Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104773
Aida Hosseini Baghanam , Vahid Nourani , Mohammad Bejani , Hadi Pourali , Sameh Ahmed Kantoush , Yongqiang Zhang
Effective selection of climate predictors is a fundamental aspect of climate modeling research. Predictor Screening (PS) plays a crucial role in identifying regional climate drivers, reducing noise, expediting convergence, and minimizing time consumption, ultimately leading to the development of robust models. This review delves into the complex landscape of PS techniques within the context of Numerical Climate Modeling (NCM), with a specific focus on their applicability across various Köppen climate classifications and PS model structures. The analysis revealed substantial variations in the performance of PS methods, shedding light on their ability to capture –and prioritize predictors related to precipitation and temperature within distinct climate contexts. Furthermore, the provided methods have been categorized into two subsections: Feature Selection (FS) and Feature Extraction (FE), with FS encompassing filter, wrapper, embedded, and ensemble/hybrid techniques, and FE covering Linear Feature Extraction (LFE), Time-Domain Analysis (TDA), deep learning, and clustering methods. The initial compilation of papers, acquired through a keyword search on Scopus, consisted of 3650 documents. Following a meticulous evaluation process, 206 papers were identified as fitting for inclusion in the literature review, covering the time frame from 1974 to November 3, 2023. In conclusion, the results provide a detailed understanding of the strengths and limitations of each approach, establishing a hierarchy of effectiveness contingent upon the specific climate context. Additionally, insights into promising avenues for future research in this field are offered. This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standard as its foundation.
{"title":"A systematic review of predictor screening methods for downscaling of numerical climate models","authors":"Aida Hosseini Baghanam , Vahid Nourani , Mohammad Bejani , Hadi Pourali , Sameh Ahmed Kantoush , Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective selection of climate predictors is a fundamental aspect of climate modeling research. Predictor Screening (PS) plays a crucial role in identifying regional climate drivers, reducing noise, expediting convergence, and minimizing time consumption, ultimately leading to the development of robust models. This review delves into the complex landscape of PS techniques within the context of Numerical Climate Modeling (NCM), with a specific focus on their applicability across various Köppen climate classifications and PS model structures. The analysis revealed substantial variations in the performance of PS methods, shedding light on their ability to capture –and prioritize predictors related to precipitation and temperature within distinct climate contexts. Furthermore, the provided methods have been categorized into two subsections: Feature Selection (FS) and Feature Extraction (FE), with FS encompassing filter, wrapper, embedded, and ensemble/hybrid techniques, and FE covering Linear Feature Extraction (LFE), Time-Domain Analysis (TDA), deep learning, and clustering methods. The initial compilation of papers, acquired through a keyword search on Scopus, consisted of 3650 documents. Following a meticulous evaluation process, 206 papers were identified as fitting for inclusion in the literature review, covering the time frame from 1974 to November 3, 2023. In conclusion, the results provide a detailed understanding of the strengths and limitations of each approach, establishing a hierarchy of effectiveness contingent upon the specific climate context. Additionally, insights into promising avenues for future research in this field are offered. This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standard as its foundation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104763
Igor Soejono , Stephen Collett , Milan Kohút , Vojtěch Janoušek , Karel Schulmann , Zita Bukovská , Nikol Novotná , Tereza Zelinková , Jitka Míková , John M. Hora , František Veselovský
The general configuration of the main continental blocks in the Gondwana supercontinent and the Ediacaran–early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of its northern margin are widely accepted. However, reconstruction of the original positions and the question of potential separation of the Gondwana-derived crustal segments that are now included in the Variscan and Alpine orogenic belts remain controversial. The Western Carpathians, part of the Alpine–Carpathian belt, represents an important crustal segment broken-off from northern Gondwana and later incorporated into both the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens. The earliest tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the pre-Variscan basement of the Western Carpathians remains poorly known, due to insufficient age data and intense polyphase tectonometamorphic overprints, both Variscan and Alpine. This paper provides new results of U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircons as well as a whole-rock geochemical study from metavolcanic-sedimentary basement units of the Western Carpathians. The obtained age spectra suggest that the sedimentary succession was supplied dominantly by Ediacaran (c. 600 Ma) zircons, with a relatively minor role for Stenian–Tonian (c. 1.2–0.9 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic cratonic (c. 2.2–1.8 Ga) zircons. The mixed Hf isotopic signature (εHf(t) values ranging from −20 to +12) of the Ediacaran zircons indicates substantial mixing of mantle-derived magmas with mature crustal material, typical of continental magmatic arcs. In contrast, the mostly negative εHf(t) values (−15 to +4) of the cratonic zircons suggest recycling of an older continental crust. The presumably youngest part of the sequence is also characterised by high proportion of early Paleozoic zircons with generally negative εHf(t) values (−10 to −2). The zircon U–Pb age spectra, Hf isotopic patterns and whole-rock geochemical signatures of the studied Western Carpathians sequences are interpreted as reflecting deposition at a progressively developing Cambrian–Silurian passive margin setting. The West Carpathian data have been correlated with a comprehensive detrital zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope data set compiled from possible source areas and other Gondwana-derived units to test the possibility of their primary linkages. These correlations indicate strong similarity in both zircon U–Pb age spectra and Hf isotopic compositions to other parts of the Ediacaran (Cadomian) continental magmatic arc. Older, cratonic sources are linked to the Saharan or East African parts of northern Gondwana, whereas the early Paleozoic detritus must represent a local volcanic source. Taken together, our new data from the Western Carpathians provide constraints for a new paleogeographic model of the northern African part of the Gondwana passive margin.
{"title":"Paleogeography of the Gondwana passive margin fragments involved in the Variscan and Alpine collisions: Perspectives from metavolcanic-sedimentary basement of the Western Carpathians","authors":"Igor Soejono , Stephen Collett , Milan Kohút , Vojtěch Janoušek , Karel Schulmann , Zita Bukovská , Nikol Novotná , Tereza Zelinková , Jitka Míková , John M. Hora , František Veselovský","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The general configuration of the main continental blocks in the Gondwana supercontinent and the Ediacaran–early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of its northern margin are widely accepted. However, reconstruction of the original positions and the question of potential separation of the Gondwana-derived crustal segments that are now included in the Variscan and Alpine orogenic belts remain controversial. The Western Carpathians, part of the Alpine–Carpathian belt, represents an important crustal segment broken-off from northern Gondwana and later incorporated into both the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens. The earliest tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the pre-Variscan basement of the Western Carpathians remains poorly known, due to insufficient age data and intense polyphase tectonometamorphic overprints, both Variscan and Alpine. This paper provides new results of U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircons as well as a whole-rock geochemical study from metavolcanic-sedimentary basement units of the Western Carpathians. The obtained age spectra suggest that the sedimentary succession was supplied dominantly by Ediacaran (c. 600 Ma) zircons, with a relatively minor role for Stenian–Tonian (c. 1.2–0.9 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic cratonic (c. 2.2–1.8 Ga) zircons. The mixed Hf isotopic signature (ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values ranging from −20 to +12) of the Ediacaran zircons indicates substantial mixing of mantle-derived magmas with mature crustal material, typical of continental magmatic arcs. In contrast, the mostly negative ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values (−15 to +4) of the cratonic zircons suggest recycling of an older continental crust. The presumably youngest part of the sequence is also characterised by high proportion of early Paleozoic zircons with generally negative ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values (−10 to −2). The zircon U–Pb age spectra, Hf isotopic patterns and whole-rock geochemical signatures of the studied Western Carpathians sequences are interpreted as reflecting deposition at a progressively developing Cambrian–Silurian passive margin setting. The West Carpathian data have been correlated with a comprehensive detrital zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope data set compiled from possible source areas and other Gondwana-derived units to test the possibility of their primary linkages. These correlations indicate strong similarity in both zircon U–Pb age spectra and Hf isotopic compositions to other parts of the Ediacaran (Cadomian) continental magmatic arc. Older, cratonic sources are linked to the Saharan or East African parts of northern Gondwana, whereas the early Paleozoic detritus must represent a local volcanic source. Taken together, our new data from the Western Carpathians provide constraints for a new paleogeographic model of the northern African part of the Gondwana passive margin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104772
Sylvain Courrech du Pont , David M. Rubin , Clément Narteau , Mathieu G.A. Lapôtre , Mackenzie Day , Philippe Claudin , Ian Livingstone , Matt W. Telfer , Jani Radebaugh , Cyril Gadal , Andrew Gunn , Patrick A. Hesp , Sabrina Carpy , Charles S. Bristow , Andreas C.W. Baas , Ryan C. Ewing , Giles F.S. Wiggs
Dunes form where winds blow over a bed of mobile sediment grains — conditions that are common in our solar system. On Earth, dunes abound in arid continental interiors and along sandy coastlines. Dune fields have also been recognized on Venus, Mars, Saturn’s moon Titan, and Pluto. In response to the different boundary conditions and other environmental forcings, dunes adopt a rich diversity of shapes, sizes, and behaviors. Thus, people around the globe and over centuries have developed a rich vocabulary to describe dunes and their complexity. As a result, existing dune nomenclature often includes redundant terms with differing definitions across scientific communities. Previous studies have endeavored to link dune shape to environmental forcing, usually by means of correlation. Although instructive, correlation-based classifications can be misleading if not based on underlying mechanics or if dune morphogenetic classes are not uniquely defined. Here, we synthesize existing dune terminology and use the last two decades of research on dune morphodynamics to propose three complementary dune classification schemes based on: (1) descriptive dune geomorphology, (2) morphodynamic processes, and (3) fluid mechanics and physics of sediment transport. The first classification relates dune types to geomorphic setting, the presence or absence of vegetation or obstacles, and dune shape (including planform shape, and cross-sectional symmetry or asymmetry). Dune classes can be further subdivided where the direction of sand transport is known independently. The second classification relates dune types and shapes to bed properties (sand-covered vs partially starved bed) and wind forcing (directional variability or the relative strengths and directions of wind modes) that together influence dune dynamics (growth, migration, elongation) and select the dominant processes by which dunes are shaped and oriented relative to the resultant transport direction. The third classification relates, for different planetary environments, the range of possible dune sizes, from minimum to maximum wavelength, to fluid flow regime (rough or smooth) and the response of sediment flux, which influence the coupling between sand bed topography, fluid flow, and sediment transport. These characteristic lengths are useful scales for comparative geomorphology. The three classification schemes provide complementary information. Together, they form a unified framework for geomorphologists, sedimentologists, geographers, physicists, and others to describe windblown sand dunes on Earth and beyond through their shape, dynamics, and size as a response to winds and boundary conditions.
{"title":"Complementary classifications of aeolian dunes based on morphology, dynamics, and fluid mechanics","authors":"Sylvain Courrech du Pont , David M. Rubin , Clément Narteau , Mathieu G.A. Lapôtre , Mackenzie Day , Philippe Claudin , Ian Livingstone , Matt W. Telfer , Jani Radebaugh , Cyril Gadal , Andrew Gunn , Patrick A. Hesp , Sabrina Carpy , Charles S. Bristow , Andreas C.W. Baas , Ryan C. Ewing , Giles F.S. Wiggs","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dunes form where winds blow over a bed of mobile sediment grains — conditions that are common in our solar system. On Earth, dunes abound in arid continental interiors and along sandy coastlines. Dune fields have also been recognized on Venus, Mars, Saturn’s moon Titan, and Pluto. In response to the different boundary conditions and other environmental forcings, dunes adopt a rich diversity of shapes, sizes, and behaviors. Thus, people around the globe and over centuries have developed a rich vocabulary to describe dunes and their complexity. As a result, existing dune nomenclature often includes redundant terms with differing definitions across scientific communities. Previous studies have endeavored to link dune shape to environmental forcing, usually by means of correlation. Although instructive, correlation-based classifications can be misleading if not based on underlying mechanics or if dune morphogenetic classes are not uniquely defined. Here, we synthesize existing dune terminology and use the last two decades of research on dune morphodynamics to propose three complementary dune classification schemes based on: (1) descriptive dune geomorphology, (2) morphodynamic processes, and (3) fluid mechanics and physics of sediment transport. The first classification relates dune types to geomorphic setting, the presence or absence of vegetation or obstacles, and dune shape (including planform shape, and cross-sectional symmetry or asymmetry). Dune classes can be further subdivided where the direction of sand transport is known independently. The second classification relates dune types and shapes to bed properties (sand-covered vs partially starved bed) and wind forcing (directional variability or the relative strengths and directions of wind modes) that together influence dune dynamics (growth, migration, elongation) and select the dominant processes by which dunes are shaped and oriented relative to the resultant transport direction. The third classification relates, for different planetary environments, the range of possible dune sizes, from minimum to maximum wavelength, to fluid flow regime (rough or smooth) and the response of sediment flux, which influence the coupling between sand bed topography, fluid flow, and sediment transport. These characteristic lengths are useful scales for comparative geomorphology. The three classification schemes provide complementary information. Together, they form a unified framework for geomorphologists, sedimentologists, geographers, physicists, and others to describe windblown sand dunes on Earth and beyond through their shape, dynamics, and size as a response to winds and boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224000990/pdfft?md5=528d1ffb68ace693056967718f21d51d&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224000990-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104771
Dongfang Song , Wenjiao Xiao , Songjian Ao , Qigui Mao , Bo Wan , Hao Zeng
The closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) is crucial for understanding the late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic paleogeography of Proto-Asia and the tectonic configuration of NE Pangea. However, the timing and mechanism for the PAO closure and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) remain highly controversial. Available studies argue either for a pre-Carboniferous closure or eastward, scissor-style diachronous closure from late Carboniferous to late Permian. This ambiguity is mainly caused by the different criteria applied to evaluate the final closure of oceanic basins and termination of accretionary orogenesis. Here we summarize new evidence including the youngest mélange-bearing accretionary complex and provenance change of syn-orogenic sediments in order to trace the terminal closure of the PAO from Tianshan in the west, through Beishan and Alxa, to Solonker and Changchun-Yanji in the east, a total distance of ∼5000 km.
The Tianshan marks the demise of the western segment of the PAO where the Tarim Craton collided with the Kazakhstan–Yili–Central Tianshan arc. Several ophiolitic mélanges from the Kyrgyz and Chinese Tianshan show the relicts of Permian–Triassic oceanic lithosphere that amalgamated during the Middle-Late Triassic. In Beishan, three ophiolitic mélanges contain Permian igneous rocks and Permian–Triassic sedimentary matrix, suggesting closure of the ocean between ∼245–222 Ma. In the Engger Us mélange of Alxa, a turbidite matrix overlying Permian ocean plate stratigraphy yields a ∼244 Ma maximum depositional age, constraining the time of emplacement of the accretionary complex. To the east, several ophiolitic mélanges in Inner Mongolia contain Permian–Early Triassic gabbro/basalt and middle-late Permian radiolarians, suggesting subduction-accretion continued into the Early Triassic. Along the Changchun–Yanji suture in NE China, several accretionary complexes yield emplacement ages of ∼246–234 Ma. Therefore, the youngest ophiolitic mélanges and accretionary complexes across the whole southern CAOB were formed during the Middle-Late Triassic. In addition, Middle-Late Triassic provenance changes have been identified in syn-orogenic sediments in Tianshan, Beishan, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and NE China. These data are in agreement with Triassic deformation and high-pressure metamorphism, which together indicate that the western, central, and eastern segments of the PAO were closed almost contemporaneously during the Middle-Late Triassic.
To the south, multidisciplinary data suggest that the amalgamation between South China, Sibumasu, Indochina, Qiangtang, and North China took place between ∼230–225 Ma, which led to the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Taken together, the Indosinian orogeny leading to the amalgamation of the East Asian blocks marks the final assembly of Pangea. The joining of East Asia in the Late Triassic maximized the land area of Pangea, which potentially fostered the dramatic climate
古亚洲洋(PAO)的关闭对于理解原亚洲晚古生代-中生代早期的古地理和潘加亚东北部的构造格局至关重要。然而,PAO 闭合和中亚造山带(CAOB)最终合并的时间和机制仍存在很大争议。现有的研究要么认为是石炭纪前的闭合,要么认为是从石炭纪晚期到二叠纪晚期的向东、剪刀式的异时闭合。造成这种模糊性的主要原因是对大洋盆地最终关闭和增生造山作用终止的评价标准不同。在此,我们总结了包括最年轻的含杂增生复合体和同源成因沉积物产地变化在内的新证据,以追溯PAO的最终关闭,西起天山,经北山和阿拉善,东至索伦克和长春-延吉,总长度约5000千米。天山标志着PAO西段的消亡,塔里木克拉通与哈萨克斯坦-伊犁-中天山弧在此相撞。吉尔吉斯斯坦和中国天山的几处蛇绿混杂岩显示了二叠纪-三叠纪海洋岩石圈的遗迹,这些岩石圈在中-晚三叠世期间混合在一起。在北山,三个蛇绿混杂岩包含二叠纪火成岩和二叠纪-三叠纪沉积基质,表明海洋在 245-222 Ma 之间关闭。在阿拉善 Engger Us mélange 中,覆盖在二叠纪海洋板块地层上的浊积岩基质得出的最大沉积年龄为 244 Ma,从而确定了增生复合体的形成时间。在东部,内蒙古的几处蛇绿岩熔岩含有二叠纪-早三叠世的辉长岩/玄武岩和中-晚二叠世的放射虫,表明俯冲-增生作用一直持续到早三叠世。在中国东北地区的长春-延吉缝合线沿线,几个增生复合体的成岩年龄在246-234Ma之间。因此,整个长春奥陶系南部最年轻的蛇绿混杂岩和增生复合体形成于中-晚三叠世。此外,在天山、北山、阿拉善、内蒙古和东北地区的同生沉积中也发现了中-晚三叠世的成因变化。这些数据与三叠纪变形和高压变质作用相吻合,共同表明在中-晚三叠世,PAO 的西部、中部和东部几乎同时关闭。在南部,多学科数据表明,华南、西伯利亚、印度支那、羌塘和华北之间的合并发生在 ∼230-225 Ma 之间,这导致了古特提斯洋的关闭。综上所述,印度支那造山运动导致东亚地块的合并,标志着泛大陆的最终形成。东亚在晚三叠世的合并使潘加大陆的陆地面积最大化,这可能促进了剧烈的气候变化和大季风的形成。
{"title":"Contemporaneous closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Middle-Late Triassic: A synthesis of new evidence and tectonic implications for the final assembly of Pangea","authors":"Dongfang Song , Wenjiao Xiao , Songjian Ao , Qigui Mao , Bo Wan , Hao Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) is crucial for understanding the late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic paleogeography of Proto-Asia and the tectonic configuration of NE Pangea. However, the timing and mechanism for the PAO closure and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) remain highly controversial. Available studies argue either for a pre-Carboniferous closure or eastward, scissor-style diachronous closure from late Carboniferous to late Permian. This ambiguity is mainly caused by the different criteria applied to evaluate the final closure of oceanic basins and termination of accretionary orogenesis. Here we summarize new evidence including the youngest mélange-bearing accretionary complex and provenance change of syn-orogenic sediments in order to trace the terminal closure of the PAO from Tianshan in the west, through Beishan and Alxa, to Solonker and Changchun-Yanji in the east, a total distance of ∼5000 km.</p><p>The Tianshan marks the demise of the western segment of the PAO where the Tarim Craton collided with the Kazakhstan–Yili–Central Tianshan arc. Several ophiolitic mélanges from the Kyrgyz and Chinese Tianshan show the relicts of Permian–Triassic oceanic lithosphere that amalgamated during the Middle-Late Triassic. In Beishan, three ophiolitic mélanges contain Permian igneous rocks and Permian–Triassic sedimentary matrix, suggesting closure of the ocean between ∼245–222 Ma. In the Engger Us mélange of Alxa, a turbidite matrix overlying Permian ocean plate stratigraphy yields a ∼244 Ma maximum depositional age, constraining the time of emplacement of the accretionary complex. To the east, several ophiolitic mélanges in Inner Mongolia contain Permian–Early Triassic gabbro/basalt and middle-late Permian radiolarians, suggesting subduction-accretion continued into the Early Triassic. Along the Changchun–Yanji suture in NE China, several accretionary complexes yield emplacement ages of ∼246–234 Ma. Therefore, the youngest ophiolitic mélanges and accretionary complexes across the whole southern CAOB were formed during the Middle-Late Triassic. In addition, Middle-Late Triassic provenance changes have been identified in syn-orogenic sediments in Tianshan, Beishan, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and NE China. These data are in agreement with Triassic deformation and high-pressure metamorphism, which together indicate that the western, central, and eastern segments of the PAO were closed almost contemporaneously during the Middle-Late Triassic.</p><p>To the south, multidisciplinary data suggest that the amalgamation between South China, Sibumasu, Indochina, Qiangtang, and North China took place between ∼230–225 Ma, which led to the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Taken together, the Indosinian orogeny leading to the amalgamation of the East Asian blocks marks the final assembly of Pangea. The joining of East Asia in the Late Triassic maximized the land area of Pangea, which potentially fostered the dramatic climate","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104767
Jorge García-Girón , Cesc Múrria , Miquel A. Arnedo , Núria Bonada , Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles , Tomáš Derka , Jose María Fernández-Calero , Zhengfei Li , José Manuel Tierno de Figueroa , Zhicai Xie , Jani Heino
The extent to which the sequence and timing of important events on Earth have influenced biological evolution through geological time is a matter of ongoing debate. In this context, the phylogenetic history of aquatic insects remains largely elusive, and our understanding of their chronology is fragmentary and incomplete at best. Here, after gathering a comprehensive data matrix of 3125 targeted rRNA and protein-coding gene sequences from nine independent gene portions, we built a well-supported time-calibrated phylogenetic tree comprising almost 1200 genera that represent a large proportion of extant families of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera). We reviewed the main evolutionary and historical scenarios for each aquatic insect lineage as revealed by our best-scoring molecular tree topology, major ancient radiations, calibrated divergence estimates, and important events in geological history related to the spatial arrangement of land masses, continental drift, and mass extinctions. Molecular dating using the birth-death model of speciation, with a lognormal-relaxed model of sequence evolution informed by transcriptomic constraints, suggested that (i) dragonflies and damselflies first radiated approximately 220 million years (Ma) ago and most extant lineages thrived independently after the Triassic–Jurassic (Tr–J) extinction event; (ii) mayflies underwent bursts of diversification during the Cretaceous; (iii) ancestral divergence separating the stonefly suborders Arctoperlaria and Antarctoperlaria was consistent with geographical isolation after vicariant fragmentation and tectonic splitting of the supercontinent Pangaea around 170 Ma ago; and (iv) the most recent common ancestors of caddisflies extended back to the time of Pangaea, supporting the earliest offshoot of the ‘retreat-making’ Annulipalpia and a sister relationship between the predatory free-living Rhyacophilidae and Hydrobiosidae. Our ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects also resolved shallow phylogenetic relationships related to key evolutionary innovations, such as the convergent evolution of exophytic oviposition in dragonflies or the Jurassic origins of the burrowing lifestyle in mayflies. In this study, we also illustrate how our time-calibrated phylogeny can help to integrate phylogenetic aspects in biogeographical and ecological research across the world. To do so, we used three empirical datasets of stream insects from subarctic Finland, northeastern Spain, and southeastern Tibet as exemplary cases. These examples of application tested ecogeographical mechanisms related to (i) the responses of size structural resemblances to phylogenetic constraints, and patterns of (ii) phylogenetic relatedness and (iii) phylogenetic uniqueness along elevational and flow-intermittence gradients, respectively. We emphasise how specific details capturing different aspects of phylogenetic variation are de
{"title":"A time-calibrated ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world","authors":"Jorge García-Girón , Cesc Múrria , Miquel A. Arnedo , Núria Bonada , Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles , Tomáš Derka , Jose María Fernández-Calero , Zhengfei Li , José Manuel Tierno de Figueroa , Zhicai Xie , Jani Heino","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extent to which the sequence and timing of important events on Earth have influenced biological evolution through geological time is a matter of ongoing debate. In this context, the phylogenetic history of aquatic insects remains largely elusive, and our understanding of their chronology is fragmentary and incomplete at best. Here, after gathering a comprehensive data matrix of 3125 targeted rRNA and protein-coding gene sequences from nine independent gene portions, we built a well-supported time-calibrated phylogenetic tree comprising almost 1200 genera that represent a large proportion of extant families of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera). We reviewed the main evolutionary and historical scenarios for each aquatic insect lineage as revealed by our best-scoring molecular tree topology, major ancient radiations, calibrated divergence estimates, and important events in geological history related to the spatial arrangement of land masses, continental drift, and mass extinctions. Molecular dating using the birth-death model of speciation, with a lognormal-relaxed model of sequence evolution informed by transcriptomic constraints, suggested that (i) dragonflies and damselflies first radiated approximately 220 million years (Ma) ago and most extant lineages thrived independently after the Triassic–Jurassic (Tr–J) extinction event; (ii) mayflies underwent bursts of diversification during the Cretaceous; (iii) ancestral divergence separating the stonefly suborders Arctoperlaria and Antarctoperlaria was consistent with geographical isolation after vicariant fragmentation and tectonic splitting of the supercontinent Pangaea around 170 Ma ago; and (iv) the most recent common ancestors of caddisflies extended back to the time of Pangaea, supporting the earliest offshoot of the ‘retreat-making’ Annulipalpia and a sister relationship between the predatory free-living Rhyacophilidae and Hydrobiosidae. Our ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects also resolved shallow phylogenetic relationships related to key evolutionary innovations, such as the convergent evolution of exophytic oviposition in dragonflies or the Jurassic origins of the burrowing lifestyle in mayflies. In this study, we also illustrate how our time-calibrated phylogeny can help to integrate phylogenetic aspects in biogeographical and ecological research across the world. To do so, we used three empirical datasets of stream insects from subarctic Finland, northeastern Spain, and southeastern Tibet as exemplary cases. These examples of application tested ecogeographical mechanisms related to (i) the responses of size structural resemblances to phylogenetic constraints, and patterns of (ii) phylogenetic relatedness and (iii) phylogenetic uniqueness along elevational and flow-intermittence gradients, respectively. We emphasise how specific details capturing different aspects of phylogenetic variation are de","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224000941/pdfft?md5=877a4df48741c5bee77ecb48a04f4701&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224000941-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104765
Congyu Yu , Fangbo Qin , Akinobu Watanabe , Weiqi Yao , Ying Li , Zichuan Qin , Yuming Liu , Haibing Wang , Qigao Jiangzuo , Allison Y. Hsiang , Chao Ma , Emily Rayfield , Michael J. Benton , Xing Xu
The accumulation of large datasets and increasing data availability have led to the emergence of data-driven paleontological studies, which reveal an unprecedented picture of evolutionary history. However, the fast-growing quantity and complication of data modalities make data processing laborious and inconsistent, while also lacking clear benchmarks to evaluate data collection and generation, and the performances of different methods on similar tasks. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely practiced across scientific disciplines, but not so much to date in paleontology where traditionally manual workflows have been more usual. In this study, we review >70 paleontological AI studies since the 1980s, covering major tasks including micro- and macrofossil classification, image segmentation, and prediction. These studies feature a wide range of techniques such as Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS), neural networks, transfer learning, and many other machine learning methods to automate a variety of paleontological research workflows. Here, we discuss their methods, datasets, and performance and compare them with more conventional AI studies. We attribute the recent increase in paleontological AI studies most to the lowering of the entry bar in training and deployment of AI models rather than innovations in fossil data compilation and methods. We also present recently developed AI implementations such as diffusion model content generation and Large Language Models (LLMs) that may interface with paleontological research in the future. Even though AI has not yet been a significant part of the paleontologist's toolkit, successful implementation of AI is growing and shows promise for paradigm-transformative effects on paleontological research in the years to come.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in paleontology","authors":"Congyu Yu , Fangbo Qin , Akinobu Watanabe , Weiqi Yao , Ying Li , Zichuan Qin , Yuming Liu , Haibing Wang , Qigao Jiangzuo , Allison Y. Hsiang , Chao Ma , Emily Rayfield , Michael J. Benton , Xing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of large datasets and increasing data availability have led to the emergence of data-driven paleontological studies, which reveal an unprecedented picture of evolutionary history. However, the fast-growing quantity and complication of data modalities make data processing laborious and inconsistent, while also lacking clear benchmarks to evaluate data collection and generation, and the performances of different methods on similar tasks. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely practiced across scientific disciplines, but not so much to date in paleontology where traditionally manual workflows have been more usual. In this study, we review >70 paleontological AI studies since the 1980s, covering major tasks including micro- and macrofossil classification, image segmentation, and prediction. These studies feature a wide range of techniques such as Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS), neural networks, transfer learning, and many other machine learning methods to automate a variety of paleontological research workflows. Here, we discuss their methods, datasets, and performance and compare them with more conventional AI studies. We attribute the recent increase in paleontological AI studies most to the lowering of the entry bar in training and deployment of AI models rather than innovations in fossil data compilation and methods. We also present recently developed AI implementations such as diffusion model content generation and Large Language Models (LLMs) that may interface with paleontological research in the future. Even though AI has not yet been a significant part of the paleontologist's toolkit, successful implementation of AI is growing and shows promise for paradigm-transformative effects on paleontological research in the years to come.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224000928/pdfft?md5=10ea6f8a0dd667959c823da1d3650895&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224000928-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104762
Yuejun Wang , Xin Qian , Peter A. Cawood , Chengshi Gan , Yuzhi Zhang , Feifei Zhang , J.-B. Asis , Yonggang Yan , Cheng Wang
The Mesozoic tectonic regime of the Indonesian Archipelago holds the key to decoding the development of the East Asia continental margin and unraveling the temporal-spatial pattern of the Paleo-Pacific and Tethyan supra-subduction systems in SE Asia. However, no consensus has been reached on the “intersected location (where), timing (when) and mechanism (why)” of the two supra-systems in the “narrow knot zone”. This paper presents an overview of key geological observations in Borneo and its surrounding areas in the heart of the Indonesian Archipelago with respect to its Mesozoic tectonics. Available data collectively show that the western segment of west Borneo, along with west Sumatra, have Sundaland affinities, representing the southernmost segment of the Paleo-Tethyan active continental margin. West Borneo was overprinted by the Paleo-Pacific-related accretionary orogenesis in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Mesozoic rock-units in Sabah (NE Borneo) exhibit Cathaysia-like affinities and their generation in an earliest Triassic-Late Jurassic arc-trench gap setting. The Mesozoic igneous rocks in NE, NW and SW Borneo define magmatic flare-ups at ca. 190 Ma, ca. 150 Ma, ca. 130 Ma and ca. 85 Ma that are comparable to those in Coastal South China. This magmatic activity represents a long-lived active continental margin derived by the pulsed Paleo-Pacific subduction and rollback. This oceanwardly-propagating accretionary orogen extends from the Lupar-Palangkaraya of west Borneo into Coastal South China, and extends as far as the Russian Far East via SE Vietnam and Sabah (NE Borneo)-Palawan (Philippine) arc-trench system. In NW and SW Borneo, the Jurassic and Cretaceous arc-like igneous rocks, whether mafic-intermediate or felsic, mostly share similar Sr-Nd-Hf-O and Pacific-like Pb isotopic compositions, which originated from the subduction-related mantle wedge or its juvenile crust source in a convergent plate margin setting. All the data indicate that Paleo-Pacific subduction had at least initiated by the earliest Triassic in NE Borneo and likely Coastal South China, and earliest Jurassic in NW and SW Borneo, but likely ceased at ca. 80 Ma. SE Borneo represented the easternmost segment of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean, along which northward subduction initiated at ca. 140 Ma and ceased at ca. 90 Ma. Such a Neo-Tethyan subduction system was cold and rapid, and was followed by the rapid exhumation at ca. 133–110 Ma along the Central Indonesian Accretionary Collision Complex as defined by the presence of HP/LT clockwise P-T-t metamorphism. Tectonic overprinting in East Asia since the Late Cretaceous might have driven the twist of the Paleo-Tethyan tectonic zone in west Sumatra and the intersection of the Paleo-Pacific and Neo-Tethyan systems in the Palangkaraya area between SW and SE Borneo. The Mesozoic stratigraphic framework is herein updated but validation will be required in the future. Integrating all available observations, and uncertai
印度尼西亚群岛的中生代构造体系是解码东亚大陆边缘的发展和揭示东南亚古太平洋和哲罗纪超俯冲系统时空模式的关键。然而,对于 "狭结区 "中两个超级系统的 "交汇位置(地点)、时间(时间)和机制(原因)",目前尚未达成共识。本文概述了位于印度尼西亚群岛中心的婆罗洲及其周边地区在中生代构造方面的主要地质观测结果。现有数据共同表明,西婆罗洲西段与苏门答腊岛西段具有巽他兰亲缘关系,代表了古泰西活动大陆边缘的最南端。在侏罗纪和白垩纪时期,西婆罗洲受到与古太平洋有关的增生造山运动的影响。沙巴(婆罗洲东北部)的中生代岩石单元显示出类似国泰期的亲缘关系,它们是在最早的三叠纪-晚侏罗纪弧沟缝隙环境中生成的。婆罗洲东北部、西北部和西南部的中生代火成岩确定了大约 190 Ma、大约 150 Ma 的岩浆爆发。约190Ma、约150Ma、约130Ma和约85Ma,与华南沿海地区的岩浆活动相当。这种岩浆活动代表了古太平洋脉冲式俯冲和回滚所产生的一个长期活跃的大陆边缘。这种向海洋延伸的增生造山带从婆罗洲西部的卢巴尔-巴朗卡拉亚延伸到华南沿海,并通过越南东南部和沙巴(婆罗洲东北部)-巴拉望(菲律宾)弧形海沟系统一直延伸到俄罗斯远东地区。在婆罗洲西北部和西南部,侏罗纪和白垩纪弧状火成岩,无论是中熔岩还是长熔岩,大多具有相似的Sr-Nd-Hf-O和太平洋类铅同位素组成,它们起源于与俯冲有关的地幔楔或其在板块边缘汇聚环境中的幼壳源。所有数据表明,古太平洋俯冲至少在婆罗洲东北部最早的三叠纪和可能的华南沿海地区以及婆罗洲西北部和西南部最早的侏罗纪已经开始,但很可能在大约 80 Ma 时停止。婆罗洲东南部代表了婆罗洲最东端。婆罗洲东南部代表了新泰西洋的最东段,在大约140 Ma时开始向北俯冲,大约在140 Ma时停止。婆罗洲东南部是新泰西洋的最东段,北向俯冲始于约140Ma,止于约90Ma。90 Ma。这样的新泰西洋俯冲系统寒冷而迅速,随后在大约 133-110 Ma 时沿中印度洋迅速掘起。印尼中部堆积碰撞复合体沿岸的133-110Ma快速掘起是由HP/LT顺时针P-T-t变质作用所决定的。自晚白垩世以来,东亚的构造叠压可能推动了苏门答腊西部古泰西岩构造带的扭转,以及婆罗洲西南部和东南部之间巴朗卡拉亚地区古太平洋系和新泰西岩系的交汇。本文对中生代地层框架进行了更新,但未来还需要验证。综合所有可用的观测数据和不确定性因素,重建了三叠纪至白垩纪东南亚古太平洋系和特提安超俯冲系统相互作用的构造模型。
{"title":"Temporal-spatial patterns of Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific and Tethyan supra-subduction systems in SE Asia: Key observations and controversies in Borneo and its surroundings","authors":"Yuejun Wang , Xin Qian , Peter A. Cawood , Chengshi Gan , Yuzhi Zhang , Feifei Zhang , J.-B. Asis , Yonggang Yan , Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mesozoic tectonic regime of the Indonesian Archipelago holds the key to decoding the development of the East Asia continental margin and unraveling the temporal-spatial pattern of the Paleo-Pacific and Tethyan supra-subduction systems in SE Asia. However, no consensus has been reached on the “intersected location (where), timing (when) and mechanism (why)” of the two supra-systems in the “narrow knot zone”. This paper presents an overview of key geological observations in Borneo and its surrounding areas in the heart of the Indonesian Archipelago with respect to its Mesozoic tectonics. Available data collectively show that the western segment of west Borneo, along with west Sumatra, have Sundaland affinities, representing the southernmost segment of the Paleo-Tethyan active continental margin. West Borneo was overprinted by the Paleo-Pacific-related accretionary orogenesis in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Mesozoic rock-units in Sabah (NE Borneo) exhibit Cathaysia-like affinities and their generation in an earliest Triassic-Late Jurassic arc-trench gap setting. The Mesozoic igneous rocks in NE, NW and SW Borneo define magmatic flare-ups at ca. 190 Ma, ca. 150 Ma, ca. 130 Ma and ca. 85 Ma that are comparable to those in Coastal South China. This magmatic activity represents a long-lived active continental margin derived by the pulsed Paleo-Pacific subduction and rollback. This oceanwardly-propagating accretionary orogen extends from the Lupar-Palangkaraya of west Borneo into Coastal South China, and extends as far as the Russian Far East via SE Vietnam and Sabah (NE Borneo)-Palawan (Philippine) arc-trench system. In NW and SW Borneo, the Jurassic and Cretaceous arc-like igneous rocks, whether mafic-intermediate or felsic, mostly share similar Sr-Nd-Hf-O and Pacific-like Pb isotopic compositions, which originated from the subduction-related mantle wedge or its juvenile crust source in a convergent plate margin setting. All the data indicate that Paleo-Pacific subduction had at least initiated by the earliest Triassic in NE Borneo and likely Coastal South China, and earliest Jurassic in NW and SW Borneo, but likely ceased at ca. 80 Ma. SE Borneo represented the easternmost segment of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean, along which northward subduction initiated at ca. 140 Ma and ceased at ca. 90 Ma. Such a Neo-Tethyan subduction system was cold and rapid, and was followed by the rapid exhumation at ca. 133–110 Ma along the Central Indonesian Accretionary Collision Complex as defined by the presence of HP/LT clockwise P-T-t metamorphism. Tectonic overprinting in East Asia since the Late Cretaceous might have driven the twist of the Paleo-Tethyan tectonic zone in west Sumatra and the intersection of the Paleo-Pacific and Neo-Tethyan systems in the Palangkaraya area between SW and SE Borneo. The Mesozoic stratigraphic framework is herein updated but validation will be required in the future. Integrating all available observations, and uncertai","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104761
Long Du , Xiaoping Long , Chao Yuan , Yunying Zhang , Zongying Huang , Hongli Zhu
Accretionary orogens function as crucial sites for the generation of arc igneous rocks and continental crust, but the spatial and temporal distribution of arc igneous rocks and the link between the arc magmatic processes and crust generation within individual orogens remains poorly constrained. To address this issue, we have summarized published geochemical and zircon isotopic data for Paleozoic (∼460–280 Ma) mafic–intermediate–felsic igneous rocks within five individual belts from the Chinese Eastern Tianshan of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which aim to explore the variations in magma sources (juvenile or reworked crust) and crustal thickness in response to tectonic and crustal evolution over time. This summary highlights the systematic variation in elemental and isotopic signatures of magmas in the Eastern Tianshan and makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the crustal evolution and tectonic switch patterns. Repeated tectonic switches of the Eastern Tianshan trench-arc-basin system during subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate appear to have occurred in two phases of the northern trench advance (ca. 460–381 Ma and 330–301 Ma, respectively) and the intervening trench retreat (ca. 380–331 Ma), as well as seem to have happened in the southern trench of the Kangguer Ocean with trench southward advance and northward retreat at ca. 360–331 Ma and 330–301 Ma, respectively. The estimated crustal growth in the Eastern Tianshan various from trench advance accompanied by significant crustal thickening (i.e., northern trench advance at ca. 460–421 Ma and southern trench advance at ca. 360–331 Ma, respectively) to northern trench retreat with crustal thinning (ca. 380–331 Ma). Most of the magma in the Eastern Tianshan was generated by crustal reworking or mixing.
{"title":"Tracing the subduction and accretion history of the trench-arc-basin system in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan: Insights from Paleozoic magmatic and crustal evolution","authors":"Long Du , Xiaoping Long , Chao Yuan , Yunying Zhang , Zongying Huang , Hongli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accretionary orogens function as crucial sites for the generation of arc igneous rocks and continental crust, but the spatial and temporal distribution of arc igneous rocks and the link between the arc magmatic processes and crust generation within individual orogens remains poorly constrained. To address this issue, we have summarized published geochemical and zircon isotopic data for Paleozoic (∼460–280 Ma) mafic–intermediate–felsic igneous rocks within five individual belts from the Chinese Eastern Tianshan of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which aim to explore the variations in magma sources (juvenile or reworked crust) and crustal thickness in response to tectonic and crustal evolution over time. This summary highlights the systematic variation in elemental and isotopic signatures of magmas in the Eastern Tianshan and makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the crustal evolution and tectonic switch patterns. Repeated tectonic switches of the Eastern Tianshan trench-arc-basin system during subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate appear to have occurred in two phases of the northern trench advance (ca. 460–381 Ma and 330–301 Ma, respectively) and the intervening trench retreat (ca. 380–331 Ma), as well as seem to have happened in the southern trench of the Kangguer Ocean with trench southward advance and northward retreat at ca. 360–331 Ma and 330–301 Ma, respectively. The estimated crustal growth in the Eastern Tianshan various from trench advance accompanied by significant crustal thickening (i.e., northern trench advance at ca. 460–421 Ma and southern trench advance at ca. 360–331 Ma, respectively) to northern trench retreat with crustal thinning (ca. 380–331 Ma). Most of the magma in the Eastern Tianshan was generated by crustal reworking or mixing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104766
S. Reimann, A. Zametzer , C. Heubeck
It is unresolved when eolian processes began to significantly affect global mean sand composition and texture through abrasion and enhanced sorting. Reports of Proterozoic eolian textures and sedimentary structures are common, in particular from 1.8 Ga on, but the Archean (4.0–2.5 Ga) geologic record possesses only seven reported eolian occurrences which generally do not manifest more than a few diagnostic features of eolian transport. We investigate in detail sandstone units within the Moodies Group (ca. 3.22 Ga) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, one of the oldest well-preserved terrestrial–marine sandy successions. Eight examined locations show terrestrial facies associations, high degrees of compositional and textural maturity, and large-scale foresets; however, none show convincing evidence of eolian transport but several can be excluded with confidence. In comparison to recent eolian strata, grains are generally slightly too coarse-grained, too angular, and mostly too poorly sorted. The common presence of shale laminations, granules, rare pebbles, and shale rip-up clasts demonstrates that the investigated strata were either of aqueous origin or had been formed by eolian processes but were subsequently aqueously reworked. This is vexing because the sandy-gravelly fluvial, coastal floodplain, and estuarine depositional environments of Moodies Group strata may have been hospitable to potentially powerful and long-lasting Archean eolian processes. Early Archean eolian strata may have had a limited depositional area, may have been extensively reworked, or formed under non-actualistic conditions. Thus, the significance of eolian processes on early Earth and their potential contribution to the high degree of textural and compositional maturity of Archean quartzarenites remains poorly constrained.
{"title":"Gone with the tides? Reassessing possible eolian strata in the Paleoarchean Moodies Group in the context of the Archean eolian record","authors":"S. Reimann, A. Zametzer , C. Heubeck","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is unresolved when eolian processes began to significantly affect global mean sand composition and texture through abrasion and enhanced sorting. Reports of Proterozoic eolian textures and sedimentary structures are common, in particular from 1.8 Ga on, but the Archean (4.0–2.5 Ga) geologic record possesses only seven reported eolian occurrences which generally do not manifest more than a few diagnostic features of eolian transport. We investigate in detail sandstone units within the Moodies Group (ca. 3.22 Ga) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, one of the oldest well-preserved terrestrial–marine sandy successions. Eight examined locations show terrestrial facies associations, high degrees of compositional and textural maturity, and large-scale foresets; however, none show convincing evidence of eolian transport but several can be excluded with confidence. In comparison to recent eolian strata, grains are generally slightly too coarse-grained, too angular, and mostly too poorly sorted. The common presence of shale laminations, granules, rare pebbles, and shale rip-up clasts demonstrates that the investigated strata were either of aqueous origin or had been formed by eolian processes but were subsequently aqueously reworked. This is vexing because the sandy-gravelly fluvial, coastal floodplain, and estuarine depositional environments of Moodies Group strata may have been hospitable to potentially powerful and long-lasting Archean eolian processes. Early Archean eolian strata may have had a limited depositional area, may have been extensively reworked, or formed under non-actualistic conditions. Thus, the significance of eolian processes on early Earth and their potential contribution to the high degree of textural and compositional maturity of Archean quartzarenites remains poorly constrained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282522400093X/pdfft?md5=77c911c72be8811749a6b787a4a34f2a&pid=1-s2.0-S001282522400093X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104764
Haiyang Zhang, Muhammad Arif
Geological storage of CO2 is a promising technique to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The effectiveness of CO2 storage in the subsurface formations relies on various trapping mechanisms that immobilize the injected CO2. Among these mechanisms, residual trapping has been identified as a critical factor, closely associated with residual CO2 saturation. The extent of residual CO2 saturation is strongly influenced by the petrophysical, physicochemical and hydrodynamic properties of CO2/fluid/rock systems and operational conditions, thereby governing the overall residual trapping efficiency.
This article reviews the published experimental datasets on the initial and residual CO2 saturation and analyzes the corresponding trapping efficiency for a range of in-situ CO2/fluid/rock systems. We explore the factors that influence trapping efficiency, including wettability, rock type, rock properties, and flow rate. The gas saturations and trapping efficiencies of different gas types (i.e., CO2, N2, and H2) are also discussed. Finally, we present the knowledge gaps and outline prospects for future research. This review establishes a state-of-art data repository of gas saturations in different conditions, enhancing our understanding of residual trapping in subsurface gas storage.
二氧化碳的地质封存是减少人为二氧化碳排放的一项前景广阔的技术。在地下地层中封存二氧化碳的有效性取决于各种固定注入的二氧化碳的捕集机制。在这些机制中,残余捕集被认为是一个关键因素,与残余二氧化碳饱和度密切相关。残余 CO2 饱和度受 CO2/流体/岩石系统的岩石物理、物理化学和流体动力学特性以及运行条件的影响很大,从而制约着整体残余捕集效率。本文回顾了已发表的关于初始和残余 CO2 饱和度的实验数据集,并分析了一系列原位 CO2/流体/岩石系统的相应捕集效率。我们探讨了影响捕集效率的因素,包括润湿性、岩石类型、岩石性质和流速。我们还讨论了不同气体类型(即 CO2、N2 和 H2)的气体饱和度和捕集效率。最后,我们提出了知识差距,并概述了未来研究的前景。本综述建立了不同条件下气体饱和度的最新数据资源库,加深了我们对地下储气库残余气体捕集的理解。
{"title":"Residual trapping capacity of subsurface systems for geological storage of CO2: Measurement techniques, meta-analysis of influencing factors, and future outlook","authors":"Haiyang Zhang, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> is a promising technique to mitigate anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The effectiveness of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in the subsurface formations relies on various trapping mechanisms that immobilize the injected CO<sub>2</sub>. Among these mechanisms, residual trapping has been identified as a critical factor, closely associated with residual CO<sub>2</sub> saturation. The extent of residual CO<sub>2</sub> saturation is strongly influenced by the petrophysical, physicochemical and hydrodynamic properties of CO<sub>2</sub>/fluid/rock systems and operational conditions, thereby governing the overall residual trapping efficiency.</p><p>This article reviews the published experimental datasets on the initial and residual CO<sub>2</sub> saturation and analyzes the corresponding trapping efficiency for a range of in-situ CO<sub>2</sub>/fluid/rock systems. We explore the factors that influence trapping efficiency, including wettability, rock type, rock properties, and flow rate. The gas saturations and trapping efficiencies of different gas types (i.e., CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>) are also discussed. Finally, we present the knowledge gaps and outline prospects for future research. This review establishes a state-of-art data repository of gas saturations in different conditions, enhancing our understanding of residual trapping in subsurface gas storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}