Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.011
Qiongni Lin, Qixing Nie, Chunhua Chen, Yonggan Sun, Shanshan Zhang, Jianqiao Zou, Shaoping Nie
{"title":"Deciphering the Effects of Food Colorants on Host Health: Gut Microbiota Dependent and Independent Pathways","authors":"Qiongni Lin, Qixing Nie, Chunhua Chen, Yonggan Sun, Shanshan Zhang, Jianqiao Zou, Shaoping Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008
Tao Jiang, Miaoran Peng, Yu Zhang, Xin Zhu, Shuqi Tang
{"title":"[0,1] Modulated Backscatter with Lower-Power Integration of Sensing and Communication for I-IoE in 6G","authors":"Tao Jiang, Miaoran Peng, Yu Zhang, Xin Zhu, Shuqi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.006
Haozhe Bai, Kun Xu, Zhen Gao
A systematic review that summarizing the state-of-the-art development and identifying future challenges of FWT technologies from a holistic system-level and full-industry- chain perspective is important for both Chinese market and global stakeholders. This paper reviews the development trajectory and future challenges of FWT technologies in China, contrasting them with international advancements. While Europe pioneered FWT industrialization through projects like Hywind and WindFloat, China has rapidly progressed in prototype development, deploying five representative FWTs—Yin Ling, Fu Yao, Guan Lan, Gong Xiang, and OceanX—to address unique challenges in shallow continental shelf waters. Key technical hurdles—such as stringent draft limitations, nonlinear mooring dynamics in shallow waters, and the need for typhoon resilience—significantly increase the overall cost of FWT projects. Future priorities involve scaling turbines to 20–25 MW for cost reduction, optimizing lightweight, and developing economical taut mooring systems. Advanced coupled analysis tools, hybrid experimental methods, and farm level layout optimization are critical to address multi- body dynamics and wake effects. Integration with aquaculture, wave energy, and hydrogen production offers synergistic opportunities. Monitoring and maintenance are also critical for FWT lifecycle reliability and cost-effectiveness. Despite China’s leadership in pre-commercial FWT projects, commercialization demands interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized design codes, and lifecycle cost reduction strategies. This study underscores the necessity of government-industry-academia partnerships to accelerate FWT industrialization and align with global Net Zero goals.
{"title":"Development and Future Challenges of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Technologies in China","authors":"Haozhe Bai, Kun Xu, Zhen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic review that summarizing the state-of-the-art development and identifying future challenges of FWT technologies from a holistic system-level and full-industry- chain perspective is important for both Chinese market and global stakeholders.<!-- --> <!-- -->This paper reviews the development trajectory and future challenges of<!-- --> <!-- -->FWT technologies in China, contrasting them with international advancements. While<!-- --> <!-- -->Europe pioneered FWT industrialization through projects like Hywind and WindFloat,<!-- --> <!-- -->China has rapidly progressed in prototype development, deploying five representative<!-- --> <!-- -->FWTs—Yin Ling, Fu Yao, Guan Lan, Gong Xiang, and OceanX—to address unique<!-- --> <!-- -->challenges in shallow continental shelf waters. Key technical hurdles—such as stringent draft limitations, nonlinear mooring dynamics in shallow waters, and the need for typhoon resilience—significantly increase the overall cost of FWT projects.<!-- --> <!-- -->Future priorities involve scaling turbines to 20–25 MW for<!-- --> <!-- -->cost reduction, optimizing lightweight, and developing economical taut mooring<!-- --> <!-- -->systems. Advanced coupled analysis tools, hybrid experimental methods, and farm level<!-- --> <!-- -->layout optimization are critical to address multi- body dynamics and wake effects.<!-- --> <!-- -->Integration with aquaculture, wave energy, and hydrogen production offers synergistic<!-- --> <!-- -->opportunities. Monitoring and maintenance are also critical for FWT lifecycle reliability and cost-effectiveness.<!-- --> <!-- -->Despite China’s leadership in pre-commercial FWT projects,<!-- --> <!-- -->commercialization demands interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized design codes,<!-- --> <!-- -->and lifecycle cost reduction strategies. This study underscores the necessity of<!-- --> <!-- -->government-industry-academia partnerships to accelerate FWT industrialization and<!-- --> <!-- -->align with global Net Zero goals.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.009
Luis M. Camarinha-Matos
Over the past decades, the rise of a networked society has been driven by rapid advancements in information and communication technology, particularly in computer networking. This has enabled unprecedented hyper-connectivity among organizations, individuals, smart machines, and intelligent systems. As a result, new forms of collaboration have emerged, composed of distributed, autonomous, and heterogeneous entities. This evolution led to the establishment of Collaborative Networks (CNs) as a distinct discipline with a socio-technical character. Nowadays CNs play a key role in the ongoing digital transformation across industries and services. Although still a relatively young field, CNs have evolved through several generations over the past decades. As we move toward Industry 5.0, the complexity of interactions among a diverse range of agents continues to intensify. This article provides a brief overview of these trends, highlighting the role of CNs in the materialization of the goals of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.
{"title":"Collaborative Networks in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0","authors":"Luis M. Camarinha-Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, the rise of a networked society has been driven by rapid advancements in information and communication technology, particularly in computer networking. This has enabled unprecedented hyper-connectivity among organizations, individuals, smart machines, and intelligent systems. As a result, new forms of collaboration have emerged, composed of distributed, autonomous, and heterogeneous entities. This evolution led to the establishment of Collaborative Networks (CNs) as a distinct discipline with a socio-technical character. Nowadays CNs play a key role in the ongoing digital transformation across industries and services. Although still a relatively young field, CNs have evolved through several generations over the past decades. As we move toward Industry 5.0, the complexity of interactions among a diverse range of agents continues to intensify. This article provides a brief overview of these trends, highlighting the role of CNs in the materialization of the goals of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.12.035
Fang Zhou, Yangang Wang, Man Wang, Si Xiong, Qiao Zhou
The aerodynamic characteristics of distributed electric propulsion (DEP) aircraft change significantly in the near-ground hovering state. In this paper, we employed a combination of experimental and numerical methods to investigate aerodynamic characteristics induced by ground effect for both isolated and distributed ducted fan configurations. The steady-state results indicate that the ground effect significantly influences the outlet pressure of the ducted fan. As the distance to the ground decreases, the thrust contribution from the duct decreases, while the thrust from rotor and stator blades increases, resulting in an overall increase in total thrust. At the distance to the ground of 0.8D (D is the ducted fan diameter), the total thrust increases by 3.2% for the isolated ducted fan and by 1.9% for the distributed ducted fans. Steady-state flow analyses further show that the ground effect leads to a decrease in the outlet velocity and a reduction in the effective flow area, thereby lowering the duct thrust. Concurrently, the increased blade angle of attack raises the aerodynamic loads on the rotor and stator blades, enhancing the blade thrust. Transient analyses reveal that for the isolated ducted fan, ground effect induces a tip vortex driven by tip leakage and a ground vortex triggered by shear layer instability, resulting in transient aerodynamic force fluctuations with a standard deviation of 9.1% of the time-averaged thrust. For the distributed ducted fans, aerodynamic interference between fans causes vortex superposition, forming a highly complex three-dimensional vortex structure and leading to a standard deviation in transient force fluctuation as high as 59.9% of the time-averaged thrust.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Distributed Ducted Fans in Ground Effect","authors":"Fang Zhou, Yangang Wang, Man Wang, Si Xiong, Qiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.12.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"The aerodynamic characteristics of distributed electric propulsion (DEP) aircraft change significantly in the near-ground hovering state. In this paper, we employed a combination of experimental and numerical methods to investigate aerodynamic characteristics induced by ground effect for both isolated and distributed ducted fan configurations. The steady-state results indicate that the ground effect significantly influences the outlet pressure of the ducted fan. As the distance to the ground decreases, the thrust contribution from the duct decreases, while the thrust from rotor and stator blades increases, resulting in an overall increase in total thrust. At the distance to the ground of 0.8<em>D</em> (<em>D</em> is the ducted fan diameter), the total thrust increases by 3.2% for the isolated ducted fan and by 1.9% for the distributed ducted fans. Steady-state flow analyses further show that the ground effect leads to a decrease in the outlet velocity and a reduction in the effective flow area, thereby lowering the duct thrust. Concurrently, the increased blade angle of attack raises the aerodynamic loads on the rotor and stator blades, enhancing the blade thrust. Transient analyses reveal that for the isolated ducted fan, ground effect induces a tip vortex driven by tip leakage and a ground vortex triggered by shear layer instability, resulting in transient aerodynamic force fluctuations with a standard deviation of 9.1% of the time-averaged thrust. For the distributed ducted fans, aerodynamic interference between fans causes vortex superposition, forming a highly complex three-dimensional vortex structure and leading to a standard deviation in transient force fluctuation as high as 59.9% of the time-averaged thrust.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Carbon Emission Calculation Method for Power System Based on Personalized Transformer with Two-Stage Training","authors":"Bixuan Gao, Riwei Zhang, Xiangyu Kong, Gaohua Liu, Kaijie Fang, Meimei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.032
Jinhai Wang, Shinichi Nakagawa, Jiaqi Wang, Robert Stewart, Alexandra Florea, Rex A. Dunham, Fei Ling, Gaoxue Wang, Lily Liu, Diego Robledo
Production traits such as growth, disease resistance, and fatty acid content in engineered animals are anticipated to be enhanced via transgenesis (TG) or genome editing (GE). It is, however, unclear whether this expectation is upheld when making global comparisons across taxa. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 154 research papers covering 72 species and 55 genes, with the aim of quantifying and comparing the effects of TG and GE on animal production traits. Although TG is more commonly used for trait enhancement, GE has more pronounced and widespread effects, particularly on growth and disease resistance traits. This is reflected in larger effect sizes and broader impacts across trait responses. Yet, we observe differences in patterns of trait enhancement that are specific to taxon and parameter. For instance, TG reduces pathogen load in chickens and cattle, but not in pigs; conversely, GE lowers virus RNA levels in pigs, but is less successful in chickens and cattle. In contrast, both TG and GE significantly increase growth rates in ray-finned fish. It is notable that, although transgenes or edited genes remain highly expressed or repressed in Filial 1 (F1) offspring, the magnitude of trait improvement is diminished compared to the founder generations. This study provides evidence-based insights to assist researchers in refining their methods and directing future investigations into trait enhancement in genetically engineered animals, while also informing policymaking.
{"title":"Evidence that Genome Editing is Preferable to Transgenesis for Enhancing Animal Traits","authors":"Jinhai Wang, Shinichi Nakagawa, Jiaqi Wang, Robert Stewart, Alexandra Florea, Rex A. Dunham, Fei Ling, Gaoxue Wang, Lily Liu, Diego Robledo","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.032","url":null,"abstract":"Production traits such as growth, disease resistance, and fatty acid content in engineered animals are anticipated to be enhanced via transgenesis (TG) or genome editing (GE). It is, however, unclear whether this expectation is upheld when making global comparisons across taxa. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 154 research papers covering 72 species and 55 genes, with the aim of quantifying and comparing the effects of TG and GE on animal production traits. Although TG is more commonly used for trait enhancement, GE has more pronounced and widespread effects, particularly on growth and disease resistance traits. This is reflected in larger effect sizes and broader impacts across trait responses. Yet, we observe differences in patterns of trait enhancement that are specific to taxon and parameter. For instance, TG reduces pathogen load in chickens and cattle, but not in pigs; conversely, GE lowers virus RNA levels in pigs, but is less successful in chickens and cattle. In contrast, both TG and GE significantly increase growth rates in ray-finned fish. It is notable that, although transgenes or edited genes remain highly expressed or repressed in Filial 1 (F<sub>1</sub>) offspring, the magnitude of trait improvement is diminished compared to the founder generations. This study provides evidence-based insights to assist researchers in refining their methods and directing future investigations into trait enhancement in genetically engineered animals, while also informing policymaking.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.004
Mitch Leslie
{"title":"Not a Bot—AI Spurs Movement for Proof of Personhood","authors":"Mitch Leslie","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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