-pressure phosphate polymorph","authors":"Connor A. Diaz ,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Flowers ,&nbsp;Carolyn A. Crow ,&nbsp;James R. Metcalf ,&nbsp;Rita Economos","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the shock conditions of shergottites during their ejection from the Martian surface is important for deconvolving the pre-ejection thermal and geological history from the ejection overprint in Martian meteorite samples. Here, we investigate Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 12241 to better quantify absolute temperatures and local variability in shock-induced thermal events and implications for deciphering the Martian meteorite record. NWA 12241 is classified petrologically as low-shock based on its limited shock features. However, new Raman identification of tuite, a high-pressure phosphate polymorph, demonstrates that minimum temperatures of 1100 °C were achieved in some regions of the sample during ejection. (U-Th)/He dating of merrillite yields a wide range of dates from 2.0 ± 0.3 Ma to 191.7 ± 2.7 Ma, interpreted as the ejection and crystallization ages of NWA 12241, respectively. Thermal history modeling suggests that heterogeneous shock heating is required to explain the merrillite data distribution, with local shock temperatures of ≤570 °C necessary to account for preservation of the older dates. Together, the tuite occurrence and (U-Th)/He data support at least 530 °C (and up to 1730 °C) of variability in the peak shock temperature across this small (7.21 g, ∼4 cm) sample. These findings highlight intense thermal heterogeneity and localized high-temperature microenvironments in an otherwise low-shock meteorite, illustrating the value of (U-Th)/He thermochronology for refining interpretations of localized shock effects in Martian meteorites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen in strongly peraluminous granites reveals a significant increase in biomass burial and O2 production prior to the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event","authors":"Fawn S.M. Holland ,&nbsp;Eva E. Stüeken ,&nbsp;Wei Dan ,&nbsp;Wenxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Sami Mikhail","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strongly Peraluminous Granites (SPGs) are mostly formed by the partial melting of Al-rich sedimentary rocks and can reflect the chemical properties of their sedimentary protoliths. Recent work suggests that the nitrogen content ([N]) of SPGs preserve changes in biomass burial over time (Mikhail et al., 2024). This mechanism occurs because in unaltered samples, SPGs with elevated [N] are thought to reflect the elevated [N] of their sedimentary protolith, and this additional nitrogen would come from sediment-hosted biomass. This archive reveals an increase in biomass burial by a factor of 5- to 8-fold between 1.4–0.5 Ga. In this study, we analysed the nitrogen abundances and isotopic values of SPG samples from 1.0 to 0.7 Ga to better resolve the period when biomass burial increased. We find that SPG [N] increases 2.4-fold across the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic boundary at 1.0 Ga and 2.8-fold across the Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary at 0.5 Ga. Therefore, with consideration of the time lag from biomass burial to SPG formation, we suggest that biomass burial first began to increase in the late Mesoproterozoic. Biomass burial removes organic carbon, a reductant, from Earth’s surface, causing a net production of O₂. Therefore, these data permit us to calculate an increase in O₂ production from biomass burial starting in the Mesoproterozoic, yielding an additional 6.3 × 10²⁰ to 30 × 10²⁰ moles of O₂ throughout the Neoproterozoic, possibly contributing to the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event and to the chain of events which resulted in an environment capable of supporting animal life in the Cambrian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119890"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low δ30Si values in olivine-hosted melt inclusions trace sediment contributions to subduction zone melts","authors":"Anne-Sophie Bouvier ,&nbsp;Martin Guitreau ,&nbsp;Clémence Le Lay ,&nbsp;Muriel Laubier ,&nbsp;Estelle F. Rose-Koga","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the first high-precision silicon isotope (δ³⁰Si) measurements of olivine-hosted melt inclusions (OHMIs) and their host olivine crystals using laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS). We analyzed samples from two contrasting tectonic settings: three mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and four island arc volcanic rocks. Our results reveal systematic differences in silicon isotope compositions between these two environments. MORB samples show internally consistent δ³⁰Si values in both melt inclusions and host olivine crystals, with isotopic fractionation between phases suggesting equilibrium crystallization processes in MORB magmas. In contrast, arc samples display greater heterogeneity and systematically lower δ³⁰Si values that deviate from equilibrium fractionation factors between olivine and melt. The absence of a correlation with the degree of polymerization of the silicate melt (NBO/T) indicates that these isotopic signatures are not controlled by melt structure. The coupling of low δ³⁰Si and high δ¹⁸O values suggests significant contributions from subducted sedimentary materials, particularly siliceous components, to the arc magma source. Our results demonstrate that OHMIs preserve small-scale Si isotope heterogeneities which are invisible at the bulk rock scale. This work highlights the potential of <em>in situ</em> silicon isotope analysis of melt inclusions and their host crystals to trace magmatic processes and source contributions in different tectonic environments, hence providing new insights into the geochemical evolution of arc magmas and the role of subducted materials in mantle heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled tectonic and surface processes in the Guerrero forearc, Mexico: Insights from the basin-averaged erosion rates","authors":"Krzysztof Gaidzik ,&nbsp;María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex interactions among erosion, tectonic uplift, and climate are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms that drive landscape evolution and govern the recycling of crustal materials. In this study, we used basin-averaged erosion rates based on ¹⁰Be concentrations in river sediments from eight medium- to large-sized drainage basins across the Guerrero forearc to investigate the interplay between lithology, climatic conditions, and tectonic factors in shaping the topography above the flat-slab subduction zone. The calculated erosion rates range from &lt;0.5 to &gt;0.8 mm/yr and show an apparent eastward increase. This spatial pattern appears to be primarily controlled by the tectonic processes associated with the subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath the North American Plate, particularly the seismogenic activity of crustal faults, with climate variability exerting a secondary influence and limited lithology impact. The eastward increase in erosion rates across the Guerrero forearc appears to correspond to the activity of trench-parallel, W-striking crustal faults, most notably the La Venta Fault, and aligns with observed patterns of exhumation rates, increasing convergence rate, and roughness of the subducting Cocos Plate. The relatively low erosion rates may be attributed to the flat-slab subduction observed in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone, consistent with global observations that associate forearc regions above flat slabs with reduced erosion rates. A secondary climatic influence on erosion patterns is indicated by correlations with mean annual discharge and the potential impact of extreme precipitation events at the individual basin scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical controls on the formation of lithium brines in closed-basins of the Lithium Triangle","authors":"Gordon D.Z. Williams ,&nbsp;Julien Barre ,&nbsp;Pascale Louvat ,&nbsp;Sylvain Bérail ,&nbsp;Romain Millot ,&nbsp;Avner Vengosh","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable lithium mining is critical to the renewable energy transition. Closed-basin brines are a major source of lithium yet the processes governing lithium enrichment remain poorly understood. In the Lithium Triangle (LT) of South America, hypersaline brines display anomalously high lithium concentrations including at the Salar de Uyuni (SDU) in Bolivia. Using new geochemical and isotopic data from the SDU, Bolivia, we update the accepted conceptual model of evaporative concentration and sequential mineral precipitation based on the formation of calcite, gypsum, and halite. Here we identify ulexite (Na-Ca-borate) precipitation as a previously overlooked but key process in the evaporative evolution of inflow waters that fundamentally alters brine chemistry prior to halite saturation. Additionally, we reveal that surficial brines are largely disconnected from the major lithium inflow, and instead their chemistries are controlled by cyclic halite dissolution-precipitation, leading to the conservative enrichment of solutes like lithium, boron, and magnesium. We suggest that deep brines exploited for lithium extraction are fossil and reflect different stages of evaporation, while modern processes make little contribution to the solute and lithium balance. This new conceptual model revises the classic geochemical pathway and has broad implications for lithium brines and resource sustainability across the LT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusually tight bending of subducting pacific plate causes the extreme depth of challenger deep","authors":"Jiangyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Robert J. Stern ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Lin ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Challenger Deep in the southernmost Mariana Trench is the deepest area on Earth, yet the physical cause of its exceptional depth remains debated. Here, we quantify the mechanical factors that produce this extreme trench relief and explain why it occurs there. Bathymetric analysis shows that this segment exhibits a steeper outer-trench slope and tighter plate curvature than both the northern Mariana and other global trenches. Applying a buoyancy-loaded elastic plate bending model constrained by bathymetry and deep slab geometry, we isolate two key controls on trench depth through forward and inversion tests: a reduced near-trench elastic thickness and a moderate slab–mantle density contrast. Additional two-dimensional flexure experiments demonstrate that narrower slab segments experience greater deflection under the same load, implying that limited along-strike width mechanically enhances local bending. This effect is realized in nature by a slab tear near 144°30′ E, which isolates a narrow, weakly anchored slab tip and thereby concentrates curvature at the Challenger Deep. Our results suggest that the extreme depth of the Challenger Deep arises from the combined effects of slab negative buoyancy, lithospheric weakening, and slab segmentation, which together localize flexure to produce the deepest trench on Earth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 119886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beating sound of passive degassing at an open-vent volcano captured by combined infrasonic and SO2 flux observations","authors":"D. Delle Donne ,&nbsp;G. Lacanna ,&nbsp;A. Aiuppa ,&nbsp;M. Bitetto ,&nbsp;G. Ulivieri ,&nbsp;F. Biagioli ,&nbsp;G. Lo Bue Trisciuzzi ,&nbsp;M. Ripepe","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volcanic degassing is a key manifestation of volcanic activity, and offers crucial insights into the subtle changes in volcano behavior during unrest and prior to eruption. However, accurately assessing gas emission rates remains difficult, and the implementation of gas flux sensing techniques is one of the most pressing challenges in modern volcanology. Here, we present two years of continuous measurements (April 2017–March 2019) of the SO₂ flux and infrasound associated with volcanic degassing at Stromboli volcano (Italy). We show that degassing can be tracked in space and time following changes in infrasonic activity during persistent Strombolian activity. By modeling gas expansion within the conduit, we convert ∼10 million infrasonic signals into equivalent gas fluxes associated with puffing and spattering activity. Our results and calculations from both methodologies indicate a total magmatic gas emission rate ranging between 10 and 100 m³/s. We find this volumetric rate to be almost entirely accounted for by the acoustically-derived gas flux, both in terms of total volume released and the spatial distribution of the degassing sources. Our results open new avenues to interpreting passive degassing at open-vent volcanoes, and demonstrate the potential of infrasound as a valuable tool for quantifying gas emissions in such systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 119846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}