Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.005
Shoujuan Yu , Ziyang Li , Xiaoxu Zhang , Qi Zhang , Liwei Zhang , Liang Zhao , Ping Liu , Jie Guo , Juan Chen , Chengying Zhang , Xinjuan Liu , Mengyang Yu , Dekui Jin , Xiaofeng Wang , Guang Li , Yan Cao , Fazheng Ren , Ran Wang
Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging. During the aging process, the skin’s barrier function diminishes, its water content decreases, wrinkles begin to form, and changes occur in the gut microbiota composition. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and skin aging remains unclear. In this study, we explored skin rejuvenation in aged mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using feces from young mice. The results demonstrated enhanced water retention, thickened stratum corneum, increased collagen content, and improved epithelial cell differentiation in aged mice following FMT. Notably, FMT particularly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in aged mice, which were nearly undetectable in untreated aged mice. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics analyses indicated that FMT significantly elevated levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its microbiota metabolites (e.g., indole-3-lactic acid (ILA)) in the feces and serum of aged mice. Both Trp and ILA appeared to rejuvenate aged skin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to promote epidermal cell differentiation. In conclusion, FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged skin via Trp-metabolizing bacteria (Lactobacillus and Lactococcus) and Trp-derived metabolites, suggesting that interventions targeting Trp metabolites may effectively improve skin aging.
{"title":"Skin Rejuvenation in Aged Mice by Fecal Transplantation Microbiota from Young Mice Feces","authors":"Shoujuan Yu , Ziyang Li , Xiaoxu Zhang , Qi Zhang , Liwei Zhang , Liang Zhao , Ping Liu , Jie Guo , Juan Chen , Chengying Zhang , Xinjuan Liu , Mengyang Yu , Dekui Jin , Xiaofeng Wang , Guang Li , Yan Cao , Fazheng Ren , Ran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging. During the aging process, the skin’s barrier function diminishes, its water content decreases, wrinkles begin to form, and changes occur in the gut microbiota composition. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and skin aging remains unclear. In this study, we explored skin rejuvenation in aged mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using feces from young mice. The results demonstrated enhanced water retention, thickened stratum corneum, increased collagen content, and improved epithelial cell differentiation in aged mice following FMT. Notably, FMT particularly increased the abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> in aged mice, which were nearly undetectable in untreated aged mice. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics analyses indicated that FMT significantly elevated levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its microbiota metabolites (e.g., indole-3-lactic acid (ILA)) in the feces and serum of aged mice. Both Trp and ILA appeared to rejuvenate aged skin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to promote epidermal cell differentiation. In conclusion, FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged skin via Trp-metabolizing bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em>) and Trp-derived metabolites, suggesting that interventions targeting Trp metabolites may effectively improve skin aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.007
Caineng Zou , Zhengfu Zhao , Songqi Pan , Jia Yin , Guanwen Lu , Fangliang Fu , Ming Yuan , Hanlin Liu , Guosheng Zhang , Cui Luo , Wei Wang , Zhenhua Jing
The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi (Є1q) shale in the Sichuan Basin, formerly considered a source rock, recently achieved high gas production (7.388 × 105 m3·d−1) from well Z201 in the Deyang–Anyue rift trough (DART), marking an exploration breakthrough of the world’s oldest industrial shale gas reservoir. However, the shale gas enrichment mechanism within the DART is not fully understood. This study reviews the formation of the Qiongzhusi shale gas reservoirs within the DART by comparing them with cotemporaneous deposits outside the DART, and several findings are presented. The gas production interval was correlated with the main phase of the Cambrian explosion (lower Cambrian stage 3). In the early Cambrian ecosystem, dominant animals likely accelerated the settling rates of organic matter (OM) in the upper 1st member of Є1q (Є1q12) by feeding on small planktonic organisms and producing larger organic fragments and fecal pellets. High primary productivity and euxinic conditions contributed to OM enrichment in the lower 1st member of Є1q (Є1q11). Additionally, shale reservoirs inside the DART demonstrated better properties than those outside in terms of thickness, brittle minerals, gas content, and porosity. In particular, the abundant OM pores inside the DART facilitated shale gas enrichment, whereas the higher thermal maturity of the shales outside the DART possibly led to the graphitization and collapse of some OM pores. Meanwhile, the overpressure of high-production wells inside the DART generally reflects better shale gas preservation, benefiting from the shale’s self-sealing nature, “upper capping and lower plugging” configuration, and limited faults and microfractures. Considering these insights, we introduced a “ternary enrichment” model for the Qiongzhusi shale gas. Although the current high gas production of Z201 was found at the reservoir 3, two additional reservoirs were identified with significant potential, thus suggesting a “multilayer stereoscopic development” strategy in future shale gas exploration within the DART.
{"title":"Unveiling the Oldest Industrial Shale Gas Reservoir: Insights for the Enrichment Pattern and Exploration Direction of Lower Cambrian Shale Gas in the Sichuan Basin","authors":"Caineng Zou , Zhengfu Zhao , Songqi Pan , Jia Yin , Guanwen Lu , Fangliang Fu , Ming Yuan , Hanlin Liu , Guosheng Zhang , Cui Luo , Wei Wang , Zhenhua Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi (Є<sub>1</sub>q) shale in the Sichuan Basin, formerly considered a source rock, recently achieved high gas production (7.388 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>) from well Z201 in the Deyang–Anyue rift trough (DART), marking an exploration breakthrough of the world’s oldest industrial shale gas reservoir. However, the shale gas enrichment mechanism within the DART is not fully understood. This study reviews the formation of the Qiongzhusi shale gas reservoirs within the DART by comparing them with cotemporaneous deposits outside the DART, and several findings are presented. The gas production interval was correlated with the main phase of the Cambrian explosion (lower Cambrian stage 3). In the early Cambrian ecosystem, dominant animals likely accelerated the settling rates of organic matter (OM) in the upper 1st member of Є<sub>1</sub>q (Є<sub>1</sub>q1<sub>2</sub>) by feeding on small planktonic organisms and producing larger organic fragments and fecal pellets. High primary productivity and euxinic conditions contributed to OM enrichment in the lower 1st member of Є<sub>1</sub>q (Є<sub>1</sub>q1<sub>1</sub>). Additionally, shale reservoirs inside the DART demonstrated better properties than those outside in terms of thickness, brittle minerals, gas content, and porosity. In particular, the abundant OM pores inside the DART facilitated shale gas enrichment, whereas the higher thermal maturity of the shales outside the DART possibly led to the graphitization and collapse of some OM pores. Meanwhile, the overpressure of high-production wells inside the DART generally reflects better shale gas preservation, benefiting from the shale’s self-sealing nature, “upper capping and lower plugging” configuration, and limited faults and microfractures. Considering these insights, we introduced a “ternary enrichment” model for the Qiongzhusi shale gas. Although the current high gas production of Z201 was found at the reservoir 3, two additional reservoirs were identified with significant potential, thus suggesting a “multilayer stereoscopic development” strategy in future shale gas exploration within the DART.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 278-294"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010
Peng An , Sitong Wan , Langrun Wang , Tiancheng Xu , Teng Xu , Yonghui Wang , Jin Liu , Keji Li , Xifan Wang , Jingjing He , Simin Liu
The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of heterogeneity and potential effect modifiers. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2024 that reported estimates for the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors and relevant baseline covariates of RCT participants. A total of 17 656 participants from 99 RCTs were analyzed, and weighted mean differences (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the intervention status were derived using random-effects modeling. Overall, compared with the placebo, vitamin D supplementation (median dose: 3320 international unit (IU)·day−1; range 40–120 000 IU·day−1) had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP; −2.04 (95% CI, −3.50, −0.59) mmHg; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; −3.00 (95% CI, −3.61, −2.39) mmHg), total cholesterol (TC; −0.12 (95% CI, −0.21, −0.03) mmol·L−1), fasting blood glucose (FBG; −0.13 (95% CI, −0.20, −0.05) mmol·L−1), hemoglobin A1C (A1C; −0.09% (95% CI, −0.13%, −0.05%)), and fasting blood insulin (FBI: −7.61 (95% CI, −11.93, −3.30) pmol·L−1). The benefits of vitamin D were most evident in trials performed in non-Westerners, participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) lower than 15.0 ng·mL−1, non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg·m−2), and older (age ≥ 50 years). The findings of this study underscore the need for personalized vitamin D intervention strategies that comprehensively account for individual patient characteristics (such as ethnocultural background, age, BMI, and circulating 25[OH]D level), intervention dosage, and intervention duration to optimize cardiometabolic health outcomes.
{"title":"Modifiers of the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Peng An , Sitong Wan , Langrun Wang , Tiancheng Xu , Teng Xu , Yonghui Wang , Jin Liu , Keji Li , Xifan Wang , Jingjing He , Simin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of heterogeneity and potential effect modifiers. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2024 that reported estimates for the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors and relevant baseline covariates of RCT participants. A total of 17 656 participants from 99 RCTs were analyzed, and weighted mean differences (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the intervention status were derived using random-effects modeling. Overall, compared with the placebo, vitamin D supplementation (median dose: 3320 international unit (IU)·day<sup>−1</sup>; range 40–120 000 IU·day<sup>−1</sup>) had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP; −2.04 (95% CI, −3.50, −0.59) mmHg; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; −3.00 (95% CI, −3.61, −2.39) mmHg), total cholesterol (TC; −0.12 (95% CI, −0.21, −0.03) mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>), fasting blood glucose (FBG; −0.13 (95% CI, −0.20, −0.05) mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>), hemoglobin A1C (A1C; −0.09% (95% CI, −0.13%, −0.05%)), and fasting blood insulin (FBI: −7.61 (95% CI, −11.93, −3.30) pmol·L<sup>−1</sup>). The benefits of vitamin D were most evident in trials performed in non-Westerners, participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) lower than 15.0 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup>, non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>), and older (age ≥ 50 years). The findings of this study underscore the need for personalized vitamin D intervention strategies that comprehensively account for individual patient characteristics (such as ethnocultural background, age, BMI, and circulating 25[OH]D level), intervention dosage, and intervention duration to optimize cardiometabolic health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.015
Daxin Tian , Jianshan Zhou , Xu Han , Ping Lang
Obstacle detection and platoon control for mixed traffic flows, comprising human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), face challenges from uncertain disturbances, such as sensor faults, inaccurate driver operations, and mismatched model errors. Furthermore, misleading sensing information or malicious attacks in vehicular wireless networks can jeopardize CAVs’ perception and platoon safety. In this paper, we develop a two-dimensional robust control method for a mixed platoon, including a single leading CAV and multiple following HDVs that incorporate robust information sensing and platoon control. To effectively detect and locate unknown obstacles ahead of the leading CAV, we propose a cooperative vehicle–infrastructure sensing scheme and integrate it with an adaptive model predictive control scheme for the leading CAV. This sensing scheme fuses information from multiple nodes while suppressing malicious data from attackers to enhance robustness and attack resilience in a distributed and adaptive manner. Additionally, we propose a distributed car-following control scheme with robustness to guarantee the following HDVs, considering uncertain disturbances. We also provide theoretical proof of the string stability under this control framework. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to validate our approach. The simulation results demonstrate that our method can effectively filter out misleading sensing information from malicious attackers, significantly reduce the mean-square deviation in obstacle sensing, and approach the theoretical error lower bound. Moreover, the proposed control method successfully achieves obstacle avoidance for the mixed platoon while ensuring stability and robustness in the face of external attacks and uncertain disturbances.
{"title":"Robust Platoon Control of Mixed Autonomous and Human-Driven Vehicles for Obstacle Collision Avoidance: A Cooperative Sensing-Based Adaptive Model Predictive Control Approach","authors":"Daxin Tian , Jianshan Zhou , Xu Han , Ping Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstacle detection and platoon control for mixed traffic flows, comprising human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), face challenges from uncertain disturbances, such as sensor faults, inaccurate driver operations, and mismatched model errors. Furthermore, misleading sensing information or malicious attacks in vehicular wireless networks can jeopardize CAVs’ perception and platoon safety. In this paper, we develop a two-dimensional robust control method for a mixed platoon, including a single leading CAV and multiple following HDVs that incorporate robust information sensing and platoon control. To effectively detect and locate unknown obstacles ahead of the leading CAV, we propose a cooperative vehicle–infrastructure sensing scheme and integrate it with an adaptive model predictive control scheme for the leading CAV. This sensing scheme fuses information from multiple nodes while suppressing malicious data from attackers to enhance robustness and attack resilience in a distributed and adaptive manner. Additionally, we propose a distributed car-following control scheme with robustness to guarantee the following HDVs, considering uncertain disturbances. We also provide theoretical proof of the string stability under this control framework. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to validate our approach. The simulation results demonstrate that our method can effectively filter out misleading sensing information from malicious attackers, significantly reduce the mean-square deviation in obstacle sensing, and approach the theoretical error lower bound. Moreover, the proposed control method successfully achieves obstacle avoidance for the mixed platoon while ensuring stability and robustness in the face of external attacks and uncertain disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 244-266"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.007
Chris Palmer
{"title":"Old MacDonald Has a New Animal on the Farm—Insects","authors":"Chris Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.005
Mitch Leslie
{"title":"AI Increasingly Makes the Calls, But Human Referees Still Rule—Mostly","authors":"Mitch Leslie","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.009
Rui Song , Guang Li , Liang Zhao , Lili Qiu , Xiyu Qin , Xiaoxu Zhang , Xiaoxue Liu , Jun Zhou , Mengxiao Hu , Liwei Zhang , Jiaqi Su , Xinjuan Liu , Xiaoyu Wang
As the global demographic shifts toward an aging population, understanding the efficiency of protein utilization in older adults becomes crucial. Our study explores the intricate relationship between protein intake and aging, with a focus on precision nutrition for older people. Through a meta-analysis, we confirm a decline in protein-utilization capacity in older individuals and examine the different contributions of plant and animal protein. In experiments involving mice of different ages, older mice exhibited decreases in the biological utilization of four proteins (casein, beef protein, soy protein, and gluten), particularly casein. In subsequent research, casein was studied as a key protein. A decline in gastric digestion function was observed through peptidomics and the examination of pepsin levels using casein. Nevertheless, this decline did not significantly affect the overall protein digestion during the aging process. The combined application of targeted amino acid metabolomics identified abnormal absorption of amino acids as the underlying cause of decreased protein utilization during aging, particularly emphasizing a reduction in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in older mice. Delving deeper into the proteomics of the intestinal protein digestion and absorption pathway, a reduction of over 60% in large neutral amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2) protein expression was observed in both older humans and aged mice. The reduction in LAT2 protein was found to be a key factor influencing the diminished BCAA availability. Overall, our study establishes the significance of amino acid absorption through LAT2 in protein utilization during aging and offers a new theoretical foundation for improving protein utilization in the older adults.
{"title":"Decreased Amino Acid Transporter LAT2 Is the Main Determinant of Impaired Protein Utilization During Aging","authors":"Rui Song , Guang Li , Liang Zhao , Lili Qiu , Xiyu Qin , Xiaoxu Zhang , Xiaoxue Liu , Jun Zhou , Mengxiao Hu , Liwei Zhang , Jiaqi Su , Xinjuan Liu , Xiaoyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global demographic shifts toward an aging population, understanding the efficiency of protein utilization in older adults becomes crucial. Our study explores the intricate relationship between protein intake and aging, with a focus on precision nutrition for older people. Through a meta-analysis, we confirm a decline in protein-utilization capacity in older individuals and examine the different contributions of plant and animal protein. In experiments involving mice of different ages, older mice exhibited decreases in the biological utilization of four proteins (casein, beef protein, soy protein, and gluten), particularly casein. In subsequent research, casein was studied as a key protein. A decline in gastric digestion function was observed through peptidomics and the examination of pepsin levels using casein. Nevertheless, this decline did not significantly affect the overall protein digestion during the aging process. The combined application of targeted amino acid metabolomics identified abnormal absorption of amino acids as the underlying cause of decreased protein utilization during aging, particularly emphasizing a reduction in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in older mice. Delving deeper into the proteomics of the intestinal protein digestion and absorption pathway, a reduction of over 60% in large neutral amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2) protein expression was observed in both older humans and aged mice. The reduction in LAT2 protein was found to be a key factor influencing the diminished BCAA availability. Overall, our study establishes the significance of amino acid absorption through LAT2 in protein utilization during aging and offers a new theoretical foundation for improving protein utilization in the older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.016
Hong-Yun Zhang , Wei-Dan Jiang , Pei Wu , Yang Liu , Hong-Mei Ren , Xiao-Wan Jin , Xiao-Qiu Zhou , Lin Feng
Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin, poses a significant global hazard to human and animal health. Natural products (NPs) have shown promise for mitigating the adverse effects of ZEA owing to their diverse functional activities. However, the current challenge lies in the absence of an efficient strategy for systematic screening and identification of NPs that can effectively protect against ZEA-induced toxicity. This study describes a phenotype-based screening strategy for screening NP libraries and discovering more effective compounds to mitigate or counteract the adverse consequences of ZEA exposure in animals. Using this strategy, we initially identified 96 NPs and evaluated the potency and efficacy of two effective candidate compounds, fraxetin, and hydroxytyrosol, based on embryonic phenotype and locomotor activity using a scoring system and the TCMacro method. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome and protein−protein interaction (PPI) network analyses to extract two mRNA signatures to query the Connectivity Map (CMap) database and predict NPs. The predicted NPs showed the potential to reverse the gene expression profiles associated with ZEA toxicity. Consequently, we further screened these compounds using our model, which indicated that hispidin, daphnetin, and riboflavin exhibit promising in vivo efficacy in zebrafish. Notably, throughout the process, fraxetin consistently stood out as the most promising NP. Biological pathway analysis and functional verification revealed that fraxetin completely reversed the toxic effects of ZEA at very low doses. This was achieved by repairing damaged cell apoptosis, modifying the cell cycle pathway, and preventing senescence induction, indicating good application potential. Overall, we demonstrated that this integration strategy can be successfully applied to effectively discover potential antidotes.
{"title":"Revealing High-Efficiency Natural Mycotoxin Antidotes in Zebrafish Model Screening Against Zearalenone-Induced Toxicity","authors":"Hong-Yun Zhang , Wei-Dan Jiang , Pei Wu , Yang Liu , Hong-Mei Ren , Xiao-Wan Jin , Xiao-Qiu Zhou , Lin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin, poses a significant global hazard to human and animal health. Natural products (NPs) have shown promise for mitigating the adverse effects of ZEA owing to their diverse functional activities. However, the current challenge lies in the absence of an efficient strategy for systematic screening and identification of NPs that can effectively protect against ZEA-induced toxicity. This study describes a phenotype-based screening strategy for screening NP libraries and discovering more effective compounds to mitigate or counteract the adverse consequences of ZEA exposure in animals. Using this strategy, we initially identified 96 NPs and evaluated the potency and efficacy of two effective candidate compounds, fraxetin, and hydroxytyrosol, based on embryonic phenotype and locomotor activity using a scoring system and the TCMacro method. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome and protein−protein interaction (PPI) network analyses to extract two mRNA signatures to query the Connectivity Map (CMap) database and predict NPs. The predicted NPs showed the potential to reverse the gene expression profiles associated with ZEA toxicity. Consequently, we further screened these compounds using our model, which indicated that hispidin, daphnetin, and riboflavin exhibit promising <em>in vivo</em> efficacy in zebrafish. Notably, throughout the process, fraxetin consistently stood out as the most promising NP. Biological pathway analysis and functional verification revealed that fraxetin completely reversed the toxic effects of ZEA at very low doses. This was achieved by repairing damaged cell apoptosis, modifying the cell cycle pathway, and preventing senescence induction, indicating good application potential. Overall, we demonstrated that this integration strategy can be successfully applied to effectively discover potential antidotes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 196-212"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.025
Zong Lu , Haoyu Wu , Yanying Wei , Haihui Wang
Transport channels with ultrahigh K+ selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings, but constructing ionic channels with promising K+ selectivity and permeability remains a challenge. Here, an asymmetric bilayer membrane based on MXene (Ti3C2Tx) lamellar channels consisting of a recognition layer (RL) on top of an enhancement layer (EL) exhibits an amazing Matthew effect: amplification of the preferred transport of K+, resulting in an excellent K+-separation performance. The K+ ion is selected by the 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether-modified RL, owing to preferential affinity energy, and then rapidly transported as a hydrated ion through the EL, based on the confinement effect. Other undesired ions such as Na+ are hindered from entering the RL by the preferred K+ occupation of the crown ether. The MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-based Matthew membrane presents high K+-permeation rates of 0.1–0.2 mol∙m−2∙h−1, with a significant K+/Na+ selectivity of 5–9. The molecular separation mechanism of the Matthew membrane is investigated deeply to explore the nature of the Matthew amplification effect on K+ sieving, where the precise matching of the RL and EL within the membrane governs the fast K+ permeation with good selectivity. The asymmetric structure of our Matthew membrane is the key to understanding the biological function of ion channels for precise and fast ion transport, which will guide us in the creation of artificial ion channels or membranes.
{"title":"A Matthew MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Lamellar Membrane as a Potassium-Sieving Amplifier","authors":"Zong Lu , Haoyu Wu , Yanying Wei , Haihui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport channels with ultrahigh K<sup>+</sup> selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings, but constructing ionic channels with promising K<sup>+</sup> selectivity and permeability remains a challenge. Here, an asymmetric bilayer membrane based on MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<em><sub>x</sub></em>) lamellar channels consisting of a recognition layer (RL) on top of an enhancement layer (EL) exhibits an amazing Matthew effect: amplification of the preferred transport of K<sup>+</sup>, resulting in an excellent K<sup>+</sup>-separation performance. The K<sup>+</sup> ion is selected by the 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether-modified RL, owing to preferential affinity energy, and then rapidly transported as a hydrated ion through the EL, based on the confinement effect. Other undesired ions such as Na<sup>+</sup> are hindered from entering the RL by the preferred K<sup>+</sup> occupation of the crown ether. The MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<em><sub>x</sub></em>)-based Matthew membrane presents high K<sup>+</sup>-permeation rates of 0.1–0.2 mol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙h<sup>−1</sup>, with a significant K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> selectivity of 5–9. The molecular separation mechanism of the Matthew membrane is investigated deeply to explore the nature of the Matthew amplification effect on K<sup>+</sup> sieving, where the precise matching of the RL and EL within the membrane governs the fast K<sup>+</sup> permeation with good selectivity. The asymmetric structure of our Matthew membrane is the key to understanding the biological function of ion channels for precise and fast ion transport, which will guide us in the creation of artificial ion channels or membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop phenomics has rapidly progressed in recent years due to the growing need for crop functional genomics, digital breeding, and smart cultivation. Despite this advancement, the lack of standards for the creation and usage of crop phenomics technology and equipment has become a bottleneck, limiting the industry’s high-quality development. This paper begins with an overview of the crop phenotyping industry and presents an industrial mapping of technology and equipment for big data in crop phenomics. It analyzes the necessity and current state of constructing a standard framework for crop phenotyping. Furthermore, this paper proposes the intended organizational structure and goals of the standard framework. It details the essentials of the standard framework in the research and development of hardware and equipment, data acquisition, and the storage and management of crop phenotyping data. Finally, it discusses promoting the construction and evaluation of the standard framework, aiming to provide ideas for developing a high-quality standard framework for crop phenotyping.
{"title":"Standard Framework Construction of Technology and Equipment for Big Data in Crop Phenomics","authors":"Weiliang Wen , Shenghao Gu , Ying Zhang , Wanneng Yang , Xinyu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop phenomics has rapidly progressed in recent years due to the growing need for crop functional genomics, digital breeding, and smart cultivation. Despite this advancement, the lack of standards for the creation and usage of crop phenomics technology and equipment has become a bottleneck, limiting the industry’s high-quality development. This paper begins with an overview of the crop phenotyping industry and presents an industrial mapping of technology and equipment for big data in crop phenomics. It analyzes the necessity and current state of constructing a standard framework for crop phenotyping. Furthermore, this paper proposes the intended organizational structure and goals of the standard framework. It details the essentials of the standard framework in the research and development of hardware and equipment, data acquisition, and the storage and management of crop phenotyping data. Finally, it discusses promoting the construction and evaluation of the standard framework, aiming to provide ideas for developing a high-quality standard framework for crop phenotyping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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