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Thermostabilizing Functional Proteins with Matrix-Assisted Room-Temperature Drying 热稳定功能蛋白与基质辅助室温干燥
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.045
Yejiong Yu, Siqi Dai, Johnny Xiangyi Zhou, Wei E. Huang, Zhanfeng Cui
This study evaluates the efficacy of the proposed matrix-assisted room-temperature (MART) drying as an alternative to freeze-drying for the thermostabilization of functional proteins in a solid state. To achieve this, protective agents are formulated with functional proteins, and the mixture is dried on a biocompatible cellulose fiber matrix. Drying is carried out at room temperature or elevated temperatures (∼30 °C), either through dry air circulation (MART-DA drying) or under a vacuum (MART-V drying). The entire drying process involves no refrigeration or freezing steps. The results demonstrate the successful thermostabilization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and functional enzymes in reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) reagents through the use of MART drying. The functional proteins were immobilized and effectively encapsulated in sugar glass films, preserving the proteins’ structure and functions. The sugar glass films were supported by a low-cost 3D cellulose fiber matrix. Overall, MART drying offers a simple, fast, low energy-consumption, and cost-effective strategy for drying functional proteins for long-term storage.
本研究评估了所提出的基质辅助室温(MART)干燥作为固态功能蛋白热稳定的替代方法的有效性。为了实现这一点,保护剂与功能性蛋白质配制,混合物在生物相容性纤维素纤维基质上干燥。干燥在室温或高温(~ 30°C)下进行,通过干燥空气循环(MART-DA干燥)或在真空(MART-V干燥)下进行。整个干燥过程不涉及冷藏或冷冻步骤。结果表明,通过MART干燥,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、成纤维细胞生长因子-2 (FGF-2)和逆转录环介导的等温扩增(RT-LAMP)试剂中的功能酶成功实现了热稳定。将功能蛋白固定并有效封装在糖玻璃膜中,保留了蛋白质的结构和功能。糖玻璃薄膜由低成本的三维纤维素纤维基质支撑。总的来说,MART干燥提供了一种简单,快速,低能耗和具有成本效益的干燥功能蛋白质长期储存策略。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic Effects of Fuel Stratification and Preferential Diffusion for Ultra-Low NOx Formation in Hydrogen Flames 燃料分层和优先扩散对氢火焰超低NOx生成的协同效应
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.023
Tianze Yu, Long Zhang, Hua Zhou, Zhuyin Ren, Xiaohua Gan
The unique transport properties of hydrogen give rise to fuel re-stratification and super-adiabatic flame temperature (SAFT) in premixed flames—phenomena that are generally not absent in fossil-fuel combustion. These effects undermine the effectiveness of conventional fuel/air fully premixed technology for achieving low NOx emissions in hydrogen energy and propulsion systems. In this study, a scaling law for SAFT, incorporating the Lewis number (Le) and Zel’dovich number (Ze), is revisited for fully premixed hydrogen laminar flames under flow straining conditions. The impact of SAFT on NOx formation, with particular emphasis on thermal NOx governed by the Zel’dovich mechanism, is systematically analyzed. A theoretical expression is derived to estimate the thermal NOx reaction rate as a function of SAFT. With these new insights, a novel concept based on the synergistic effects of fuel stratification and preferential diffusion is proposed to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions in hydrogen combustion. The effectiveness of this concept is demonstrated in multi-slot flames, where a designed nonuniform equivalence ratio (ϕ) at the inlet configuration reduces peak temperature by 53–236 K and NO emissions by 15%–54% over the typical gas-turbine operating range of 0.4<ϕ<0.7, compared with a fully premixed inlet configuration. This counter-intuitive approach provides new insights into hydrogen flame control and offers a promising pathway to achieving ultra-low NOx emissions in hydrogen energy and propulsion systems.
氢独特的输运特性导致燃料再分层和预混合火焰中的超绝热火焰温度(SAFT),这些现象在化石燃料燃烧中通常不存在。这些影响削弱了传统燃料/空气完全预混技术在氢能源和推进系统中实现低氮氧化物排放的有效性。本文重新研究了流动应变条件下全预混氢层流火焰的SAFT标度规律,包括Lewis数(Le)和Zel’dovich数(Ze)。系统分析了SAFT对NOx形成的影响,特别强调了由Zel 'dovich机制控制的热NOx。导出了一个理论表达式来估计NOx热反应速率作为SAFT的函数。基于这些新见解,提出了基于燃料分层和优先扩散协同效应的新概念,以实现氢燃烧中超低NOx排放。这一概念的有效性在多槽火焰中得到了证明,在进口配置中设计的非均匀等效比(ϕ)在典型的燃气轮机工作范围0.4<;ϕ<;0.7范围内,与完全预混的进口配置相比,峰值温度降低了53-236 K, NO排放降低了15%-54%。这种反直觉的方法为氢火焰控制提供了新的见解,并为实现氢能和推进系统的超低氮氧化物排放提供了有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Data-Efficient and Robust Reinforcement Learning for Moving Devices 移动设备的数据高效鲁棒强化学习
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.005
Bengt Lennartson
Introduction: The difference between model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL) is discussed in this paper. Focus is on data-efficiency and robustness against neglected high-frequency dynamics. The conclusion is that the less common model-based RL strategy has clear advantages. For moving devices in intelligent manufacturing systems, a more specific model-based RL method is therefore proposed. The method involves estimation of a nonlinear state-space model, where minor physical knowledge can be easily introduced. Based on this nonlinear model and a feedback/feed-forward controller design, a simple temporal optimization procedure is outlined. The path is then assumed to be given, while velocity and acceleration can be modified such that energy is saved. In robot applications, this temporal optimization strategy has shown to be able to save up to 25% energy and 50% peak power, still keeping the original desired makespan.
介绍:本文讨论了无模型和基于模型的强化学习(RL)之间的区别。重点是数据效率和对被忽视的高频动态的鲁棒性。结论是,不太常见的基于模型的强化学习策略具有明显的优势。针对智能制造系统中的移动设备,提出了一种更具体的基于模型的强化学习方法。该方法涉及非线性状态空间模型的估计,其中可以很容易地引入少量物理知识。基于该非线性模型和反馈/前馈控制器设计,概述了一个简单的时间优化过程。然后假定路径是给定的,而速度和加速度可以修改,以节省能量。在机器人应用中,这种时间优化策略已被证明能够节省高达25%的能量和50%的峰值功率,同时仍保持原始期望的最大完工时间。
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引用次数: 0
1.5 °C Looks Inevitable 1.5°C看起来不可避免
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.004
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引用次数: 0
Distribution and Transmission of Apramycin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Humans and Animal-Producing Sectors: A Multicenter, Cross-sectional, and One Health Study 人类和动物生产部门中耐阿帕霉素大肠杆菌的分布和传播:一项多中心、横断面和一项健康研究
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.035
Yue Cao, Dejun Liu, Fen Pan, Zhenzhen Liu, Qin Zhang, Chengtao Sun, Li Ding, Siquan Shen, Weishuai Zhai, Rina Bai, Zhiyu Zou, Yiqing Wang, Lu Yang, Zexun Lv, Bo Fu, Shizhen Ma, Yao Wang, Ke Zhao, Tingxuan Shi, Yingbo Shen, Rong Zhang, Timothy R. Walsh, Jianzhong Shen, Fupin Hu, Yang Wang, Congming Wu
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引用次数: 0
Natural Diverse Components, Herbgenomics, and Artificial Intelligence: A Multi-Dimensional Paradigm for Polyherbal Formulation Research 天然多样性成分、草药基因组学和人工智能:多草药配方研究的多维范式
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.021
Liang Leng, Jing Mo, Hongguo Chen, Shenjie You, Can Wang, Jun Lu, Zhaotong Cong, Wei Chen, Chi Song, Sanyin Zhang
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Tidal Lagoons on Regional Water Exchange 潮汐泻湖对区域水交换的影响
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.003
Bin Guo, Roger A. Falconer, Reza Ahmadian
The operation of a tidal lagoon (or barrage) involves impounding a substantial volume of water, creating a head difference across the impoundment wall, and converting the potential energy associated with the head difference into kinetic energy through turbines. Consequently, the functioning of a tidal lagoon facilitates the movement of substantial volumes of water between the water body and impounded basin, altering water exchange and tidal flushing patterns, which potentially affect water quality. In this study, three tidal lagoon schemes proposed in the UK, West Somerset Lagoon (WSL), Swansea Bay Lagoon (SBL), and North Wales Tidal Lagoon (NWTL), were investigated for their regional water renewal capacities under different operational schemes and tidal phase conditions within a comparative framework. The exchange processes were investigated by modeling tracer changes within a control domain, with and without the lagoon, under different operational procedures. The results revealed different tracer-exchange characteristics across all schemes. Regardless of the operation scheme, the exchange concentration distribution tended to converge to a near-steady-state distribution at the end of each tidal cycle over a longer timescale. This study indicated that although the tracer dispersion rate was not highly sensitive to the initial tidal conditions, the tracer concentration declined more rapidly when released during spring tides. The inclusion of the WSL significantly improved the water exchange capacity within the lagoon basin region and the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary. By contrast, the SBL and NWTL schemes resulted in decreased water renewal times in the lagoon area.
潮汐泻湖(或拦河坝)的运行涉及蓄水大量的水,在蓄水壁上产生水头差,并通过涡轮机将水头差相关的势能转化为动能。因此,潮汐泻湖的功能促进了大量水在水体和蓄水盆地之间的流动,改变了水的交换和潮汐冲刷模式,从而可能影响水质。本研究以英国提出的西萨默塞特泻湖(WSL)、斯旺西湾泻湖(SBL)和北威尔士潮汐泻湖(NWTL)三种潮汐泻湖方案为研究对象,在比较框架内研究了它们在不同运行方案和潮相条件下的区域水更新能力。在不同的操作程序下,通过在控制域中建模示踪剂变化来研究交换过程,有和没有泻湖。结果表明,不同方案的示踪剂交换特性不同。无论何种操作方案,在较长的时间尺度上,在每个潮汐周期结束时,交换浓度分布趋于收敛于接近稳态的分布。研究表明,虽然示踪剂的扩散速率对初始潮汐条件的敏感性不高,但在大潮期间释放时,示踪剂浓度下降得更快。WSL的加入显著提高了泻湖盆地区域、布里斯托尔海峡和塞文河口的水交换能力。相比之下,SBL和NWTL方案导致泻湖地区的水更新次数减少。
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引用次数: 0
Iron-Based Lewis/Brønsted Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Hydrolysis of Nylon-6,6 铁基Lewis/Brønsted深度共晶溶剂水解尼龙6,6
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.001
Marco Rollo, Francesca Rastelli, Marta Ximenis, Elisa Martinelli, Gianluca Ciancaleoni, Haritz Sardon
Approximately one-third of the global nylon production is accounted for by polyamide 6,6 (PA 66), with an annual output of 2.5 million tonnes. Despite its limited biodegradability, few end-of-life recycling strategies have been developed for PA 66. In this work, PA 66 is quantitatively depolymerized into its monomers: adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine (recovered as diammonium dichloride) using a naturally abundant iron-based Lewis/Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvents (LBDESs) at 180 °C in 5 h. After optimization of the reaction conditions and work-up procedure, the overall monomer recovery yield exceeds 85%. The process is effective not only for virgin PA 66 in pellet and fiber forms but also with real post-consumer 100% nylon hosiery. Furthermore, environmental performance metrics for this method were evaluated and compared to previously reported depolymerization processes, indicating that the present approach is competitive.
聚酰胺6,6 (pa66)约占全球尼龙产量的三分之一,年产量为250万吨。尽管pa66的生物降解性有限,但很少有报废回收策略被开发出来。在本研究中,利用天然丰富的铁基Lewis/Brønsted酸性深共晶溶剂(LBDESs),在180°C下,在5小时内将PA 66定量解聚为其单体己二酸和六亚二胺(回收为二氯化二铵)。经过优化反应条件和工艺流程,总单体回收率超过85%。该工艺不仅对原始PA 66的颗粒和纤维形式有效,而且对真正的消费后100%尼龙袜也有效。此外,对该方法的环境性能指标进行了评估,并与先前报道的解聚过程进行了比较,表明该方法具有竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional Geometric Digital Twin of Cable-Stayed Bridges: UAV- and TLS-Based Point Cloud Registration, Fusion Modeling, and Damage Inspection 斜拉桥三维几何数字孪生:基于无人机和tls的点云配准、融合建模和损伤检测
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.002
Lianzhen Zhang, Kaizhong Deng, Yanliang Du, Mitsuyoshi Akiyama, Dan M. Frangopol, Jiyu Xin
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引用次数: 0
Scalable S/N Co-Functionalized Activated Carbon for Targeted Recovery of Multiple Precious Metals from Industrial Waste Streams 可扩展S/N共功能化活性炭用于工业废水中多种贵金属的定向回收
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.020
Hongjie Zhou, Xiaoqiang An, Tianshu Zhang, Mingran Li, Lingru Kong, Huachun Lan, Huijuan Liu, Jiuhui Qu
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引用次数: 0
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