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Da'wah Strategy for Position Matters of Sabah State Islamic Religion (JHEAINS) Part of Tuaran towards Muallaf Group 沙巴州伊斯兰教(JHEAINS)对穆阿拉夫集团的立场问题达瓦战略
Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.26225
Nurshaiera Binti Jusup
Strategy is a business or process in various ways that are carried out to achieve a pre-planned goal. At the same time, da'wah is all activities and activities inviting people to change from a situation that contains non-Islamic values to Islamic values. The Sabah State Islamic Affairs Department, is an agency for the State Government Office whose role is to monitor and carry out da'wah activities in the land of Sabah. This research aimed to discover the da'wah strategy carried out by the Department of Islamic Religion of the State of Sabah, the Tuaran Section, towards converts through the da'wah methods and approaches displayed by the da'i from this agency. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. Because the main objective of the research is to describe and explain the da'wah strategy used by the Department of Islamic Affairs in the State of Sabah, the Tuaran Section, against true converts, this research was conducted by taking the following steps: determining the research location, research method, determining the type and source of data, data collection techniques, and finally analyzing the data. The study results showed that the da'wah activities of the Department of Islamic Affairs of the State of Sabah (JHEAINS) in the Tuaran section had not provided optimal da'wah efforts. This is due to insensitivity in management and control on the part of the da'i, as well as a lack of appreciation for the vision and mission of JHEAINS in every individual engaged in carrying out da'wah efforts against converts. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the da'wah strategy of the Department of Islamic Affairs of the State of Sabah (JHEAINS) in the Tuaran section has not been able to attract many people who have not accepted Islam to Islam. Therefore, JHEAINS must further improve its strategy and reactivate the implementation of its methods and approaches in determining the faith of converts.
战略是一项业务或过程,以各种方式执行,以实现预先计划的目标。同时,“达瓦”是所有邀请人们从包含非伊斯兰价值观的情况转变为伊斯兰价值观的活动和活动。沙巴州伊斯兰事务部是州政府办公室的一个机构,其作用是监测和在沙巴州开展达瓦活动。本研究旨在发现沙巴州伊斯兰教教局图阿兰处通过该机构的达瓦人所展示的达瓦方法和途径对皈依者实施的达瓦战略。本研究采用的方法是描述性方法。由于本研究的主要目的是描述和解释沙巴州伊斯兰事务部(Tuaran Section)对真正皈依者使用的da'wah策略,因此本研究通过以下步骤进行:确定研究地点,研究方法,确定数据类型和来源,数据收集技术,最后分析数据。研究结果表明,沙巴州伊斯兰事务部(JHEAINS)在图阿兰地区的da'wah活动没有提供最佳的da'wah努力。这是由于da'i在管理和控制方面的不敏感,以及在每个从事针对皈依者的da'wah努力的个人中缺乏对JHEAINS的愿景和使命的欣赏。根据这些调查结果,可以得出结论,沙巴州伊斯兰事务部(JHEAINS)在图阿兰地区的达瓦战略未能吸引许多未接受伊斯兰教的人加入伊斯兰教。因此,耆那教必须进一步改进其战略,并重新开始执行其确定皈依者信仰的方法和途径。
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引用次数: 0
Moderate Da'wah and National Resilience: A Case Study at MUI Kab. Bandung 适度达华与国家韧性:以梅甲为例。万隆
Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.25944
Dindin Solahudin
This study tries to offer constructive preaching to build national resilience by highlighting Islamic moderation (wasaṭiyyatul Islam) through a series of moderate preaching. The method used in this paper is a literature review. Wasaṭiyyatul Islām is an authentic character of Islamic law which reflects i'tidāl (perpendicularity) and istiqāmah (consistency) on aṣ-ṣirāth al-mustaqīm (straight path). Islam is moderate in character as long as it is understood in the corridor of truth. Islam, with its wasaṭiyyah character, should also be preached reasonably. Muqābalah moderation is not radicalism but extremity. Radical da'wah is not a problem as long as istiqāmah is in the corridor of moderation. Preaching radically moderate Islam is certainly not justified. Extreme da'wah undermines Islamic moderation and contradicts Islamic law itself. Islamic moderation necessitates its adherents to practice Islamic law reasonably. Moderate da'wah socializes Islam to be practised by its followers reasonably. Religious moderation is an essential social capital for national resilience
本研究试图通过一系列温和的宣讲,通过强调伊斯兰中庸(wasaṭiyyatul Islam)来提供建设性的宣讲,以建立国家的韧性。本文采用的方法是文献综述法。Wasaṭiyyatul Islām是伊斯兰教法的真实特征,它反映了'tidāl(垂直)和istiqāmah(一致性)在ahar -ṣirāth al- mustaq m(直线)上。只要在真理的走廊里理解伊斯兰教,它的性质就是温和的。伊斯兰教以其wasaṭiyyah的特性,也应该被合理地宣讲。Muqābalah温和不是激进,而是极端。只要istiqāmah在温和的走廊上,激进的da'wah就不是问题。宣扬极端温和的伊斯兰教当然是不合理的。极端的“达瓦”破坏了伊斯兰教的温和,并与伊斯兰教法本身相矛盾。伊斯兰温和主义要求其信徒合理地实践伊斯兰法律。温和的达瓦将伊斯兰教社会化,使其追随者合理地实践伊斯兰教。宗教节制是国家恢复力必不可少的社会资本
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引用次数: 0
The Islamic Call: Al-Farabi's Philosophical Perspectives on Navigating the Dilemma of Modernity in Establishing an Ideal State 伊斯兰的呼唤:法拉比在建立理想国家中驾驭现代性困境的哲学视角
Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.26150
Masmuni Mahatma
This study aims to explore and analyze the concepts proposed by Al-Farabi regarding the ideal state or the virtuous city in order to enrich our understanding of how Islamic states can address the challenges of modernity and democracy while maintaining a balanced approach to core Islamic values. The research adopts a literature review methodology, collecting and analyzing various primary and secondary sources related to Al-Farabi’s political thought on the concept of the ideal state. Al-Farabi;s ideas about the ideal state or virtuous city provide crucial principles for constructing a state that prioritizes the happiness of its society. In the modern context, Al-Farabi’s thoughts can serve as inspiration and guidance for societies in developing inclusive, just, and sustainable political systems. The holistic concept of political wisdom reminds us of the significance of integrating moral, spiritual, and rational values in the decision-making process. By considering these aspects, a state can create conditions that support the happiness and perfection of individuals.
本研究旨在探讨和分析法拉比提出的关于理想国家或美德城市的概念,以丰富我们对伊斯兰国家如何应对现代性和民主挑战的理解,同时保持对伊斯兰核心价值观的平衡。本研究采用文献回顾法,收集和分析了与法拉比理想国家概念政治思想有关的各种一手和第二手资料。法拉比关于理想国家或贤德城市的思想为构建一个以社会幸福为优先的国家提供了至关重要的原则。在现代背景下,法拉比的思想可以为社会发展包容、公正和可持续的政治制度提供启发和指导。政治智慧的整体概念提醒我们在决策过程中整合道德、精神和理性价值的重要性。通过考虑这些方面,一个国家可以创造支持个人幸福和完美的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Da'wah Efforts Against Social Deviance: The Impact of Religious Intensity on the Detachment of the Punk Community 达瓦对社会越轨的努力:宗教强度对朋克群体脱离的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.25808
A. Rahman, H. Herman
The purpose of this study is to determine the level of religious intensity of punk groups in West Java and their attachment and how the influence of punk religious intensity on the decline in their group attachment. This research uses a correlational approach that aims to detect the extent to which variations in a factor are related to variations in one or more other factors. After data processing, the results showed that 13% of punk children have a high intensity of religiosity, 43% are moderate and 44% are low. Regarding the level of attachment to the punk community, the results showed that 35% were categorized as high, 49% were moderate, and 16% were low. This means that 65% of punk children experience attachment to their community. This study shows that there is a strong correlation between religious intensity and disengagement in the punk community with a correlation coefficient of 0.745. This strong correlation implies a corrective effect of religion on the level of social deviance. This research also shows that the most effective da'wah to overcome social deviation is with the targhîb approach in the form of amar ma'ruf which is persuasive compared to the tarhîb approach in the form of nahyi munkar which tends to be repressive.
本研究的目的是确定西爪哇朋克群体的宗教强度及其依恋水平,以及朋克宗教强度对其群体依恋下降的影响。这项研究使用了一种相关方法,旨在检测一个因素的变化与一个或多个其他因素的变化相关的程度。经过数据处理,结果显示,13%的朋克儿童宗教信仰强度高,43%的朋克儿童宗教信仰强度中等,44%的朋克儿童宗教信仰强度低。关于对朋克社区的依恋程度,结果显示35%的人被归类为高,49%的人被归类为中等,16%的人被归类为低。这意味着65%的朋克儿童对他们的社区有依恋。本研究发现,朋克群体的宗教强度与脱离存在较强的相关,相关系数为0.745。这种强烈的相关性暗示了宗教对社会越轨水平的纠正作用。本研究还表明,克服社会偏差最有效的da'wah是具有说服力的amar ma'ruf形式的targhb方法,而倾向于压抑的nahyi munkar形式的targhb方法。
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引用次数: 0
Interpersonal Communication of Da’i in Raising the Religious Awareness of Children in Conflict with the Law (ABH) 达意人际传播在提高违法儿童宗教意识中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.25857
Yopi Kusmiati, Novia Hasan Pratiwi
Currently there are many children who have to deal with the law, caused by cases of fights, robberies, murders. To deal with children who are affected by this case, a rehabilitation center is needed as a place for protection and education for children. Center for Social Rehabilitation of Children Requiring Special Protection “Handayani Jakarta” is a rehabilitation center that provides religious guidance as a method of rehabilitation for children involved in criminal cases. Religious Supervisors, in this case called da'i have an important role to choose the right communication in increasing children's religious awareness so they don't repeat their actions. This study aims to determine the interpersonal communication of preachers at BRSAMPK Handayani Jakarta and the interpersonal communication of preachers in increasing the religious awareness of children in conflict with the law. The theory used in this study is the theory of competence communication, while the method used is a qualitative method with a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques through direct observations, interviews, and document studies. The results of the study show that preachers in building interpersonal communication are by understanding children's character, fostering children's trust, providing guidance with a sense of humor, using language that is easy to understand and applying a firm attitude in guidance. In increasing ABH's religious awareness, the way of interpersonal communication used by da'i is to provide motivation, communicate persuasively, and conduct question and answer dialogue.
目前,有许多孩子因为打架、抢劫、谋杀等案件而不得不与法律打交道。为了处理受此事件影响的儿童,需要一个康复中心作为儿童保护和教育的场所。需要特别保护的儿童社会康复中心" Handayani Jakarta "是一个康复中心,为涉及刑事案件的儿童提供宗教指导,作为一种康复方法。宗教监督员,在这种情况下被称为“达伊”,在选择正确的交流方式以提高儿童的宗教意识方面发挥着重要作用,这样他们就不会重复他们的行为。本研究旨在确定雅加达BRSAMPK Handayani传教士的人际沟通,以及传教士的人际沟通在提高违法儿童的宗教意识方面的作用。本研究使用的理论是能力交际理论,使用的方法是建构主义范式的定性方法。通过直接观察、访谈和文献研究收集数据的技术。研究结果表明,传教士在人际交往的构建中,主要通过了解儿童的性格、培养儿童的信任、以幽默的方式进行引导、使用易于理解的语言和采取坚定的态度进行引导。在提高ABH的宗教意识方面,大i使用的人际交往方式是提供动机、有说服力的沟通、进行问答对话。
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引用次数: 0
Da'wah Strategy of West Java Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) with Health Message Content in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic 面向新冠肺炎大流行的西爪哇教士会“达瓦”战略与健康信息内容
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.21474
B. S. Ma'arif, A. A. Siddiq
This research aims to discuss the da'wah strategy of the Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) of West Java in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. A lot of information about health is received by the congregation; some are true and some are not. Unfortunately, many residents and congregations are influenced by things that are not true, making them reluctant to be vaccinated. This research method is qualitative with in-depth interview techniques. This study concludes that the PWNU (Nahdlatul Ulama Regional Boards) da'wah strategy begins with the organization's view of COVID-19 which gave birth to NU's da'wah policy and its da'wah strategy. COVID-19 is a test that needs to be addressed and overcome properly. NU policy leads to actions to overcome the pandemic, which are synergized with the government and society by utilizing organizational resources to foster jam'iyyah and congregational health. Da'wah is carried out by conveying religious messages combined with spiritual and mental health information to achieve physical health, accompanied by worship and good endeavor. In addition, reading the Qur'an can also bring happiness that affects physical endurance and health. Communication media are used to deliver da’wah messages from West Java NU, namely through mass media and social media, in which social media is more intensely used for da'wah than mass media. The implication of this research is that da'wah by Islamic organizations can still be carried out during a pandemic by using communication media, both social and mass media.  
本研究旨在探讨西爪哇伊斯兰教组织伊斯兰教士联合会(NU)在应对新冠肺炎疫情中的“达瓦”战略。很多关于健康的信息被会众接收;有些是真的,有些不是。不幸的是,许多居民和会众受到不真实的事情的影响,使他们不愿接种疫苗。本研究采用深度访谈的定性方法。本研究的结论是,教士联合会地区委员会的达瓦战略始于该组织对COVID-19的看法,从而产生了教士联合会的达瓦政策和达瓦战略。COVID-19是一场需要妥善应对和克服的考验。NU的政策促使采取行动克服这一流行病,这些行动与政府和社会协同作用,利用组织资源促进jam' iyah和会众健康。“达瓦”是通过传递宗教信息,结合精神和心理健康信息,实现身体健康,伴随着崇拜和善良的努力。此外,阅读《古兰经》还能带来影响身体耐力和健康的快乐。西爪哇大学利用传播媒介传递打哇信息,即通过大众媒体和社交媒体,其中社交媒体对打哇的使用比大众媒体更强烈。这项研究的含义是,伊斯兰组织在大流行病期间仍然可以利用传播媒体,包括社会媒体和大众媒体,进行“达瓦”活动。
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引用次数: 0
Ideological Construction of the Mass Media: Study of Religious Moderation News in the National Online News Media and its Relation to Moderate Da’wah 大众传媒的思想建设:全国网络新闻媒体的宗教中庸新闻及其与中庸大华的关系研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.18109
S. Sunaryanto, Sofyan Rizal
This study analyzes the ideological construction of the mass media in reporting on religious moderation and its relation to moderate da’wah on Kompas.com and Mediaindonesia.com. This research is a type of qualitative research. News as a unit of analysis was selected by purposive sampling each of 3 (news) for each media. Problems are analyzed with Robert M. Entman's framing analysis which is part of the analysis of mass media texts. This research concludes that Kompas and Media Indonesia construct ideology in religious moderation news which is associated with issues of intolerance and radicalism. These two national media construct news on religious moderation using a moderate national ideology. Concerning moderate da’wah, these two national media do not directly write news with moderate da’wah messages. These two national media construct support for moderate da’wah narratives by constructing religious moderation news. Ideologically, these two national online news media construct news by supporting the practice of religious moderation and the practice of moderate da’wah. The implication is that these two national online mass media need to continue to produce news campaigning for religious moderation and moderate da’wah. News construction related to religious moderation and moderate da’wah needs to be done to help prevent the emergence of radical, extremist, and liberal views.
本文分析了大众传媒在宗教中庸报道中的意识形态建构及其与康帕网和印尼媒体网的中庸大华的关系。本研究属于定性研究。新闻作为分析单元,通过对每个媒体的3个(新闻)进行有目的的抽样选择。问题是用罗伯特·m·恩特曼的框架分析来分析的,这是大众传媒文本分析的一部分。本研究的结论是,Kompas和Media Indonesia在宗教温和新闻中建构意识形态,这与不容忍和激进主义问题有关。这两家全国性媒体以一种温和的民族意识形态来建构宗教中庸新闻。关于中庸大华,这两家国家媒体并不直接写中庸大华信息的新闻。这两家全国性媒体通过建构宗教中庸新闻来构建对中庸大华叙事的支持。在意识形态上,这两家全国性网络新闻媒体通过支持宗教中庸实践和中庸大华实践来构建新闻。言下之意是,这两家全国性的网络大众媒体需要继续为宗教中庸和宗教中庸制作新闻宣传活动。为了防止激进、极端、自由主义思想的出现,需要做好与宗教中庸、适度大华相关的新闻建设。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Prohibition Da'wah of Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia and Islamic Defenders Front 禁止令后的印尼伊斯兰解放党和伊斯兰捍卫者阵线
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.24201
M. T. Rahman
In 2017 the Indonesian government has officially banned two Islamic da'wah movements, HTI (Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia) and FPI (Islamic Defenders Front). These two da'wah movements are considered to be contrary to Pancasila ideology because they want to establish an Islamic state (Khilafah) in Indonesia. The focus of this research was carried out in the branch areas of HTI and FPI, namely in West Java and Banten. The data in this paper come from direct observation, in-depth interviews and documentation review. This paper finds differences in the pattern of the dakwah movements of HTI and FPI after they were disbanded, both in the dissemination of ideas and in the pattern of recruitment. HTI implemented a massive migration in preaching the idea of a khilafah from direct (offline) efforts to indirect (online) efforts. In its recruitment, HTI continues to maintain its conventional efforts through face-to-face preaching (Daurah), with the addition of using wing organizations as its spearhead. Meanwhile, the decline in the da'wah movement occurred in FPI, mainly due to the absence of the Grand Imam Rizieq Shihab and the loss of elite support for them. Even so, FPI continues to maintain its da'wah activities by disseminating its ideas through recitations at its activist headquarters, mosques and Islamic boarding schools. This research can contribute to the enrichment of the analysis of the hidden da'wah movement that occurs in the field, especially with the front stage and back stage approaches of Erving Goffman.
2017年,印度尼西亚政府正式禁止了两个伊斯兰达瓦运动,HTI(印度尼西亚解放党)和FPI(伊斯兰捍卫者阵线)。这两个达瓦运动被认为是与潘卡西拉思想相悖的,因为他们想在印度尼西亚建立一个伊斯兰国家(希拉法)。这项研究的重点是在HTI和FPI的分支地区,即西爪哇和万丹进行的。本文的数据来源于直接观察、深度访谈和文献综述。本研究发现HTI和FPI在解散后的dakwah运动模式,无论是在思想的传播上,还是在招募模式上,都存在差异。HTI实施了大规模的迁移,从直接(离线)的努力到间接(在线)的努力来宣传希拉法的想法。在其招募中,HTI继续通过面对面的宣讲(Daurah)保持其传统的努力,并增加了使用翼组织作为其先锋。与此同时,达瓦运动的衰落发生在FPI,主要是由于大伊玛目Rizieq Shihab的缺席以及他们失去了精英的支持。即便如此,FPI仍继续在其活动总部、清真寺和伊斯兰寄宿学校通过背诵来传播其思想,从而维持其da'wah活动。本研究有助于丰富对该领域发生的隐性达瓦运动的分析,特别是对欧文·戈夫曼的前台和后台方法的分析。
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引用次数: 1
When Quranic Learning Goes Online: The Phenomenon of Yusuf Mansur in Da'wah Marketing Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic 当《古兰经》学习上线:面对新冠疫情,优素福·曼苏尔在达华营销中的现象
Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.23272
Acep Aripudin
The Covid-19 (Corona viruses) pandemic has forced the system for spreading and understanding the Qur'an to be carried out online. Online media, such as e-learning, was known before the corona viruses season. One of the institutions implementing e-learning is the Darul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School, led by Yusuf Mansur. The famous preacher with the "alms flag as the gateway to riches" is phenomenal in Indonesia. This study uses the phenomenological method and the AIC (attract inform community) model, combining techniques based on social research and Information Technology (IT). This article proves that Mansur was able to build a system for disseminating the Qur’an (online and offline/face to face) combined with a business concept with floating funds and cooperatives and a tower with 285 rooms. Based on the AIC model, it can be stated that Mansur's PPPA web (Qur’an memorizing nursery program) was effective in supporting e-learning and socializing the Qur’an during the Covid-19 period. The Qur'anic e-learning approach has implications for Islamic institutions as capital for brand marketing of da'wah institutions and their development. This strategy is a solution to spreading the Qur'an in abnormal situations and experiences in the future.
新冠肺炎疫情迫使传播和理解《古兰经》的系统在网上进行。在线媒体,如电子学习,在冠状病毒季节之前就已经为人所知。实施电子学习的机构之一是由优素福·曼苏尔领导的达鲁尔·古兰经伊斯兰寄宿学校。这位以“布施旗为致富之门”的著名传教士在印度尼西亚是非常有名的。本研究采用现象学方法和AIC模型,结合基于社会研究和信息技术(IT)的技术。这篇文章证明Mansur能够建立一个古兰经传播系统(线上和线下/面对面),结合流动资金和合作社的商业理念,以及285个房间的塔楼。基于AIC模型,曼苏尔的PPPA网络(古兰经记忆幼儿园项目)在新冠疫情期间有效地支持了古兰经的电子学习和社交。《古兰经》电子学习方法对伊斯兰教机构具有启示意义,可作为伊斯兰教机构品牌营销及其发展的资本。这一策略是未来在异常情况和经验下传播《古兰经》的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship of Islamic Values and Sundaneseness in Sundanese Proverbs as Da'wah Messages 伊斯兰价值观与巽他语箴言中日珥性的关系
Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.15575/idajhs.v17i1.25877
Tata Sukayat
The values of da'wah messages contain the essence of Islamic teachings that must be conveyed to the object of da'wah. In the da'wah process, a preacher must understand the condition and culture of the thing of his da'wah. Culture has a close relationship with Islam. One form of culture developed in Sundanese society is proverb, which can be used as moral messages in da’wah. Because Sundanese proverb are full of noble values of the nation, which are relevant to Islamic values, this study aims to analyze da'wah messages in Sundanese proverbs and describe the relationship between Islamic and Sundanese values as da'wah messages. The research method used is descriptive analysis. The data were obtained using library research techniques through several stages: heuristics, interpretation criticism, and historiography. The results of this study indicate: First, the values of da'wah messages are found in almost all Sundanese proverbs, both in aspects of humans as individual beings and humans as social beings, as well as proverb about human spirituality. Second, the relationship between Islam and Sundanese in the context of Sundanese proverbs containing Islamic values is included in the symbiotic paradigm category, like sugar and sweetness. This research implies that the noble values in Sundanese proverbs can be practised in everyday life and used to complement da'wah material suitable for the da'i to convey according to the context.
达瓦信息的价值包含了伊斯兰教义的本质,必须传达给达瓦的对象。在达瓦过程中,传道人必须了解他的达瓦所处事物的条件和文化。文化与伊斯兰教有着密切的关系。巽他语社会发展的一种文化形式是谚语,它可以作为达瓦语的道德信息。由于巽他语谚语中充满了与伊斯兰价值观相关的民族崇高价值观,本研究旨在分析巽他语谚语中的达瓦信息,并将伊斯兰价值观与巽他语价值观之间的关系描述为达瓦信息。使用的研究方法是描述性分析。这些数据是通过几个阶段使用图书馆研究技术获得的:启发式,解释批评和历史编纂。研究结果表明:第一,在几乎所有的巽他语谚语中都能找到“达瓦”信息的价值,无论是在人作为个体的方面,还是在人作为社会的方面,以及关于人的灵性的谚语中。其次,在包含伊斯兰价值观的巽他语谚语的语境下,伊斯兰教与巽他语的关系被纳入共生范式范畴,就像糖与甜味一样。这一研究表明,巽他语谚语中的崇高价值观可以在日常生活中实践,并根据上下文补充适合于达瓦人传达的材料。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies
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