Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104785
Liuwen Xia , Jian Cao , Tingting Wang , Wenxuan Hu , Dongming Zhi , Yong Tang
Alkaline lakes are significant for exploring the evolution of life, reconstructions of environments, and exploration and exploitation of energy resources; however, despite modern alkaline lakes being widely distributed on Earth, deep-time (pre-Neogene) examples are scarce, in general, compared with other types of saline lake deposits (e.g., chloride and sulfate salts). This raises the question as to whether this scarcity is due to their extreme formation conditions or because they have yet to be discovered, owing to the difficulty in identification of these deep-time lakes. This paper addresses this question by analyzing the distribution and formation mechanisms of modern alkaline lakes in order to interpret the past based on the present. These results indicate that alkaline lakes can be identified from the presence of alkali minerals, such as trona and nahcolite, and heavy N isotopes (>10‰) caused by NH3 volatilization. Modern alkaline lakes can be classified into two main types, including those in tectonically active and inland arid zones. Their formation mechanisms are controlled by multiple factors, such as a (semi-)closed basin geography, (semi-)arid climate that favors high degrees of evaporation, and the presence of strongly alkaline fluids that are rich in HCO3− and CO32−. The formation mechanisms of discovered deep-time alkaline lakes are similar to those of modern examples. The δ13C, and δ18O of carbonates, Mg/Ca, chemical index of alteration, and chemical index of weathering indicate that deep-time alkaline lakes were also generally deposited in (semi-)closed basins with a (semi-)arid climate, which were conducive to strong evaporation and concentration of saline waters. Furthermore, chemical weathering and hydrolysis of silicate minerals, volcanic–hydrothermal activity and circulation of basinal brines, and microbially mediated processes also produced alkaline fluids rich in HCO3− and CO32− necessary for the formation of ancient alkaline lakes. Alkaline lakes should be widespread throughout geological history, but may be poorly preserved in old stratigraphic sequences or difficultly in identification because of their limited outcrop and depth. Future studies of evaporite mineralogy and the N isotope geochemistry of ancient saline lacustrine basins are necessary to further our understanding of their identification and formation mechanisms. Such studies should also investigate the favorable development zones, characteristics of organic matter accumulation, astrobiology, etc.
碱性湖泊对于探索生命进化、重建环境以及勘探和开发能源资源具有重要意义；然而，尽管现代碱性湖泊在地球上广泛分布，但与其他类型的盐湖沉积物（如氯化物和硫酸盐）相比，深时（新近纪以前）的例子总体上很少。这就提出了一个问题：这种稀缺性是由于其极端的形成条件造成的，还是由于这些深时湖泊难以识别而尚未被发现造成的。本文针对这一问题，分析了现代碱性湖泊的分布和形成机制，以便根据现在解释过去。这些结果表明，碱性湖泊可从碱金属矿物（如褐铁矿和钠长石）的存在和 NH 挥发造成的重 N 同位素（>10‰）来识别。现代碱性湖泊可分为两大类，包括构造活跃区和内陆干旱区的湖泊。它们的形成机制受多种因素控制，如（半）封闭的盆地地理、有利于高蒸发的（半）干旱气候以及富含 HCO 和 CO 的强碱性流体的存在。已发现的深时空碱性湖泊的形成机制与现代湖泊的形成机制相似。碳酸盐的δC和δO、Mg/Ca、蚀变化学指数和风化化学指数表明，深部时间碱性湖泊一般也沉积在气候（半）干旱的（半）封闭盆地中，有利于盐水的强烈蒸发和浓缩。此外，硅酸盐矿物的化学风化和水解、火山热液活动和基底盐水循环以及微生物介导的过程也产生了富含 HCO 和 CO 的碱性流体，这些都是古代碱性湖泊形成的必要条件。碱性湖泊应广泛存在于地质历史中，但可能在古老的地层序列中保存较少，或因出露和深度有限而难以识别。未来有必要对古盐湖盆地的蒸发岩矿物学和 N 同位素地球化学进行研究，以进一步了解其识别和形成机制。此类研究还应调查有利的发展区、有机物质积累的特点、天体生物学等。
{"title":"Deep-time alkaline lake enigma: Rare or undiscovered?","authors":"Liuwen Xia , Jian Cao , Tingting Wang , Wenxuan Hu , Dongming Zhi , Yong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkaline lakes are significant for exploring the evolution of life, reconstructions of environments, and exploration and exploitation of energy resources; however, despite modern alkaline lakes being widely distributed on Earth, deep-time (pre-Neogene) examples are scarce, in general, compared with other types of saline lake deposits (e.g., chloride and sulfate salts). This raises the question as to whether this scarcity is due to their extreme formation conditions or because they have yet to be discovered, owing to the difficulty in identification of these deep-time lakes. This paper addresses this question by analyzing the distribution and formation mechanisms of modern alkaline lakes in order to interpret the past based on the present. These results indicate that alkaline lakes can be identified from the presence of alkali minerals, such as trona and nahcolite, and heavy N isotopes (>10‰) caused by NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. Modern alkaline lakes can be classified into two main types, including those in tectonically active and inland arid zones. Their formation mechanisms are controlled by multiple factors, such as a (semi-)closed basin geography, (semi-)arid climate that favors high degrees of evaporation, and the presence of strongly alkaline fluids that are rich in HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>. The formation mechanisms of discovered deep-time alkaline lakes are similar to those of modern examples. The δ<sup>13</sup>C, and δ<sup>18</sup>O of carbonates, Mg/Ca, chemical index of alteration, and chemical index of weathering indicate that deep-time alkaline lakes were also generally deposited in (semi-)closed basins with a (semi-)arid climate, which were conducive to strong evaporation and concentration of saline waters. Furthermore, chemical weathering and hydrolysis of silicate minerals, volcanic–hydrothermal activity and circulation of basinal brines, and microbially mediated processes also produced alkaline fluids rich in HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> necessary for the formation of ancient alkaline lakes. Alkaline lakes should be widespread throughout geological history, but may be poorly preserved in old stratigraphic sequences or difficultly in identification because of their limited outcrop and depth. Future studies of evaporite mineralogy and the N isotope geochemistry of ancient saline lacustrine basins are necessary to further our understanding of their identification and formation mechanisms. Such studies should also investigate the favorable development zones, characteristics of organic matter accumulation, astrobiology, etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Pangea as Earth's youngest supercontinent has continuously served as a pivotal reference mark in paleogeographic reconstructions, its assembly is still a matter of debate. This is mainly due to poor paleomagnetic data coverage for Permian times for Africa, core element of Pangea. Paleomagnetic data from Adria, thought to be the African promontory in the Permian, yield paleolatitudes which, when compared to the European data set, result in a significant continental overlap and seem to confirm the original Pangea B concept of Irving (1977). In order to improve the paleomagnetic data situation for Africa, volcanic and sedimentary rocks were sampled in the Permo-Carboniferous basins of Morocco, yielding a total of 97 sites and 615 samples. Rock magnetic results are diagnostic for magnetite and hematite in various proportions as main carriers of the paleomagnetic signal. After removal of low and intermediate coercivity/blocking temperature components a characteristic component of magnetization pointing to the SE with declinations strung out along a small circle from 107° to 182° and with inclinations around −7° after tectonic correction was identified in 76% of the samples. In nine out of the ten basins studied, positive inclination only fold tests support the primary character of magnetization. Furthermore, three reversals were identified at the basins of M'Tal, Chougrane and Souk El Had Bouhsoussene lending further support to our interpretation of primary magnetization. VGPs are distributed along a NE-SW trending small circle band intersecting the Late Paleozoic segment of the Gondwana APWP with a rotation pole located in the sampling area. The resulting paleolatitudes yield a position of the Meseta block close to the paleo-equator at ∼280 Ma. The widespread presence of vertical axis rotations in the Meseta basins on the other hand, could be related to proposed intra-Pangea shear zones and would provide additional constraints on the extent of such shear zones towards the northern margin of Gondwana. However, tectonic models based on vertical axis rotations in this region need to be treated with caution, since the timing of these rotations remains ambiguous with the current data situation. Using our paleomagnetic data from the Meseta block as representative for Gondwana, a large latitudinal overlap between Gondwana and Laurussia is not required.
尽管潘加大陆作为地球上最年轻的超级大陆一直是古地理重建的重要参考标志，但它的形成仍是一个争论不休的问题。这主要是由于潘加大陆的核心部分非洲在二叠纪时期的古地磁数据覆盖率较低。阿德里亚被认为是二叠纪的非洲岬角，其古地理学数据与欧洲数据集相比，显示出明显的大陆重叠，似乎证实了 Irving（1977 年）最初提出的 Pangea B 概念。为了改善非洲的古地磁数据状况，对摩洛哥二叠纪盆地的火山岩和沉积岩进行了采样，共采集了 97 个地点和 615 个样本。岩石磁性结果显示，不同比例的磁铁矿和赤铁矿是古地磁信号的主要载体。在剔除了低矫顽力和中等矫顽力/阻挡温度成分后，76% 的样本确定了磁化的特征成分，该成分指向东南方，沿着 107° 至 182° 的小圆圈呈下降趋势，经构造校正后倾角约为 -7°。在所研究的十个盆地中，有九个盆地的正倾角褶皱测试证明了磁化的主要特征。此外，在 M'Tal、Chougrane 和 Souk El Had Bouhsoussene 盆地还发现了三个反转，进一步支持了我们对原生磁化的解释。VGPs 沿东北-西南走向的小圆带分布，与冈瓦纳 APWP 晚古生代地段相交，其旋转极位于取样区域。由此得出的古纬度结果表明，在 ∼ 280 Ma 时，Meseta 区块的位置接近古赤道。另一方面，Meseta 盆地中广泛存在的垂直轴旋转可能与拟议的泛大陆内部剪切带有关，并将为此类剪切带向冈瓦纳北部边缘的范围提供额外的约束。然而，基于该地区垂直轴旋转的构造模型需要谨慎对待，因为根据目前的数据情况，这些旋转的时间仍然不明确。以我们从梅塞塔区块获得的古地磁数据作为冈瓦纳的代表，冈瓦纳和劳鲁西亚之间并不需要有很大的纬度重叠。
{"title":"Tectonic imprints in Permian paleomagnetic data of Morocco","authors":"Vinzenz Weissbrodt , Valerian Bachtadse , Uwe Kirscher , Hafid Saber , Yebo Liu , Ausonio Ronchi","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although Pangea as Earth's youngest supercontinent has continuously served as a pivotal reference mark in paleogeographic reconstructions, its assembly is still a matter of debate. This is mainly due to poor paleomagnetic data coverage for Permian times for Africa, core element of Pangea. Paleomagnetic data from Adria, thought to be the African promontory in the Permian, yield paleolatitudes which, when compared to the European data set, result in a significant continental overlap and seem to confirm the original Pangea B concept of <span>Irving (1977)</span>. In order to improve the paleomagnetic data situation for Africa, volcanic and sedimentary rocks were sampled in the Permo-Carboniferous basins of Morocco, yielding a total of 97 sites and 615 samples. Rock magnetic results are diagnostic for magnetite and hematite in various proportions as main carriers of the paleomagnetic signal. After removal of low and intermediate coercivity/blocking temperature components a characteristic component of magnetization pointing to the SE with declinations strung out along a small circle from 107° to 182° and with inclinations around −7° after tectonic correction was identified in 76% of the samples. In nine out of the ten basins studied, positive inclination only fold tests support the primary character of magnetization. Furthermore, three reversals were identified at the basins of M'Tal, Chougrane and Souk El Had Bouhsoussene lending further support to our interpretation of primary magnetization. VGPs are distributed along a NE-SW trending small circle band intersecting the Late Paleozoic segment of the Gondwana APWP with a rotation pole located in the sampling area. The resulting paleolatitudes yield a position of the Meseta block close to the paleo-equator at ∼280 Ma. The widespread presence of vertical axis rotations in the Meseta basins on the other hand, could be related to proposed intra-Pangea shear zones and would provide additional constraints on the extent of such shear zones towards the northern margin of Gondwana. However, tectonic models based on vertical axis rotations in this region need to be treated with caution, since the timing of these rotations remains ambiguous with the current data situation. Using our paleomagnetic data from the Meseta block as representative for Gondwana, a large latitudinal overlap between Gondwana and Laurussia is not required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001144/pdfft?md5=dade611f68418703f9dbc9c1f1bc9938&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782
Daniel H. Mann , Benjamin V. Gaglioti
The Northwest Coast of North America stretches 4000 km from Bering Strait to Washington State. Here we review the history of glaciation, sea level, oceanography, and climate along the Northwest Coast and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation. The period of interest is Marine Isotope Stage 2 between ca. 29,000 calendar years ago (29 ka) and 11,700 calendar years ago (11.7 ka). The glacial history of the Northwest Coast involved multiple glacial systems responding independently to latitudinal variations in climate caused by changes in the North American ice sheets and in the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. Glaciers reached their maximum extents 1–5 kyrs later along the Northwest Coast than did large sectors of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets. Local, Last Glacial Maxima were reached in a time-transgressive, north to south sequence between southwestern Alaska and Puget Sound. The history of relative sea level along the Northwest Coast during Marine Isotope Stage 2 was complex because of rapid isostatic adjustments by a thin lithosphere to these time-transgressive glacial fluctuations. Multiple lines of evidence suggest Bering Strait was first flooded by the sea after 11 ka and that it probably did not assume its present-day oceanographic functions until after 9 ka. The coldest intervals occurred during Heinrich Event 2 (ca. 26–23.5 ka), again between ca. 23 and 21.5 ka, and during Heinrich Event 1 (ca. 18–15 ka). During these times, mean annual sea surface temperatures cooled by 5o to 8o C in the Gulf of Alaska, and glacial equilibrium-line altitudes fell below present sea level in southern Alaska and along the Aleutian Island chain. Sea ice episodically expanded across the subarctic Pacific in winter. Oceanographic changes in the Gulf of Alaska tracked variations in the vigor of the Asian Summer Monsoon. The deglaciation of the Northwest Coast may have served as the trigger for global climate changes during deglaciation. Starting ca. 21 ka, marine-based glaciers there were increasingly destabilized by rising eustatic sea level and influxes of freshwater and heat associated with the rejuvenation of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Rapid retreat of marine-based glaciers began ca. 19 ka and released large numbers of ice bergs and vast amounts of freshwater into the Northeast Pacific. Resultant cooling of the North Pacific may have been teleconnected to the North Atlantic through the atmosphere, where it slowed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and initiated the global effects of Heinrich Event 1, ca. 18–15 ka. During the Younger Dryas, ca. 12.8–11.7 ka, mean annual sea surface temperatures were 4o to 6o C cooler than today in the Gulf of Alaska, and sea ice again expanded across the subarctic Pacific in winter. Conditions of extreme seasonality characterized by cold, dry winters and warm, steadily ameliorating summers caused by the southward d
北美西北海岸从白令海峡到华盛顿州绵延 4000 公里。在此，我们回顾了末次冰川极盛时期和冰川消融时期西北海岸和太平洋亚北极地区的冰川、海平面、海洋学和气候历史。我们关注的时期是海洋同位素第二阶段，即距今约 29,000 公历年前（29 ka）至 11,700 公历年前（11.7 ka）。西北海岸的冰川史涉及多个冰川系统，它们独立应对北美冰盖和热带海洋大气系统变化造成的气候纬度变化。西北海岸冰川达到其最大范围的时间比劳伦泰德冰原和芬诺斯坎迪亚冰原的大片冰川晚 1-5 千年。在阿拉斯加西南部和普吉特海湾之间，当地的末次冰川极盛期是按照从北到南的时间顺序到达的。在海洋同位素阶段 2 期间，西北海岸的相对海平面历史非常复杂，因为岩石圈很薄，对这些跨越时间的冰川波动进行了快速等静力调整。多种证据表明，白令海峡在 11 ka 年后首次被海水淹没，可能要到 9 ka 年后才具有今天的海洋功能。最冷的时期出现在海因里希事件 2（约 26-23.5 ka）、约 23-21.5 ka 和海因里希事件 1（约 18-15 ka）期间。在这些时期，阿拉斯加湾的年平均海面温度降低了 5 至 8 摄氏度，阿拉斯加南部和阿留申岛链沿岸的冰川平衡线高度下降到现在的海平面以下。海冰在整个亚北极太平洋冬季偶有扩大。阿拉斯加湾的海洋学变化追踪着亚洲夏季季风的强度变化。西北海岸的降冰期可能是降冰期全球气候变化的导火索。从大约 21 ka 开始，由于海平面的上升以及与亚洲夏季季风恢复有关的淡水和热量的涌入，以海洋为基础的冰川越来越不稳定。大约在 19 ka 时，海洋冰川开始迅速后退，大量冰山和淡水涌入东北太平洋。由此导致的北太平洋冷却可能通过大气层与北大西洋遥相呼应，减缓了大西洋经向翻转环流，并引发了海因里希事件 1（约 18-15 ka）的全球影响。在约 12.8-11.7 ka 的小干期，阿拉斯加湾的年平均海面温度比现在低 4 至 6 摄氏度，海冰在冬季再次扩展到整个亚北极太平洋。冬季阿留申低气压向南分流造成冬季寒冷干燥、夏季温暖且持续改善的极端季节性条件，这可能解释了西北沿岸地区以前神秘的少干世气候记录。
{"title":"The Northeast Pacific Ocean and Northwest Coast of North America within the global climate system, 29,000 to 11,700 years ago","authors":"Daniel H. Mann , Benjamin V. Gaglioti","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Northwest Coast of North America stretches 4000 km from Bering Strait to Washington State. Here we review the history of glaciation, sea level, oceanography, and climate along the Northwest Coast and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation. The period of interest is Marine Isotope Stage 2 between ca. 29,000 calendar years ago (29 ka) and 11,700 calendar years ago (11.7 ka). The glacial history of the Northwest Coast involved multiple glacial systems responding independently to latitudinal variations in climate caused by changes in the North American ice sheets and in the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. Glaciers reached their maximum extents 1–5 kyrs later along the Northwest Coast than did large sectors of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets. Local, Last Glacial Maxima were reached in a time-transgressive, north to south sequence between southwestern Alaska and Puget Sound. The history of relative sea level along the Northwest Coast during Marine Isotope Stage 2 was complex because of rapid isostatic adjustments by a thin lithosphere to these time-transgressive glacial fluctuations. Multiple lines of evidence suggest Bering Strait was first flooded by the sea after 11 ka and that it probably did not assume its present-day oceanographic functions until after 9 ka. The coldest intervals occurred during Heinrich Event 2 (ca. 26–23.5 ka), again between ca. 23 and 21.5 ka, and during Heinrich Event 1 (ca. 18–15 ka). During these times, mean annual sea surface temperatures cooled by 5<sup>o</sup> to 8<sup>o</sup> C in the Gulf of Alaska, and glacial equilibrium-line altitudes fell below present sea level in southern Alaska and along the Aleutian Island chain. Sea ice episodically expanded across the subarctic Pacific in winter. Oceanographic changes in the Gulf of Alaska tracked variations in the vigor of the Asian Summer Monsoon. The deglaciation of the Northwest Coast may have served as the trigger for global climate changes during deglaciation. Starting ca. 21 ka, marine-based glaciers there were increasingly destabilized by rising eustatic sea level and influxes of freshwater and heat associated with the rejuvenation of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Rapid retreat of marine-based glaciers began ca. 19 ka and released large numbers of ice bergs and vast amounts of freshwater into the Northeast Pacific. Resultant cooling of the North Pacific may have been teleconnected to the North Atlantic through the atmosphere, where it slowed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and initiated the global effects of Heinrich Event 1, ca. 18–15 ka. During the Younger Dryas, ca. 12.8–11.7 ka, mean annual sea surface temperatures were 4<sup>o</sup> to 6<sup>o</sup> C cooler than today in the Gulf of Alaska, and sea ice again expanded across the subarctic Pacific in winter. Conditions of extreme seasonality characterized by cold, dry winters and warm, steadily ameliorating summers caused by the southward d","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001090/pdfft?md5=ca4f1d7a422d2cfb8de2b3e718f7495a&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104786
Umberto Samuele D'Ettorre, Isabella Serena Liso, Mario Parise
Desertification in karst is an effect of climate change and not sustainable anthropogenic activities, the combination of which, however, causes the gradual loss of karst natural resources, such as soil, vegetation, and groundwater. A considerable percentage of global karst areas is found in drylands, characterized by negative water balance and scarce presence of soils. High fragility of the karst environment, and its vulnerability to land degradation and pollution because of the peculiar anisotropic setting, environmental dynamics, and of the direct connection between the surface and the subsurface, are at the origin of the severe problems deriving from desertification processes in karst. In addition to natural drivers, such as geology and topography, karst desertification is generally due to four main factors, mostly or partly related to human activity: deforestation, improper land use, groundwater overexploitation, and climate changes. Through the analysis of a collection of studies conducted in several karst territories around the world, the present paper aims to provide an overview of the processes leading to desertification risks in karst areas. Emphasizing the need to preserve these fragile environments, characterized by peculiar features and precious freshwater resources, this review summarizes the main situations at the global scale of rocky desertification in karst, at the same time providing indications for developing innovative and multi-disciplinary approaches addressed toward mitigation of the risk related to desertification in karst.
{"title":"Desertification in karst areas: A review","authors":"Umberto Samuele D'Ettorre, Isabella Serena Liso, Mario Parise","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Desertification in karst is an effect of climate change and not sustainable anthropogenic activities, the combination of which, however, causes the gradual loss of karst natural resources, such as soil, vegetation, and groundwater. A considerable percentage of global karst areas is found in drylands, characterized by negative water balance and scarce presence of soils. High fragility of the karst environment, and its vulnerability to land degradation and pollution because of the peculiar anisotropic setting, environmental dynamics, and of the direct connection between the surface and the subsurface, are at the origin of the severe problems deriving from desertification processes in karst. In addition to natural drivers, such as geology and topography, karst desertification is generally due to four main factors, mostly or partly related to human activity: deforestation, improper land use, groundwater overexploitation, and climate changes. Through the analysis of a collection of studies conducted in several karst territories around the world, the present paper aims to provide an overview of the processes leading to desertification risks in karst areas. Emphasizing the need to preserve these fragile environments, characterized by peculiar features and precious freshwater resources, this review summarizes the main situations at the global scale of rocky desertification in karst, at the same time providing indications for developing innovative and multi-disciplinary approaches addressed toward mitigation of the risk related to desertification in karst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104788
Theresa J. Orr , Eric M. Roberts
Paleosols are unrivaled terrestrial archives of paleoclimatic, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental conditions, yet their full utility and potential for unlocking critical information about past ecosystems, as well as their comparability with other records, is dependent upon the quality and thoroughness of such studies. To help standardize communication and compatibility in and between paleopedology studies, a systematic review was conducted with the goal of providing a “field-guide” for helping investigators approach paleosol identification, description, classification. A paleosol logging sheet template was developed to help standardize field data collection and note taking, which includes a list of 30 items that should ideally be described. An accompanying sample log sheet was also developed to assist with collection of key data during the sampling phase of paleosol investigations. Based on this review, we conclude that examination of fresh surfaces focusing on horizonation, color, structure (peds), pedogenic features, mineral accumulations, and bioturbation (burrows/chambers and root traces) is critical to all paleosol investigations and standard field testing should include color of the paleosol matrix and mottles present, carbonate content, redoximorphic conditions, and presence of organic matter. To further facilitate this work, we have illustrated and tabulated key paleosol features and classification schemes, including horizon determination and classification; ped determination and classification; mottle description; mineral accumulation description/morphology; burrow/chamber morphology and description; and rhizolith morphology and classification. In addition, a review of best practices in the collection of samples for subsequent laboratory analyses and paleoenvironmental interpretations is presented.
{"title":"A review and field guide for the standardized description and sampling of paleosols","authors":"Theresa J. Orr , Eric M. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paleosols are unrivaled terrestrial archives of paleoclimatic, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental conditions, yet their full utility and potential for unlocking critical information about past ecosystems, as well as their comparability with other records, is dependent upon the quality and thoroughness of such studies. To help standardize communication and compatibility in and between paleopedology studies, a systematic review was conducted with the goal of providing a “field-guide” for helping investigators approach paleosol identification, description, classification. A paleosol logging sheet template was developed to help standardize field data collection and note taking, which includes a list of 30 items that should ideally be described. An accompanying sample log sheet was also developed to assist with collection of key data during the sampling phase of paleosol investigations. Based on this review, we conclude that examination of fresh surfaces focusing on horizonation, color, structure (peds), pedogenic features, mineral accumulations, and bioturbation (burrows/chambers and root traces) is critical to all paleosol investigations and standard field testing should include color of the paleosol matrix and mottles present, carbonate content, redoximorphic conditions, and presence of organic matter. To further facilitate this work, we have illustrated and tabulated key paleosol features and classification schemes, including horizon determination and classification; ped determination and classification; mottle description; mineral accumulation description/morphology; burrow/chamber morphology and description; and rhizolith morphology and classification. In addition, a review of best practices in the collection of samples for subsequent laboratory analyses and paleoenvironmental interpretations is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001156/pdfft?md5=bbbc497ef1fcef365d76a460bcf88c3f&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104784
Wojciech Dobiński
The article characterizes ice from the research perspective of Earth sciences applied in the natural environment of the Earth and in Cosmos. In each case, ice is defined as a mineral and monomineral rock occurring in sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic forms. It creates an icy lithosphere that completely covers icy planets and moons. Tectonic features and processes such as faults and folds, subduction as well as cryovolcanic phenomena, commonly occur in such lithosphere. On the Earth's surface, the icy lithosphere occurs in an analogous form, partially covering the land, lakes and oceans in form of glaciations and frozen water. In the Southern Hemisphere, its most spectacular example is the ice of the Antarctic continent and the accompanying shelf and sea ice, and in the Northern Hemisphere, the sea ice of the Arctic Sea and the Greenland ice sheet. Due to the specific natural conditions on Earth, the icy lithosphere here varies seasonally. Therefore, it is generally considered to be an unstable cover, which can only be seen in medium and low latitudes. Nevertheless, near the South Pole, ice may be older than 1,000,000 years. The special properties of ice from the perspective of Earth sciences include its dryness and ability to float on water. As a mineral and rock, ice cannot be a component of the atmosphere or hydrosphere, which are reserved for fluids, i.e. gases and liquids. The perception of Earth's ice should be consistent with how it is seen in Cosmos, because terrestrial conditions are unique and therefore not a valid reference point in analogical research conducted in space. The geocentric paradigm should be replaced by a cosmocentric paradigm as a matter of principle of which can be formulated as follows: The Earth is not the reference point in analogous studies of the natural environment of the celestial bodies. It is the Cosmos and celestial bodies that constitute the reference area for the Earth, and for the study of its natural environment.
{"title":"Ice universality: perception of ice, its properties and connected processes on Earth and in the extraterrestrial environment. Earth sciences perspective","authors":"Wojciech Dobiński","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article characterizes ice from the research perspective of Earth sciences applied in the natural environment of the Earth and in Cosmos. In each case, ice is defined as a mineral and monomineral rock occurring in sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic forms. It creates an icy lithosphere that completely covers icy planets and moons. Tectonic features and processes such as faults and folds, subduction as well as cryovolcanic phenomena, commonly occur in such lithosphere. On the Earth's surface, the icy lithosphere occurs in an analogous form, partially covering the land, lakes and oceans in form of glaciations and frozen water. In the Southern Hemisphere, its most spectacular example is the ice of the Antarctic continent and the accompanying shelf and sea ice, and in the Northern Hemisphere, the sea ice of the Arctic Sea and the Greenland ice sheet. Due to the specific natural conditions on Earth, the icy lithosphere here varies seasonally. Therefore, it is generally considered to be an unstable cover, which can only be seen in medium and low latitudes. Nevertheless, near the South Pole, ice may be older than 1,000,000 years. The special properties of ice from the perspective of Earth sciences include its dryness and ability to float on water. As a mineral and rock, ice cannot be a component of the atmosphere or hydrosphere, which are reserved for fluids, i.e. gases and liquids. The perception of Earth's ice should be consistent with how it is seen in Cosmos, because terrestrial conditions are unique and therefore not a valid reference point in analogical research conducted in space. The <em>geocentric paradigm</em> should be replaced by a <em>cosmocentric paradigm</em> as a matter of principle of which can be formulated as follows: The Earth is not the reference point in analogous studies of the natural environment of the celestial bodies. It is the Cosmos and celestial bodies that constitute the reference area for the Earth, and for the study of its natural environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104783
Mehdi Eshagh , Shuanggen Jin , Roland Pail , Riccardo Barzaghi , Dimitrios Tsoulis , Robert Tenzer , Pavel Novák
The gravitational field of the Earth reflects Earth's surface mass redistribution and its inner structure and dynamics. Satellite gravimetry techniques have been used to observe the Earth's external gravitational field and its temporal variations on a global scale. The global gravitational models from satellite gravimetry, typically in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients, are crucial in geodetic, geodynamic, geophysical, hydrological, glaciological, oceanographic, and many other geoscience applications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of theoretical definitions describing relationships between the spherical harmonic coefficients and different satellite gravimetry observables such as orbital perturbations in terms of satellite positions, velocities, and accelerations; satellite-to-satellite range rates; and gravitational gradients. Products and applications of the Earth's static global gravitational models are presented and discussed in the context of determination of the gravimetric geoid and physical heights, gravimetric and isostatic crustal thickness, bathymetric depths, glacier bedrock relief, sediment thickness, geostrophic and eddy currents, Earth's inertia tensor and dipole, precession and nutation parameters of the Earth's rotation, and prediction of the satellite orbital geometry. Furthermore, applications and advances of the Earth's time-variable gravitational models for monitoring large earthquakes, hydrological mass transport, Earth's rotation parameters, and vertical crustal motions (due to the glacial isostatic adjustment and other phenomena) are presented. Finally, future trends and prospects in the satellite gravimetry are discussed.
{"title":"Satellite gravimetry: Methods, products, applications, and future trends","authors":"Mehdi Eshagh , Shuanggen Jin , Roland Pail , Riccardo Barzaghi , Dimitrios Tsoulis , Robert Tenzer , Pavel Novák","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gravitational field of the Earth reflects Earth's surface mass redistribution and its inner structure and dynamics. Satellite gravimetry techniques have been used to observe the Earth's external gravitational field and its temporal variations on a global scale. The global gravitational models from satellite gravimetry, typically in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients, are crucial in geodetic, geodynamic, geophysical, hydrological, glaciological, oceanographic, and many other geoscience applications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of theoretical definitions describing relationships between the spherical harmonic coefficients and different satellite gravimetry observables such as orbital perturbations in terms of satellite positions, velocities, and accelerations; satellite-to-satellite range rates; and gravitational gradients. Products and applications of the Earth's static global gravitational models are presented and discussed in the context of determination of the gravimetric geoid and physical heights, gravimetric and isostatic crustal thickness, bathymetric depths, glacier bedrock relief, sediment thickness, geostrophic and eddy currents, Earth's inertia tensor and dipole, precession and nutation parameters of the Earth's rotation, and prediction of the satellite orbital geometry. Furthermore, applications and advances of the Earth's time-variable gravitational models for monitoring large earthquakes, hydrological mass transport, Earth's rotation parameters, and vertical crustal motions (due to the glacial isostatic adjustment and other phenomena) are presented. Finally, future trends and prospects in the satellite gravimetry are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104770
V. Delhaye-Prat , Julien Bourget , Gwladys Gaillot , Jérémie Gaillot , François Sapin , Charlotte Fillon , Jing Ye , Tim Wright , Anne-Claire Chaboureau , Nicoletta Buratti , Benoit Magnier , Andrei Belopolsky , Martine Bez , Matthew J. Heumann , Michael Sullivan , Jean-Philippe Mathieu , Simon Cole , Bryan Ladner , Jennifer Bull , Jacques-Antoine Dal
The offshore margins of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana (the “Guyanas Equatorial Margin”) have become the focus of active hydrocarbon exploration over the last decade, with significant energy resources discovered since 2015 along both the Guyana and Suriname segments of the margin. Those discoveries are mainly associated with the Late Cretaceous series of the Guyana-Suriname Basin and they shed light to a rare situation where stratigraphic traps are particularly successful. To date, the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the area has been primarily examined at margin-scale through seismic refraction, rare borehole data and sparse, regional long offset multichannel 2D seismic datasets. In this paper we combine the results from newly acquired high-resolution well data, 2D/3D seismic interpretation and 3D seismic geomorphology, to build a robust and consistent sequence stratigraphic framework and address the evolution of Cretaceous sedimentary landscapes offshore Suriname, with a particular emphasis on the Late Cretaceous strata.
The Suriname margin displays a very specific overall sequence stratigraphic evolution marked by four main phases each characterized by distinct sedimentary fluxes and related overall geometries: 1) a margin initiation phase, 2) an aggrading phase, 3) a backstepping phase and 4) a forestepping phase.
The Suriname basin initiated in the Early/Mid Jurassic after the emplacement of thick Early Jurassic volcanic series attributed to the Sierra-Leone (or Bahamas) Hotspot (phase 1). This localized early magmatic activity led to two very different configurations: a typical Volcanic Passive Margin in the east along the western border of the Demerara Plateau and a transform segment to the west (essentially along the Guyana margin). The following phase (phase 2) is characterized by the establishment of a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous mixed clastic‑carbonate platform with an overall aggradational stacking pattern observed until the Early Aptian. Phase 3 started by significant backstepping, that culminated during the Cenomanian-Turonian transition, coeval with widespread organic-rich marine shale deposition. This overall transgression occurred in four steps: (B) late Early Aptian flooding followed by renewed margin progradation; (C) Early Albian flooding and (D) Late Albian to Cenomanian flooding above the break-up unconformity and (E) the maximum backstep at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. This long-term transgressive trend is interpreted as the combination of (1) long-term eustatic rise during the early Cretaceous; (2) high rates of margin subsidence following the Aptian to Albian opening phase of the Equatorial Atlantic, and (3) relatively limited sediment supply rates along the margin at that time.
The successive, backstepping shelf-margin wedges created a distinctive stepped profile (paleo shelf-margins) that greatly impacted the geometries of the overlying Late Cretaceous sequences. D
{"title":"Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Suriname margin in the cretaceous: A sequence-stratigraphic framework","authors":"V. Delhaye-Prat , Julien Bourget , Gwladys Gaillot , Jérémie Gaillot , François Sapin , Charlotte Fillon , Jing Ye , Tim Wright , Anne-Claire Chaboureau , Nicoletta Buratti , Benoit Magnier , Andrei Belopolsky , Martine Bez , Matthew J. Heumann , Michael Sullivan , Jean-Philippe Mathieu , Simon Cole , Bryan Ladner , Jennifer Bull , Jacques-Antoine Dal","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The offshore margins of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana (the “Guyanas Equatorial Margin”) have become the focus of active hydrocarbon exploration over the last decade, with significant energy resources discovered since 2015 along both the Guyana and Suriname segments of the margin. Those discoveries are mainly associated with the Late Cretaceous series of the Guyana-Suriname Basin and they shed light to a rare situation where stratigraphic traps are particularly successful. To date, the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the area has been primarily examined at margin-scale through seismic refraction, rare borehole data and sparse, regional long offset multichannel 2D seismic datasets. In this paper we combine the results from newly acquired high-resolution well data, 2D/3D seismic interpretation and 3D seismic geomorphology, to build a robust and consistent sequence stratigraphic framework and address the evolution of Cretaceous sedimentary landscapes offshore Suriname, with a particular emphasis on the Late Cretaceous strata.</p><p>The Suriname margin displays a very specific overall sequence stratigraphic evolution marked by four main phases each characterized by distinct sedimentary fluxes and related overall geometries: 1) a margin initiation phase, 2) an aggrading phase, 3) a backstepping phase and 4) a forestepping phase.</p><p>The Suriname basin initiated in the Early/Mid Jurassic after the emplacement of thick Early Jurassic volcanic series attributed to the Sierra-Leone (or Bahamas) Hotspot (phase 1). This localized early magmatic activity led to two very different configurations: a typical Volcanic Passive Margin in the east along the western border of the Demerara Plateau and a transform segment to the west (essentially along the Guyana margin). The following phase (phase 2) is characterized by the establishment of a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous mixed clastic‑carbonate platform with an overall aggradational stacking pattern observed until the Early Aptian. Phase 3 started by significant backstepping, that culminated during the Cenomanian-Turonian transition, coeval with widespread organic-rich marine shale deposition. This overall transgression occurred in four steps: (B) late Early Aptian flooding followed by renewed margin progradation; (C) Early Albian flooding and (D) Late Albian to Cenomanian flooding above the break-up unconformity and (E) the maximum backstep at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary.<!--> <!--> This long-term transgressive trend is interpreted as the combination of (1) long-term eustatic rise during the early Cretaceous; (2) high rates of margin subsidence following the Aptian to Albian opening phase of the Equatorial Atlantic, and (3) relatively limited sediment supply rates along the margin at that time.</p><p>The successive, backstepping shelf-margin wedges created a distinctive stepped profile (paleo shelf-margins) that greatly impacted the geometries of the overlying Late Cretaceous sequences. D","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104775
Hossein Hamidifar, Michael Nones, Pawel M. Rowinski
Accurate flood mapping is crucial for enhancing community resilience in the face of flooding. Among the several factors that affect the flood extent, the effect of fluvial dynamics is not clearly recognized so far. Fluvial dynamics play an important role in shaping the patterns and magnitudes of water flow and sediment transport in riverine environments, that consequently affect flood extent. By conducting a scoping review, this paper aims to show how the river's hydrological processes and channel morphology impact floods and flood mapping. To do that, previous studies dealing with flood modeling have been explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between fluvial dynamics and flood mapping outcomes. The results showed that morphodynamic variations and sediment transport impact flooding differently depending on local morphological conditions. Some studies indicate that these processes can increase the likelihood of flooding, potentially posing greater risks to nearby areas. Conversely, other research suggests that these morphodynamic variations may help reduce flood occurrences, signaling a nuanced relationship between river morphology and flood dynamics. Additionally, it was found that while bed-load movements significantly influence the synchronization of peak water surface elevation and peak flow times, suspended sediment concentration has minimal impact on the timing and shape of the hydrograph. The results emphasize the crucial role of integrating fluvial hydro-morphodynamics into flood mapping to enhance flood management in riverine environments, contributing to both increased resilience and broader sustainable development goals.
{"title":"Flood modeling and fluvial dynamics: A scoping review on the role of sediment transport","authors":"Hossein Hamidifar, Michael Nones, Pawel M. Rowinski","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate flood mapping is crucial for enhancing community resilience in the face of flooding. Among the several factors that affect the flood extent, the effect of fluvial dynamics is not clearly recognized so far. Fluvial dynamics play an important role in shaping the patterns and magnitudes of water flow and sediment transport in riverine environments, that consequently affect flood extent. By conducting a scoping review, this paper aims to show how the river's hydrological processes and channel morphology impact floods and flood mapping. To do that, previous studies dealing with flood modeling have been explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between fluvial dynamics and flood mapping outcomes. The results showed that morphodynamic variations and sediment transport impact flooding differently depending on local morphological conditions. Some studies indicate that these processes can increase the likelihood of flooding, potentially posing greater risks to nearby areas. Conversely, other research suggests that these morphodynamic variations may help reduce flood occurrences, signaling a nuanced relationship between river morphology and flood dynamics. Additionally, it was found that while bed-load movements significantly influence the synchronization of peak water surface elevation and peak flow times, suspended sediment concentration has minimal impact on the timing and shape of the hydrograph. The results emphasize the crucial role of integrating fluvial hydro-morphodynamics into flood mapping to enhance flood management in riverine environments, contributing to both increased resilience and broader sustainable development goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104774
Kenta Minamidate , Kazuhisa Goto
Tropical and extratropical cyclones have a profound impact on coastal morphology, ecosystems, and human lives. Given the ongoing global warming and the rising coastal populations, it is an urgent task to evaluate their impact on coastal regions ranging from low to high latitudes. Although the observation records show both significant and insignificant changes in tropical cyclone activity over recent decades, detecting long-term trends and attributing them to anthropogenic warming remains challenging due to the relatively short observation records and substantial natural variability. Paleotempestology is an emerging research field to reveal past storm activity prior to observation records based on geological, geomorphological, and biological records. This review summarizes the current progress and challenges of paleotempestology and provides insight into the response of storm activity to climate variability in the Holocene. Integrating interdisciplinary perspectives from geology, paleoclimatology, and numerical climate modeling, this review underscores the non-stationarity of storm activity, which is intricately related to climate variability through diverse mechanisms in each basin. Exploring the links and discrepancies between paleotempestological, paleoclimate, and modeling studies improves our understanding of the relationship between climate environment and storm activity.
{"title":"Unveiling the history and nature of paleostorms in the Holocene","authors":"Kenta Minamidate , Kazuhisa Goto","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tropical and extratropical cyclones have a profound impact on coastal morphology, ecosystems, and human lives. Given the ongoing global warming and the rising coastal populations, it is an urgent task to evaluate their impact on coastal regions ranging from low to high latitudes. Although the observation records show both significant and insignificant changes in tropical cyclone activity over recent decades, detecting long-term trends and attributing them to anthropogenic warming remains challenging due to the relatively short observation records and substantial natural variability. Paleotempestology is an emerging research field to reveal past storm activity prior to observation records based on geological, geomorphological, and biological records. This review summarizes the current progress and challenges of paleotempestology and provides insight into the response of storm activity to climate variability in the Holocene. Integrating interdisciplinary perspectives from geology, paleoclimatology, and numerical climate modeling, this review underscores the non-stationarity of storm activity, which is intricately related to climate variability through diverse mechanisms in each basin. Exploring the links and discrepancies between paleotempestological, paleoclimate, and modeling studies improves our understanding of the relationship between climate environment and storm activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001016/pdfft?md5=f924905b718d39d4c6b906bd184447eb&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001016-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号