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Prospects for Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules: From Perspectives of Economic Benefits, Technological Feasibility, and Environmental Protection 深海多金属结核商业开发前景：从经济效益、技术可行性和环境保护的角度

IF 12.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.018

Huajun Li, Jiancheng Liu, Lei Li, Xiuzhan Zhang, Liwei Yu

引用次数: 0

US Struggles to Build High-Speed Rail 美国努力建设高铁

IF 12.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.019

引用次数: 0

Superior Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution of Nickel-Based Metals Modulated by Controllable Graphene Layers via Interfacial Redox Process 界面氧化还原过程中可控石墨烯层调制镍基金属优越的电催化析氧

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.028

Zhibin Liu , Dashuai Wang , Xinyi Tan , Libin Zeng , Xianyun Peng , Bin Yang , Zhongjian Li , Lecheng Lei , Yang Hou

Metallic Ni is widely used for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. It acts as a precatalyst and undergoes surface reconstruction into NiOOH, which is the active species used in OER. Consequently, OER performance is highly related to the NiOOH structure, which is determined by the precatalyst. Thus, the modulation of metallic Ni to obtain superior NiOOH is critical. Herein, an interfacial redox modulation strategy is proposed to oxidize a Ni foam (NF) surface into the desired Ni²⁺ species using electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EG). OER-favorable γ-NiOOH on EG-oxidized NF was investigated under anodic potentials by in situ characterization techniques, whereby the formation of inferior β-NiOOH was found to be inhibited. Single Ni atoms and clusters were anchored onto the EG layers after reduction. The altered γ-NiOOH and Ni single atoms and clusters improved the OER performance of the EG-oxidized NF with low overpotential and enhanced stability. Subsequently, controllable EG and Ni-based metals were used to verify the versatility of the proposed interfacial redox modulation strategy. The optimized EG-oxidized NiFe system achieved an overpotential of 243 mV at 10 mA⋅cm⁻² and long-term stability at 500 mA⋅cm⁻² for 100 h.

金属镍广泛应用于析氧反应（OER）的催化。它作为预催化剂，经过表面重构成为NiOOH， NiOOH是OER中使用的活性物质。因此，OER性能与NiOOH的结构密切相关，而NiOOH的结构是由预催化剂决定的。因此，调制金属Ni以获得优质NiOOH是至关重要的。本文提出了一种界面氧化还原调制策略，利用电化学剥离的石墨烯（EG）将泡沫镍（NF）表面氧化成所需的Ni2+物质。在阳极电位下，通过原位技术研究了eg氧化NF上的过优γ-NiOOH，发现低优β-NiOOH的形成受到抑制。还原后，单个Ni原子和簇被固定在EG层上。γ-NiOOH和Ni单原子和簇的改变提高了ego氧化NF的OER性能，降低了过电位，增强了稳定性。随后，使用可控EG和ni基金属来验证所提出的界面氧化还原调制策略的通用性。优化后的eg氧化NiFe体系在10 mA·cm−2下的过电位为243 mV，在500 mA·cm−2下的长期稳定性为100 h。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting Macroevolutionary Patterns in the Human N-Glycosylation Pathway 对比人类n -糖基化途径的宏观进化模式

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.039

Domagoj Kifer , Nina Čorak , Mirjana Domazet-Lošo , Niko Kasalo , Gordan Lauc , Göran Klobučar , Tomislav Domazet-Lošo

Building on coding mutations and splicing variants, post-translational modifications add a final layer to protein diversity that operates at developmental and physiological timescales. Although protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications, its evolutionary origin remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed a phylostratigraphic tracking of glycosylation machinery (GM) genes and their targets—glycoproteins (GPs)—in a broad phylogenetic context. Our results show that the vast majority of human GM genes trace back to two evolutionary periods: the origin of all cellular organisms and the origin of all eukaryotes. This indicates that protein glycosylation is an ancient process likely common to all life, further elaborated in early eukaryotes. In contrast, human glycoproteins exhibited prominent enrichment signals in more recent evolutionary periods, suggesting an important role in the transition from metazoans to vertebrates. Focusing specifically on the N-glycosylation (NG) pathway, we noted that the majority of NG genes acting on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trace back to the origin of cellular organisms. This sharply contrasts with the rest of the NG pathway, which is oriented toward the ER lumen, where genes of eukaryotic origin predominate. In the Golgi, we also identified an analogous binary evolutionary origin of GM genes. We discuss these findings in the context of the evolutionary emergence of the eukaryotic endomembrane system and propose that the ER evolved through the invagination of a prokaryotic cell membrane containing an NG pathway.

基于编码突变和剪接变异，翻译后修饰在发育和生理时间尺度上为蛋白质多样性增加了最后一层。尽管蛋白糖基化是最常见的翻译后修饰之一，但其进化起源在很大程度上仍未被探索。在这里，我们在广泛的系统发育背景下对糖基化机制（GM）基因及其靶点-糖基化蛋白进行了系统地层追踪。我们的研究结果表明，绝大多数人类转基因基因可以追溯到两个进化时期：所有细胞生物的起源和所有真核生物的起源。这表明蛋白质糖基化是一个古老的过程，可能是所有生命共同的，在早期真核生物中得到进一步阐述。相比之下，人类糖蛋白在更近的进化时期表现出显著的富集信号，表明在从后生动物向脊椎动物过渡的过程中发挥了重要作用。特别关注n -糖基化（NG）途径，我们注意到大多数作用于内质网（ER）细胞质侧的NG基因可以追溯到细胞生物的起源。这与NG通路的其余部分形成鲜明对比，后者指向内质网管腔，其中真核来源的基因占主导地位。在高尔基体中，我们也发现了类似的转基因基因的二元进化起源。我们在真核生物内膜系统进化出现的背景下讨论了这些发现，并提出内压ER是通过含有NG途径的原核细胞膜进化而来的。

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引用次数: 0

Non-Traditional and Natural Pozzolans as Precursors for Sustainable Alkali-Activated Binders: Reactivity, Phase Assemblage, and Composition Analysis 非传统和天然火山灰作为可持续碱活化粘合剂的前体：反应性、相组合和成分分析

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.003

Roshan Muththa Arachchige , Shubham Mishra , Jan Olek , Farshad Rajabipour , Sulapha Peethamparan

This study evaluates four groups of non-traditional aluminosilicate industrial coal byproducts and natural pozzolans—ground bottom ashes (GBAs), low-purity calcined clays (CCs), volcanic ashes (VAs), and fluidized bed combustion ashes (FBCAs)—as potential precursors for alkali-activated binders. Each group was activated using a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution under optimized solution parameters. Their reaction behavior, pore solution changes, phase assemblage, and composition were analyzed using various material characterization tools. Results indicate that the reaction rate and total heat are similar to those of conventional fly ash precursors, with total heat release 38%–82% lower than that of Portland cement. Pore solution analyses reveal the formation of typical alkali-activated gel phases, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed calcium sodium aluminosilicate hydrates with aluminum/silicon (Al/Si) ranging 0.07–0.36. A novel reactivity index was proposed using Al-NMR. CCs and GBAs exhibited superior performance compared to other two materials used.

本研究评估了四组非传统铝硅酸盐工业煤副产品和天然火山灰——底灰（GBAs）、低纯度煅烧粘土（CCs）、火山灰（VAs）和流化床燃烧灰（FBCAs）——作为碱活化粘合剂的潜在前体。在优化的溶液参数下，采用水玻璃-氢氧化钠混合溶液对各组进行活化。利用各种材料表征工具分析了它们的反应行为、孔隙溶液变化、相组合和组成。结果表明，该材料的反应速率和总放热与常规粉煤灰前驱体相似，总放热比硅酸盐水泥低38% ~ 82%。孔溶液分析显示形成了典型的碱活化凝胶相，核磁共振（NMR）显示铝硅酸钙钠水合物，铝硅比（Al/Si）在0.07-0.36之间。利用Al-NMR提出了一种新的反应性指标。与使用的其他两种材料相比，CCs和gba表现出优越的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Vision Sensing for Intelligent Driving: Technical Challenges and Innovative Solutions 智能驾驶的视觉传感：技术挑战和创新解决方案

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.038

Xinle Gong , Zhihua Zhong

引用次数: 0

Can DNA Be Glycosylated? DNA可以糖基化吗？

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.006

Wei Wang

引用次数: 0

From Flu to Therapy: Development of Influenza Viruses as Platforms for Combating Infections and Cancer 从流感到治疗：流感病毒作为对抗感染和癌症平台的发展

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.12.007

Demin Zhou , Dezhong Ji , Jiandong Jiang

引用次数: 0

Multi-Frequency Dual-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Real-Time and Artifact-Free Magnetic Robot Navigation 实时无伪影磁机器人导航的多频双回波磁共振成像

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.027

Renkuan Zhai , Zhangqi Pan , Yuanshi Kou , Chuang Yang , Yang Ruan , Chenli Xu , Linjie He , Jianfeng Zang

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, outfitted with internal gradient coils capable of manipulating magnetic gradients in three-dimensional (3D) space, offer an intriguing platform for the navigation of medical magnetic robots. These robots offer considerable promise for applications in minimally invasive therapy, targeted drug delivery, and theranostic interventions. However, an MRI-driven robot presents a challenging contradiction between real-time control and image resolution, resulting in suboptimal tracking accuracy—attributed to the inefficiency of conventional signal acquisition and the presence of metal artifacts. In this paper, we report a multi-frequency excitation sequence with dual-echo (MFDE) that reduces the repetition time (TR) to 30 ms, allowing the precise tracking of magnetic particles (relative error < 1%) without artifacts. The duty cycle of the driving gradient is as high as 77%, and perturbations from the imaging gradients are eliminated. Expanding on these foundations, we adapted our technique to 3D operations. We established an integrated platform for imaging and motion control by creating a three-view window and developing a control joystick to be used in conjunction with the platform. Demonstrations of navigation in a maze, in a phantom vessel, and in vivo animal trials validate its feasibility and effectiveness, providing a significant advancement in the field of MRI-guided magnetic robot control.

磁共振成像（MRI）系统配备了内部梯度线圈，能够在三维（3D）空间中操纵磁梯度，为医用磁性机器人的导航提供了一个有趣的平台。这些机器人在微创治疗、靶向药物输送和治疗干预方面的应用前景可观。然而，mri驱动的机器人在实时控制和图像分辨率之间存在一个具有挑战性的矛盾，由于传统信号采集效率低下和金属伪影的存在，导致跟踪精度不理想。在本文中，我们报告了一种具有双回波（MFDE）的多频率激励序列，该序列将重复时间（TR）减少到30 ms，允许精确跟踪磁颗粒（相对误差<；1%）而不会产生伪影。驱动梯度占空比高达77%，消除了成像梯度的扰动。在这些基础上进行扩展，我们将我们的技术应用于3D操作。我们通过创建一个三视图窗口和开发一个与该平台结合使用的控制操纵杆，建立了一个集成的成像和运动控制平台。迷宫导航演示、幻船导航演示和活体动物实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性，为mri引导磁机器人控制领域提供了重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Neural Network-Based Switching Output Regulation Control for High-Speed Nano-Positioning Stages 基于神经网络的高速纳米定位平台开关输出调节控制

IF 11.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.023

Hongwei Sun , Ning Xing , Jiayu Zou , Yuqi Rong , Yang Shi , Han Ding , Hai-Tao Zhang

This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro- or nano-scale manipulations. Accordingly, a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller (NN-SORC) was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity. To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency, a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit (FPGA–CPU) dual-layer data-processing framework was developed. A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework, resulting in a switching-tracking error system. With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique, sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-/nano-scale detection and manufacturing processes. Finally, extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.

本研究建立了一种高速纳米定位平台，该平台由对称驱动结构和多个平行键合的薄压电陶瓷层组成，能够进行微纳米级的操作。为此，开发了一种基于神经网络的开关输出调节控制器（NN-SORC）来补偿相关的滞后非线性。针对浮点运算速度慢、编译效率低的问题，设计了一种采用现场可编程门阵列-中央处理器（FPGA-CPU）双层数据处理框架的闭环控制系统。设计了一种反馈线性化方法，对框架的滞后非线性进行线性化处理，得到了切换跟踪误差系统。利用李雅普诺夫理论和平均停留时间技术，推导了利用实际微/纳米尺度检测和制造过程中经常遇到的开关参考信号，保证NN-SORC控制闭环系统渐近稳定的充分条件。最后，进行了大量的对比实验，验证了所提出的NN-SORC方案的有效性和优越性。

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