Engineering最新文献_第7页

Development and Validation of an Automatic Ultrawide-Field Fundus Imaging Enhancement System for Facilitating Clinical Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study 开发和验证自动超宽视野眼底成像增强系统以促进临床诊断：一项横断面多中心研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006

In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that takes disease characteristics into consideration. Using the Fudan University ultra-wide-field image (FDUWI) dataset, which includes 11 294 Optos pseudocolor and 2415 Zeiss true-color UWF images, each of which is rigorously annotated, UWF-Net combines global style modeling with feature-level lesion enhancement. Pathological consistency loss is also applied to maintain fundus feature integrity, significantly improving image quality. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that UWF-Net outperforms existing methods such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and structure and illumination constrained generative adversarial network (StillGAN), delivering superior retinal image quality, higher quality scores, and preserved feature details after enhancement. In disease classification tasks, images enhanced by UWF-Net showed notable improvements when processed with existing classification systems over those enhanced by StillGAN, demonstrating a 4.62% increase in sensitivity (SEN) and a 3.97% increase in accuracy (ACC). In a multicenter clinical setting, UWF-Net-enhanced images were preferred by ophthalmologic technicians and doctors, and yielded a significant reduction in diagnostic time ((13.17 ± 8.40) s for UWF-Net enhanced images vs (19.54 ± 12.40) s for original images) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (87.71% for UWF-Net enhanced images vs 80.40% for original images). Our research verifies that UWF-Net markedly improves the quality of UWF imaging, facilitating better clinical outcomes and more reliable AI-assisted disease classification. The clinical integration of UWF-Net holds great promise for enhancing diagnostic processes and patient care in ophthalmology.

在眼科领域，无论是临床实践还是人工智能（AI）辅助诊断，眼底图像的质量对于准确诊断都至关重要。尽管超宽视场（UWF）成像提供了广阔的视野，但伪彩色图像可能会掩盖精确诊断所需的关键病变。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了 UWF-Net，这是一种将疾病特征考虑在内的复杂图像增强算法。复旦大学超宽视场图像（FDUWI）数据集包括 11 294 张 Optos 伪彩色图像和 2415 张蔡司真彩超宽视场图像，每张图像都有严格的注释，UWF-Net 将全局风格建模与特征级病变增强相结合。病理一致性损失也用于保持眼底特征的完整性，从而显著提高图像质量。定量和定性评估结果表明，UWF-Net 优于对比度受限自适应直方图均衡化（CLAHE）和结构与光照约束生成式对抗网络（StillGAN）等现有方法，能提供更优越的视网膜图像质量、更高的质量分数以及增强后保留的特征细节。在疾病分类任务中，经 UWF-Net 增强的图像在使用现有分类系统处理时，比经 StillGAN 增强的图像有明显改善，灵敏度（SEN）提高了 4.62%，准确度（ACC）提高了 3.97%。在多中心临床环境中，UWF-Net 增强图像受到眼科技术人员和医生的青睐，显著缩短了诊断时间（UWF-Net 增强图像为（13.17 ± 8.40）秒，原始图像为（19.54 ± 12.40）秒），提高了诊断准确性（UWF-Net 增强图像为 87.71%，原始图像为 80.40%）。我们的研究证实，UWF-Net 能显著提高 UWF 成像的质量，促进更好的临床结果和更可靠的人工智能辅助疾病分类。UWF-Net的临床整合为提高眼科诊断流程和患者护理带来了巨大希望。

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引用次数: 0

Innovations Not Enough—Yet—to Make Headset Market an Actual Reality 创新还不足以让耳机市场成为现实

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.011

Chris Palmer (Senior Technology Writer)

引用次数: 0

Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting 通过孔几何拟合金属有机框架从裂解气中直接提纯乙烯

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024

The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C₂H₄ from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging. Herein, an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with pillar-layered structures, dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13. Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation, TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₆, C₂H₂, and CO₂ over C₂H₄; its C₂H₆/C₂H₄ adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56, surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe₂(O₂)(dobdc) (dobdc⁴⁻ = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate). The weak π–π stacking binding affinity toward C₂H₄ in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C₂H₄ can be directly obtained from binary, ternary, quaternary, and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95% purity.

从复杂的轻烃混合物中一步直接分离出聚合物级 C2H4 具有重要的工业意义，但却非常具有挑战性。本文采用乙烯吸附弱化策略精确调节了四种具有柱层结构的定制金属有机框架（MOFs）（命名为 TYUT-10/11/12/13）的孔几何形状。基于其孔隙几何设计和官能团调节，TYUT-12 对 C3H8、C3H6、C2H6、C2H2 和 CO2 的吸附选择性超过了 C2H4；其对 C2H6/C2H4 的吸附选择性达到了 4.56，超过了 Fe2(O2)(dobdc)（dobdc4- = 2,5-二氧代-1,4-苯二甲酸酯）的 4.4 记录值。中子粉末衍射测量和理论计算相结合，清楚地证明了 TYUT-12 中 C2H4 的弱π-π 堆积结合亲和力。突破性实验证明，可以直接从二元、三元、四元和六元轻烃混合物中获得 C2H4，纯度超过 99.95%。

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引用次数: 0

Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects for New Types of Aerial Robots 新型空中机器人的现状、挑战和前景

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008

Xidong Zhou , Hang Zhong , Hui Zhang , Wei He , Hean Hua , Yaonan Wang

New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics of morphability, biomimicry, multi-modal locomotion, and manipulator attachment as NTARs. Subsequently, this paper discusses the latest research progress in the materials and manufacturing technology, actuation technology, and perception and control technology of NTARs. Thereafter, the research status of NTAR systems is summarized, focusing on the frontier development and application cases of flapping-wing micro-air vehicles, perching aerial robots, amphibious robots, and operational aerial robots. Finally, the main challenges presented by NTARs in terms of energy, materials, and perception are analyzed, and the future development trends of NTARs are summarized in terms of size and endurance, mechatronics, and complex scenarios, providing a reference direction for the follow-up exploration of NTARs.

新型空中机器人（NTARs）已在军事、民用、科研、灾害管理和其他各个领域得到广泛应用。与传统的空中机器人相比，NTARs 表现出更广泛的形态多样性、运动能力和更强的操作能力。因此，本研究将具有可变形性、生物仿生性、多模式运动性和机械手附着性四个特征的空中机器人定义为 NTAR。随后，本文讨论了 NTAR 在材料与制造技术、执行技术以及感知与控制技术方面的最新研究进展。随后，本文总结了 NTAR 系统的研究现状，重点介绍了拍翼式微型飞行器、栖息式空中机器人、水陆两栖机器人和作业型空中机器人的前沿发展和应用案例。最后，分析了NTAR在能源、材料、感知等方面面临的主要挑战，并从尺寸与续航、机电一体化、复杂场景等方面总结了NTAR的未来发展趋势，为NTAR的后续探索提供了参考方向。

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引用次数: 0

The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology: A Disruptive Innovation Perspective 环境工程技术的未来：颠覆性创新视角

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009

Hui Huang, Junjie Lu, Lili Jin, Hongqiang Ren

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies. However, few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies. This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment, air pollution control, soil/solid waste management, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering equipment, emerging contaminants, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization, low carbonization, and intelligentization. Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation, and ten such technologies are proposed, covering general and specific fields, technical links, and value sources. Additionally, the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail. This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

科技革命和产业变革加快了环境工程技术的创新速度。然而，很少有研究人员对技术的现状和未来趋势进行评估。本文基于文献计量学分析和绿色化、低碳化、智能化的未来发展趋势，总结了环境工程八大子领域--水处理、大气污染控制、土壤/固体废弃物管理、环境生物技术、环境工程装备、新兴污染物、污染与碳排放协同减排、环境风险与智能管理的研究现状。根据非连续性转化，进一步确定了颠覆性技术，并提出了十项此类技术，涵盖一般和特定领域、技术环节和价值来源。此外，还详细阐释了颠覆性技术的背景和关键创新点。这项研究不仅为环境工程领域的战略决策、规划和实施提供了科学依据，也为其他领域研究和确定突破性技术提供了方法论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water 利用气泡和油从水中捕捉微塑料

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021

The removal of microplastics (MPs) from water using oil has shown early promise; however, incorporation of this technique into a feasible in situ method has yet to be developed. Here, a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of > 98%. Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation, and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are used. Due to the low agitation provided by the bubbles, the oil layer remains unbroken, meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water phase. In this way, secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration, another effective removal method, in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and ageing. It is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range (50–170 μm) has minor impact on the removal efficiency; however, 100% removal is achieved for larger, millimeter-sized MPs (500–5000 μm). Similarly, a high removal efficiency of greater than 99% is achieved in the capture of microfibers. Other factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and discussed. Based on these results, the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.

利用油类去除水中的微塑料（MPs）已初见成效；然而，将这一技术融入可行的现场方法仍有待开发。本文展示了一种简单而有效的方法，即利用带有气泡的植物油从水中捕捉微塑料，其去除率高达 98%。与其他搅拌方法相比，使用气泡的去除率更高。由于气泡的搅拌作用较小，油层不会被破坏，这意味着不会有油释放到散装水相中。这样就避免了二次污染--这与膜过滤（另一种有效的去除方法）不同，在膜过滤中，基于聚合物的膜会因化学反冲洗和老化而损坏。研究表明，微米级（50-170 μm）的 MP 尺寸变化对去除效率的影响较小；但对于较大的毫米级 MP（500-5000 μm），去除率可达 100%。同样，在捕获微纤维时也能达到 99% 以上的高去除率。此外，还对油量和水盐度等其他因素进行了研究和讨论。基于这些结果，所提出的方法可以作为一种被动和连续的 MP 捕获方法，被引入到多种环境类型中。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the Resilience of Urban Rail Transit: Concepts, Reviews, and Trends 了解城市轨道交通的复原力：概念、评论和趋势

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022

As the scale of urban rail transit (URT) networks expands, the study of URT resilience is essential for safe and efficient operations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of URT resilience and highlights potential trends and directions for future research. First, URT resilience is defined by three primary abilities: absorption, resistance, and recovery, and four properties: robustness, vulnerability, rapidity, and redundancy. Then, the metrics and assessment approaches for URT resilience were summarized. The metrics are divided into three categories: topology-based, characteristic-based, and performance-based, and the assessment methods are divided into four categories: topological, simulation, optimization, and data-driven. Comparisons of various metrics and assessment approaches revealed that the current research trend in URT resilience is increasingly favoring the integration of traditional methods, such as conventional complex network analysis and operations optimization theory, with new techniques like big data and intelligent computing technology, to accurately assess URT resilience. Finally, five potential trends and directions for future research were identified: analyzing resilience based on multisource data, optimizing train diagram in multiple scenarios, accurate response to passenger demand through new technologies, coupling and optimizing passenger and traffic flows, and optimal line design.

随着城市轨道交通（URT）网络规模的扩大，对城市轨道交通复原力的研究对于安全高效的运营至关重要。本文全面回顾了城市轨道交通的抗灾能力，并强调了未来研究的潜在趋势和方向。首先，城市轨道交通的复原力由三种主要能力（吸收、抵抗和恢复）和四种特性（稳健性、脆弱性、快速性和冗余性）定义。然后，总结了 URT 复原力的衡量标准和评估方法。指标分为三类：基于拓扑、基于特征和基于性能；评估方法分为四类：拓扑、模拟、优化和数据驱动。通过对各种指标和评估方法的比较发现，当前城市轨道交通弹性的研究趋势越来越倾向于将传统的复杂网络分析、运筹优化理论等传统方法与大数据、智能计算技术等新技术相结合，以准确评估城市轨道交通的弹性。最后，确定了未来研究的五大潜在趋势和方向：基于多源数据的弹性分析、多场景下的列车图优化、通过新技术准确响应乘客需求、客流与车流的耦合与优化、优化线路设计。

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引用次数: 0

Newly Launched Satellite Seeks to Keep Methane Emitters Honest 新发射的卫星力求让甲烷排放者诚实守信

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.012

Sean O’Neill (Senior Technology Writer)

引用次数: 0

Bio-Inspired Screwed Conduits from the Microfluidic Rope-Coiling Effect for Microvessels and Bronchioles 用于微血管和支气管的微流体绳索-卷绕效应的生物螺纹导管

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.018

Rui Liu , Jiahui Guo , Bin Kong , Yunru Yu , Yuanjin Zhao , Lingyun Sun

Tubular microfibers have recently attracted extensive interest for applications in tissue engineering. However, the fabrication of tubular fibers with intricate hierarchical structures remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel one-step microfluidic spinning method to generate bio-inspired screwed conduits (BSCs). Based on the microfluidic rope-coiling effect, a viscous hydrogel precursor is first curved into a helix stream in the channel, and then consecutively packed as a hollow structured stream and gelated into a screwed conduit (SC) via ionic and covalent crosslinking. By taking advantage of the excellent fluid-controlling ability of microfluidics, various tubes with diverse structures are fabricated via simple control over fluid velocities and multiple microfluidic device designs. The perfusability and permeability results, as well as the encapsulation and culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAs), and myogenic cells (C2C12), demonstrate that these SCs have good perfusability and permeability and the ability to induce the formation of functional biostructures. These features support the uniqueness and potential applications of these BSCs as biomimetic blood vessels and bronchiole tissues in combination with tissue microstructures, with likely application possibilities in biomedical engineering.

最近，管状微纤维在组织工程中的应用引起了广泛关注。然而，制造具有复杂分层结构的管状纤维仍然是一项重大挑战。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的一步法微流体纺丝方法来生成生物启发螺旋导管（BSC）。基于微流体的卷绳效应，粘性水凝胶前体首先在通道中弯曲成螺旋流，然后连续包装成空心结构流，并通过离子和共价交联凝胶化成螺旋导管（SC）。利用微流体技术出色的流体控制能力，通过对流体速度的简单控制和多种微流体装置设计，可以制造出各种不同结构的管道。灌注性和渗透性结果以及人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）、人肺泡上皮细胞（HPAs）和肌源细胞（C2C12）的封装和培养结果表明，这些 SCs 具有良好的灌注性和渗透性，并能诱导形成功能性生物结构。这些特点支持了这些 BSCs 作为生物仿真血管和支气管组织的独特性和潜在应用，并与组织微结构相结合，有可能应用于生物医学工程。

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引用次数: 0

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China 中国大跨度拱桥最新施工技术创新与实践

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.019

Jielian Zheng

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions. In particular, concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology, engineering materials, and construction equipment over the past 30 years. Under the leadership of the author, two record-breaking arch bridges—that is, the Pingnan Third Bridge (a CFST arch bridge), with a span of 560 m, and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge (an SRC arch bridge), with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years, embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges. This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China. The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods, new in-tube concrete materials, in-tube concrete pouring techniques, a novel thrust abutment foundation for non-rocky terrain, and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities. The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection, the development of encasing concrete materials, encasing concrete pouring, arch rib stress mitigation, and longitudinal reinforcement optimization. To conclude, future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

在适当的条件下，拱桥可带来巨大的技术和经济效益。其中，混凝土灌注钢管（CFST）拱桥和钢筋混凝土（SRC）拱桥是近 30 年来随着施工技术、工程材料和施工设备的进步而获得巨大经济竞争力和跨度增长潜力的两种拱桥类型。在笔者的领导下，近五年来建成了两座创纪录的拱桥--跨度达 560 米的屏南三桥（CFST 拱桥）和跨度达 600 米的天峨龙潭大桥（SRC 拱桥），体现了这两种拱桥建设技术上的巨大突破。本文以这两座拱桥为例，系统总结了我国 CFST 拱桥和 SRC 拱桥建设的最新技术创新与实践。CFST 拱桥的技术创新包括斜拉扣挂式悬臂拼装方法、新型管内混凝土材料、管内混凝土浇筑技术、适用于非岩石地形的新型推力墩台基础以及减少临时设施数量的措施。SRC 拱桥的技术创新涉及拱骨架刚度选择、套筒混凝土材料开发、套筒混凝土浇筑、拱肋应力缓解和纵向钢筋优化。最后，提出了这两种拱桥未来的研究重点和发展方向。

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引用次数: 0