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Insight into the Impact of Electron Drift Trajectory on Charge Collection in Silicon Drift Detector 洞察电子漂移轨迹对硅漂移探测器电荷收集的影响
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad7401
Rongrong Guo, Yujia Peng, Huixiang Huang, Chih-Ching Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen
The internal electric field distribution is one key design consideration, which affects the charge collection efficiency in silicon drift detectors (SDDs). The internal electrostatic potential distributions along SDD front and back surfaces, which are determined by the applied voltages at cathode electrodes, define the final internal field distribution. Front-back bias coupling leads to the complexity of electrode structure design and voltage tuning. Device simulation is performed to investigate the performance of SDDs with varied bias voltages. When the cathode bias is −40 V with the first ring bias of −15 V and the outermost ring bias of −80 V, the detector is biased with a uniform electric field distribution, favorable electron drift trajectories. The simulation results provide new insight into the influence of internal electric field and electron drift trajectories on the charge collection efficiency. According to the analysis of simulation results, a 2000 × 2000 μm area concentric silicon drift detector was designed and fabricated. The electrical characteristics of the designed detectors were studied to show the validity of the proposed device design methodology. The internal electric field distribution and electron drift trajectories can be tuned to improve the charge collection efficiency.
内部电场分布是影响硅漂移探测器(SDD)电荷收集效率的一个关键设计因素。硅漂移探测器前后表面的内部静电势分布由阴极电极的外加电压决定,它定义了最终的内部电场分布。前后偏置耦合导致了电极结构设计和电压调整的复杂性。我们进行了器件仿真,以研究不同偏置电压下 SDD 的性能。当阴极偏压为-40 V,第一环偏压为-15 V,最外环偏压为-80 V时,探测器的偏压电场分布均匀,有利于电子漂移轨迹。模拟结果为了解内部电场和电子漂移轨迹对电荷收集效率的影响提供了新的视角。根据对模拟结果的分析,设计并制造了一个 2000 × 2000 μm 面积的同心硅漂移探测器。对所设计探测器的电气特性进行了研究,以证明所提出的器件设计方法的有效性。通过调整内部电场分布和电子漂移轨迹,可以提高电荷收集效率。
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引用次数: 0
Communication—Tunable Lorentz-Type Negative Permittivity of PANI/Epoxy Resin Composites in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 1 MHz 3 kHz 至 1 MHz 频率范围内 PANI/环氧树脂复合材料的通信可调洛伦兹型负脆性
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad7402
Min Chen, Shuxin Chen, Yaxuan Ji, Kai Zhang
Negative permittivity in percolation composites garnered significant interest due to its promising implications for practical applications. This study demonstrates that the percolation threshold of the polyaniline(PANI)/epoxy resin composite falls within the range of 40 wt% to 50 wt%. Beyond this percolation threshold, the composites exhibit a corresponding negative dielectric behavior. Notably, at a high PANI content level of 90 wt%, the permittivity exhibits characteristics akin to Lorentz resonance type behavior. This research presents an effective approach to exhibit tunable low-frequency negative permittivity through Lorentz resonance.
渗流复合材料中的负介电常数因其在实际应用中的广阔前景而备受关注。本研究表明,聚苯胺(PANI)/环氧树脂复合材料的渗流阈值在 40 wt% 到 50 wt% 之间。超过这个渗滤阈值,复合材料就会表现出相应的负介电行为。值得注意的是,在 PANI 含量高达 90 wt% 时,介电率表现出类似洛伦兹共振的特性。这项研究提出了一种通过洛伦兹共振表现出可调低频负介电常数的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Growth, Characterizations of Oxalic Acid Di-Hydrate Crystals of Pure, Milled, Shocked Impact of 50 Scaling for Electronic, Photonic, Display and Sensor Usefulness by Theory and Practice 草酸二水合物晶体的生长和特性:纯晶体、研磨晶体、冲击晶体 50 缩放对电子、光子、显示和传感器用途的理论和实践影响
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad71f0
Padmanaban B, Hariharasuthan R, Saravanan P, SenthilKannan K
Oxalic acid dihydrate (OADH) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method, milled to micro-OADH, impacted with shocked 50 pulses and harvested in a 16-day period. The 2 MPa pressure with 2.2 Mach number of 864 K temperature specifies the product as shocked 50 scaled OADH. Single crystalline X-ray diffraction of OADH macro are as specified with P21/n as space group with monoclinic as the crystal system and shocked 50 scaled OADH are with lattice constants; the % of elements of OADH specimen are confirmed by theory and practice. The dielectric constant of OADH is higher at lower frequency values by space charge polarization. OADH of all scales are of the negative photo-conductivity type. The influx data of OADH of three types of scaling are identified as better electronic filter. The micro-OADH is confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy analysis as 10 micrometer scaling without any flaws. The Fluorescence (FL) study shows bluish FL emission for all samples of OADH; sensitivity is 8.88>6.6>2.2 for shocked 50-OADH, micro-OADH, macro-OADH. The Miller’s indices of (101) profile for RGB display is shown without as well with recursive colors of OADH.
草酸二水合物(OADH)晶体采用缓慢蒸发溶液法生长,研磨成微型 OADH,用冲击 50 脉冲进行冲击,并在 16 天内收获。在 2 兆帕压力、2.2 马赫数和 864 K 温度条件下,产品被确定为冲击 50 比例 OADH。OADH 宏的单晶 X 射线衍射结果符合规定,空间群为 P21/n,晶系为单斜晶系,经 50 次冲击缩放的 OADH 具有晶格常数;OADH 试样的元素百分比经理论和实践证实。在空间电荷极化作用下,OADH 的介电常数在频率值较低时较高。所有尺度的 OADH 都属于负光导类型。三种尺度的 OADH 的流入数据被确定为较好的电子滤波器。扫描电子显微镜分析证实,微型 OADH 为 10 微米刻度,没有任何缺陷。荧光(FL)研究显示,所有 OADH 样品的荧光发射都偏蓝;50-OADH、微 OADH 和 macro-OADH 的灵敏度分别为 8.88>6.6>2.2。用于 RGB 显示的 (101) 轮廓的米勒指数显示了 OADH 的无递变颜色和有递变颜色。
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引用次数: 0
Tailoring the Magnetic, Structural and Shielding Characteristics of Nano Er2O3 via Ni Doping 通过掺杂镍调整纳米 Er2O3 的磁性、结构和屏蔽特性
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad71f1
Zein K. Heiba, Mohamed Bakr Mohamed, Ali Badawi
We investigated the effects of Ni-doping amount on the structural, magnetic, and shielding properties of nano Er2O3. Nano Er2−xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) samples were fabricated by a pechini scheme and characterized via X-ray diffraction. Rietveld refinement was used to discover the distribution of cations on the two crystallographic sites. Cation ordering in the two nonequivalent sites of the structure and the variation of the oxygen bond lengths of octahedra with the composition x were also investigated. A consistent reduction in the average bond lengths of (Er/Ni)O6 octahedra around 8b and 24d as x progresses was observed. Average crystallite size reduced while average lattice micro-strain increased with increasing Ni doping. The correlation between magnetization and temperature for all samples under a magnetic field of 200 Oe was studied. Curie-Weiss law was applied to find the magnetic moments and the types of magnetic structure. The μeff in the Er2−xNixO3 samples dropped from 9.7 to 9.36 μB as the nickel doping level rose from 0 to 0.15. Calculated magnetic moments, μcal, were found to drop from 9.4 to 9.02 μB as the nickel doping level changed from x = 0 to x = 0.15 in Er2−xNixO3 samples. Curie paramagnetic temperature (θ) for all samples has been observed to rise from −10.6 to −19.34. The theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters for nano Er2−xNixO3 samples were acquired through the Phy-X/PSD software. The nano Er2−xNixO3 samples have been proven to possess remarkable magnetic and neutron shielding applications.
我们研究了掺镍量对纳米 Er2O3 的结构、磁性和屏蔽性能的影响。纳米 Er2-xNixO3(x = 0、0.05、0.1、0.15)样品是通过一种 pechini 方案制备的,并通过 X 射线衍射进行了表征。利用里特维尔德细化法发现了阳离子在两个晶体学位点上的分布。此外,还研究了阳离子在结构的两个非等价位点上的排序以及八面体氧键长度随成分 x 的变化。随着 x 的增加,(Er/Ni)O6 八面体在 8b 和 24d 附近的平均键长持续减少。随着掺杂镍量的增加,平均晶粒尺寸减小,而平均晶格微应变增加。研究了 200 Oe 磁场下所有样品的磁化与温度之间的相关性。应用居里-魏斯定律找到了磁矩和磁结构类型。当镍掺杂水平从 0 上升到 0.15 时,Er2-xNixO3 样品中的μeff 从 9.7 μB 下降到 9.36 μB。当 Er2-xNixO3 样品中的镍掺杂水平从 x = 0 变为 x = 0.15 时,计算出的磁矩 μcal 从 9.4 μB 下降到 9.02 μB。所有样品的居里顺磁温度(θ)都从-10.6 上升到-19.34。通过 Phy-X/PSD 软件获得了纳米 Er2-xNixO3 样品的伽马射线理论衰减参数。纳米 Er2-xNixO3 样品已被证明具有显著的磁屏蔽和中子屏蔽功能。
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引用次数: 0
Milk Tea–Colored Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Through a Multilayer Film Design 通过多层薄膜设计制造奶茶色 Perovskite 太阳能电池
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad71f3
Yu-Hung Chen, Ching-Chuan Chou, Hong-Shi Liu, Chien-Tso Lin, Yu-Pin Lin
This study presents the fabrication of perovskite thin-film solar cells (PTSCs) with adjustable colors, achieved through a multilayer film design. The multilayer film, comprising Au and indium-tin-oxide (ITO), functions as an adjusted color reflectance (ACR) multilayer film. When the ITO thickness is varied from 100 to 150 nm, the color of the PTSCs can be adjusted from lighter shades that resemble fresh milk tea to darker tones akin to caramel. The color changes that the ACR multilayer film induces correlate well with its reflectance response. Compared with traditional black-colored PTSCs, the milk tea–colored PTSCs maintain a power conversion efficiency of >12%. This achievement suggests the potential for fabricating PTSCs in various colors and patterns that are suitable for use in furnishings, accessories, and other applications.
本研究介绍了如何通过多层薄膜设计,制造出具有可调颜色的过氧化物薄膜太阳能电池(PTSC)。该多层薄膜由金和氧化铟锡(ITO)组成,是一种可调颜色反射率(ACR)多层薄膜。当 ITO 厚度在 100 纳米到 150 纳米之间变化时,PTSC 的颜色可以从类似新鲜奶茶的浅色调调整到类似焦糖的深色调。ACR 多层薄膜引起的颜色变化与其反射响应密切相关。与传统的黑色 PTSC 相比,奶茶色 PTSC 的功率转换效率保持在 12%。这一成果表明,可以制造出各种颜色和图案的 PTSC,适用于家具、饰品和其他应用。
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引用次数: 0
Multifunctional Characterization and Anticancer Properties of Magnetic Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles by Modified Ultrasonic Assisted Co-precipitation Method 改良超声波辅助共沉淀法表征磁性锌铁氧体纳米粒子的多功能性和抗癌特性
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad71f2
K. Ashok, P. Usha, Nagaraju R., T. Ramesh, N. Pavan Kumar, Ghassan M. Sulaiman
Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully via the modified ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method. Structural characterization, conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement, revealed a single cubic phase with a mixed spinel structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups indicative of the spinel ferrite structure. Morphological analysis using field-emission scanning electron microscopy showcased the nanoparticles’ uniform morphology and size distribution. UV–vis spectra revealed the optical properties, while the Tauc Plot method determined the optical band gap. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm the symmetric resonance peak with 1254 Oe line width and the Lande g value 2.133. Magnetic hysteresis loops confirm the soft magnetic nature of the nanoparticles with magnetic saturation and coercivity of 39.2 emu gm−1 and 77.5 Oe. The anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG-2 and MCF-7) revealed significant anticancer activity against HepG-2 and HeLa cells compared to MCF-7 cancer cells, and the results were compared with the standard drug cisplatin. A comparative analysis of results among cancer cell lines was conducted and discussed.
通过改良超声辅助共沉淀法成功合成了锌铁氧体(ZnFe2O4)纳米粒子。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析和里特维尔德细化法进行的结构表征显示,该纳米粒子为具有混合尖晶石结构的单立方相。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了尖晶石铁氧体结构中官能团的存在。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜进行的形态分析表明,纳米颗粒的形态和尺寸分布均匀一致。紫外-可见光谱显示了其光学特性,而陶氏图谱法则确定了其光带隙。电子顺磁共振光谱证实了线宽为 1254 Oe 的对称共振峰和 2.133 的 Lande g 值。磁滞回线证实了纳米粒子的软磁性质,其磁饱和度和矫顽力分别为 39.2 emu gm-1 和 77.5 Oe。针对各种癌细胞系(HeLa、HepG-2 和 MCF-7)的抗癌特性表明,与 MCF-7 癌细胞相比,HepG-2 和 HeLa 细胞具有显著的抗癌活性,并将结果与标准药物顺铂进行了比较。对不同癌细胞系的结果进行了比较分析和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Smooth and Vertical Sidewall Formation for AlGaN-Based Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices 为氮化铝基电子和光电器件形成平滑垂直的侧壁
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6f43
Arnob Ghosh, Agnes Maneesha Dominic Merwin Xavier, Siddharth Rajan, Shamsul Arafin
We report a two-step etching process involving inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching followed by wet chemical etching to achieve smooth and vertical sidewalls, being beneficial for AlGaN-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. The influence of ICP power on the roughness of etched sidewalls is investigated. It is observed that ICP etching alone does not produce smooth sidewalls, necessitating subsequent wet chemical etching using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to enhance sidewall smoothness and reduce tilt angle. The morphological evolution of the etched sidewalls with wet etch time for the device structures is also thoroughly investigated. Consistent etch results are achieved for AlxGa1-xN alloys with Al compositions up to 70%, indicating the effectiveness of our etching process.
我们报告了一种两步蚀刻工艺,即先进行电感耦合等离子体 (ICP) 蚀刻,然后再进行湿化学蚀刻,从而获得光滑垂直的侧壁,这对基于氮化铝的电子和光电器件非常有利。本文研究了 ICP 功率对蚀刻侧壁粗糙度的影响。研究发现,单靠 ICP 蚀刻并不能产生光滑的侧壁,因此需要使用四甲基氢氧化铵 (TMAH) 进行后续湿化学蚀刻,以提高侧壁的光滑度并减小倾斜角。此外,还深入研究了器件结构的蚀刻侧壁随湿法蚀刻时间的形态演变。在铝含量高达 70% 的 AlxGa1-xN 合金中实现了一致的蚀刻结果,这表明我们的蚀刻工艺非常有效。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical Nitrogen-Doped Carbon: A Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions 分层掺氮碳:氧气还原和进化反应的双功能催化剂
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad709f
Anand Parkash, Adeel Mukhtar Arain, Masroor Abro
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon (HCN-900), demonstrating remarkable electrocatalytic performance for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), outperforming traditional catalysts like RuO₂ and Pt/C. HCN-900 exhibits an onset potential of 0.98 V and a half-wave potential of 0.85 V for ORR, closely matching Pt/C performance while achieving an electron transfer number of 4.0, indicative of a four-electron pathway. For OER, HCN-900 achieves a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2 at an overpotential of 223 mV, significantly lower than RuO₂ (288 mV) and Pt/C (363 mV). The material also shows a Tafel slope of 87 mV dec⁻¹, indicating rapid kinetics and efficient electron transfer. This impressive performance is attributed to the optimized structural and electronic properties of HCN-900, including its high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and nitrogen doping, which enhance active site density and promote electron transport. Furthermore, HCN-900 retains approximately 96.72% of its initial performance after 10 h of continuous operation, demonstrating excellent long-term stability. The comprehensive analysis highlights HCN-900 as a promising bifunctional catalyst for advanced energy applications, providing a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional catalysts. Its superior electrocatalytic properties make HCN-900 an excellent candidate for integration into next-generation energy conversion and storage systems.
本研究介绍了分层掺氮碳(HCN-900)的合成和表征,它在氧还原反应(ORR)和氧进化反应(OER)中都表现出了卓越的电催化性能,优于 RuO₂ 和 Pt/C 等传统催化剂。HCN-900 在氧还原反应中的起始电位为 0.98 V,半波电位为 0.85 V,与 Pt/C 的性能非常接近,同时电子转移数达到 4.0,表明存在四电子途径。对于 OER,HCN-900 在 223 mV 的过电位下实现了 10 mA cm-2 的电流密度,明显低于 RuO₂(288 mV)和 Pt/C(363 mV)。该材料还显示出 87 mV dec-¹ 的塔菲尔斜率,表明其具有快速的动力学和高效的电子转移能力。这种令人印象深刻的性能归功于 HCN-900 优化的结构和电子特性,包括高表面积、分层多孔性和氮掺杂,这些都提高了活性位点密度,促进了电子传输。此外,HCN-900 在连续工作 10 小时后仍能保持约 96.72% 的初始性能,显示出出色的长期稳定性。综合分析结果表明,HCN-900 是一种前景广阔的双功能催化剂,可用于先进能源应用领域,为传统催化剂提供了一种具有成本效益且可持续的替代品。HCN-900 优越的电催化性能使其成为集成到下一代能源转换和存储系统中的理想候选催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Communication—A Powerful Method to Improve Dielectric/GaN Interface Properties: A Dummy SiO2 Process 通信--改善介电质/氮化镓界面特性的有效方法:模拟二氧化硅工艺
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6fd2
Yoshihiro Irokawa, Toshihide Nabatame, Tomomi Sawada, Manami Miyamoto, Hiromi Miura, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, Yasuo Koide
We report a simple and effective method for improving dielectric/GaN interface properties. In the process, a 5 nm thick SiO2 layer was deposited onto a GaN(0001) substrate via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, followed by annealing at 800 °C for 300 s under a flowing N2 atmosphere. The SiO2 layer was then removed using buffered HF solution, and Pt/Al2O3/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated on the substrate. Positive-bias stress tests revealed that the flat-band voltage shifts were substantially reduced for devices fabricated using this process, probably because of improved interface crystallinity. This method can also be applied to other dielectric/GaN systems.
我们报告了一种改善介电质/氮化镓界面特性的简单而有效的方法。在此过程中,通过等离子体增强原子层沉积,在 GaN(0001)衬底上沉积了 5 nm 厚的 SiO2 层,然后在流动的 N2 气氛下于 800 °C 退火 300 s。然后使用缓冲氢氟酸溶液去除二氧化硅层,并在基底上制造出 Pt/Al2O3/GaN 金属氧化物半导体电容器。正偏压应力测试表明,采用这种工艺制作的器件平带电压偏移大大降低,这可能是因为界面结晶度得到了改善。这种方法也可应用于其他电介质/氮化镓系统。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Ceria Abrasives on the Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Film with Alkaline H2O2 Slurries 铈磨料对使用碱性 H2O2 泥浆进行钼膜化学机械抛光的影响
IF 2.2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6f41
Lianfeng Hu, Yingjie Wang, Qiancheng Sun, Chun-Feng Hu, Haijun Cheng, Xin-Ping Qu
The impact of ceria abrasives on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of molybdenum (Mo) films was examined in alkaline slurries utilizing H2O2 as an oxidizer and ceria abrasives. The static etching rate (SER) decreased after the addition of ceria abrasives to the alkaline H2O2-based slurry, while the removal rate (RR) increased except for that of the slurry at pH 9. At pH 9, following the etching of the Mo film in an H2O2 solution with ceria, the surface became coated with MoO3 and Ce2Mo4O15 species. These species originated from the interaction between ceria, H2O2, and molybdic acid. The Ce2Mo4O15 particles envelop the MoO3 surface, thereby preventing the etching of loose MoO3 and hindering further oxidation of Mo to MoO3. This process effectively reduces the RR of Mo. Utilizing ceria slurries at appropriate pH values facilitates achieving a smooth surface with a reasonable RR.
在使用 H2O2 作为氧化剂和铈磨料的碱性浆料中,研究了铈磨料对钼(Mo)薄膜化学机械抛光(CMP)的影响。在以 H2O2 为氧化剂的碱性浆料中加入铈磨料后,静态蚀刻率(SER)降低,而除 pH 值为 9 的浆料外,去除率(RR)增加。在 pH 值为 9 时,钼薄膜在含有铈的 H2O2 溶液中蚀刻后,表面镀上了 MoO3 和 Ce2Mo4O15 物种。这些物质来源于铈、H2O2 和钼酸之间的相互作用。Ce2Mo4O15 颗粒包裹着 MoO3 表面,从而阻止了松散 MoO3 的蚀刻,并阻碍了 Mo 进一步氧化成 MoO3。这一过程可有效降低钼的可再生率。在适当的 pH 值下使用铈浆料,有助于获得表面光滑、RR 值合理的材料。
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引用次数: 0
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ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
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