M. Tan, C. Yeoh, P. Teh, N. Rahim, Cheah Chie Song, C. Voon
Abstract This work aimed to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler suspension on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/ZnO and cPLA/ZnO. Fused deposition modelling, one of the additive manufacturing methods, was used to fabricate the PLA specimen. PLA was used as the main material in this project, and the ZnO suspension was added during the printing process. The speed of the dispenser (low speed = 1,000 rpm, medium speed = 1,400 rpm, and high speed = 1,800 rpm) was the parameter that was varied to control the filler content of the composite. All the samples underwent a tensile test to determine the mechanical properties, followed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test to analyse the fracture surface properties of the tensile test. SEM observations showed the PLA samples’ inherent smooth appearance, but the PLA/ZnO composite showed a rougher surface. PLA and cPLA composites showed an enhanced storage modulus but lower loss modulus than the pure samples. Because of the high thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon black and ZnO, cPLA composites had higher electrical and thermal conductivity than PLA composites.
{"title":"Effect of zinc oxide suspension on the overall filler content of the PLA/ZnO composites and cPLA/ZnO composites","authors":"M. Tan, C. Yeoh, P. Teh, N. Rahim, Cheah Chie Song, C. Voon","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2022-8113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-8113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work aimed to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler suspension on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/ZnO and cPLA/ZnO. Fused deposition modelling, one of the additive manufacturing methods, was used to fabricate the PLA specimen. PLA was used as the main material in this project, and the ZnO suspension was added during the printing process. The speed of the dispenser (low speed = 1,000 rpm, medium speed = 1,400 rpm, and high speed = 1,800 rpm) was the parameter that was varied to control the filler content of the composite. All the samples underwent a tensile test to determine the mechanical properties, followed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test to analyse the fracture surface properties of the tensile test. SEM observations showed the PLA samples’ inherent smooth appearance, but the PLA/ZnO composite showed a rougher surface. PLA and cPLA composites showed an enhanced storage modulus but lower loss modulus than the pure samples. Because of the high thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon black and ZnO, cPLA composites had higher electrical and thermal conductivity than PLA composites.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study deals with the preparation and characterization of novel composites accomplished by filling hydroxyethylcellulose with several amounts of bentonite. Molecular modeling enabled understanding the conformational and physicochemical features, which are responsible for the chemical reactivity parameters. Rheological analyses are made to investigate the effect of the polymer loading on the shear flow behavior. The morphology and homogeneity of each system is explored via optical microscopy. The band gap of the samples is slightly reduced by the addition of the bio-filler in the cellulosic medium, as indicated by UV-VIS spectral data. The dielectric response of these materials is extracted from refractometry experiments at several wavelengths. The electric energy density was achieved based on the dielectric properties determined at high and low frequencies. The outcome of this study offers new ways to produce alternative dielectric eco-materials having a good potential of accumulating electrical energy, as demanded for capacitor devices.
{"title":"Bentonite/hydroxyethylcellulose as eco-dielectrics with potential utilization in energy storage","authors":"Andreea Irina Barzic, Iuliana Stoica, Mihai Asandulesa, Raluca Marinica Albu, Bogdan Oprisan","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study deals with the preparation and characterization of novel composites accomplished by filling hydroxyethylcellulose with several amounts of bentonite. Molecular modeling enabled understanding the conformational and physicochemical features, which are responsible for the chemical reactivity parameters. Rheological analyses are made to investigate the effect of the polymer loading on the shear flow behavior. The morphology and homogeneity of each system is explored via optical microscopy. The band gap of the samples is slightly reduced by the addition of the bio-filler in the cellulosic medium, as indicated by UV-VIS spectral data. The dielectric response of these materials is extracted from refractometry experiments at several wavelengths. The electric energy density was achieved based on the dielectric properties determined at high and low frequencies. The outcome of this study offers new ways to produce alternative dielectric eco-materials having a good potential of accumulating electrical energy, as demanded for capacitor devices.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135103403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Gustian, Anastasia Simalango, D. A. Triawan, Agus Martono Hadi Putranto, Asdim
Abstract In this work, proton-conducting membranes have been prepared by entrapping human nail keratin in bacterial cellulose at different mass ratios. Bacterial cellulose was obtained by fermenting coconut water with the Acetobacter xylinum bacterium, and keratin was obtained from human nails. The membrane is produced by the blending and heating process at a temperature of 40°C. FTIR spectroscopy showed the interaction between bacterial cellulose and human nail keratin at a peak area of 3,000–2,000 cm−1. The X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the effect of keratin mass on the diffractogram pattern of the membranes. The maximum proton conductivity has been measured as 4.572 × 10−5 S·cm−1 at 25°C and produces a degree of swelling of 32.50% for a mass ratio of bacterial cellulose/human nail keratin 4:1.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of proton-conducting membranes based on bacterial cellulose and human nail keratin","authors":"I. Gustian, Anastasia Simalango, D. A. Triawan, Agus Martono Hadi Putranto, Asdim","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, proton-conducting membranes have been prepared by entrapping human nail keratin in bacterial cellulose at different mass ratios. Bacterial cellulose was obtained by fermenting coconut water with the Acetobacter xylinum bacterium, and keratin was obtained from human nails. The membrane is produced by the blending and heating process at a temperature of 40°C. FTIR spectroscopy showed the interaction between bacterial cellulose and human nail keratin at a peak area of 3,000–2,000 cm−1. The X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the effect of keratin mass on the diffractogram pattern of the membranes. The maximum proton conductivity has been measured as 4.572 × 10−5 S·cm−1 at 25°C and produces a degree of swelling of 32.50% for a mass ratio of bacterial cellulose/human nail keratin 4:1.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Su, Ruolin Han, Zheng Zhou, Guang-xin Chen, Qifang Li
Abstract Numerous studies have shown that ceramic materials with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses can be obtained using donor–acceptor-doped TiO2. In this study, (La + Nb)-co-doped TiO2 [(La0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1−x O2 x-LNTO] ceramic powders were prepared using the sol–gel method. XRD demonstrates that LNTO is a rutile phase, and the lattice parameters change after doping, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy explains the doping mechanism, with doping of TiO2 producing oxygen vacancies and Ti3+, which form defective dipoles with the dopant ions to increase the dielectric constant of the material. The dielectric properties were investigated by physically co-blending x-LNTO/polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) composites. Compared with the TiO2/PVDF composite, the dielectric properties of the x-LNTO/PVDF composite were more excellent. The dielectric constant of 5-LNTO/PVDF reached 36.96, which was higher than that of the TiO2/PVDF composite (19.49) at a filler addition of 60 wt% and a frequency of 1 kHz.
{"title":"Preparation of (La + Nb)-co-doped TiO2 and its polyvinylidene difluoride composites with high dielectric constants","authors":"K. Su, Ruolin Han, Zheng Zhou, Guang-xin Chen, Qifang Li","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous studies have shown that ceramic materials with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses can be obtained using donor–acceptor-doped TiO2. In this study, (La + Nb)-co-doped TiO2 [(La0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1−x O2 x-LNTO] ceramic powders were prepared using the sol–gel method. XRD demonstrates that LNTO is a rutile phase, and the lattice parameters change after doping, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy explains the doping mechanism, with doping of TiO2 producing oxygen vacancies and Ti3+, which form defective dipoles with the dopant ions to increase the dielectric constant of the material. The dielectric properties were investigated by physically co-blending x-LNTO/polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) composites. Compared with the TiO2/PVDF composite, the dielectric properties of the x-LNTO/PVDF composite were more excellent. The dielectric constant of 5-LNTO/PVDF reached 36.96, which was higher than that of the TiO2/PVDF composite (19.49) at a filler addition of 60 wt% and a frequency of 1 kHz.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuezhun Gu, Hao Jiang, Xiaotong Chen, Yu Li, Guoqing Wang
Abstract A novel and simple way for efficiently preparing stable and non-toxic slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (SLIPS) will expand its anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications in marine environments. Herein, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was covalently grafted on the surface of nano-SiO 2 by a thiol-ene click chemistry reaction. After that, SLIPS was efficiently prepared at room temperature via the spraying method on various substrate surfaces. Surface wettability results showed that a water droplet (10 μL) can slip on the surface with an inclination of 10° and a stained water droplet can slip without stain during the slide process, which proved that SLIPS displayed excellent slippery performance. The existence of molecular-level slippery silicone oil film on the rough surface. Anti-fouling and anti-corrosion tests showed that the prepared SLIPS exhibited stable and excellent anti-fouling and anti-corrosion performance after immersion in Pseudoalteromonas sp. culture solution for 14 days. The SLIPS exhibited a value of more than 98% of bacterial attachment inhibition efficiency and a value of 99.9% of corrosion inhibition efficiency. This facile method provides guidance to fabricate SLIPS for its anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications in marine environments.
{"title":"A novel fabrication method of slippery lubricant-infused porous surface by thiol-ene click chemistry reaction for anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications","authors":"Xuezhun Gu, Hao Jiang, Xiaotong Chen, Yu Li, Guoqing Wang","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel and simple way for efficiently preparing stable and non-toxic slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (SLIPS) will expand its anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications in marine environments. Herein, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was covalently grafted on the surface of nano-SiO 2 by a thiol-ene click chemistry reaction. After that, SLIPS was efficiently prepared at room temperature via the spraying method on various substrate surfaces. Surface wettability results showed that a water droplet (10 μL) can slip on the surface with an inclination of 10° and a stained water droplet can slip without stain during the slide process, which proved that SLIPS displayed excellent slippery performance. The existence of molecular-level slippery silicone oil film on the rough surface. Anti-fouling and anti-corrosion tests showed that the prepared SLIPS exhibited stable and excellent anti-fouling and anti-corrosion performance after immersion in Pseudoalteromonas sp. culture solution for 14 days. The SLIPS exhibited a value of more than 98% of bacterial attachment inhibition efficiency and a value of 99.9% of corrosion inhibition efficiency. This facile method provides guidance to fabricate SLIPS for its anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications in marine environments.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Chen, Lu Zheng, Wenwen Zhou, Min Liu, Yuyu Gao, Jiaqiang Xie
Abstract Herein, the performance of silicone-modified 3D printing photosensitive resin was examined. Bisphenol-A epoxy acrylate (EA) was used as the substrate and isophorone diisocyanate, hydroxy-silicone oil, and hydroxyethyl acrylate were used as the raw materials. A silicone intermediate was synthesized to modify the substrate to prepare the 3D printing photosensitive material. The as-synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The tensile fracture morphology was also analyzed. The effects of the addition of silicone intermediates on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shrinkage of the prepared 3D printing photosensitive resins were investigated. The results showed that an organosilicone group was successfully introduced into the side chain of EA. When the ratio of n (silicone): n (EA) is 0.3:1, the material has a high impact strength of 19.4 kJ·m −2 , which is 32.8% higher than that of the pure resin; in addition, the elongation at break is 8.65% (compared to 6.56% of the pure resin). The maximum thermal weight loss temperature is 430.33°C, which is 6°C higher than that of the pure resin.
{"title":"Preparation and performance of silicone-modified 3D printing photosensitive materials","authors":"Jin Chen, Lu Zheng, Wenwen Zhou, Min Liu, Yuyu Gao, Jiaqiang Xie","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herein, the performance of silicone-modified 3D printing photosensitive resin was examined. Bisphenol-A epoxy acrylate (EA) was used as the substrate and isophorone diisocyanate, hydroxy-silicone oil, and hydroxyethyl acrylate were used as the raw materials. A silicone intermediate was synthesized to modify the substrate to prepare the 3D printing photosensitive material. The as-synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The tensile fracture morphology was also analyzed. The effects of the addition of silicone intermediates on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shrinkage of the prepared 3D printing photosensitive resins were investigated. The results showed that an organosilicone group was successfully introduced into the side chain of EA. When the ratio of n (silicone): n (EA) is 0.3:1, the material has a high impact strength of 19.4 kJ·m −2 , which is 32.8% higher than that of the pure resin; in addition, the elongation at break is 8.65% (compared to 6.56% of the pure resin). The maximum thermal weight loss temperature is 430.33°C, which is 6°C higher than that of the pure resin.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135502097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The foamed polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by injection molding process. Fourier’s law and software were used to calculate and simulate the internal temperature distribution of PP composites, respectively, and the influence of the temperature distribution on the foaming quality of foamed PP composites was further analyzed. The result showed that the calculative and simulated results of temperature distribution in different thermal transfer directions had great reproducibility. In different isothermal planes, the temperature from the nozzle to the dynamic mold gradually decreased. The isothermal plane with a temperature of 370.36 K had a better foaming quality, average diameter of cell and cell density were 28.46 µm and 3.7 × 1010 cells·cm−3, respectively. In different regions of the same isothermal plane, the temperature gradually decreased from the center to the edge. The foaming quality in the region (c) at a temperature of 335.86 K was ideal, and the average diameter of cell and the cell density were 26.5 µm and 2.39 × 1010 cells·cm−3, respectively. This work could provide prediction for improving the foaming quality of foamed polyolefin composites.
{"title":"Influence of temperature distribution on the foaming quality of foamed polypropylene composites","authors":"Xin Yang, Xiangyang Pei, Jia-jie Xu, Zhi-peng Yang, W. Gong, Jinjiang Zhong","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2022-8093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-8093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The foamed polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by injection molding process. Fourier’s law and software were used to calculate and simulate the internal temperature distribution of PP composites, respectively, and the influence of the temperature distribution on the foaming quality of foamed PP composites was further analyzed. The result showed that the calculative and simulated results of temperature distribution in different thermal transfer directions had great reproducibility. In different isothermal planes, the temperature from the nozzle to the dynamic mold gradually decreased. The isothermal plane with a temperature of 370.36 K had a better foaming quality, average diameter of cell and cell density were 28.46 µm and 3.7 × 1010 cells·cm−3, respectively. In different regions of the same isothermal plane, the temperature gradually decreased from the center to the edge. The foaming quality in the region (c) at a temperature of 335.86 K was ideal, and the average diameter of cell and the cell density were 26.5 µm and 2.39 × 1010 cells·cm−3, respectively. This work could provide prediction for improving the foaming quality of foamed polyolefin composites.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41979231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dahir Sagir Idris, A. Roy, Soumya Pandit, Saad Alghamdi, M. Almehmadi, A. Alsaiari, O. Abdulaziz, Abdulaziz Alsharif, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, M. Faruque
Abstract Polymer-based nanocarriers are created from natural or synthetic polymers that are modified to form submicroscopic particles. The polymer matrix can be customized to provide specific properties, such as surface chemistry and flexibility. This allows the particles to be designed and used in different fields. They are promising nanomaterials that are used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and they have potential biomedical and environmental applications. These nanocarriers are polymers that can be engineered with other types of nanomaterials with different sizes, shapes, and compositions. They can deliver drugs or their cargo to a specific site with precisely controlled release. They have many advantages compared to traditional drug delivery carriers, including improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and increased efficacy. In biomedical applications, polymer nanocarriers have been used as drug delivery carriers, cancer therapy, and gene therapy. In environmental applications, polymer nanocarriers are able to remove heavy metals and other contaminants from air and water bodies. In this review, a summary of recent fabrication, design, synthesis, characterisation, and various applications in the biomedical and environmental fields has been provided. The review also highlights the current challenges and prospects of evolving polymer nanocarriers.
{"title":"Polymer-based nanocarriers for biomedical and environmental applications","authors":"Dahir Sagir Idris, A. Roy, Soumya Pandit, Saad Alghamdi, M. Almehmadi, A. Alsaiari, O. Abdulaziz, Abdulaziz Alsharif, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, M. Faruque","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polymer-based nanocarriers are created from natural or synthetic polymers that are modified to form submicroscopic particles. The polymer matrix can be customized to provide specific properties, such as surface chemistry and flexibility. This allows the particles to be designed and used in different fields. They are promising nanomaterials that are used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and they have potential biomedical and environmental applications. These nanocarriers are polymers that can be engineered with other types of nanomaterials with different sizes, shapes, and compositions. They can deliver drugs or their cargo to a specific site with precisely controlled release. They have many advantages compared to traditional drug delivery carriers, including improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and increased efficacy. In biomedical applications, polymer nanocarriers have been used as drug delivery carriers, cancer therapy, and gene therapy. In environmental applications, polymer nanocarriers are able to remove heavy metals and other contaminants from air and water bodies. In this review, a summary of recent fabrication, design, synthesis, characterisation, and various applications in the biomedical and environmental fields has been provided. The review also highlights the current challenges and prospects of evolving polymer nanocarriers.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45585638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Almuqrin, Heba Jamal Alasali, M. I. Sayyed, K. Mahmoud
Abstract The present work aims to fabricate new inexpensive epoxy-based composites with a concentration described by the formula (90 − x)epoxy + 10Sb2O3 + xPbO, where x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The impacts of the substitution of epoxy by PbO on the composite density and radiation shielding properties of the fabricated composites were studied. The density of the fabricated composites varied between 1.30 and 1.49 g·cm−3, enriching the PbO concentration. Utilizing the narrow beam transmission method, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the fabricated composites was measured using the NaI (Tl) detector as well as radioactive sources Am-241 and Cs-137. The LAC increased by 84% and 18% at gamma-ray energy of 0.059 and 0.662 MeV, when the PbO concentration raised between 5 and 20 wt%, respectively. Then the transmission rate and half-value layer of the fabricated composites were reduced by raising the PbO concentration. Therefore, the fabricated composite has good shielding properties in the low gamma-ray energy interval to be suitable for medical applications and low radioactive waste container constructions.
{"title":"Preparation and experimental estimation of radiation shielding properties of novel epoxy reinforced with Sb2O3 and PbO","authors":"A. Almuqrin, Heba Jamal Alasali, M. I. Sayyed, K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present work aims to fabricate new inexpensive epoxy-based composites with a concentration described by the formula (90 − x)epoxy + 10Sb2O3 + xPbO, where x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The impacts of the substitution of epoxy by PbO on the composite density and radiation shielding properties of the fabricated composites were studied. The density of the fabricated composites varied between 1.30 and 1.49 g·cm−3, enriching the PbO concentration. Utilizing the narrow beam transmission method, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the fabricated composites was measured using the NaI (Tl) detector as well as radioactive sources Am-241 and Cs-137. The LAC increased by 84% and 18% at gamma-ray energy of 0.059 and 0.662 MeV, when the PbO concentration raised between 5 and 20 wt%, respectively. Then the transmission rate and half-value layer of the fabricated composites were reduced by raising the PbO concentration. Therefore, the fabricated composite has good shielding properties in the low gamma-ray energy interval to be suitable for medical applications and low radioactive waste container constructions.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46428961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hu Niu, Yan Xing, Shu-sen Chen, Shaohua Jin, Lijie Li
Abstract Four energetic binders, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PNIMMO), poly(bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) (PBAMO), and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were, respectively, mixed with dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), forming TKX-50-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). Interfacial forces (binding energies) under different temperatures, mechanical properties (tensile modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio), and moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs were investigated by employing molecular dynamics simulation, the energy characteristics of TKX-50-based PBXs were calculated by Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonated theory. Results show that temperature has little effect on the binding energies, but the binding energies between every energetic binder and each surface of TKX-50 are different and the order of combined ability between four energetic binders and TKX-50 decrease as follows: PNIMMO > PBAMO > PGN > GAP. Compared with TKX-50, the addition of four energetic binders makes the rigidity of TKX-50-based PBXs decrease and the plasticity improve, the plastic ability rank is in the order of PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. In addition, the moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs is obviously improved, the increasing order is PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. Finally, the detonation performances indicate that compared with common binder, the addition of the energetic binder makes TKX-50-based PBXs have higher energy under the same condition.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and TKX-50-based PBXs with four energetic binders","authors":"Hu Niu, Yan Xing, Shu-sen Chen, Shaohua Jin, Lijie Li","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Four energetic binders, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PNIMMO), poly(bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) (PBAMO), and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were, respectively, mixed with dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), forming TKX-50-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). Interfacial forces (binding energies) under different temperatures, mechanical properties (tensile modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio), and moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs were investigated by employing molecular dynamics simulation, the energy characteristics of TKX-50-based PBXs were calculated by Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonated theory. Results show that temperature has little effect on the binding energies, but the binding energies between every energetic binder and each surface of TKX-50 are different and the order of combined ability between four energetic binders and TKX-50 decrease as follows: PNIMMO > PBAMO > PGN > GAP. Compared with TKX-50, the addition of four energetic binders makes the rigidity of TKX-50-based PBXs decrease and the plasticity improve, the plastic ability rank is in the order of PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. In addition, the moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs is obviously improved, the increasing order is PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. Finally, the detonation performances indicate that compared with common binder, the addition of the energetic binder makes TKX-50-based PBXs have higher energy under the same condition.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46464455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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