Transmission lines refer to a variety of electrical structures that transfer information or energy typically in the form of carrying electromagnetic waves. Examples of transmission lines include coaxial cables, telephone wires, microstrips, and optical fibers. Understanding the transmission and distribution of the electromagnetic waves across the line is critical for matching the load with the generator to deliver the energy or information with minimum losses. The flow of electromagnetic waves across the line is described based on the voltage and current using Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). In this paper we apply the Central Space Central Time (CSCT) finite difference numerical method to solve the transmission line PDEs. We present the numerical solution of the waveforms and compare it with the analytical solution to evaluate the accuracy of this numerical method in solving the transmission line problem. It is found that the numerical solution of the voltage waveform is very near the analytical result with small error margin. However, while the numerical solution of the current shows the same waveform as the analytical one, there is some quite significant error in the magnitude. The error is found to result from the fact that the waveform of the numerical solution has some phase shift from that of the analytical solution. Adjusting the phase shift of the current waveform results in having good agreement between numerical and analytical results.
{"title":"Numerical Solution of Transmission Line PDEs Using Finite Difference","authors":"Amr Zeedan, A. Ayari","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1261908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1261908","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission lines refer to a variety of electrical structures that transfer information or energy typically in the form of carrying electromagnetic waves. Examples of transmission lines include coaxial cables, telephone wires, microstrips, and optical fibers. Understanding the transmission and distribution of the electromagnetic waves across the line is critical for matching the load with the generator to deliver the energy or information with minimum losses. The flow of electromagnetic waves across the line is described based on the voltage and current using Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). In this paper we apply the Central Space Central Time (CSCT) finite difference numerical method to solve the transmission line PDEs. We present the numerical solution of the waveforms and compare it with the analytical solution to evaluate the accuracy of this numerical method in solving the transmission line problem. It is found that the numerical solution of the voltage waveform is very near the analytical result with small error margin. However, while the numerical solution of the current shows the same waveform as the analytical one, there is some quite significant error in the magnitude. The error is found to result from the fact that the waveform of the numerical solution has some phase shift from that of the analytical solution. Adjusting the phase shift of the current waveform results in having good agreement between numerical and analytical results.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83899936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, pectin powder is mixed homogeneously in unsaturated polyester (UP). For the production of polyester composite, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) are added to the mixture. The obtained composite is poured into standard molds as a gel and allowed to cure for 24 hours. Some physical and chemical properties of the composite are determined and characterization processes are carried out. Density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and thermal stability of polyester composite are examined. According to the results obtained, pectin is used as a filler in the polyester composite. There is no change in the chemical structure of the polyester polymer with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The density of polyester composites decreases as the reinforcement of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% pectin powder increases. Besides, the reinforcement of pectin powder as filler reduces Shore D hardness of the polyester composite. However, it has been observed that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyester composite increases as the filler ratio rises. In thermal decomposition experiments of the composite, the activation energy decreases slightly as the filler ratio increases. According to the optimization results, 3 wt.% pectin powder supplementation does not adversely affect both the surface morphology and thermophysical properties of the polyester composite.
{"title":"Obtaining Pectin Reinforced Polyester Composite and Investigation of Thermophysical Properties","authors":"M. Karataş, E. Aydoğmuş","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1254020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1254020","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, pectin powder is mixed homogeneously in unsaturated polyester (UP). For the production of polyester composite, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) are added to the mixture. The obtained composite is poured into standard molds as a gel and allowed to cure for 24 hours. Some physical and chemical properties of the composite are determined and characterization processes are carried out. Density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and thermal stability of polyester composite are examined. According to the results obtained, pectin is used as a filler in the polyester composite. There is no change in the chemical structure of the polyester polymer with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The density of polyester composites decreases as the reinforcement of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% pectin powder increases. Besides, the reinforcement of pectin powder as filler reduces Shore D hardness of the polyester composite. However, it has been observed that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyester composite increases as the filler ratio rises. In thermal decomposition experiments of the composite, the activation energy decreases slightly as the filler ratio increases. According to the optimization results, 3 wt.% pectin powder supplementation does not adversely affect both the surface morphology and thermophysical properties of the polyester composite.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88398657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) has become the concern of many enterprise networks. APT can remain unde- tected for a long time span and lead to undesirable consequences such as stealing of sensitive data, broken workflow, and so on. APTs often use evasion techniques to avoid being detected by security systems like Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Security Event Information Management (SIEMs) or firewalls. Also, it makes it difficult to detect the root cause with forensic analysis. Therefore, companies try to identify APTs by defining rules on their IDS. However, besides the time and effort needed to iteratively refine those rules, new attacks cannot be detected. In this paper, we propose a framework to detect and conduct forensic analysis for APTs in HTTP and SMTP traffic. At the heart of the proposed framework is the detection algorithm that is driven by unsupervised machine learning. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with more than 80% detection rate and with less than 5% false-positive rate.
{"title":"Forensic Analysis of APT Attacks based on Unsupervised Machine Learning","authors":"Mohammed ADNAN, Dima Bshara, Ahmed Awad","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1265586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1265586","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) has become the concern of many enterprise networks. APT can remain unde- tected for a long time span and lead to undesirable consequences such as stealing of sensitive data, broken workflow, and so on. APTs often use evasion techniques to avoid being detected by security systems like Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Security Event Information Management (SIEMs) or firewalls. Also, it makes it difficult to detect the root cause with forensic analysis. Therefore, companies try to identify APTs by defining rules on their IDS. However, besides the time and effort needed to iteratively refine those rules, new attacks cannot be detected. In this paper, we propose a framework to detect and conduct forensic analysis for APTs in HTTP and SMTP traffic. At the heart of the proposed framework is the detection algorithm that is driven by unsupervised machine learning. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with more than 80% detection rate and with less than 5% false-positive rate.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73906990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the key challenges facing education management and to offer insights into best practices for addressing these challenges. The research investigates the shifting educational landscape and the increasing demand for effective and efficient management of resources, the role of technology in education management, and the importance of leadership in education management. The study was conducted using a comprehensive literature review and analysis of current practices in education management. The findings highlight the need for ongoing professional development, the development of strong partnerships and collaborations, and the implementation of effective data-driven decision-making processes. The results indicate that effective education management requires a deep understanding of the complexities of educational systems and the ability to collaborate effectively with stakeholders. Technology plays a crucial role in improving decision making and supporting resource allocation, while strong leadership skills, a culture of innovation, and a supportive and inclusive work environment are critical to success. In conclusion, this study offers practical strategies for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of educational systems. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the challenges facing education management in order to ensure that students receive the best possible education and that resources are used efficiently and effectively.
{"title":"Navigating the Challenges of Education Management Best Practices for Improving Student Outcomes","authors":"İbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Murat Kuvvetli","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1259005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1259005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the key challenges facing education management and to offer insights into best practices for addressing these challenges. The research investigates the shifting educational landscape and the increasing demand for effective and efficient management of resources, the role of technology in education management, and the importance of leadership in education management. The study was conducted using a comprehensive literature review and analysis of current practices in education management. The findings highlight the need for ongoing professional development, the development of strong partnerships and collaborations, and the implementation of effective data-driven decision-making processes. The results indicate that effective education management requires a deep understanding of the complexities of educational systems and the ability to collaborate effectively with stakeholders. Technology plays a crucial role in improving decision making and supporting resource allocation, while strong leadership skills, a culture of innovation, and a supportive and inclusive work environment are critical to success. In conclusion, this study offers practical strategies for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of educational systems. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the challenges facing education management in order to ensure that students receive the best possible education and that resources are used efficiently and effectively.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afetler geniş kapsamlı sosyal, fiziksel ve ekonomik zararlara neden olan insan veya doğa kaynaklı olaylardır. Deprem büyük yıkımlara neden olan maddi ve manevi ciddi zararlar veren en önemli afetlerden biridir. Depremin neden olacağı hasarların belirlenmesi ve hasarları engellemeye yönelik gerekli önlemlerin alınması zarar boyutunun azaltılmasında önemli bir adımdır. Bu çalışmada depremden zarar görebilirliğe etki eden faktörler literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri ile belirlenir. Ana ve alt başlıklarda belirlenen zarar görebilirliğe etki eden faktörler etki boyut ve ilişkilerine göre açıklanır. Deprem risk planlamasının yapılması ve önlemlerin alınması için faktörlerin öncelik sıralaması yapılır. Öncelik sıralaması depremden önce, deprem sırasında ve depremden sonra olası maddi ve manevi zarar boyutunu en aza indirmede yardımcı olur. Çok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak tanımlanan problemde depremden zarar görebilirliği etki eden faktörler analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) ile yapılandırılır ve ikili karşılaştırma matrisleri (İKM) ile değerlendirilir. Ana ve alt faktörler ikili karşılaştırılarak faktörlerin öncelik değerleri elde edilir. Yapısal, çevresel ve sosyal ana faktörlerden yapısal faktörlerin önemi ön plana çıkarken sosyal faktörlerden nüfus yoğunluğu dışındaki faktörler sıralamada son sıralarda yer alır. Çevresel faktörlerden faylara uzaklık ve jeolojik yapının önemi vurgulanır. Yapısal faktörler ile çevresel faktörlerin beraber dikkate alınması depremden zarar görme ölçüsünü önemli ölçüde azaltacağı görülür. Depremden zarar görebilirliği azalmak için tüm faktörlerin bütünsel olarak ele alınması gerekliliği dikkat çeker.
{"title":"Depremden Zarar Görebilirlik Boyutunu Etkileyen Faktörlerin Derecelendirilmesi","authors":"Veysel Çoban, Suheyla YEREL KANDEMİR","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1259757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1259757","url":null,"abstract":"Afetler geniş kapsamlı sosyal, fiziksel ve ekonomik zararlara neden olan insan veya doğa kaynaklı olaylardır. Deprem büyük yıkımlara neden olan maddi ve manevi ciddi zararlar veren en önemli afetlerden biridir. Depremin neden olacağı hasarların belirlenmesi ve hasarları engellemeye yönelik gerekli önlemlerin alınması zarar boyutunun azaltılmasında önemli bir adımdır. Bu çalışmada depremden zarar görebilirliğe etki eden faktörler literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri ile belirlenir. Ana ve alt başlıklarda belirlenen zarar görebilirliğe etki eden faktörler etki boyut ve ilişkilerine göre açıklanır. Deprem risk planlamasının yapılması ve önlemlerin alınması için faktörlerin öncelik sıralaması yapılır. Öncelik sıralaması depremden önce, deprem sırasında ve depremden sonra olası maddi ve manevi zarar boyutunu en aza indirmede yardımcı olur. Çok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak tanımlanan problemde depremden zarar görebilirliği etki eden faktörler analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) ile yapılandırılır ve ikili karşılaştırma matrisleri (İKM) ile değerlendirilir. Ana ve alt faktörler ikili karşılaştırılarak faktörlerin öncelik değerleri elde edilir. Yapısal, çevresel ve sosyal ana faktörlerden yapısal faktörlerin önemi ön plana çıkarken sosyal faktörlerden nüfus yoğunluğu dışındaki faktörler sıralamada son sıralarda yer alır. Çevresel faktörlerden faylara uzaklık ve jeolojik yapının önemi vurgulanır. Yapısal faktörler ile çevresel faktörlerin beraber dikkate alınması depremden zarar görme ölçüsünü önemli ölçüde azaltacağı görülür. Depremden zarar görebilirliği azalmak için tüm faktörlerin bütünsel olarak ele alınması gerekliliği dikkat çeker.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72744003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anti-obesity potential of various plant extracts and their associated bioactive compounds is well known. Molecular docking studies of FTO with flavonoids, using Orlistat (an anti-obesity drug) as a control, were performed to identify the effects of Rhamnus’ flavonoids with FTO (Obesity and obesity associated protein). Prior to molecular docking simulation, Rhamnus flavanoids were analysed using AutoDockTools (version 1.5.6). Docking simulations of the interaction of Rhamnus flavanoids with FTO were performed using AutoDock Vina version 1.1.2. Their binding affinities were obtained. BIOVIA Discovery Studio software was used to visualise the interaction between receptor and ligand. Our study approved the binding ability to FTO protein, and the affinity was as Aloe Emodin Dimer>Emodin>6-Methoxysorigenin. As a results, Rhamnus flavonoids have the remarkable ability to FTO protein, which means they are potent molecules as a potent FTO-inhibitor. Interestingly, Orlistat has lower affinity than Aloe-emodin dimer (-8.7 vs -10.8), which means aloe-emodin dimer more potent to bound the active site. In contrast, two other Rhamnnus flavonoids were shown lower binding affinity when compared to Orlistat.In conclution, Rhmanus phytomolecules able to bind to the catalytic site of FTO as well as “Orlistat” has been demonstrated by molecular docking. Thus, Rhamnus flavonoids especially “Aloe-emodin dimer” is a potent molecule to develop “anti-obesity drug”.
各种植物提取物及其相关生物活性化合物的抗肥胖潜力是众所周知的。以奥利司他(一种抗肥胖药物)为对照，进行了FTO与黄酮类化合物的分子对接研究，以确定鼠李黄酮对FTO(肥胖和肥胖相关蛋白)的影响。在分子对接模拟之前，使用AutoDockTools(版本1.5.6)分析鼠李黄酮。利用AutoDock Vina 1.1.2版本对接模拟大鼠黄酮与FTO的相互作用。得到了它们的结合亲和力。使用BIOVIA Discovery Studio软件可视化受体与配体之间的相互作用。我们的研究证实了其与FTO蛋白的结合能力，亲和性为芦荟大黄素二聚体>大黄素>6-甲氧基原蛋白。因此，鼠李黄酮具有显著的FTO蛋白能力，这意味着它们是一种有效的FTO抑制剂。有趣的是，奥利司他的亲和力低于芦荟-大黄素二聚体(-8.7 vs -10.8)，这意味着芦荟-大黄素二聚体更有效地结合活性部位。相比之下，与奥利司他相比，另外两种鼠李黄酮的结合亲和力较低。综上所述，Rhmanus植物分子能够结合到FTO的催化位点以及“Orlistat”已经被分子对接证实。因此，鼠李黄酮特别是“芦荟大黄素二聚体”是开发“抗肥胖药物”的有力分子。
{"title":"In silico Interaction of Rhamnus’ Flavonoids With Fat Mass And Obesity Associated Protein","authors":"Meliha Merve Hız, Arzu Dalyanci","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1260495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1260495","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-obesity potential of various plant extracts and their associated bioactive compounds is well known. Molecular docking studies of FTO with flavonoids, using Orlistat (an anti-obesity drug) as a control, were performed to identify the effects of Rhamnus’ flavonoids with FTO (Obesity and obesity associated protein). Prior to molecular docking simulation, Rhamnus flavanoids were analysed using AutoDockTools (version 1.5.6). Docking simulations of the interaction of Rhamnus flavanoids with FTO were performed using AutoDock Vina version 1.1.2. Their binding affinities were obtained. BIOVIA Discovery Studio software was used to visualise the interaction between receptor and ligand. Our study approved the binding ability to FTO protein, and the affinity was as Aloe Emodin Dimer>Emodin>6-Methoxysorigenin. As a results, Rhamnus flavonoids have the remarkable ability to FTO protein, which means they are potent molecules as a potent FTO-inhibitor. Interestingly, Orlistat has lower affinity than Aloe-emodin dimer (-8.7 vs -10.8), which means aloe-emodin dimer more potent to bound the active site. In contrast, two other Rhamnnus flavonoids were shown lower binding affinity when compared to Orlistat.In conclution, Rhmanus phytomolecules able to bind to the catalytic site of FTO as well as “Orlistat” has been demonstrated by molecular docking. Thus, Rhamnus flavonoids especially “Aloe-emodin dimer” is a potent molecule to develop “anti-obesity drug”.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76691887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışmada son yıllarda endüstrilerde sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan boyar maddelerden renk gideriminin ve sistemin elektrik tüketiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Boyar madde olarak Drimaren Orange tercih edilmiştir. Elektrooksidasyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalarda tuz türü olarak NaCI, KCI, NaNO3 ve Na2SO4 kullanılmıştır. 2.5, 5, 7.5 ve 10 mM tuz konsantrasyonlarında 1 saatlik denemelerde çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tuz türünün etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmalar 1 amper akımda, 250 mg/L kirletici madde konsantrasyonu, 5 mM NaCI ve 200 rpm karıştırma hızında atıksuyun doğal pH değerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelenen sonuçlarda en verimli elektrolitin %98.91 verimle KCI olmuştur. Bunu %93.35 verimle NaCI, %84.79 verimle NaNO3 ve %79.12 verimle Na2SO4 izlemiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu etkisi için yapılan çalışmalarda tüm konsantrasyonlar için %99 üzerinde verimler elde edilmiş ve etkili giderim sağlandığı görülmüştür. Elektrik tüketimi etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmalarda destek elektrolit konsantrasyonu arttıkça elektrik tüketiminin azaldığı görülmüştür. Farklı elektrolitlerin elektrik tüketiminde ise renk giderim verimleri ile ters orantılı sonuçların olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek verim elde edilen KCI elektrolitinde en düşük elektrik tüketimi gözlemlenmiştir.
{"title":"Drimaren Orange Boyar Maddesinden Renk Gideriminde Destek Elektrolit Türü ve Konsantrasyonun etkisi","authors":"Sermin Günaslan, Deniz Tosun, Baybars Ali Fi̇l","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1264348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1264348","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada son yıllarda endüstrilerde sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan boyar maddelerden renk gideriminin ve sistemin elektrik tüketiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Boyar madde olarak Drimaren Orange tercih edilmiştir. Elektrooksidasyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalarda tuz türü olarak NaCI, KCI, NaNO3 ve Na2SO4 kullanılmıştır. 2.5, 5, 7.5 ve 10 mM tuz konsantrasyonlarında 1 saatlik denemelerde çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tuz türünün etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmalar 1 amper akımda, 250 mg/L kirletici madde konsantrasyonu, 5 mM NaCI ve 200 rpm karıştırma hızında atıksuyun doğal pH değerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelenen sonuçlarda en verimli elektrolitin %98.91 verimle KCI olmuştur. Bunu %93.35 verimle NaCI, %84.79 verimle NaNO3 ve %79.12 verimle Na2SO4 izlemiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu etkisi için yapılan çalışmalarda tüm konsantrasyonlar için %99 üzerinde verimler elde edilmiş ve etkili giderim sağlandığı görülmüştür. Elektrik tüketimi etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmalarda destek elektrolit konsantrasyonu arttıkça elektrik tüketiminin azaldığı görülmüştür. Farklı elektrolitlerin elektrik tüketiminde ise renk giderim verimleri ile ters orantılı sonuçların olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek verim elde edilen KCI elektrolitinde en düşük elektrik tüketimi gözlemlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74605164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konvansiyonel yanıcı (fosil) yakıtların (kömür, madeni yağ ve doğal gaz) rezervleri, bugünkü hızla kullanılması halinde 50 ila 200 yıl içinde tükenecektir. Doğal gaz, petrol, kömür veya nükleer gibi konvansiyonel enerji kaynakları sınırlıyken, rüzgar, güneş, biyogaz/biyokütle, jeotermal vb. gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları temizdir ve doğada bol miktarda mevcuttur. Yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan rüzgar enerjisi temiz, emisyonsuz bir enerji üretim teknolojisidir. Rüzgar enerjisi, üstün özellikleri, yenilenebilir enerji, geniş dağıtım ve sıfır kirlilik nedeniyle “yeşil enerji”nin ana destekçilerinden biridir. Bu çalışma, son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalara dayanarak rüzgar enerjisinin potansiyelini tartışmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle rüzgar enerjisi kavramı kapsamlı bir şekilde anlatılacak, rüzgar enerjisi kullanımının avantaj ve dezavantajlarına değinilecektir. Daha sonra rüzgar enerjisi santrali bileşenlerinden rüzgar türbinleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Rüzgar türbinleri türleri ve özellikleri açıklanacaktır. Son olarak Türkiye’nin rüzgar ve rüzgar enerjisi potansiyeli hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Araştırmanın sonuç kısmında ise araştırmada elde edilen bilgilere dayanılarak, Türkiye’nin rüzgar enerjisi gücünün gelişimine yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.
{"title":"Rüzgarı Hasat Etmek: Türkiye'de Rüzgar Enerjisinin Fizibilitesi ve Gelişmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma","authors":"Barış Ayar, Zehra Gulten Yalçin, Mustafa Dağ","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1261573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1261573","url":null,"abstract":"Konvansiyonel yanıcı (fosil) yakıtların (kömür, madeni yağ ve doğal gaz) rezervleri, bugünkü hızla kullanılması halinde 50 ila 200 yıl içinde tükenecektir. Doğal gaz, petrol, kömür veya nükleer gibi konvansiyonel enerji kaynakları sınırlıyken, rüzgar, güneş, biyogaz/biyokütle, jeotermal vb. gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları temizdir ve doğada bol miktarda mevcuttur. Yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan rüzgar enerjisi temiz, emisyonsuz bir enerji üretim teknolojisidir. Rüzgar enerjisi, üstün özellikleri, yenilenebilir enerji, geniş dağıtım ve sıfır kirlilik nedeniyle “yeşil enerji”nin ana destekçilerinden biridir. \u0000Bu çalışma, son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalara dayanarak rüzgar enerjisinin potansiyelini tartışmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle rüzgar enerjisi kavramı kapsamlı bir şekilde anlatılacak, rüzgar enerjisi kullanımının avantaj ve dezavantajlarına değinilecektir. Daha sonra rüzgar enerjisi santrali bileşenlerinden rüzgar türbinleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Rüzgar türbinleri türleri ve özellikleri açıklanacaktır. Son olarak Türkiye’nin rüzgar ve rüzgar enerjisi potansiyeli hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Araştırmanın sonuç kısmında ise araştırmada elde edilen bilgilere dayanılarak, Türkiye’nin rüzgar enerjisi gücünün gelişimine yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83417273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, with the rapid developments in the field of technology and the development of wireless communication systems; led to a noticeable increase in the number of portable, rechargeable and low-power devices. These electronic devices have become a necessity even in our simplest works, due to the increase in their number and variety; It is desired that the energy needs can be met continuously and quickly at a low cost. Batteries, which are non-renewable generators, provide the energy required for such low-power devices in the world. The increase in the tendency towards non-renewable energy sources leads to negative environmental and economic consequences. Therefore, it becomes important to turn to renewable energy sources and to work on it. Energy harvesting systems, which are an innovative energy source, are the best potential alternatives to collect the energy needed by the mentioned low-power devices. With the increase of different frequency bands such as GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, 3G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and LTE, RF energy harvesting is becoming quite common. In this paper, a printed multiband microstrip patch antenna is presented. Antenna design covers numerically calculated frequencies of 1.6dBi at 2.4GHz, 3.95dBi at 5.2GHz, gain values, and frequencies often used for electronic device communication such as Wi-Fi 2.4GHz and WiMAX. The proposed antenna design has allowable gain values to be used for RF energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design for RF Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"Beyza Kanboz, Merih Palandöken","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1264433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1264433","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the rapid developments in the field of technology and the development of wireless communication systems; led to a noticeable increase in the number of portable, rechargeable and low-power devices. These electronic devices have become a necessity even in our simplest works, due to the increase in their number and variety; It is desired that the energy needs can be met continuously and quickly at a low cost. Batteries, which are non-renewable generators, provide the energy required for such low-power devices in the world. The increase in the tendency towards non-renewable energy sources leads to negative environmental and economic consequences. Therefore, it becomes important to turn to renewable energy sources and to work on it. Energy harvesting systems, which are an innovative energy source, are the best potential alternatives to collect the energy needed by the mentioned low-power devices. With the increase of different frequency bands such as GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, 3G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and LTE, RF energy harvesting is becoming quite common. In this paper, a printed multiband microstrip patch antenna is presented. Antenna design covers numerically calculated frequencies of 1.6dBi at 2.4GHz, 3.95dBi at 5.2GHz, gain values, and frequencies often used for electronic device communication such as Wi-Fi 2.4GHz and WiMAX. The proposed antenna design has allowable gain values to be used for RF energy harvesting applications.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A limited number of children receive proper physical education between the ages of 0-6 which is the main period for children to learn fundamental movement skills (FMS). In contrast to physical education opportunities, most of the children have access to neighborhood playgrounds. Proper interventions and improvements to playground designs may be the easiest and most efficient way to provide for many children to develop the FMS they need to acquire in their early years. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of the existing playground equipment and to provide an answer to the question regarding the qualification of existing playgrounds in terms of children’s FMS. The method of this study consists of three main steps; the first step is to analyze the commonly used assessment tools for FMS development to generate a list of mostly assessed movement skills. The second step is to inspect the mostly preferred playgrounds in the study area and analyze every piece of equipment they have, and finally to correlate the results from the first two steps. The results reached in the study were evaluated based on the level of competence gained by playground designs in terms of providing opportunities for necessary physical movements and their support rates for basic movements. It is thought that the interpretation of the study results will provide insight and a detailed guide in the early stages of the design process for future playground designs.
{"title":"Examination of the Relationship Between Existing Playground Designs and Children’s Fundamental Movement Skills","authors":"Sena Ahsen Amirshoev, S. Güneş","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1264919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1264919","url":null,"abstract":"A limited number of children receive proper physical education between the ages of 0-6 which is the main period for children to learn fundamental movement skills (FMS). In contrast to physical education opportunities, most of the children have access to neighborhood playgrounds. Proper interventions and improvements to playground designs may be the easiest and most efficient way to provide for many children to develop the FMS they need to acquire in their early years. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of the existing playground equipment and to provide an answer to the question regarding the qualification of existing playgrounds in terms of children’s FMS. The method of this study consists of three main steps; the first step is to analyze the commonly used assessment tools for FMS development to generate a list of mostly assessed movement skills. The second step is to inspect the mostly preferred playgrounds in the study area and analyze every piece of equipment they have, and finally to correlate the results from the first two steps. The results reached in the study were evaluated based on the level of competence gained by playground designs in terms of providing opportunities for necessary physical movements and their support rates for basic movements. It is thought that the interpretation of the study results will provide insight and a detailed guide in the early stages of the design process for future playground designs.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73959808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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