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2014 IEEE 16th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC)最新文献

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Experimental study of water absorption of electronic components and internal local temperature and humidity into electronic enclosure 电子元件的吸水率与电子外壳内部局部温度和湿度的实验研究
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028356
Hélène Conseil, M. Jellesen, R. Ambat
Corrosion reliability of electronic products is a key factor for electronics industry, and today there is a large demand for performance reliability in large spans of temperature and humidity during day and night shifts. Corrosion failures are still seen due to the effects of temperature, humidity and corrosion accelerating species in the atmosphere, and moreover the surface region of printed circuit board assemblies is often contaminated by various contaminating species. In order to evaluate the level of humidity at which failures such as electrochemical migration start to appear on printed circuit board assemblies, a study of combined electric field, hygroscopic contamination and humidity on inter-digitated test comb patterns contaminated with sodium chloride and further exposed to increasing humidity has been performed. Results showed a significant increase in leakage current when only 70-75 % RH was reached, corresponding to the deliquescence relative humidity level of NaCl. The overall effect of climate (humidity and temperature) has been studied on the internal climate of typical electronic enclosures. The varied parameters included material used for casing, s ize of opening, differential humidity, and temperature effects simulating day/night, and the use of desiccants.
电子产品的腐蚀可靠性是影响电子工业发展的关键因素,在白班和夜班大范围的温度和湿度下,对电子产品的腐蚀可靠性有很大的要求。由于大气中的温度、湿度和腐蚀加速物质的影响,仍然可以看到腐蚀失效,而且印刷电路板组件的表面区域经常受到各种污染物质的污染。为了评估在湿度水平下印刷电路板组件上开始出现电化学迁移等故障,对被氯化钠污染并进一步暴露于增加湿度的数字化测试梳型进行了联合电场、吸湿性污染和湿度的研究。结果表明,当相对湿度达到70- 75%时,泄漏电流显著增加,对应于NaCl的潮解相对湿度水平。本文研究了气候(湿度和温度)对典型电子机箱内部气候的总体影响。不同的参数包括用于套管的材料,开口的大小,不同的湿度,模拟白天/夜晚的温度效应,以及干燥剂的使用。
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引用次数: 19
Fabrication of dielectric insulation layers in TSV by different processes TSV介质绝缘层的不同工艺制备
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028393
Z. Yong, Hengfu Li, Wenqi Zhang
The dielectric insulation layer is critical to the TSV package reliability and the process of forming sidewall insulation of through silicon via (TSV) was a challenging bottleneck in 3D integration. In this paper, dielectric insulation layers in TSV with aspect ratio of 10:1 were fabricated by PECVD tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) process and thermal oxidation process. The morphology and step coverage of the dielectric insulation layers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrical performance of blanket PECVD TEOS films and thermal oxide films were investigated by mercury probe Voltage-current (I-V) and Capacitance - Voltage (C-V) measurements. The PECVD TEOS films show good conformality, high breakdown voltage and low current leakage. The thermal oxide films have higher step coverage of almost 100% and lower leakage current. By combining PECVD TEOS process and thermal oxidation process, dual thermal oxide/PECVD TEOS insulation layers with high step coverage are fabricated.
介质绝缘层对TSV封装的可靠性至关重要,而通硅孔(TSV)侧壁绝缘的形成工艺是三维集成中具有挑战性的瓶颈。本文采用PECVD正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)工艺和热氧化工艺制备了长径比为10:1的TSV介质绝缘层。利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对介质绝缘层的形貌和台阶覆盖率进行了表征。采用汞探针测量电压-电流(I-V)和电容-电压(C-V),研究了毡状PECVD TEOS膜和热氧化膜的电学性能。PECVD TEOS薄膜具有良好的一致性,击穿电压高,漏电流小。热氧化膜具有更高的台阶覆盖率,几乎达到100%,泄漏电流更低。将PECVD TEOS工艺与热氧化工艺相结合,制备了高台阶覆盖的双热氧化/PECVD TEOS保温层。
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引用次数: 6
50-Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based optical modulator with only 1.3 Vpp driving voltages 50gb /s的基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的硅光调制器,驱动电压只有1.3 Vpp
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028387
X. Tu, T. Liow, Junfeng Song, Xianshu Luo, L. Jia, Q. Fang, Mingbin Yu, G. Lo
High-performance silicon optical modulator is demonstrated with up to 50-Gb/s data rate upon 1.3-Vpp. The measured extinction ratios of the optical eye-diagrams are respectively 5.97-dB, 5.13-dB and 4.44-dB at 28-Gb/s, 40-Gb/s and 50-Gb/s data rate.
高性能硅光调制器在1.3-Vpp下具有高达50 gb /s的数据速率。在28-Gb/s、40-Gb/s和50-Gb/s数据速率下,光学眼图的消光比分别为5.97 db、5.13 db和4.44 db。
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引用次数: 3
Methodology for more accurate assessment of heat loss in microchannel flow boiling 更准确地评估微通道流动沸腾热损失的方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028405
Mrinal Jagirdar, P. Lee
Flow boiling in micro-channels is a technology that can potentially be employed for cooling of next generation electronics. High heat transfer coefficient, better temperature uniformity and small pumping power requirement compared to single phase flow are the main advantages of this technology. Advancement in this field is checked by divergence in trends across various groups which warrents more reliable methods to acquire and post-process experimental data. Heat loss estimation methodology and evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient and exit vapour quality can be further refined to realize reliable data-sets. This article proposes the need to adopt two different methods to account for heat loss, one for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient, wall temperature and wall heat flux while the other for calculation of exit vapour quality during flow boiling. Experimental results bolstering the proposed need are also presented. Two test-sections each having a single finless microchannel of length 25400 μm and width and height of 2540 μm × 420 μm as well as 2540 μm × 150 μm were used. The difference between the heat loss estimated by the two methods is quite substantial hence justifying the endeavour for better heat loss estimation methodology.
微通道内的流动沸腾是一种有潜力用于下一代电子设备冷却的技术。与单相流相比,传热系数高、温度均匀性好、泵送功率要求小是该技术的主要优点。这一领域的进展受到不同群体趋势差异的制约,这需要更可靠的方法来获取和后处理实验数据。热损失估算方法以及传热系数和出口蒸汽质量的评估可以进一步改进,以实现可靠的数据集。本文提出需要采用两种不同的方法来计算热损失,一种是计算传热系数、壁面温度和壁面热流密度,另一种是计算流动沸腾时的出口蒸汽质量。实验结果支持了所提出的需求。采用长度为25400 μm、宽度和高度分别为2540 μm × 420 μm和2540 μm × 150 μm的无鳍微通道试件。由两种方法估计的热损失之间的差异是相当可观的,因此证明了更好的热损失估计方法的努力。
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引用次数: 1
Vertical interconnections using through encapsulant via (TEV) and through silicon via (TSV) for high-frequency system-in-package integration 垂直互连使用通过封装孔(TEV)和通过硅孔(TSV),用于高频系统级封装集成
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028413
M. Wojnowski, K. Pressel, Gottfried Beer, A. Heinig, Michael Dittrich, J. Wolf
In this paper we investigate two vertical interconnect options for high-frequency system-in-package (SiP) integration: through encapsulant via (TEV) applied to the embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology and through silicon via (TSV). We compare both solutions in terms of size and electrical performance. We use analytic expressions and electromagnetic simulations for our analysis and present measurement results of selected structures for verification. The results show that the choice of TEV and TSV depends on application and cost window.
在本文中,我们研究了高频系统级封装(SiP)集成的两种垂直互连选项:应用于嵌入式晶圆级球栅阵列(eWLB)技术的封装通孔(TEV)和硅通孔(TSV)。我们在尺寸和电气性能方面比较了两种解决方案。我们使用解析表达式和电磁模拟来进行分析,并给出了选定结构的测量结果进行验证。结果表明,TEV和TSV的选择取决于应用和成本窗口。
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引用次数: 7
A fast passive-heating setup to investigate die-attach delamination in packaged devices 一种快速被动加热装置,用于研究封装器件中的贴装分层
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028310
Tiphaine Pélisset, M. Bernardoni, M. Nelhiebel, T. Antretter
Packaged devices reliability is a topic of primary importance in product development and, in particular, die-attach reliability investigations must be integrated into the development cycle. In order to assess die-attach robustness, temperature cycle tests are performed to evaluate its thermal fatigue. The most common way for thermal cycling is the use of climatic chambers as specified in the JEDEC standard Temperature Cycling (JESD22-A104). Temperature cycling to pass qualification typically lasts between one and three months. In this work, we demonstrate and validate an alternative passive cycling concept which is roughly 10 times faster. The Devices Under Tests (DUTs) are periodically analyzed via Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) in order to determine the amount of delamination induced by the thermal cycling. A model based on Finite Elements (FE) has been developed to understand the crack propagation in the die-attach, based on a linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach.
封装器件的可靠性是产品开发中最重要的一个主题,特别是封装器件的可靠性研究必须集成到开发周期中。为了评估模接的稳健性,进行了温度循环试验来评估其热疲劳。热循环最常用的方法是使用JEDEC标准温度循环(JESD22-A104)中规定的气候室。通过温度循环通常需要一到三个月的时间。在这项工作中,我们演示并验证了一种替代的被动循环概念,其速度大约快10倍。通过扫描声学显微镜(SAM)对被测器件(DUTs)进行周期性分析,以确定热循环引起的分层量。基于线弹性断裂力学(LEFM)方法,建立了一种基于有限元(FE)的模型来理解模具接头中的裂纹扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Low stress die attach material challenges for critical Si node with Cu wire 低应力模贴材料挑战的关键硅节点与铜线
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028328
Megan Chang, Anderson Li
Low stress die attach material is of big interest for multi applications, for example, automotive, high voltage and thermal enhancement packages that require high package reliability performance; and sensitive output current applications for display driver, battery controller. The challenges of low stress die attach material started to occur when moving wire bonding technology from Au wire to Cu wire on specific Si nodes. Although it's well known that Cu wire bonding remains a challenge on bondpad with critical pad metallization or layout due to its harder wire property, however the fact that non-stick on bond pad tendency to occur on specific die attach materials with limited Si node combination became the challenge for moving forward the low stress package to low cost solutions. This paper includes the deep dive root causes investigation on the factors of die attach materials, Si nodes, and Cu wire bonding for the non-stick on pad failure. Design of experiment is carried considering materials, machines, methods include bond pad hillock, bond pad metallization thickness, wafer batch, die attach material batch, die attach material types, die attach outgas, die attach fillet height, bond line thickness, die tile, Cu wire bond jig...etc. The DOE results revealed the non-stick on pad root cause is a combination factors of die attach materials modulus at high bonding temperature, Si node under layer material types. Bond pad metallization thickness, die attach outgas, bond pad hillock... were not root cause of the bondability issue. Being the facts that Si node changed is high risk and also high cost, the solutions to overcome the non-stick on pad are mainly focus on die attach materials modulus and wire bonding technology enhancement. In this paper, we demonstrated the development of the reasonable modulus level for die attach materials to overcome the non-stick on pad issue for the sensitive Si nodes with Cu wire bonding. Besides, potential root causes are well studied via design of experiences. In the meantime, package reliability performance is well maintained post preconditioning, and stress treatment of temperature cycling per package requirement. With this study, we identify the solutions for the balance of Assembly manufacturability and package reliability.
低应力贴片材料是多种应用的大兴趣,例如,汽车,高压和热增强封装,需要高封装可靠性性能;灵敏输出电流应用于显示驱动器、电池控制器等。当在特定Si节点上从Au线到Cu线的线键合技术移动时,低应力模贴材料的挑战开始出现。虽然众所周知,由于铜丝的硬性质,对于具有关键焊盘金属化或布局的键合垫来说,铜丝键合仍然是一个挑战,然而,在硅节点组合有限的特定贴片材料上,键合垫上的不粘现象往往会发生,这一事实成为将低应力封装推向低成本解决方案的挑战。本文从模具附着材料、硅节点、铜丝粘接等方面深入探讨了造成焊盘不粘故障的根本原因。实验设计考虑材料、机器、方法,包括焊盘丘、焊盘金属化厚度、晶片批次、贴模材料批次、贴模材料类型、贴模出气量、贴模圆角高度、贴模线厚度、贴模瓦、铜丝搭接夹具等。DOE结果表明,焊盘不粘的根本原因是高键合温度下的贴片材料模量和硅节点下层材料类型的综合因素。焊盘金属化厚度、模具附着气、焊盘丘…都不是债券问题的根本原因。由于硅节点改变风险高、成本高,克服焊盘不粘的解决方案主要集中在贴片材料模量和焊丝键合技术的提高上。在本文中,我们展示了合理模量水平的发展,以克服与铜线结合的敏感硅节点在焊盘上不粘的问题。此外,潜在的根本原因也通过体验设计得到了很好的研究。同时,经过预处理和温度循环应力处理后,封装的可靠性性能得到很好的保持。通过本研究,我们找到了平衡装配可制造性和封装可靠性的解决方案。
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引用次数: 5
Package-level Si-based micro-jet impingement cooling solution with multiple drainage micro-trenches 封装级硅基多排水微沟微射流冲击冷却解决方案
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028284
Yong Han, B. L. Lau, Hengyun Zhang, Xiaowu Zhang
High heat flux removal is a major consideration in the design of a number of microelectronic devices. A Si micro cooler, combining the merits of both micro-channels and jet impingement, has been developed to dissipate the heat flux for the IC chip. Multiple drainage micro-trenches (MDMT) have been designed inside the cooler to avoid the negative cross-flow effect between the nearby nozzles. The effect of the micro-trench width on the required pressure drop is analyzed. Three types of nozzle/trench arrangements are studied. Several simulations are conducted to study the thermal effect of the distance between nozzle and trench, when the same pumping power is supplied. Without cross-flow effect, full developed jet impingement can be achieved for each nozzle. With 0.2W pumping power, the spatially average heat transfer coefficient is around 15×104W/m2K. To dissipate 350W/cm2 heat flux uniformly loaded on the Si chip, the designed micro cooler can maintain the maximum chip temperature rise lower than 25°C, and low temperature variation within the chip. The designed cooler with MDMT is also quite effective for cooling the chip with concentrated heat fluxes.
在许多微电子器件的设计中,高热流通量的去除是一个主要的考虑因素。结合微通道和射流冲击的优点,开发了一种硅微冷却器来散热芯片。冷却器内部设计了多个排水微沟(MDMT),以避免相邻喷嘴之间的负交叉流效应。分析了微沟槽宽度对所需压降的影响。研究了三种喷嘴/沟槽布置方式。在相同泵送功率的情况下,对喷嘴与沟槽距离的热效应进行了仿真研究。在没有交叉流效应的情况下,每个喷嘴都可以实现充分发展的射流冲击。当泵送功率为0.2W时,空间平均换热系数约为15×104W/m2K。为使350W/cm2的热流均匀散去加载在硅片上,所设计的微冷却器能保持芯片最大温升低于25℃,且芯片内部温度变化小。设计的带有MDMT的冷却器对集中热流的芯片也有很好的冷却效果。
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引用次数: 23
Extremely high temperature and high pressure (x-HTHP) endurable SOI device & sensor packaging for deep sea, oil and gas applications 适用于深海、石油和天然气应用的耐高温高压(x-HTHP) SOI器件和传感器封装
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028382
Daniel Rhee Min Woo, Jason Au Keng Yun, Yu Jun, Eva Wai Leong Ching, F. Che
The extremely high temperature and high pressure endurable (250°C/30 kspi) SOI based temperature sensor and voltage regulator module was developed for harsh environment application such as deep sea, oil & gas down-hole drilling and aerospace engine electronics. The hermetically sealed metal casing which can withstand external pressure up to 30 kpsi was designed and optimized through mechanical modeling and characterization. In side of this hermetic casing, the physical layout of SOI devices and ruggedized components for temperature sensor and voltage regulator was fabricated on ceramic substrate assembled by high temperature endurable interconnection materials such as Au-Sn, Au-Ge and Ag sintering materials. The developed modules are tested with specified reliability testing criteria and evaluation results shows that the packaging and interconnection showed still functional after high temperature storage (HTS) test of 250°C for 500 h and temperature cycling condition -55°C~250°C for 500 cycles. Also passed 30 kpsi pressure cycling and other deep sea and down hole drilling environment test. Those results demonstrate that current SOI sensor module with hermetically sealed metal casing package's design, material and process are considered to be applicable for extreme-HTHP application meeting huge demands in automotive, aerospace engine electronics, down-hole drilling, geothermal and deep sea applications for future.
基于SOI的温度传感器和稳压模块可承受极高的温度和高压(250°C/30 kspi),适用于深海、油气井下钻井和航空发动机电子等恶劣环境应用。通过力学建模和表征,设计并优化了可承受高达30 kpsi外部压力的密封金属套管。在这个密封外壳的侧面,SOI器件的物理布局以及温度传感器和稳压器的加固组件是在由高温耐用的互连材料(如Au-Sn, Au-Ge和Ag烧结材料)组装的陶瓷衬底上制作的。根据规定的可靠性测试标准对所开发的模块进行了测试,评估结果表明,在250°C高温储存(HTS)测试500 h和温度循环条件下-55°C~250°C 500次循环后,封装和互连仍然具有功能。同时还通过了30kpsi压力循环等深海和井下钻井环境测试。这些结果表明,目前采用密封金属外壳封装的SOI传感器模块的设计、材料和工艺可以满足未来汽车、航空发动机电子、井下钻井、地热和深海应用的巨大需求。
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引用次数: 6
Picking large thinned dies with high topography on both sides 选用两侧地势高的大薄型模具
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/EPTC.2014.7028289
C. Gerets, J. Derakhshandeh, Teng Wang, G. Capuz, A. Podpod, C. Demeurisse, K. Rebibis, Andy Miller, G. Beyer, E. Beyne
The process of picking large thinned dies, as a crucial step of the pre-assembly part in a 3D integration flow, has been investigated in this paper. Key factors affecting the yield of this process are identified to be the selection of correct collet material, the needle configuration, and ejection height. By combining correct tools and optimized process parameters, large 50 μm thick dies with dimensions up to 31.6×26 mm2 can be successfully picked. Cu and Sn micro-bumps on both sides of the thin dies are well preserved after the picking process.
本文研究了大型薄型模具的挑选过程,这是三维集成流程中预装件的关键步骤。确定了影响该工艺成品率的关键因素是正确选择夹头材料、针形和顶出高度。通过结合正确的工具和优化的工艺参数,可以成功地挑选出50 μm厚、尺寸可达31.6×26 mm2的大型模具。薄模两侧的Cu和Sn微凸起经过采摘后保存完好。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2014 IEEE 16th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC)
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