Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.018
Hang Li , Yudan Ma , Rongxin Fu , Jiaxi Peng , Yanbing Zhai , Jinhua Li , Wei Xu , Siyi Hu , Hanbin Ma , Aaron R. Wheeler , Shuailong Zhang
Microproteomics, the profiling of protein expressions in small cell populations or individual cells, is essential for understanding complex biological systems. However, sample loss and insufficient sensitivity of analytical techniques pose severe challenges to this field. Microfluidics, particularly droplet-based microfluidics, provides an ideal approach by enabling miniaturized and integrated workflows to process samples and offers several advantages, including reduced sample loss, low reagent consumption, faster reaction times, and improved throughput. Droplet-based microfluidics manipulates droplets of fluids to function as discrete reaction units, enabling complex chemical reactions and biological workflows in a miniaturized setting. This article discusses a variety of on-chip functions of droplet-based microfluidics, including cell sorting, cell culture, and sample processing. We then highlight recent advances in the mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of single cells using droplet-based microfluidic platforms, including digital microfluidics (DMF). Finally, we review the integrated DMF–MS systems that enable automated and parallel proteomic profiling of single cells with high sensitivity and discuss the applications of the technology and its future perspectives.
{"title":"Droplet-Based Microfluidics with Mass Spectrometry for Microproteomics","authors":"Hang Li , Yudan Ma , Rongxin Fu , Jiaxi Peng , Yanbing Zhai , Jinhua Li , Wei Xu , Siyi Hu , Hanbin Ma , Aaron R. Wheeler , Shuailong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microproteomics, the profiling of protein expressions in small cell populations or individual cells, is essential for understanding complex biological systems. However, sample loss and insufficient sensitivity of analytical techniques pose severe challenges to this field. Microfluidics, particularly droplet-based microfluidics, provides an ideal approach by enabling miniaturized and integrated workflows to process samples and offers several advantages, including reduced sample loss, low reagent consumption, faster reaction times, and improved throughput. Droplet-based microfluidics manipulates droplets of fluids to function as discrete reaction units, enabling complex chemical reactions and biological workflows in a miniaturized setting. This article discusses a variety of on-chip functions of droplet-based microfluidics, including cell sorting, cell culture, and sample processing. We then highlight recent advances in the mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of single cells using droplet-based microfluidic platforms, including digital microfluidics (DMF). Finally, we review the integrated DMF–MS systems that enable automated and parallel proteomic profiling of single cells with high sensitivity and discuss the applications of the technology and its future perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.019
Justus Wesseler , Mengshuai Zhu
{"title":"The Contribution of the Bioeconomy to Sustainable Development","authors":"Justus Wesseler , Mengshuai Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 25-27"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143326587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.008
Jinjing Huang , Xia Liu , Kaixing Fu , Shengyun Yang , Shiqing Zhou , Jinming Luo
The valorization of Chinese medicine residues (CMRs) into high-value-added products, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), has garnered significant interest in the current post-pandemic era, particularly in regions where Chinese medicine (CM) is widely utilized (i.e., southeast Asia). In this study, we propose a facile and economical protocol for selectively extracting MCC from CMRs via one-step direct peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation without the need for intricate steps. Importantly, our proposed protocol has been verified to be versatile and can be applied to various solid waste sources rich in cellulose, with an average extraction rate of 75%. Analysis using the Fukui index revealed that the β-O-4 bond, the aromatic ring in lignin, specific O sites in hemicellulose, and the amorphous region of cellulose are more susceptible to electrophilic attack by PMS than to reactions involving HO, SO4−, or 1O2. Leveraging this distinct mechanism, the extracted MCC demonstrated ultrahigh purity (∼95%) and crystallinity (∼85.36%). Overall, our work involves transforming solid waste into high-value products through the provision of a technical solution, with the potential for onsite application. This represents a significant advancement to the valorization of CMRs, particularly in providing theoretical guidance for accelerating the recycling of waste materials.
{"title":"Selective Microcrystalline Cellulose Extraction from Chinese Medicine Residues via Direct PMS Oxidation","authors":"Jinjing Huang , Xia Liu , Kaixing Fu , Shengyun Yang , Shiqing Zhou , Jinming Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of Chinese medicine residues (CMRs) into high-value-added products, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), has garnered significant interest in the current post-pandemic era, particularly in regions where Chinese medicine (CM) is widely utilized (i.e., southeast Asia). In this study, we propose a facile and economical protocol for selectively extracting MCC from CMRs via one-step direct peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation without the need for intricate steps. Importantly, our proposed protocol has been verified to be versatile and can be applied to various solid waste sources rich in cellulose, with an average extraction rate of 75%. Analysis using the Fukui index revealed that the β-O-4 bond, the aromatic ring in lignin, specific O sites in hemicellulose, and the amorphous region of cellulose are more susceptible to electrophilic attack by PMS than to reactions involving HO<sup><img></sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup><img>−</sup>, or <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. Leveraging this distinct mechanism, the extracted MCC demonstrated ultrahigh purity (∼95%) and crystallinity (∼85.36%). Overall, our work involves transforming solid waste into high-value products through the provision of a technical solution, with the potential for onsite application. This represents a significant advancement to the valorization of CMRs, particularly in providing theoretical guidance for accelerating the recycling of waste materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.009
Ye Yuan , Junjie Zhang , Wanxin Yin , Lulu Zhang , Lin Li , Tianming Chen , Cheng Ding , Wenzong Liu , Aijie Wang , Fan Chen
The effective elimination of aromatic compounds from wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the ecological environment. Bioelectrochemical processes that combine cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation represent a promising approach for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds. However, conventional direct current bioelectrochemical methods have intrinsic limitations. In this study, a low-frequency and low-voltage alternating current (LFV-AC)-driven bioelectrode offering periodic in situ coupling of reduction and oxidation processes was developed for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds, as exemplified by the degradation of alizarin yellow R (AYR). LFV-AC stimulated biofilm demonstrated efficient bidirectional electron transfer and oxidation–reduction bifunctionality, considerably boosting AYR reduction (63.07% ± 1.91%) and subsequent mineralization of intermediate products (98.63% ± 0.37%). LFV-AC stimulation facilitated the assembly of a collaborative microbiome dedicated to AYR metabolism, characterized by an increased abundance of functional consortia proficient in azo dye reduction (Stenotrophomonas and Bradyrhizobium), aromatic intermediate oxidation (Sphingopyxis and Sphingomonas), and electron transfer (Geobacter and Pseudomonas). The collaborative microbiome demonstrated a notable enrichment of functional genes encoding azo- and nitro-reductases, catechol oxygenases, and redox mediator proteins. These findings highlight the effectiveness of LFV-AC stimulation in boosting azo dye biomineralization, offering a novel and sustainable approach for the efficient removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater.
{"title":"In Situ Coupling of Reduction and Oxidation Processes with Alternating Current-Driven Bioelectrodes for Efficient Mineralization of Refractory Pollutants","authors":"Ye Yuan , Junjie Zhang , Wanxin Yin , Lulu Zhang , Lin Li , Tianming Chen , Cheng Ding , Wenzong Liu , Aijie Wang , Fan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective elimination of aromatic compounds from wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the ecological environment. Bioelectrochemical processes that combine cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation represent a promising approach for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds. However, conventional direct current bioelectrochemical methods have intrinsic limitations. In this study, a low-frequency and low-voltage alternating current (LFV-AC)-driven bioelectrode offering periodic <em>in situ</em> coupling of reduction and oxidation processes was developed for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds, as exemplified by the degradation of alizarin yellow R (AYR). LFV-AC stimulated biofilm demonstrated efficient bidirectional electron transfer and oxidation–reduction bifunctionality, considerably boosting AYR reduction (63.07% ± 1.91%) and subsequent mineralization of intermediate products (98.63% ± 0.37%). LFV-AC stimulation facilitated the assembly of a collaborative microbiome dedicated to AYR metabolism, characterized by an increased abundance of functional consortia proficient in azo dye reduction (<em>Stenotrophomonas</em> and <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>), aromatic intermediate oxidation (<em>Sphingopyxis</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em>), and electron transfer (<em>Geobacter</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>). The collaborative microbiome demonstrated a notable enrichment of functional genes encoding azo- and nitro-reductases, catechol oxygenases, and redox mediator proteins. These findings highlight the effectiveness of LFV-AC stimulation in boosting azo dye biomineralization, offering a novel and sustainable approach for the efficient removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.010
Nuo Lin , Han Xu , Haichao Liu , Xiaoqian Ma , Qunying Shi , Qing Yang , Yating Wen , Huanglei Wei , Ke Hu , Bing Yang , Hongmin Chen
Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cancer, but it is associated with major side effects due to the high dose of radiation (generally more than 50 Gy). Because radiation’s low acute and late toxicity, many tumors are treated with fractionated radiation in small doses (< 2 Gy). Scintillator X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy is an efficient methodology for cancer management that employs small doses of X-ray irradiation (< 2 Gy) in a complex process. Here we screened pharmaceutical drug intermediates that are derivatives of thioxanthone (TX) and investigated TX-derived organic pharmaceutical molecules that efficiently undergo X-ray-sensitization to populate triplet excitons (singlet oxygen) for cancer therapy when exposed to low-dose X-ray irradiation. By modifying alkoxy side chain substitutions at the 2-position to tune the molecular packing and intermolecular interactions, the fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence of a series of TX derivatives were assessed under X-ray irradiation. The ability of these derivatives to generate singlet oxygen and their potential for treating tumors provide new opportunities for developing organic molecules with simple chemical structures, in which large numbers of triplets can be populated directly under ultralow-dose X-ray irradiation.
{"title":"X-Ray-Sensitizers: Organic Pharmaceutical Drug Intermediates Activated Directly by X-Rays to Efficiently Populate Triplet Excitons for Cancer Treatment","authors":"Nuo Lin , Han Xu , Haichao Liu , Xiaoqian Ma , Qunying Shi , Qing Yang , Yating Wen , Huanglei Wei , Ke Hu , Bing Yang , Hongmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cancer, but it is associated with major side effects due to the high dose of radiation (generally more than 50 Gy). Because radiation’s low acute and late toxicity, many tumors are treated with fractionated radiation in small doses (< 2 Gy). Scintillator X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy is an efficient methodology for cancer management that employs small doses of X-ray irradiation (< 2 Gy) in a complex process. Here we screened pharmaceutical drug intermediates that are derivatives of thioxanthone (TX) and investigated TX-derived organic pharmaceutical molecules that efficiently undergo X-ray-sensitization to populate triplet excitons (singlet oxygen) for cancer therapy when exposed to low-dose X-ray irradiation. By modifying alkoxy side chain substitutions at the 2-position to tune the molecular packing and intermolecular interactions, the fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence of a series of TX derivatives were assessed under X-ray irradiation. The ability of these derivatives to generate singlet oxygen and their potential for treating tumors provide new opportunities for developing organic molecules with simple chemical structures, in which large numbers of triplets can be populated directly under ultralow-dose X-ray irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.020
Heng Liu , Haiying Zhang , Han Lou , Jennifer Wang , Shengxin Hao , Hui Chen , Chen Chen , Lei Wang , Huimin Li , Ziyu Meng , Wenjie Zhao , Tong Zhao , Yuan Lin , Zhimin Du , Xin Liu , Baofeng Yang , Yong Zhang
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased markedly as the world population has aged. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as novel regulators in diverse pathophysiological conditions. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and observed that the lncRNA Zeb1os1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1, opposite strand 1), which is known as ZEB1-AS1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 antisense 1) in humans, was upregulated in the aged mice hearts, senescent cardiomyocytes, and human blood from elderly individuals. The human blood ZEB1-AS1 level was positively relevant to human age but negatively relevant to peak E to peak A (E/A). Silencing Zeb1os1 ameliorated diastolic dysfunction and cardiac senescence in aged mice. On the other hand, Zeb1os1 overexpression triggered cardiac dysfunction resembling that observed in aged mice. Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that Zeb1os1 interacts with the transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) for ubiquitination (UB)-mediated degradation. This process inhibits lysosomal Ca2+ efflux, impairing lysosome function. In addition, the functional domain of Zeb1os1, which contains the key nucleotides responsible for the pro-senescence property of full-length Zeb1os1 in cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that Zeb1os1 is a potential target for ameliorating lysosomal dysfunction and aging-related cardiac impairment.
{"title":"ZEB1-AS1 as a TRPML1 Inhibitor to Cause Lysosome Dysfunction and Cardiac Damage in Aged Mice","authors":"Heng Liu , Haiying Zhang , Han Lou , Jennifer Wang , Shengxin Hao , Hui Chen , Chen Chen , Lei Wang , Huimin Li , Ziyu Meng , Wenjie Zhao , Tong Zhao , Yuan Lin , Zhimin Du , Xin Liu , Baofeng Yang , Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased markedly as the world population has aged. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as novel regulators in diverse pathophysiological conditions. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and observed that the lncRNA Zeb1os1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1, opposite strand 1), which is known as ZEB1-AS1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 antisense 1) in humans, was upregulated in the aged mice hearts, senescent cardiomyocytes, and human blood from elderly individuals. The human blood ZEB1-AS1 level was positively relevant to human age but negatively relevant to peak E to peak A (E/A). Silencing Zeb1os1 ameliorated diastolic dysfunction and cardiac senescence in aged mice. On the other hand, Zeb1os1 overexpression triggered cardiac dysfunction resembling that observed in aged mice. Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that Zeb1os1 interacts with the transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) for ubiquitination (UB)-mediated degradation. This process inhibits lysosomal Ca<sup>2+</sup> efflux, impairing lysosome function. In addition, the functional domain of Zeb1os1, which contains the key nucleotides responsible for the pro-senescence property of full-length Zeb1os1 in cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that Zeb1os1 is a potential target for ameliorating lysosomal dysfunction and aging-related cardiac impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 183-200"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143357556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.014
Ziheng Zhou , Yongjian Zhang , Yilin Zheng , Ke Chen , Yueming Gao , Yuehe Ge , Yue Li , Yijun Feng , Zhizhang (David) Chen
The development of high-performance optically transparent radio frequency (RF) radiators is limited by the intrinsic loss issue of transparent conductive films (TCFs). Instead of pursuing expensive endeavors to improve the TCFs’ electrical properties, this study introduces an innovative approach that leverages leaky-wave mode manipulation to mitigate the TCFs’ attenuating effect and maximize the RF radiation. Our finding reveals that the precise control of the mode confinement on glass-coated TCFs can create a low-attenuation window for leaky-wave propagation, where the total attenuation caused by TCF dissipation and wave leakage is effectively reduced. The observed low-attenuation leaky-wave state on lossy TCFs originates from the delicate balance between wave leakage and TCF dissipation, attained at a particular glass cladding thickness. By leveraging the substantially extended radiation aperture achieved under suppressed wave attenuation, this study develops an optically transparent antenna with an enhanced endfire realized gain exceeding 15 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 66%, which is validated to offer competitive transmission performance for advancing ubiquitous wireless communication and sensing applications.
{"title":"The Low-Attenuation Endfire Leaky-Wave State on an Optically Transparent Lossy Film","authors":"Ziheng Zhou , Yongjian Zhang , Yilin Zheng , Ke Chen , Yueming Gao , Yuehe Ge , Yue Li , Yijun Feng , Zhizhang (David) Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance optically transparent radio frequency (RF) radiators is limited by the intrinsic loss issue of transparent conductive films (TCFs). Instead of pursuing expensive endeavors to improve the TCFs’ electrical properties, this study introduces an innovative approach that leverages leaky-wave mode manipulation to mitigate the TCFs’ attenuating effect and maximize the RF radiation. Our finding reveals that the precise control of the mode confinement on glass-coated TCFs can create a low-attenuation window for leaky-wave propagation, where the total attenuation caused by TCF dissipation and wave leakage is effectively reduced. The observed low-attenuation leaky-wave state on lossy TCFs originates from the delicate balance between wave leakage and TCF dissipation, attained at a particular glass cladding thickness. By leveraging the substantially extended radiation aperture achieved under suppressed wave attenuation, this study develops an optically transparent antenna with an enhanced endfire realized gain exceeding 15 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 66%, which is validated to offer competitive transmission performance for advancing ubiquitous wireless communication and sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143357557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.011
Ang Li , Yifan Wu , Gongyuan Zhang , Chang Wang , Jijun He , Yaqi Shi , Zongyin Yang , Shilong Pan
Computational spectrometers utilizing disordered structures have emerged as promising solutions for meeting the imperative demand for integrated spectrometers, offering high performance and improved resilience to fabrication variations and temperature fluctuations. However, the current computational spectrometers are impractical because they rely on a brute-force random design approach for disordered structures. This leads to an uncontrollable, non-reproducible, and suboptimal spectrometer performance. In this study, we revolutionize the existing paradigm by introducing a novel inverse design approach for computational spectrometers. By harnessing the power of inverse design, which has traditionally been applied to optimize single devices with simple performance, we successfully adapted it to optimize a complex system comprising multiple correlated components with intricate spectral responses. This approach can be applied to a wide range of structures. We validated this by realizing a spectrometer utilizing a new type of disordered structure based on interferometric effects that exhibits negligible loss and high sensitivity. For a given structure, our approach yielded a remarkable 12-times improvement in the spectral resolution and a four-fold reduction in the cross-correlation between the filters. The resulting spectrometer demonstrated reliable and reproducible performance with the precise determination of structural parameters.
{"title":"Innovative Inverse-Design Approach for On-Chip Computational Spectrometers: Enhanced Performance and Reliability","authors":"Ang Li , Yifan Wu , Gongyuan Zhang , Chang Wang , Jijun He , Yaqi Shi , Zongyin Yang , Shilong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational spectrometers utilizing disordered structures have emerged as promising solutions for meeting the imperative demand for integrated spectrometers, offering high performance and improved resilience to fabrication variations and temperature fluctuations. However, the current computational spectrometers are impractical because they rely on a brute-force random design approach for disordered structures. This leads to an uncontrollable, non-reproducible, and suboptimal spectrometer performance. In this study, we revolutionize the existing paradigm by introducing a novel inverse design approach for computational spectrometers. By harnessing the power of inverse design, which has traditionally been applied to optimize single devices with simple performance, we successfully adapted it to optimize a complex system comprising multiple correlated components with intricate spectral responses. This approach can be applied to a wide range of structures. We validated this by realizing a spectrometer utilizing a new type of disordered structure based on interferometric effects that exhibits negligible loss and high sensitivity. For a given structure, our approach yielded a remarkable 12-times improvement in the spectral resolution and a four-fold reduction in the cross-correlation between the filters. The resulting spectrometer demonstrated reliable and reproducible performance with the precise determination of structural parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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