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Wastewater Surveillance Provides Spatiotemporal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics 废水监测提供 SARS-CoV-2 感染的时空动态信息
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.016

Wastewater surveillance (WWS) can leverage its wide coverage, population-based sampling, and high monitoring frequency to capture citywide pandemic trends independent of clinical surveillance. Here we conducted a nine months daily WWS for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), covering approximately 80% of the population, to monitor infection dynamics in Hong Kong, China. We found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in wastewater was correlated with the daily number of reported cases and reached two pandemic peaks three days earlier during the study period. In addition, two different methods were established to estimate the prevalence/incidence rates from wastewater measurements. The estimated results from wastewater were consistent with findings from two independent citywide clinical surveillance programmes (rapid antigen test (RAT) surveillance and serology surveillance), but higher than the cases number reported by the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of Hong Kong, China. Moreover, the effective reproductive number (Rt) was estimated from wastewater measurements to reflect both citywide and regional transmission dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale intensive WWS from WWTPs provides cost-effective and timely public health information, especially when the clinical surveillance is inadequate and costly. This approach also provides insights into pandemic dynamics at higher spatiotemporal resolutions, facilitating the formulation of effective control policies and targeted resource allocation.

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引用次数: 0
The Anti-Penetration Performance and Mechanism of Metal Materials: A Review 金属材料的抗穿透性能和机理:综述
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.023
Jialin Chen , Shutao Li , Shang Ma , Yeqing Chen , Yin Liu , Quanwei Tian , Xiting Zhong , Jiaxing Song

This article reviews the anti-penetration principles and strengthening mechanisms of metal materials, ranging from macroscopic failure modes to microscopic structural characteristics, and further summarizes the micro–macro correlation in the anti-penetration process. Finally, it outlines the constitutive models and numerical simulation studies utilized in the field of impact and penetration. From the macro perspective, nine frequent penetration failure modes of metal materials are summarized, with a focus on the analysis of the cratering, compression shear, penetration, and plugging stages of the penetration process. The reasons for the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) in metal materials with different crystal structures are elaborated, and the formation mechanism of the equiaxed grains in the ASB is explored. Both the strength and the toughness of metal materials are related to the materials’ crystal structures and microstructures. The toughness is mainly influenced by the deformation mechanism, while the strength is explained by the strengthening mechanism. Therefore, the mechanical properties of metal materials depend on their microstructures, which are subject to the manufacturing process and material composition. Regarding numerical simulation, the advantages and disadvantages of different constitutive models and simulation methods are summarized based on the application characteristics of metal materials in high-speed penetration practice. In summary, this article provides a systematic overview of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of metal materials, along with their mechanisms and correlation during the anti-penetration and impact-resistance processes, thereby making an important contribution to the scientific understanding of anti-penetration performance and its optimization in metal materials.

本文回顾了金属材料的抗穿透原理和强化机制,从宏观失效模式到微观结构特征,并进一步总结了抗穿透过程中的微观-宏观相关性。最后,报告概述了冲击和渗透领域所使用的构成模型和数值模拟研究。从宏观角度总结了金属材料的九种常见穿透失效模式,重点分析了穿透过程中的缩孔、压缩剪切、穿透和堵塞阶段。阐述了不同晶体结构的金属材料形成绝热剪切带(ASB)的原因,并探讨了ASB中等轴晶粒的形成机理。金属材料的强度和韧性都与材料的晶体结构和微观结构有关。韧性主要受变形机制的影响,而强度则由强化机制解释。因此,金属材料的机械性能取决于其微观结构,而微观结构又受到制造工艺和材料成分的影响。在数值模拟方面,根据金属材料在高速渗透实践中的应用特点,总结了不同构成模型和模拟方法的优缺点。总之,本文系统概述了金属材料的宏观和微观特性,以及它们在抗穿透和抗冲击过程中的机理和相关性,从而为科学认识金属材料的抗穿透性能及其优化做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Initial Experience of NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery in Foot and Ankle Surgery 近红外-II 荧光成像引导手术在足踝手术中的初步经验
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.011

Optical imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II; 900–1880 nm) window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging. This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in foot and ankle surgeries. A lab-established NIR-II fluorescence surgical navigation system was developed and used to navigate foot and ankle surgeries which enabled obtaining more high-spatial-frequency information and a higher signal-to-background ratio (SBR) in NIR-II fluorescence images compared to NIR-I fluorescence images; our result demonstrates that NIR-II imaging could provide higher-contrast and larger-depth images to surgeons. Three types of clinical application scenarios (diabetic foot, calcaneal fracture, and lower extremity trauma) were included in this study. Using the NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique, we observed the ischemic region in the diabetic foot before morphological alterations, accurately determined the boundary of the ischemic region in the surgical incision, and fully assessed the blood supply condition of the flap. NIR-II fluorescence imaging can help surgeons precisely judge surgical margins, detect ischemic lesions early, and dynamically trace the perfusion process. We believe that portable and reliable NIR-II fluorescence imaging equipment and additional functional fluorescent probes can play crucial roles in precision surgery.

第二近红外(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)窗口的光学成像是目前生物医学成像领域的热门研究课题。本研究旨在探索 NIR-II 荧光成像在足踝手术中的应用价值。与近红外荧光图像相比,近红外-II 荧光图像能获得更多的高空间频率信息和更高的信噪比(SBR);我们的研究结果表明,近红外-II 图像能为外科医生提供对比度更高、深度更大的图像。本研究包括三种临床应用场景(糖尿病足、小关节骨折和下肢创伤)。利用近红外-II荧光成像技术,我们观察了糖尿病足形态改变前的缺血区,准确确定了手术切口中缺血区的边界,并全面评估了皮瓣的供血情况。近红外 II 荧光成像可以帮助外科医生精确判断手术边缘,早期发现缺血病灶,动态追踪灌注过程。我们相信,便携、可靠的近红外-II荧光成像设备和附加的功能性荧光探针能在精准手术中发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Storage in Salt Caverns: Evaluation of Operation, Safety, and Potential in China 在盐洞中大规模封存二氧化碳:中国的运行、安全和潜力评估
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.013
Wei Liu , Xiong Zhang , Jifang Wan , Chunhe Yang , Liangliang Jiang , Zhangxin Chen , Maria Jose Jurado , Xilin Shi , Deyi Jiang , Wendong Ji , Qihang Li

Underground salt cavern CO2 storage (SCCS) offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO2 storage and facilitating the utilization of CO2 resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market. Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option. Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances, differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness, carbon injection, brine extraction control, long-term carbon storage stability, and site selection criteria. These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO2 and the application scenarios of SCCS. Therefore, targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative. This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS, emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions, carbon utilization, and renewable energy peak shaving. It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods, and addresses associated scientific challenges. In this paper, we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction, that considers the phase change characteristics of CO2, and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection. By comparing the viscosities of CO2 and other gases, SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated. Building on this, we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices, which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability. Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed. Site selection criteria for SCCS are established, preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China, and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8–77.7 million tons, utilizing only 20%–30% volume of abandoned salt caverns. This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters, such as the operating pressure, burial depth, and storage scale, and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.

地下盐穴二氧化碳封存(SCCS)具有双重优势,既能实现广泛的二氧化碳封存,又能促进二氧化碳资源的利用,同时还有助于规范碳市场。与传统的碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)项目相比,SCCS 在经济和运营方面的优势使其成为更具成本效益和灵活性的选择。尽管盐穴被广泛用于储存各种物质,但 SCCS 与传统的盐穴储能在气密性、碳注入、卤水提取控制、长期碳储存稳定性和选址标准等方面仍存在差异。这些区别源于二氧化碳独特的相变特性和 SCCS 的应用场景。因此,有针对性和前瞻性的 SCCS 科学研究势在必行。本文介绍了 SCCS 的实施原理和应用场景,强调了其与碳排放、碳利用和可再生能源调峰的联系。本文深入探讨了 SCCS 与其他 CCUS 方法相比的运行特点和经济优势,并探讨了相关的科学挑战。本文建立了考虑二氧化碳相变特性的注碳和提取盐水的压力方程,并分析了注碳过程中的压力。通过比较二氧化碳和其他气体的粘度,证明了 SCCS 的出色密封性能。在此基础上,我们开发了长期稳定性评估模型和相关指数,分析了注入速度和最低工作压力对稳定性的影响。提出了确保稳定性的现场对策。建立了 SCCS 的选址标准,初步确定了中国适合 SCCS 的盐矿选址,并初步估算了中国可实现的碳封存规模,即仅利用 20%-30% 的废弃盐穴,就可封存超过 5180-77700 万吨的碳。本文探讨了 SCCS 所面临的关键科学和工程挑战,确定了运行压力、埋深和封存规模等关键技术参数,为在中国实施 SCCS 项目提供了重要指导。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Machine Learning Methods for Accurate Prediction of Plant Disease Resistance 开发用于准确预测植物抗病性的机器学习方法
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.014
Qi Liu , Shi-min Zuo , Shasha Peng , Hao Zhang , Ye Peng , Wei Li , Yehui Xiong , Runmao Lin , Zhiming Feng , Huihui Li , Jun Yang , Guo-Liang Wang , Houxiang Kang

The traditional method of screening plants for disease resistance phenotype is both time-consuming and costly. Genomic selection offers a potential solution to improve efficiency, but accurately predicting plant disease resistance remains a challenge. In this study, we evaluated eight different machine learning (ML) methods, including random forest classification (RFC), support vector classifier (SVC), light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM), random forest classification plus kinship (RFC_K), support vector classification plus kinship (SVC_K), light gradient boosting machine plus kinship (lightGBM_K), deep neural network genomic prediction (DNNGP), and densely connected convolutional networks (DenseNet), for predicting plant disease resistance. Our results demonstrate that the three plus kinship (K) methods developed in this study achieved high prediction accuracy. Specifically, these methods achieved accuracies of up to 95% for rice blast (RB), 85% for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), and 85% for rice sheath blight (RSB) when trained and applied to the rice diversity panel I (RDPI). Furthermore, the plus K models performed well in predicting wheat blast (WB) and wheat stripe rust (WSR) diseases, with mean accuracies of up to 90% and 93%, respectively. To assess the generalizability of our models, we applied the trained plus K methods to predict RB disease resistance in an independent population, rice diversity panel II (RDPII). Concurrently, we evaluated the RB resistance of RDPII cultivars using spray inoculation. Comparing the predictions with the spray inoculation results, we found that the accuracy of the plus K methods reached 91%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the plus K methods (RFC_K, SVC_K, and lightGBM_K) in accurately predicting plant disease resistance for RB, RBSDV, RSB, WB, and WSR. The methods developed in this study not only provide valuable strategies for predicting disease resistance, but also pave the way for using machine learning to streamline genome-based crop breeding.

筛选植物抗病表型的传统方法既费时又费钱。基因组选择为提高效率提供了潜在的解决方案,但准确预测植物的抗病性仍是一项挑战。在这项研究中,我们评估了八种不同的机器学习(ML)方法,包括随机森林分类法(RFC)、支持向量分类器(SVC)、光梯度提升机(lightGBM)、随机森林分类法加亲缘关系(RFC_K)、支持向量分类法加亲缘关系(SVC_K)、光梯度提升机加亲缘关系(lightGBM_K)、深度神经网络基因组预测法(DNGP)和密集连接卷积网络(DenseNet),用于预测植物抗病性。我们的研究结果表明,本研究中开发的三种加亲缘关系(K)方法实现了较高的预测准确性。具体来说,这些方法经过训练并应用于水稻多样性面板 I(RDPI)时,对稻瘟病(RB)的预测准确率高达 95%,对水稻黑条矮缩病病毒(RBSDV)的预测准确率高达 85%,对水稻鞘枯病(RSB)的预测准确率高达 85%。此外,加 K 模型在预测小麦稻瘟病(WB)和小麦条锈病(WSR)方面表现良好,平均准确率分别高达 90% 和 93%。为了评估模型的普适性,我们将训练好的加 K 方法用于预测独立种群水稻多样性面板 II(RDPII)的 RB 抗病性。同时,我们使用喷雾接种法评估了 RDPII 栽培品种的 RB 抗性。将预测结果与喷雾接种结果进行比较,我们发现加 K 方法的准确率达到 91%。这些发现凸显了加 K 方法(随机森林分类加亲缘关系(RFC_K)、支持向量分类加亲缘关系(SVC_K)和光梯度提升机加亲缘关系(lightGBM_K))在准确预测 RB、RBSDV、RSB、WB 和 WSR 植物抗病性方面的有效性。本研究开发的方法不仅为预测抗病性提供了有价值的策略,还为利用机器学习简化基于基因组的作物育种铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study on Ammonia Co-Firing with Coal for Carbon Reduction in the Boiler of a 300-MW Coal-Fired Power Station 300 兆瓦燃煤电站锅炉氨煤共烧减碳试验研究
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.003
Qifu Lin , Wangping Sun , Haiyan Li , Yangjiong Liu , Yuwei Chen , Chengzhou Liu , Yiman Jiang , Yu Cheng , Ning Ma , Huaqing Ya , Longwei Chen , Shidong Fang , Hansheng Feng , Guang-Nan Luo , Jiangang Li , Kaixin Xiang , Jie Cong , Cheng Cheng

To reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants, the development of low-carbon or carbon-free fuel combustion technologies has become urgent. As a new zero-carbon fuel, ammonia (NH3) can be used to address the storage and transportation issues of hydrogen energy. Since it is not feasible to completely replace coal with ammonia in the short term, the development of ammonia–coal co-combustion technology at the current stage is a fast and feasible approach to reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. This study focuses on modifying the boiler and installing two layers of eight pure-ammonia burners in a 300-MW coal-fired power plant to achieve ammonia–coal co-combustion at proportions ranging from 20% to 10% (by heat ratio) at loads of 180- to 300-MW, respectively. The results show that, during ammonia–coal co-combustion in a 300-MW coal-fired power plant, there was a more significant change in NOx emissions at the furnace outlet compared with that under pure-coal combustion as the boiler oxygen levels varied. Moreover, ammonia burners located in the middle part of the main combustion zone exhibited a better high-temperature reduction performance than those located in the upper part of the main combustion zone. Under all ammonia co-combustion conditions, the NH3 concentration at the furnace outlet remained below 1 parts per million (ppm). Compared with that under pure-coal conditions, the thermal efficiency of the boiler slightly decreased (by 0.12%–0.38%) under different loads when ammonia co-combustion reached 15 t·h−1. Ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired power plants is a potentially feasible technology route for carbon reduction.

为减少燃煤发电厂的二氧化碳排放,开发低碳或无碳燃料燃烧技术已迫在眉睫。氨(NH)作为一种新型零碳燃料,可用于解决氢能的储存和运输问题。由于短期内用氨完全替代煤炭并不可行,现阶段发展氨煤共燃技术是减少燃煤电厂 CO 排放的一种快速可行的方法。本研究的重点是在一个 300 兆瓦的燃煤电厂中改造锅炉并安装两层共 8 个纯氨燃烧器,以实现氨-煤燃烧,在 180 兆瓦至 300 兆瓦的负荷下,氨-煤燃烧比例分别为 20%至 10%(热比)。结果表明,在 300-MW 燃煤电厂进行氨-煤联合燃烧时,随着锅炉氧量的变化,炉膛出口处的氮氧化物排放量与纯煤燃烧时相比有更显著的变化。此外,位于主燃烧区中部的氨燃烧器比位于主燃烧区上部的氨燃烧器具有更好的高温减排性能。在所有氨气共燃条件下,炉子出口处的 NH 浓度都保持在百万分之 1 以下。与纯煤条件下相比,当氨气共燃达到 15 t-h 时,锅炉的热效率在不同负荷下略有下降(0.12%-0.38%)。燃煤电厂氨气联合燃烧是一条潜在可行的减碳技术路线。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen Storage Performance During Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs: A Review 枯竭气藏地下储氢过程中的储氢性能:综述
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.011

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to meet the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in depleted gas reservoirs holds significant potential for large-scale energy storage and the seamless integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, due to its capacity to address challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, ensuring a steady and reliable energy supply. Leveraging the existing infrastructure and well-characterized geological formations, depleted gas reservoirs offer an attractive option for large-scale hydrogen storage implementation. However, significant knowledge gaps regarding storage performance hinder the commercialization of UHS operation. Hydrogen deliverability, hydrogen trapping, and the equation of state are key areas with limited understanding. This literature review critically analyzes and synthesizes existing research on hydrogen storage performance during underground storage in depleted gas reservoirs; it then provides a high-level risk assessment and an overview of the techno-economics of UHS. The significance of this review lies in its consolidation of current knowledge, highlighting unresolved issues and proposing areas for future research. Addressing these gaps will advance hydrogen-based energy systems and support the transition to a sustainable energy landscape. Facilitating efficient and safe deployment of UHS in depleted gas reservoirs will assist in unlocking hydrogen’s full potential as a clean and renewable energy carrier. In addition, this review aids policymakers and the scientific community in making informed decisions regarding hydrogen storage technologies.

为满足对可持续和可再生能源日益增长的需求,氢已成为一种前景广阔的替代能源。枯竭气藏中的地下氢存储(UHS)具有大规模能源存储和无缝集成间歇性可再生能源的巨大潜力,因为它能够解决与可再生能源间歇性相关的挑战,确保稳定可靠的能源供应。利用现有的基础设施和表征良好的地质构造,枯竭气藏为大规模氢气存储的实施提供了一个极具吸引力的选择。然而,有关储氢性能的巨大知识差距阻碍了超高压储氢系统的商业化运作。氢气输送性、氢气捕获和状态方程是人们了解有限的关键领域。本文献综述对枯竭气藏地下储氢过程中氢气存储性能的现有研究进行了批判性分析和综合,然后提供了高层次的风险评估和超高压制氢技术经济学概述。本综述的意义在于整合了现有知识,突出了尚未解决的问题,并提出了未来研究的领域。缩小这些差距将推动氢基能源系统的发展,并支持向可持续能源格局过渡。促进在枯竭气藏中高效、安全地部署超高压制氢系统将有助于释放氢作为清洁、可再生能源载体的全部潜力。此外,本综述还有助于政策制定者和科学界就氢储存技术做出明智决策。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy and Safety of Lianhua Qingke Tablets in the Treatment of Long Coronavirus Disease (COVID) Cough: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study 连花清瘟片治疗长冠状病毒病(COVID)咳嗽的有效性和安全性:一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的多中心临床研究
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.013

Lianhua Qingke tablets, a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has validated clinical efficacy for treating cough caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, lack rigorous evidence-based research evaluating their effect on long coronavirus disease (COVID) cough. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study was conducted among patients with long COVID cough from 19 hospitals and 23 community health centers in China. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either Lianhua Qingke tablets or placebo orally for 14 days (four tablets, 1.84 g, three times a day). The primary endpoint indicator was the disappearance of cough, with the remission of cough also considered. Among 482 randomized patients, 480 (full analysis set 480; per-protocol set 470; safety set 480) were included in the primary analysis. According to the full analysis, the time until cough disappearance was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group, with a significant increase in the 14-day cough disappearance rate. Accordingly, the time to cough remission was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group. The change in the total symptom score was significantly greater in the trial group than in the control group on days 7 and 14, consistent with the results indicated by the visual analog scale (VAS) and cough evaluation test (CET) scores. No serious adverse events were recorded during the study. Lianhua Qingke tablets significantly improved the clinical symptoms of patients with long COVID cough.

连花清瘟片是一种专利中药,对治疗严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型感染引起的咳嗽有确切的临床疗效,但缺乏严格的循证研究来评估其对长程冠状病毒病(COVID)咳嗽的疗效。一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的多中心临床研究在中国 19 家医院和 23 家社区卫生中心的长征冠状病毒病咳嗽患者中展开。患者按 1:1 的比例随机接受连花清瘟片或安慰剂口服治疗 14 天(4 片,1.84 克,每天 3 次)。主要终点指标是咳嗽消失,咳嗽缓解也在考虑之列。在 482 名随机患者中,480 人(全面分析组 480 人;按协议组 470 人;安全组 480 人)被纳入主要分析。根据全面分析,试验组咳嗽消失的时间明显短于对照组,14 天咳嗽消失率显著增加。相应地,试验组的咳嗽缓解时间也明显短于对照组。在第 7 天和第 14 天,试验组症状总分的变化明显大于对照组,这与视觉模拟量表(VAS)和咳嗽评估测试(CET)评分显示的结果一致。研究期间未出现严重不良反应。连花清瘟片能明显改善COVID久咳患者的临床症状。
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引用次数: 0
Chain Elongation Using Native Soil Inocula: Exceptional n-Caproate Biosynthesis Performance and Microbial Mechanisms 利用原生土壤接种菌进行链延伸:特殊的正己酸酯生物合成性能和微生物机制
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.017

This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing native soils as a resource for inocula to produce n-caproate through the chain elongation (CE) platform, offering new insights into anaerobic soil processes. The results reveal that all five of the tested soil types exhibit CE activity when supplied with high concentrations of ethanol and acetate, highlighting the suitability of soil as an ideal source for n-caproate production. Compared with anaerobic sludge and pit mud, the native soil CE system exhibited higher selectivity (60.53%), specificity (82.32%), carbon distribution (60.00%), electron transfer efficiency (165.00%), and conductivity (0.59 ms∙cm−1). Kinetic analysis further confirmed the superiority of soil in terms of a shorter lag time and higher yield. A microbial community analysis indicated a positive correlation between the relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Clostridium and n-caproate production. Moreover, metagenomics analysis revealed a higher abundance of functional genes in key microbial species, providing direct insights into the pathways involved in n-caproate formation, including in situ CO2 utilization, ethanol oxidation, fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB), and reverse beta-oxidation (RBO). The numerous functions in FAB and RBO are primarily associated with Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Rhodococcus, Stenotrophomonas, and Geobacter, suggesting that these genera may play roles that are involved or associated with the CE process. Overall, this innovative inoculation strategy offers an efficient microbial source for n-caproate production, underscoring the importance of considering CE activity in anaerobic soil microbial ecology and holding potential for significant economic and environmental benefits through soil consortia exploration.

这项研究证明了利用原生土壤作为接种物资源,通过链延伸(CE)平台生产正己酸酯的可行性和有效性,为了解厌氧土壤过程提供了新的视角。结果表明,当提供高浓度乙醇和乙酸时,所有五种测试土壤类型都表现出 CE 活性,这突出表明土壤适合作为生产正己酸酯的理想来源。与厌氧污泥和坑泥相比,原生土壤 CE 系统表现出更高的选择性(60.53%)、专一性(82.32%)、碳分布(60.00%)、电子传递效率(165.00%)和电导率(0.59 ms∙cm-1)。动力学分析进一步证实了土壤在缩短滞后时间和提高产量方面的优势。微生物群落分析表明,假单胞菌、氮单胞菌和梭状芽孢杆菌的相对丰度与正己酸酯产量呈正相关。此外,元基因组学分析表明,关键微生物物种中的功能基因丰度较高,直接揭示了正己酸酯形成的途径,包括原位二氧化碳利用、乙醇氧化、脂肪酸生物合成(FAB)和反向β-氧化(RBO)。FAB和RBO的众多功能主要与假单胞菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、罗杜球菌、司来诺单胞菌和革囊菌有关,这表明这些菌属可能参与了CE过程或与之相关。总之,这种创新的接种策略为正己酸酯的生产提供了一个高效的微生物源,强调了在厌氧土壤微生物生态学中考虑CE活性的重要性,并通过土壤联合体的探索为巨大的经济和环境效益提供了潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A Case Study Applying Mesoscience to Deep Learning 将中间科学应用于深度学习的案例研究
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.007

In this paper, we propose mesoscience-guided deep learning (MGDL), a deep learning modeling approach guided by mesoscience, to study complex systems. When establishing sample dataset based on the same system evolution data, different from the operation of conventional deep learning method, MGDL introduces the treatment of the dominant mechanisms of complex system and interactions between them according to the principle of compromise in competition (CIC) in mesoscience. Mesoscience constraints are then integrated into the loss function to guide the deep learning training. Two methods are proposed for the addition of mesoscience constraints. The physical interpretability of the model-training process is improved by MGDL because guidance and constraints based on physical principles are provided. MGDL was evaluated using a bubbling bed modeling case and compared with traditional techniques. With a much smaller training dataset, the results indicate that mesoscience-constraint-based model training has distinct advantages in terms of convergence stability and prediction accuracy, and it can be widely applied to various neural network configurations. The MGDL approach proposed in this paper is a novel method for utilizing the physical background information during deep learning model training. Further exploration of MGDL will be continued in the future.

本文提出了一种以中间科学为指导的深度学习建模方法--中间科学指导的深度学习(MGDL)来研究复杂系统。在建立基于同一系统演化数据的样本数据集时,与传统深度学习方法的操作不同,MGDL根据中观科学中的竞争折中(CIC)原理,引入了对复杂系统主导机制和它们之间相互作用的处理。然后将中观科学约束纳入损失函数,以指导深度学习训练。本文提出了两种添加中间科学约束的方法。由于提供了基于物理原理的指导和约束,MGDL 提高了模型训练过程的物理可解释性。利用气泡床建模案例对 MGDL 进行了评估,并与传统技术进行了比较。结果表明,在训练数据集更小的情况下,基于介观约束的模型训练在收敛稳定性和预测准确性方面具有明显优势,可广泛应用于各种神经网络配置。本文提出的 MGDL 方法是一种在深度学习模型训练过程中利用物理背景信息的新方法。未来将继续对 MGDL 进行深入探索。
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引用次数: 0
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