Engineering最新文献

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Geothermal Power Potential Heats Up

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.008

Mitch Leslie (Senior Technology Writer)

引用次数: 0

Petrochemical Industry for the Future

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.017

Yao Zhang , Enhui Xing , Wei Han , Panfeng Yang , Song Zhang , Su Liu , Dongxue Cao , Mingfeng Li

Petroleum has played a vital role as the major supplier of materials and energy during the evolution of human civilization. Given the change in demand for energy from high to low carbon and ultimately net zero carbon, the energy framework has undergone revolutionary changes. The energy attribute of petroleum will be gradually weakened, while the material and CO₂ emission attributes will be gradually strengthened. Thus, the petrochemical processing basis, scientific concepts, and ideas will undergo major adjustments to reshape the petrochemical industry. Hence, it is necessary to reconsider the evolution of the petrochemical industry from a historical perspective and to clarify the historical causes, development contexts, and possible challenges in future development. Herein, we critically reassess the key drivers and rules guiding the development of the petrochemical industry and propose a reconstruction strategy based on simplified engineering thinking, innate nature of energy and material, and CO₂ emissions, which can be realized through the integration of gasification with CO as the target product and recent C1 chemistry targeting the precise synthesis of chemicals. The concept of the petrochemical industry will change from the product-based process of selection and transformation of raw material molecules to the process of carbon atom reconfiguration driven by product CO₂ emissions. More accurate management of C atoms can be accomplished with greatly improved utilization efficiency and the reduction of separation intensity and CO₂ emissions via the stepwise introduction of a new approach in the current petrochemical industry.

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引用次数: 0

Re-Evaluating Challenges and Solutions in Wastewater Surveillance

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.023

Jing Han , Zhou-Hua Cheng , Dong-Feng Liu, Han-Qing Yu

引用次数: 0

First RNA-Based Insecticide Reaches Market

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.010

Jennifer Welsh (Senior Technology Writer)

引用次数: 0

The Baihetan Hydropower Station Project in Jinsha River

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.004

Chunsheng Zhang

引用次数: 0

Phloretin Targets Polyphosphate Kinase 1 to Attenuate Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence and Persistence In Vitro and In Vivo

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.002

Hongfa Lv , Shufang Li , Jian Guan , Peng Zhang , Lingcong Kong , Hongxia Ma , Dan Li , Xuming Deng , Xiaodi Niu , Jianfeng Wang

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is well known for its virulence and persistence, particularly in intensive care units. Therefore, new strategies and candidates to treat A. baumannii infection are urgently needed considering the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) is required for bacterial survival as it is involved in maintaining antibiotic resistance or tolerance, pathogenesis, and adversity resistance. Multiple phenotypic assays related to virulence and persistence were performed in this study, and phloretin was shown to attenuate A. baumannii virulence and persistence by inhibiting PPK1 activity. Phloretin hampered mobility, interfered with biofilm formation and decreased resistance to ampicillin, heat, and hydrogen peroxide stress in A. baumannii. The therapeutic effect was also examined in a mouse pneumonia infection model. Molecular simulation and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that ARG-22, MET-622, ASN-57, and ARG-65 were the sites of phloretin action against PPK1. Phloretin treatment led to changes in metabolic pathways associated with A. baumannii virulence and persistence, including glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, phloretin alleviated pneumonic injury in a mouse pneumonia infection model in vivo, indicating that phloretin is a promising compound for preventing A. baumannii infection resistance by targeting PPK1.

{"title":"Phloretin Targets Polyphosphate Kinase 1 to Attenuate Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence and Persistence In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Hongfa Lv , Shufang Li , Jian Guan , Peng Zhang , Lingcong Kong , Hongxia Ma , Dan Li , Xuming Deng , Xiaodi Niu , Jianfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (<em>A. baumannii</em>) is well known for its virulence and persistence, particularly in intensive care units. Therefore, new strategies and candidates to treat <em>A. baumannii</em> infection are urgently needed considering the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) is required for bacterial survival as it is involved in maintaining antibiotic resistance or tolerance, pathogenesis, and adversity resistance. Multiple phenotypic assays related to virulence and persistence were performed in this study, and phloretin was shown to attenuate <em>A. baumannii</em> virulence and persistence by inhibiting PPK1 activity. Phloretin hampered mobility, interfered with biofilm formation and decreased resistance to ampicillin, heat, and hydrogen peroxide stress in <em>A. baumannii</em>. The therapeutic effect was also examined in a mouse pneumonia infection model. Molecular simulation and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that ARG-22, MET-622, ASN-57, and ARG-65 were the sites of phloretin action against PPK1. Phloretin treatment led to changes in metabolic pathways associated with <em>A. baumannii</em> virulence and persistence, including glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, phloretin alleviated pneumonic injury in a mouse pneumonia infection model <em>in vivo</em>, indicating that phloretin is a promising compound for preventing <em>A. baumannii</em> infection resistance by targeting PPK1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 258-271"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143326745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empowering Scenario Planning with Artificial Intelligence: A Perspective on Building Smart and Resilient Cities 用人工智能增强情景规划能力：建设智能型和抗灾型城市的视角

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.012

Haiyan Hao , Yan Wang , Jiayu Chen

Scenario planning is a powerful tool for cities to navigate uncertainties and mitigate the impacts of adverse scenarios by projecting future outcomes based on present-day decisions. This approach is becoming increasingly important given the growing call for building resilient cities to face adverse future scenarios posed by emerging disruptive technologies and climate change. However, conventional scenario planning practices predominantly rely on expert knowledge and judgment, which may be limited in accounting for the complexity of future scenarios. Therefore, we explored the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to assist scenario planning practices. We synthesized related studies from various disciplines (e.g., engineering, computer science, and urban planning) to identify the potential applications of AI in the three key components of scenario planning: plan generation, scenario generation, and plan evaluation. We then discuss the challenges and possible solutions for integrating AI into the scenario planning process and highlight the critical role of planning experts in this process. We conclude by outlining future research opportunities in this context. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of scenario planning practices and aids the creation of more resilient cities that can thrive in an uncertain future.

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引用次数: 0

Nanofluidic Manipulation of Single Nanometric Objects: Current Progress, Challenges, and Future Opportunities

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.021

Nattapong Chantipmanee , Yan Xu

The manipulation of nanometric objects, encompassing both non-biological and biological objects, offers a transformative avenue for breakthroughs in diverse fields, such as chemistry, biology, chemical and biomedical engineering, materials and mechanical engineering, and various industrial applications. However, achieving accuracy, precision, and high throughput in the manipulation of nanometric objects, whether on the scale of a single nanometric entity or molecule, is a formidable challenge because of the extremely small dimensions involved. Nanofluidics has already demonstrated unique capabilities for transporting the mass of ions and small molecules at the nanoscale. We posit that chip-based nanofluidic devices provide potent strategies for the precise, accurate, and high-throughput manipulation of single nanometric entities and molecules, benefiting from their dimensions, which are comparable to those of nanometric objects. This article offers an overview of the current progress in nanofluidic manipulation of single nanometric objects. It also discusses the challenges in the development of nanofluidic manipulation technologies. Furthermore, the article explores future opportunities in the field, highlighting possible solutions to the challenges, and aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on nanofluidic manipulation, thus propelling the field to overcome its current limitations.

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引用次数: 0

Stock Volatility Increases the Mortality Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Suicide: A Case-Crossover Study of 12 Million Deaths 股票波动会增加重大不良心血管事件和自杀的死亡率风险：对 1,200 万例死亡的病例交叉研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.010

Ya Gao , Peng Yin , Haidong Kan , Renjie Chen , Maigeng Zhou

Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor, but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and suicide. Here, we conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study to explore the association of daily stock volatility (daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices) with MACEs and suicide among more than 12 million individual decedents from all counties in the mainland of China between 2013 and 2019. For daily stock returns, both stock increases and decreases were associated with increased mortality risks of all MACEs and suicide. There were consistent and positive associations between intra-daily stock oscillations and mortality due to MACEs and suicide. The excess mortality risks occurred at the current day (lag 0 d), persisted for two days, and were greatest for suicide and hemorrhagic stroke. Taking the present-day Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as an example, a 1% decrease in daily returns was associated with 0.74%–1.04% and 1.77% increases in mortality risks of MACEs and suicide, respectively; the corresponding risk increments were 0.57%–0.85% and 0.92% for a 1% increase in daily returns and 0.67%–0.77% and 1.09% for a 1% increase in intra-daily stock oscillations. The excess risks were more pronounced among individuals aged 65–74 years, males, and those with lower education levels. Our findings revealed considerable health risks linked to sociopsychological stressors, which are helpful for the government and general public to mitigate the immediate cardiovascular and mental health risks associated with stock market volatility.

股票波动是一种不利的心理压力源，但很少有大规模研究关注其对重大不良心血管事件（MACE）和自杀的影响。在此，我们开展了一项个体水平的时间分层病例交叉研究，探讨了2013年至2019年间中国大陆所有县域的1200多万个体死者中，股票日波动（三种股票指数的日收益率和日内振荡）与MACEs和自杀的关系。就股票日收益率而言，股票涨跌均与所有MACEs和自杀的死亡风险增加相关。日内股票振荡与MACEs和自杀死亡率之间存在一致的正相关。超额死亡风险发生在当日（滞后 0 d），持续两天，自杀和出血性脑卒中的超额死亡风险最大。以当日沪深300指数为例，日收益率每下降1%，MACEs和自杀的死亡风险分别增加0.74%-1.04%和1.77%；日收益率每增加1%，相应的风险分别增加0.57%-0.85%和0.92%；日内股票振荡每增加1%，相应的风险分别增加0.67%-0.77%和1.09%。超额风险在 65-74 岁、男性和教育水平较低的人群中更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，相当大的健康风险与社会心理压力有关，这有助于政府和公众减轻股市波动带来的直接心血管和心理健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an Engineered Sugar Aminotransferase with Simultaneously Improved Stability and Non-Natural Substrate Activity to Synthesize the Glucosidase Inhibitor Valienamine 开发具有同时改善稳定性和非天然底物活性的工程糖氨基转移酶，以合成葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂缬烯胺

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.026

Runxi Wang , Lu Qiao , Mufei Liu , Yanpeng Ran, Jun Wang, Wupeng Yan, Yan Feng, Li Cui

Sugar aminotransferases (SATs) catalyze the installation of chiral amines onto specific keto sugars, producing bioactive amino sugars. Their activity has been utilized in artificial reactions, such as using the SAT WecE to transform valienone into the valuable α-glucosidase inhibitor valienamine. However, the low thermostability and limited activity on non-natural substrates have hindered their applications. Simultaneously improving stability and enzyme activity is particularly challenging owing to the acknowledged inherent trade-off between stability and activity. A customized combinatorial active-site saturation test–iterative saturation mutagenesis (CAST-ISM) strategy was used to simultaneously enhance the stability and activity of WecE toward valienone. Fourteen hotspots related to improving the stability–activity trade-off were identified based on evolutionary conservation and the average mutation folding energy assessment of 57 residues in the active site of WecE. Positive mutagenesis and combinatorial mutations of these specific residues were accomplished via site-directed saturation mutagenesis (SSM) and iterative evolution cycles. Compared with those of the wild-type (WT) WecE, the quadruple mutant M4 (Y321F/K209F/V318R/F319V) displayed a 641.49-fold increase in half-life (t_1/2) at 40 °C and a 31.37-fold increase in activity toward the non-natural substrate valienone. The triple mutant M3 (Y321F/K209F/V318R) demonstrated an 83.04-fold increase in (t_1/2) at 40 °C and a 37.77-fold increase in activity toward valienone. The underlying mechanism was dependent on the strengthened interface interactions and shortened transamination reaction catalytic distance, compared with those of the WT, which improved the stability and activity of the obtained mutants. Thus, we accomplished a general target-oriented strategy for obtaining stable and highly active SATs for artificial amino-sugar biosynthesis applications.

糖胺转移酶（SAT）可催化手性胺与特定酮糖的结合，产生具有生物活性的氨基糖。它们的活性已被用于人工反应，例如利用 SAT WecE 将缬烯酮转化为有价值的 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂缬烯胺。然而，由于其热稳定性低，对非天然底物的活性有限，阻碍了它们的应用。由于稳定性和活性之间存在公认的固有权衡，因此同时提高稳定性和酶活性尤其具有挑战性。为了同时提高 WecE 对缬烯酮的稳定性和活性，我们采用了一种定制的组合活性位点饱和试验-迭代饱和诱变（CAST-ISM）策略。根据对 WecE 活性位点 57 个残基的进化保护和平均突变折叠能评估，确定了 14 个与提高稳定性和活性权衡有关的热点。通过定点饱和诱变（SSM）和迭代进化循环完成了这些特定残基的正突变和组合突变。与野生型（WT）WecE 相比，四重突变体 M4（Y321F/K209F/V318R/F319V）在 40 °C 时的半衰期（t1/2）延长了 641.49 倍，对非天然底物缬烯酮的活性提高了 31.37 倍。三重突变体 M3（Y321F/K209F/V318R）在 40 °C 时的半衰期（t1/2）延长了 83.04 倍，对缬烯酮的活性提高了 37.77 倍。与 WT 相比，突变体的界面相互作用增强，转氨酶反应催化距离缩短，从而提高了突变体的稳定性和活性。因此，我们完成了一种以目标为导向的通用策略，为人工氨基酸生物合成应用获得了稳定和高活性的 SATs。

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引用次数: 0

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