Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678772
F. Mancini, D. Praud, B. Fervers, M. Boutron‐Ruault
ABSTRACT Diet is an important source of exposure to chemical compounds and estimating individual exposure is challenging and essential to study the association with long term health effects. This project aims to estimate the dietary exposure to more than 400 chemical compounds in the E3N cohort (Etude Epidémiologique après de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale). In order to do so we developed a new database obtained by merging measures of chemical levels in commonly consumed food, from the second French Total Diet Study (TDS2), with the consumption data for food items of the E3N participants. E3N is a prospective cohort enrolled from 1990 with nearly 100,000 women aged between 40 to 65 years at inclusion. Participants complete a follow-up questionnaire every 2–3 years and dietary data were collected in 1993 and in 2005 using validated semi-quantitative food questionnaires developed according to the French meal pattern, collecting consumption information for 238 food items. The TDS2 analysed 445 different chemical substances in 186 core foods prepared as consumed. We attributed an occurrence value for each substance measured in the TDS2 study to all foods items included in the E3N food questionnaires. We identified 146 food items with a direct correspondence between the two databases. Alternatively, we attributed the weighted average of single foods using an a posteriori partition for 19 E3N food items. For 37 E3N food items not considered in the TDS2 we attributed the value of the most similar food measured in the TDS2. Overall 36 food items were excluded from the E3N-TDS2 database because no similar food was available. This study will allow estimating the dietary exposures to more than 400 chemical substances, either individually or as mixtures, in the E3N cohort, and therefore investigating their effect on the risk of chronic diseases, including cancers, diabetes, thyroid abnormalities, or ageing.
饮食是化合物暴露的重要来源，估计个体暴露对于研究其与长期健康影响的关系具有挑战性和必要性。该项目旨在估计E3N队列(Etude epidsammiologique aprires de femmes de la Mutuelle gsamnacrale de l 'Education Nationale)中400多种化合物的饮食暴露。为了做到这一点，我们开发了一个新的数据库，通过合并来自第二次法国总饮食研究(TDS2)的常见消费食品中的化学水平测量，以及E3N参与者的食品消费数据，获得了一个新的数据库。E3N是一项从1990年开始招募的前瞻性队列研究，纳入了近10万名年龄在40至65岁之间的女性。参与者每2-3年完成一份随访问卷，并在1993年和2005年使用根据法国饮食模式开发的有效的半定量食物问卷收集饮食数据，收集238种食物的消费信息。TDS2分析了186种加工后食用的核心食品中的445种不同化学物质。我们将TDS2研究中测量的每种物质的出现值归因于E3N食品问卷中包含的所有食品。我们确定了146种食品在两个数据库之间具有直接对应关系。另外，我们使用19个E3N食品项目的后验划分来归因于单一食品的加权平均值。对于在TDS2中未考虑的37种E3N食品，我们将TDS2中测量到的最相似食品的价值归因于此。由于没有类似的食品，总共36种食品被排除在E3N-TDS2数据库之外。这项研究将估算出E3N队列中400多种化学物质的饮食暴露量，无论是单独的还是混合的，从而调查它们对慢性疾病风险的影响，包括癌症、糖尿病、甲状腺异常或衰老。
{"title":"Estimation of the dietary exposure to chemical compounds in the French E3N prospective cohort: a study protocol","authors":"F. Mancini, D. Praud, B. Fervers, M. Boutron‐Ruault","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1678772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1678772","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diet is an important source of exposure to chemical compounds and estimating individual exposure is challenging and essential to study the association with long term health effects. This project aims to estimate the dietary exposure to more than 400 chemical compounds in the E3N cohort (Etude Epidémiologique après de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale). In order to do so we developed a new database obtained by merging measures of chemical levels in commonly consumed food, from the second French Total Diet Study (TDS2), with the consumption data for food items of the E3N participants. E3N is a prospective cohort enrolled from 1990 with nearly 100,000 women aged between 40 to 65 years at inclusion. Participants complete a follow-up questionnaire every 2–3 years and dietary data were collected in 1993 and in 2005 using validated semi-quantitative food questionnaires developed according to the French meal pattern, collecting consumption information for 238 food items. The TDS2 analysed 445 different chemical substances in 186 core foods prepared as consumed. We attributed an occurrence value for each substance measured in the TDS2 study to all foods items included in the E3N food questionnaires. We identified 146 food items with a direct correspondence between the two databases. Alternatively, we attributed the weighted average of single foods using an a posteriori partition for 19 E3N food items. For 37 E3N food items not considered in the TDS2 we attributed the value of the most similar food measured in the TDS2. Overall 36 food items were excluded from the E3N-TDS2 database because no similar food was available. This study will allow estimating the dietary exposures to more than 400 chemical substances, either individually or as mixtures, in the E3N cohort, and therefore investigating their effect on the risk of chronic diseases, including cancers, diabetes, thyroid abnormalities, or ageing.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"49 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80926360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1675909
R. Valand, S. Tanna, G. Lawson, Linda Bengtström
ABSTRACT The increasing demand for food and the globalisation of the supply chain have resulted in a rise in food fraud, and recent high profile cases, such as the Chinese milk scandal in 2008 and the EU horsemeat scandal in 2013 have emphasised the vulnerability of the food supply system to adulteration and authenticity frauds. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is routinely used in cases of suspected food fraud as it offers a rapid, easy and reliable detection method for these investigations. In this review, we first present a brief summary of the concepts of food adulteration and authenticity as well as a discussion of the current legislation regarding these crimes. Thereafter, we give an extensive overview of FTIR as an analytical technique and the different foods where FTIR analysis has been employed for food fraud investigations as well as the subsequent multivariate data analyses that have been applied successfully to investigate the case of adulteration or authenticity. Finally, we give a critical discussion of the applications and limitations of FTIR, either as a standalone technique or incorporated in a test battery, in the fight against food fraud.
{"title":"A review of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy used in food adulteration and authenticity investigations","authors":"R. Valand, S. Tanna, G. Lawson, Linda Bengtström","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1675909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1675909","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increasing demand for food and the globalisation of the supply chain have resulted in a rise in food fraud, and recent high profile cases, such as the Chinese milk scandal in 2008 and the EU horsemeat scandal in 2013 have emphasised the vulnerability of the food supply system to adulteration and authenticity frauds. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is routinely used in cases of suspected food fraud as it offers a rapid, easy and reliable detection method for these investigations. In this review, we first present a brief summary of the concepts of food adulteration and authenticity as well as a discussion of the current legislation regarding these crimes. Thereafter, we give an extensive overview of FTIR as an analytical technique and the different foods where FTIR analysis has been employed for food fraud investigations as well as the subsequent multivariate data analyses that have been applied successfully to investigate the case of adulteration or authenticity. Finally, we give a critical discussion of the applications and limitations of FTIR, either as a standalone technique or incorporated in a test battery, in the fight against food fraud.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"58 1","pages":"19 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82781082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1675911
K. C. Hernandes, É. A. Souza-Silva, C. F. Assumpção, C. Zini, J. Welke
ABSTRACT Carbonyl compounds and furan derivatives may form adducts with DNA and cause oxidative stress to human cells, which establishes the carcinogenic potential of these compounds. The occurrence of these compounds may vary according to the processing characteristics of the beer. The objective of this study was, for the first time, to investigate the free forms of target carbonyl compounds [acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC) and formaldehyde] and furan derivatives [furfural and furfuryl alcohol (FA)] during the brewing stages of ale and lager craft beers. Samples were evaluated using headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode (HS-SPME-GC/MS-SIM). Acetaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol were found in all brewing stages of both beer types, while EC and furfural concentrations were below the LOD and LOQ of the method (0.1 and 0.01 µg L−1, respectively). Boiling and fermentation of ale brewing seem to be important steps for the formation of acrolein and acetaldehyde, respectively, while boiling resulted in an increase of FA in both types of beer. Conversely, pasteurisation and maturation reduced the levels of these compounds in both types of beer. An increase in concentration of acrolein has not been verified in lager brew probably due to the difference in boiling time between these two types of beer (60 and 90 min for ale and lager, respectively). Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Carbonyl compounds and furan derivatives with toxic potential evaluated in the brewing stages of craft beer","authors":"K. C. Hernandes, É. A. Souza-Silva, C. F. Assumpção, C. Zini, J. Welke","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1675911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1675911","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carbonyl compounds and furan derivatives may form adducts with DNA and cause oxidative stress to human cells, which establishes the carcinogenic potential of these compounds. The occurrence of these compounds may vary according to the processing characteristics of the beer. The objective of this study was, for the first time, to investigate the free forms of target carbonyl compounds [acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC) and formaldehyde] and furan derivatives [furfural and furfuryl alcohol (FA)] during the brewing stages of ale and lager craft beers. Samples were evaluated using headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode (HS-SPME-GC/MS-SIM). Acetaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol were found in all brewing stages of both beer types, while EC and furfural concentrations were below the LOD and LOQ of the method (0.1 and 0.01 µg L−1, respectively). Boiling and fermentation of ale brewing seem to be important steps for the formation of acrolein and acetaldehyde, respectively, while boiling resulted in an increase of FA in both types of beer. Conversely, pasteurisation and maturation reduced the levels of these compounds in both types of beer. An increase in concentration of acrolein has not been verified in lager brew probably due to the difference in boiling time between these two types of beer (60 and 90 min for ale and lager, respectively). Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":"61 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90943826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1681595
Alexandra Gavelek, J. Spungen, D. Hoffman-Pennesi, B. Flannery, L. Dolan, S. Dennis, S. Fitzpatrick
ABSTRACT Dietary exposures to lead were estimated for older children, females of childbearing age and adults based on lead concentration data from the FDA’s Total Diet Study and on food consumption data from What We Eat In America (WWEIA), the food survey portion of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Estimated mean exposures varied based on the population and on the three different substitution scenarios for lead values below the limit of detection (non-detects = 0; non-detects = limit of detection; hybrid approach). Estimated mean lead exposures range from 1.4 to 4.0 µg/day for older children (males and females 7–17 years), 1.6 to 4.6 µg/day for women of childbearing age (females 16–49 years) and 1.7 to 5.3 µg/day for adults (males and females 18 years and older). Estimated 90th percentile lead exposures range from 2.3 to 5.8 µg/day for older children, 2.8 to 6.7 µg/day for women of childbearing age and 3.2 to 7.8 µg/day for adults. Exposure estimates suggest some older children may be exposed to dietary lead above the FDA interim reference level for lead in children of 3 µg/day. The results of this study can be used by the FDA to prioritise research and regulatory efforts in the area of dietary lead exposure.
{"title":"Lead exposures in older children (males and females 7–17 years), women of childbearing age (females 16–49 years) and adults (males and females 18+ years): FDA total diet study 2014–16","authors":"Alexandra Gavelek, J. Spungen, D. Hoffman-Pennesi, B. Flannery, L. Dolan, S. Dennis, S. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1681595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1681595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dietary exposures to lead were estimated for older children, females of childbearing age and adults based on lead concentration data from the FDA’s Total Diet Study and on food consumption data from What We Eat In America (WWEIA), the food survey portion of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Estimated mean exposures varied based on the population and on the three different substitution scenarios for lead values below the limit of detection (non-detects = 0; non-detects = limit of detection; hybrid approach). Estimated mean lead exposures range from 1.4 to 4.0 µg/day for older children (males and females 7–17 years), 1.6 to 4.6 µg/day for women of childbearing age (females 16–49 years) and 1.7 to 5.3 µg/day for adults (males and females 18 years and older). Estimated 90th percentile lead exposures range from 2.3 to 5.8 µg/day for older children, 2.8 to 6.7 µg/day for women of childbearing age and 3.2 to 7.8 µg/day for adults. Exposure estimates suggest some older children may be exposed to dietary lead above the FDA interim reference level for lead in children of 3 µg/day. The results of this study can be used by the FDA to prioritise research and regulatory efforts in the area of dietary lead exposure.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"47 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88439823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678771
Natália da Silva Bomfim, Cássia Yumie Kohiyama, Lydiana Polis Nakasugi, S. B. Nerilo, S. Mossini, J. C. Z. Romoli, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, B. A. A. Abreu Filho, M. Machinski
ABSTRACT The increased risk to health by diverse pathologies, such as cancer, liver diseases, and endocrine alterations, caused by chemical residues in food, has led to the search for sustainable agricultural management alternatives, such as the use of essential oils for the development of natural and eco-friendly fungicides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil (REO) against Aspergillus flavus Link. REO was obtained by hydrodistillation and its major components were identified as 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol, 52.2%), camphor (15.2%) and α-pinene (12.4%) by GC/MS and NMR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were both 500 µg/mL. REO reduced the mycelial growth of A. flavus at a concentration of 250 µg/mL (15.3%). The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated a reduction in the size of conidiophores and in the thickness of hyphae in A. flavus caused by treatment with REO (250 µg/mL). The production of ergosterol and the biomass of mycelium were both reduced as the REO treatment concentration increased. The production of aflatoxins B1 and B2 was inhibited after treatment with 250 µg/mL REO, a concentration below the MIC/MFC, indicating that the antiaflatoxigenic effect of REO is independent of its antifungal effect and is likely due to its direct action upon toxin biosynthesis. The data demonstrated that REO may be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against Aspergillus flavus","authors":"Natália da Silva Bomfim, Cássia Yumie Kohiyama, Lydiana Polis Nakasugi, S. B. Nerilo, S. Mossini, J. C. Z. Romoli, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, B. A. A. Abreu Filho, M. Machinski","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1678771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1678771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increased risk to health by diverse pathologies, such as cancer, liver diseases, and endocrine alterations, caused by chemical residues in food, has led to the search for sustainable agricultural management alternatives, such as the use of essential oils for the development of natural and eco-friendly fungicides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil (REO) against Aspergillus flavus Link. REO was obtained by hydrodistillation and its major components were identified as 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol, 52.2%), camphor (15.2%) and α-pinene (12.4%) by GC/MS and NMR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were both 500 µg/mL. REO reduced the mycelial growth of A. flavus at a concentration of 250 µg/mL (15.3%). The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated a reduction in the size of conidiophores and in the thickness of hyphae in A. flavus caused by treatment with REO (250 µg/mL). The production of ergosterol and the biomass of mycelium were both reduced as the REO treatment concentration increased. The production of aflatoxins B1 and B2 was inhibited after treatment with 250 µg/mL REO, a concentration below the MIC/MFC, indicating that the antiaflatoxigenic effect of REO is independent of its antifungal effect and is likely due to its direct action upon toxin biosynthesis. The data demonstrated that REO may be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"28 1","pages":"153 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73922538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678769
I. Delgado-Blanca, E. Llorent-Martínez, A. Ruiz-Medina, Ortega-Barrales Pilar
ABSTRACT Packaging may represent a source of food contamination, as different organic compounds and degradation compounds may migrate from packaging to foodstuff. For fatty foods, rectified olive oil is the common simulant, which implies time-consuming and laborious liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedures to isolate the contaminant(s) from the oil. Here we propose a Multisyringe Flow Injection Analysis manifold to automate this sample treatment, using the monomer 4,4´-dihydroxybiphenyl as the contaminant. The LLE procedure, using water as extractant, was fully automated. After the on-line LLE, the resulting extract was pumped through a fluorescence detector, inside which a flow-cell filled with C18 silica gel solid support was placed. The analyte was pre-concentrated on the solid support (in which the analytical signal was directly recorded), so improving the sensitivity of the system. Under optimum conditions, the method detection limit is 0.05 mg kg−1, well within the specific migration limit of 6 mg kg−1. The method developed was compared with the standard CEN test method (off-line LLE and HPLC determination) observing savings in sample and reagents of 90% and a 7-fold increase in sample throughput. Graphical abstract
包装可能是食品污染源之一，因为不同的有机化合物和降解化合物可能从包装转移到食品中。对于高脂肪食品，精炼橄榄油是常见的模拟物，这意味着耗时且费力的液-液萃取(LLE)程序来从油中分离污染物。在这里，我们提出了一个多注射器流动注射分析歧管自动化样品处理，使用单体4,4´-二羟基联苯作为污染物。LLE过程以水为萃取剂，完全自动化。在线LLE后，将得到的提取物通过荧光检测器泵送，在荧光检测器内放置充满C18硅胶固体载体的流动池。分析物被预先浓缩在固体载体上(在固体载体上直接记录分析信号)，从而提高了系统的灵敏度。在最佳条件下，该方法的检出限为0.05 mg kg - 1，完全在6 mg kg - 1的特定迁移限内。将该方法与标准的CEN测试方法(离线LLE和HPLC测定)进行比较，发现样品和试剂节省90%，样品通量提高7倍。图形抽象
{"title":"Automated on-line liquid-liquid extraction in a multisyringe flow injection analysis manifold for migration studies in food-contact materials: analysis of 4,4´-dihydroxybiphenyl","authors":"I. Delgado-Blanca, E. Llorent-Martínez, A. Ruiz-Medina, Ortega-Barrales Pilar","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1678769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1678769","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Packaging may represent a source of food contamination, as different organic compounds and degradation compounds may migrate from packaging to foodstuff. For fatty foods, rectified olive oil is the common simulant, which implies time-consuming and laborious liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedures to isolate the contaminant(s) from the oil. Here we propose a Multisyringe Flow Injection Analysis manifold to automate this sample treatment, using the monomer 4,4´-dihydroxybiphenyl as the contaminant. The LLE procedure, using water as extractant, was fully automated. After the on-line LLE, the resulting extract was pumped through a fluorescence detector, inside which a flow-cell filled with C18 silica gel solid support was placed. The analyte was pre-concentrated on the solid support (in which the analytical signal was directly recorded), so improving the sensitivity of the system. Under optimum conditions, the method detection limit is 0.05 mg kg−1, well within the specific migration limit of 6 mg kg−1. The method developed was compared with the standard CEN test method (off-line LLE and HPLC determination) observing savings in sample and reagents of 90% and a 7-fold increase in sample throughput. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"9 1","pages":"174 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83085595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1676920
D. Tonoli, Aline Staub Spörri, M. Blanco, Philippe Jan, Jean-Paul Larcinese, Patricia Schmidt-Millasson, D. Ortelli, P. Edder
ABSTRACT Due to the growing number of analysed pesticide residues, analytical strategies have evolved for the data processing of 100s of pesticides in a single analysis. We present herein a LC-MS/MS method based on triple quadrupole technology capable of detecting concentrations at 5 ng/g and confirming 381 pesticides in a single injection. Confirmatory analysis is performed using data-dependent acquisition that compares full MS/MS spectra of candidates to a fast library interrogation within the same injection. A comparison on more than 200 samples of fruits and vegetables (representing principal types: normal, pigmented, and fatty) with pre-existing workflow based on single MRM analysis per compound was performed to validate this approach. A fast turnaround time was demonstrated due to more-unambiguous identification suppressing the need for reinjection to confirm candidates. The automated library searching and confirmation only of putative hits also allowed focusing on the manual verification and validation steps just for putative candidates which hence also increased overall throughput and results quality. Superior robustness of the method due partially to a reduced volume injected was also one of the key points achieved using this methodology. An interesting feature is also the capability to enrich the library and the number of pesticides screened with ease.
{"title":"Performance enhancement and sample throughput increase of a multiresidue pesticides method in fruits and vegetables using Data-Dependent MS acquisition","authors":"D. Tonoli, Aline Staub Spörri, M. Blanco, Philippe Jan, Jean-Paul Larcinese, Patricia Schmidt-Millasson, D. Ortelli, P. Edder","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1676920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1676920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to the growing number of analysed pesticide residues, analytical strategies have evolved for the data processing of 100s of pesticides in a single analysis. We present herein a LC-MS/MS method based on triple quadrupole technology capable of detecting concentrations at 5 ng/g and confirming 381 pesticides in a single injection. Confirmatory analysis is performed using data-dependent acquisition that compares full MS/MS spectra of candidates to a fast library interrogation within the same injection. A comparison on more than 200 samples of fruits and vegetables (representing principal types: normal, pigmented, and fatty) with pre-existing workflow based on single MRM analysis per compound was performed to validate this approach. A fast turnaround time was demonstrated due to more-unambiguous identification suppressing the need for reinjection to confirm candidates. The automated library searching and confirmation only of putative hits also allowed focusing on the manual verification and validation steps just for putative candidates which hence also increased overall throughput and results quality. Superior robustness of the method due partially to a reduced volume injected was also one of the key points achieved using this methodology. An interesting feature is also the capability to enrich the library and the number of pesticides screened with ease.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"47 1","pages":"110 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A procedure was established and fully validated for the screening and quantification of fourteen synthetic antidiabetic adulterants in herbal pharmaceuticals and health foods, including metformin (MF), buformin (BF), phenformin (PHF), rosiglitazone (RGZ), pioglitazone (PGZ), chlorpropamide (CPM), glipizide (GPZ), tolbutamide (TBM), gliclazide (GCZ), glibenclamide (GBM), glimepiride (GMR), repaglinide (RGN), gliquidone (GQD) and nateglinide (NGN). The samples were extracted by methanol and separated by HPLC. Retention times and ultraviolet spectra were used for the preliminary screening, and the suspected adulterants were then confirmed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and quantified by HPLC. The developed procedure was successfully applied to assess twenty-four herbal samples, and PHF, GCZ, GBM, MF, GPZ and BF were found in many. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous screening and quantification of these fourteen synthetic antidiabetic adulterants from any matrix.
{"title":"Screening and quantification of fourteen synthetic antidiabetic adulterants in herbal pharmaceuticals and health foods by HPLC and confirmation by LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS","authors":"Pengfei Jin, Shuo Xu, Wenfeng Xu, Xiaorong He, Yongmei Kuang, Xin Hu","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1675910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1675910","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A procedure was established and fully validated for the screening and quantification of fourteen synthetic antidiabetic adulterants in herbal pharmaceuticals and health foods, including metformin (MF), buformin (BF), phenformin (PHF), rosiglitazone (RGZ), pioglitazone (PGZ), chlorpropamide (CPM), glipizide (GPZ), tolbutamide (TBM), gliclazide (GCZ), glibenclamide (GBM), glimepiride (GMR), repaglinide (RGN), gliquidone (GQD) and nateglinide (NGN). The samples were extracted by methanol and separated by HPLC. Retention times and ultraviolet spectra were used for the preliminary screening, and the suspected adulterants were then confirmed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and quantified by HPLC. The developed procedure was successfully applied to assess twenty-four herbal samples, and PHF, GCZ, GBM, MF, GPZ and BF were found in many. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous screening and quantification of these fourteen synthetic antidiabetic adulterants from any matrix.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79829476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686
M. Nobile, F. Arioli, R. Pavlovic, F. Ceriani, Shih-kuo Lin, S. Panseri, Roberto Villa, L. Chiesa
ABSTRACT Food safety becomes imperative when it aims to protect infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of emerging contaminants of which some act as endocrine-disruptors in baby food. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), parabens and antibiotics were analysed in 112 baby food of different categories (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, cheese). As regard POPs, PFASs and antibiotics, no residues were detected, while one sample showed methyl-paraben (4.14 ng g−1), whereas another three contained propyl-paraben (median 1.70 ng g−1). Special attention must be paid on parabens metabolites, as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the principal parabens metabolite, was detected in all samples (median 176.7 ng g−1). It may be present as a degradation product, but also, it can be released from vegetables and fruits during food processing. It is recommended to collect more data on natural vs non-natural occurrence of parabens and metabolites to evaluate the exposure of sensitive population vs ADI published by the European Food Safety Authority and European Medicines Agency.
摘要食品安全是婴幼儿安全的重要保障。这项研究的目的是调查婴儿食品中出现的一些作为内分泌干扰物的新污染物的存在。对112种不同类别的婴儿食品(肉、鱼、蔬菜、水果、奶酪)中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)、全氟烷基物质(PFASs)、对羟基苯甲酸酯和抗生素进行了分析。至于持久性有机污染物、全氟辛烷磺酸和抗生素，没有检测到残留，其中一个样品含有对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(4.14 ng g−1)，而另外三个样品含有对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(中位数为1.70 ng g−1)。必须特别注意对羟基苯甲酸的代谢物，因为4-羟基苯甲酸是对羟基苯甲酸的主要代谢物，在所有样品中都检测到(中位数为176.7 ng g−1)。它可以作为降解产物存在，但也可以在食品加工过程中从蔬菜和水果中释放出来。建议收集更多关于天然与非天然对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物的数据，以评估敏感人群与欧洲食品安全局和欧洲药品管理局公布的ADI的暴露情况。
{"title":"Presence of emerging contaminants in baby food","authors":"M. Nobile, F. Arioli, R. Pavlovic, F. Ceriani, Shih-kuo Lin, S. Panseri, Roberto Villa, L. Chiesa","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Food safety becomes imperative when it aims to protect infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of emerging contaminants of which some act as endocrine-disruptors in baby food. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), parabens and antibiotics were analysed in 112 baby food of different categories (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, cheese). As regard POPs, PFASs and antibiotics, no residues were detected, while one sample showed methyl-paraben (4.14 ng g−1), whereas another three contained propyl-paraben (median 1.70 ng g−1). Special attention must be paid on parabens metabolites, as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the principal parabens metabolite, was detected in all samples (median 176.7 ng g−1). It may be present as a degradation product, but also, it can be released from vegetables and fruits during food processing. It is recommended to collect more data on natural vs non-natural occurrence of parabens and metabolites to evaluate the exposure of sensitive population vs ADI published by the European Food Safety Authority and European Medicines Agency.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"11 1","pages":"131 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678770
S. Koster, Jesús Varela, R. Stadler, J. Moulin, C. Cruz-Hernandez, Johannes Hielscher, C. Lesueur, J. Roïz, Hervé Simian
ABSTRACT The contamination of foods with mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) is a serious concern, requiring in most cases tedious mitigation measures that span across the whole food supply chain. A major issue today is the significant variability of the results generated by laboratories. This study was therefore designed to achieve a deeper insight into the analytical procedures used by commercial laboratories, identifying possible gaps and suggesting improvements that will enhance the reliability of the MOH data, an important prerequisite for risk assessment. In total six different food matrices, i.e. infant formula (IF), cocoa butter, cocoa powder, biscuits, fruit-based baby food containing biscuit and roast and ground coffee were subjected to comparative inter-laboratory studies, as well as one vegetable oil analysed within the frame of a professionally conducted proficiency test. The results indicate that on some matrices with possibly low amounts of MOH contamination, the current methodologies cannot reliably conclude whether or not a food sample is indeed contaminated with mineral oils (<10 mg/kg food). Urgently needed are: (i) an aligned and fully validated sample preparation strategy tested on a range of different food matrices; (ii) a confirmation of positive flame ionisation detection (FID) results by confirmatory methods such as mass spectrometry – in line with the CEN Standard and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Guidance Document, (iii) a more detailed root-cause analysis in the reports of laboratories through the use of mineral oil markers, and (iv) a fully validated official method for the concerned foods with a limit of application <10 mg/kg food.
{"title":"Mineral oil hydrocarbons in foods: is the data reliable?","authors":"S. Koster, Jesús Varela, R. Stadler, J. Moulin, C. Cruz-Hernandez, Johannes Hielscher, C. Lesueur, J. Roïz, Hervé Simian","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2019.1678770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1678770","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The contamination of foods with mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) is a serious concern, requiring in most cases tedious mitigation measures that span across the whole food supply chain. A major issue today is the significant variability of the results generated by laboratories. This study was therefore designed to achieve a deeper insight into the analytical procedures used by commercial laboratories, identifying possible gaps and suggesting improvements that will enhance the reliability of the MOH data, an important prerequisite for risk assessment. In total six different food matrices, i.e. infant formula (IF), cocoa butter, cocoa powder, biscuits, fruit-based baby food containing biscuit and roast and ground coffee were subjected to comparative inter-laboratory studies, as well as one vegetable oil analysed within the frame of a professionally conducted proficiency test. The results indicate that on some matrices with possibly low amounts of MOH contamination, the current methodologies cannot reliably conclude whether or not a food sample is indeed contaminated with mineral oils (<10 mg/kg food). Urgently needed are: (i) an aligned and fully validated sample preparation strategy tested on a range of different food matrices; (ii) a confirmation of positive flame ionisation detection (FID) results by confirmatory methods such as mass spectrometry – in line with the CEN Standard and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Guidance Document, (iii) a more detailed root-cause analysis in the reports of laboratories through the use of mineral oil markers, and (iv) a fully validated official method for the concerned foods with a limit of application <10 mg/kg food.","PeriodicalId":12121,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","volume":"189 1","pages":"69 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73289383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：