Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.024
Yoonbin Kim , Christopher Simmons , Selina C. Wang , Nitin Nitin
Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of emerging technologies aids in establishing the economic benefits and technical feasibility of novel technologies. In this study, a techno-economic model was developed for a non-thermal synergistic pasteurization of apple juice based on a combination of UV-A light and aqueous extract derived from olive byproduct, and its comparison with conventional thermal pasteurization processes. A comparative TEA revealed that UV-A + OPE pasteurization could reduce ca. 30.2–38.3 % of direct-fixed capital (DFC) and ca. 19.5–23.9 % of annual operating costs (AOC) compared to conventional thermal pasteurization (low-temperature long-time [LTLT] and high-temperature short-time [HTST] pasteurization) at a production scale of 1000 kg/batch. In addition, UV-A + OPE pasteurization exhibited lower sensitivity to upscaling than HTST pasteurization, and ca. 27.4 % lower AOC was estimated at a production scale of 2000 kg/batch. These findings highlight the potential of UV-A + OPE pasteurization to enhance the economic sustainability of juice processing while ensuring the microbial safety of juice products. This study provides insights into developing a non-thermal pasteurization process using a synergistic combination of UV-A light and plant byproduct-derived extracts and evaluating its economic feasibility through a comparative TEA.
{"title":"Techno-economic evaluation of synergistic pasteurization of apple juice using UV-A light and olive byproduct extract","authors":"Yoonbin Kim , Christopher Simmons , Selina C. Wang , Nitin Nitin","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of emerging technologies aids in establishing the economic benefits and technical feasibility of novel technologies. In this study, a techno-economic model was developed for a non-thermal synergistic pasteurization of apple juice based on a combination of UV-A light and aqueous extract derived from olive byproduct, and its comparison with conventional thermal pasteurization processes. A comparative TEA revealed that UV-A + OPE pasteurization could reduce ca. 30.2–38.3 % of direct-fixed capital (DFC) and ca. 19.5–23.9 % of annual operating costs (AOC) compared to conventional thermal pasteurization (low-temperature long-time [LTLT] and high-temperature short-time [HTST] pasteurization) at a production scale of 1000 kg/batch. In addition, UV-A + OPE pasteurization exhibited lower sensitivity to upscaling than HTST pasteurization, and ca. 27.4 % lower AOC was estimated at a production scale of 2000 kg/batch. These findings highlight the potential of UV-A + OPE pasteurization to enhance the economic sustainability of juice processing while ensuring the microbial safety of juice products. This study provides insights into developing a non-thermal pasteurization process using a synergistic combination of UV-A light and plant byproduct-derived extracts and evaluating its economic feasibility through a comparative TEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023
Felicitas Aselmeyer, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl
Micro structured equipment is prone to fouling and consequently micro components are often excluded as soon as fouling-prone fluids are present. With the availability of suitable cleaning strategies, the specific advantages of micro structured equipment could be exploited on a broader range. To investigate the transferability as well as differences and similarities of cleaning in macro and microscale components, cleaning tests of whey protein isolate based hydrogels are carried out in a flow channel with a one-dimensional micro structure. Initial results show the possibility of transferring well-established cleaning strategies from the macro to the microscale and allow the access to scaling-related phenomena. New methods were established such as the ability to quantify the changeable flow velocity during cleaning in microscale, as well as the quantification of the cleaning rate with temporal and local resolution via image analysis. The respective results are used for cleaning modelling with the model parameters serving as a criterion for tracking scaling-related phenomena. The geometry of a channel indicates a contrasting impact on cleaning performance, with regard to a reduction in channel height. Although a narrowing of the cross-flow section due to swelling of the hydrogels could lead to possible partial blockage, which significantly reduces cleaning rate, thus increases cleaning time. However, the narrowing of the cross-flow section also increases flow velocity and thus improves the cleaning rate, consequently leading to an improved cleaning performance.
{"title":"Scaling-related phenomena during cleaning protein based soils in micro structured equipment","authors":"Felicitas Aselmeyer, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro structured equipment is prone to fouling and consequently micro components are often excluded as soon as fouling-prone fluids are present. With the availability of suitable cleaning strategies, the specific advantages of micro structured equipment could be exploited on a broader range. To investigate the transferability as well as differences and similarities of cleaning in macro and microscale components, cleaning tests of whey protein isolate based hydrogels are carried out in a flow channel with a one-dimensional micro structure. Initial results show the possibility of transferring well-established cleaning strategies from the macro to the microscale and allow the access to scaling-related phenomena. New methods were established such as the ability to quantify the changeable flow velocity during cleaning in microscale, as well as the quantification of the cleaning rate with temporal and local resolution via image analysis. The respective results are used for cleaning modelling with the model parameters serving as a criterion for tracking scaling-related phenomena. The geometry of a channel indicates a contrasting impact on cleaning performance, with regard to a reduction in channel height. Although a narrowing of the cross-flow section due to swelling of the hydrogels could lead to possible partial blockage, which significantly reduces cleaning rate, thus increases cleaning time. However, the narrowing of the cross-flow section also increases flow velocity and thus improves the cleaning rate, consequently leading to an improved cleaning performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022
Marlon Galad, Niloy Sarker, Sulaymon Eshkabilov, Zhulu Lin, Ewumbua Monono
Preheating performance in vacuum steam pasteurizers (VSPs) is strongly governed by grain mixing behavior, which controls convective heat transfer and overall energy efficiency. Accurately simulating, designing, and operating effective mixing and heat‑transfer conditions under vacuum remains challenging. Therefore, this study integrates computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) to optimize the internal geometry and operating parameters of a pilot‑scale VSP chamber. Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was selected as the model grain, and a spheropolyhedron representation was adopted to capture its faceted yet rounded morphology. The particle model was calibrated to match an experimental angle of repose of 23.4° using 50 corners, a corner smoothness of 0.2, and a rolling resistance of 0.35. A 3 ³ factorial DEM study evaluated the effects of baffle count (10, 15, 20), baffle angle (20°, 25°, 30°), and rotational speed (12, 18, 24 rpm) on particle distribution and unloading efficiency. The optimal configuration—10 baffles set at 20° and a rotational speed of 18 rpm—produced uniform particle dispersion and a 96.74 % unloading efficiency. Subsequent CFD–DEM coupling predicted that 50 kg of wheat would reach 45 °C after 6.5 min of preheating with hot air at 100 °C. A pilot chamber fabricated using the optimized geometry was experimentally validated, requiring 12 min to reach 45 °C and achieving a 94.98 % unloading efficiency. Together, the coupled simulations and prototype trials demonstrate improved thermal response and reduced preheating time relative to earlier designs. These findings highlight the value of DEM‑guided design optimization for enhancing heat‑transfer performance in VSP systems and provide a scalable framework for improving the pasteurization of low‑moisture food grains.
{"title":"Simulating and optimizing the performance of a pilot scale (115 L) vacuum steam pasteurizer using discrete element method analysis","authors":"Marlon Galad, Niloy Sarker, Sulaymon Eshkabilov, Zhulu Lin, Ewumbua Monono","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preheating performance in vacuum steam pasteurizers (VSPs) is strongly governed by grain mixing behavior, which controls convective heat transfer and overall energy efficiency. Accurately simulating, designing, and operating effective mixing and heat‑transfer conditions under vacuum remains challenging. Therefore, this study integrates computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) to optimize the internal geometry and operating parameters of a pilot‑scale VSP chamber. Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was selected as the model grain, and a spheropolyhedron representation was adopted to capture its faceted yet rounded morphology. The particle model was calibrated to match an experimental angle of repose of 23.4° using 50 corners, a corner smoothness of 0.2, and a rolling resistance of 0.35. A 3 ³ factorial DEM study evaluated the effects of baffle count (10, 15, 20), baffle angle (20°, 25°, 30°), and rotational speed (12, 18, 24 rpm) on particle distribution and unloading efficiency. The optimal configuration—10 baffles set at 20° and a rotational speed of 18 rpm—produced uniform particle dispersion and a 96.74 % unloading efficiency. Subsequent CFD–DEM coupling predicted that 50 kg of wheat would reach 45 °C after 6.5 min of preheating with hot air at 100 °C. A pilot chamber fabricated using the optimized geometry was experimentally validated, requiring 12 min to reach 45 °C and achieving a 94.98 % unloading efficiency. Together, the coupled simulations and prototype trials demonstrate improved thermal response and reduced preheating time relative to earlier designs. These findings highlight the value of DEM‑guided design optimization for enhancing heat‑transfer performance in VSP systems and provide a scalable framework for improving the pasteurization of low‑moisture food grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.021
Tianyi Su , Xingyun Gao , Yuanyuan Ma , Zhijun Zhang
Microwave heating is a widely used efficient heating method. However, processing multiple specimens in a microwave oven leads to distinct heating performance due to differences in their properties. In this study, a validated theoretical model incorporating electromagnetic fields, heat and mass transfer, and phase change was used to investigate the effects of sample properties, such as shape, volume, location, and material, on the heating performance of two-specimen combinations with different properties. Quantitative indices, including the coefficients of variation of the electric field (COVE) and temperature (COVT), the relative energy absorption ratio (ABR), and the average temperature, were employed to evaluate heating performance. The results indicated that ellipsoid- and sphere-shaped adjacent objects enhance energy absorption in the target specimen but result in less uniform electric and temperature distributions. When the target specimen was located on the left-hand side, increasing the volume of the adjacent object reduced the COVE of the target specimen in 73–86 % of the sample combinations. In contrast, when the target specimen was on the right-hand side, the COVE increased in 53 % of the combinations with increasing adjacent object volume. The target on the left-hand side tended to absorb more energy but exhibited poorer uniformity in electric and temperature distributions. Furthermore, during the initial heating period, the material of the target specimen had a more significant influence on heating performance than that of the adjacent object. This comprehensive analysis of specimen properties provides actionable guidance for designing two-sample combinations in microwave heating processes.
{"title":"Impact of differently-shaped adjacent object on microwave heating uniformity and energy efficiency of multiple specimens","authors":"Tianyi Su , Xingyun Gao , Yuanyuan Ma , Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave heating is a widely used efficient heating method. However, processing multiple specimens in a microwave oven leads to distinct heating performance due to differences in their properties. In this study, a validated theoretical model incorporating electromagnetic fields, heat and mass transfer, and phase change was used to investigate the effects of sample properties, such as shape, volume, location, and material, on the heating performance of two-specimen combinations with different properties. Quantitative indices, including the coefficients of variation of the electric field (COVE) and temperature (COVT), the relative energy absorption ratio (ABR), and the average temperature, were employed to evaluate heating performance. The results indicated that ellipsoid- and sphere-shaped adjacent objects enhance energy absorption in the target specimen but result in less uniform electric and temperature distributions. When the target specimen was located on the left-hand side, increasing the volume of the adjacent object reduced the COVE of the target specimen in 73–86 % of the sample combinations. In contrast, when the target specimen was on the right-hand side, the COVE increased in 53 % of the combinations with increasing adjacent object volume. The target on the left-hand side tended to absorb more energy but exhibited poorer uniformity in electric and temperature distributions. Furthermore, during the initial heating period, the material of the target specimen had a more significant influence on heating performance than that of the adjacent object. This comprehensive analysis of specimen properties provides actionable guidance for designing two-sample combinations in microwave heating processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 47-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017
Anna Mengozzi , Paula Quinteiro , Francesca Bot , Marta Ferreira Dias , Fernando Reis , Emma Chiavaro
European policies target reduced packaging waste and increased recycling by 2030. While paper-based options offer potential recyclability, cured meats pose challenges due to the multi-material packaging required for their extended shelf-life. This study evaluates the environmental and economic sustainability of three packaging systems, i.e. plastic multi-material (MM), paper-based (PA) and a hybrid plastic and paper-based packaging (HY) for sliced cooked ham, considering both direct and indirect effects through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The functional unit was one packaging unit containing 100 g of sliced cooked ham. The MM was the most environmentally sustainable overall, as its longer shelf-life reduced food waste. The HY system had the highest environmental impact, mainly due to its shorter shelf-life and the environmental burden of combining paper and plastic. Paper-based systems had a lower environmental impact when focusing solely on the packaging life cycle due to paper’s recyclability and lower production burden. Considering the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the three packaging, while PA and HY systems delivered marginally lower direct unit costs than MM, it retained the smallest share of value lost as waste per gram (0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % (HY) and 0.177 % (PA)), confirming its higher economic robustness alongside its environmental lead. The study underscores the complexity of evaluating food packaging systems and highlights the importance of enhancing barrier properties in paper-based packaging to reduce waste. It advocates for a holistic design approach that prioritizes material selection, recyclability, and shelf-life extension, emphasizing that shelf-life is a critical factor in LCA.
欧洲的政策目标是到2030年减少包装废物并增加回收利用。虽然纸质产品具有潜在的可回收性,但腌肉由于需要多种材料包装才能延长保质期,因此面临挑战。本研究评估了三种包装系统的环境和经济可持续性,即塑料多材料(MM),纸基(PA)和混合塑料和纸基包装(HY),通过生命周期评估(LCA)方法考虑直接和间接影响。功能单元是一个包装单元,包含100 g切片熟火腿。总的来说,MM是最环保的,因为它的保质期更长,减少了食物浪费。HY系统的环境影响最大,主要是由于其保质期较短以及纸与塑料结合的环境负担。由于纸张的可回收性和较低的生产负担,当只关注包装生命周期时,基于纸张的系统对环境的影响较低。考虑到三种包装的技术经济分析(TEA),虽然PA和HY系统的直接单位成本略低于MM,但它保留了每克浪费的最小价值损失份额(0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % (HY)和0.177 % (PA)),证实了其更高的经济稳定性和环境领先地位。该研究强调了评估食品包装系统的复杂性,并强调了提高纸质包装的阻隔性能以减少浪费的重要性。它提倡整体设计方法,优先考虑材料选择,可回收性和保质期延长,强调保质期是LCA的关键因素。
{"title":"Packaging for cured meat: An environmental assessment of plastic multi-material and paper-based solutions","authors":"Anna Mengozzi , Paula Quinteiro , Francesca Bot , Marta Ferreira Dias , Fernando Reis , Emma Chiavaro","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European policies target reduced packaging waste and increased recycling by 2030. While paper-based options offer potential recyclability, cured meats pose challenges due to the multi-material packaging required for their extended shelf-life. This study evaluates the environmental and economic sustainability of three packaging systems, i.e. plastic multi-material (MM), paper-based (PA) and a hybrid plastic and paper-based packaging (HY) for sliced cooked ham, considering both direct and indirect effects through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The functional unit was one packaging unit containing 100 g of sliced cooked ham. The MM was the most environmentally sustainable overall, as its longer shelf-life reduced food waste. The HY system had the highest environmental impact, mainly due to its shorter shelf-life and the environmental burden of combining paper and plastic. Paper-based systems had a lower environmental impact when focusing solely on the packaging life cycle due to paper’s recyclability and lower production burden. Considering the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the three packaging, while PA and HY systems delivered marginally lower direct unit costs than MM, it retained the smallest share of value lost as waste per gram (0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % (HY) and 0.177 % (PA)), confirming its higher economic robustness alongside its environmental lead. The study underscores the complexity of evaluating food packaging systems and highlights the importance of enhancing barrier properties in paper-based packaging to reduce waste. It advocates for a holistic design approach that prioritizes material selection, recyclability, and shelf-life extension, emphasizing that shelf-life is a critical factor in LCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purification of sinapic acid (SA) from mustard bran hydrolysate through a membrane filtration-adsorption chromatography combined process was developed in this work. Ultrafiltration (UF) treatment (UH030, 30 kDa, 1.4 bar) successfully removed 98 % proteins without influencing SA content. Nanofiltration (NF) treatment (NP010, 1 kDa, 10 bar) removed most solutes larger than 300 Da while allowing 85 % of SA to pass into the permeate. UF or NF alone resulted in 2–3 times increase in SA purity, yet neither process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate. UF coupled with XAD16 adsorption concentrated SA by 13-fold and increased its purity 40-fold to 20 % w/w (74 % recovery). NF combined with adsorption concentrated SA by 17-fold and increased its purity 110-fold to 55 % w/w (60 % recovery). The purified fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activity. This work has demonstrated that the combined process of membrane filtration and adsorption chromatography is promising for the purification of SA from agro-industrial by-product streams.
{"title":"Recovery of sinapic acid from mustard bran enzymatic hydrolysate combining membrane filtration and adsorption chromatography","authors":"Ying Yan , Marwen Moussa , Morad Chadni , Abdouramane Dosso , Emilie Isidore , Violaine Athès , Claire Fargues","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purification of sinapic acid (SA) from mustard bran hydrolysate through a membrane filtration-adsorption chromatography combined process was developed in this work. Ultrafiltration (UF) treatment (UH030, 30 kDa, 1.4 bar) successfully removed 98 % proteins without influencing SA content. Nanofiltration (NF) treatment (NP010, 1 kDa, 10 bar) removed most solutes larger than 300 Da while allowing 85 % of SA to pass into the permeate. UF or NF alone resulted in 2–3 times increase in SA purity, yet neither process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate. UF coupled with XAD16 adsorption concentrated SA by 13-fold and increased its purity 40-fold to 20 % w/w (74 % recovery). NF combined with adsorption concentrated SA by 17-fold and increased its purity 110-fold to 55 % w/w (60 % recovery). The purified fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activity. This work has demonstrated that the combined process of membrane filtration and adsorption chromatography is promising for the purification of SA from agro-industrial by-product streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.016
Christian Golla , Tobias Hanisch , Christiane Drechsel , Susann Zahn , Marc Mauermann
In chocolate processing plants, cleaning with water-based cleaning agents is not possible since when in contact with water, sugar and milk powder within the chocolate agglomerate which causes blocking of the plants. Common elastomere-based cleaning pigs pose the risk of contaminating through abrasion and have specific design requirements. Research is now focusing on using highly concentrated sugar-in-oil suspensions as flexible cleaning pigs. The rheology of these suspensions is complex, allowing for various compositions. This study presents a simulative pre-design of these pigs using the volume-of-fluid method, targeting challenging components like L-bow pipes and continuous expansions. Simulations systematically varied the rheological properties of the pig-suspension in terms of the Bingham number (–) and the Reynolds number (–). The massflows investigated were . Strong shear-thinning behavior emerged as crucial for creating cohesive pigs with effective cleaning capabilities. No correlation with yield stress was found when the pig was flowable, although values in range were investigated. The tested parameter combinations did not achieve satisfactory contour adaptivity for pigs during continuous expansion. The resulting residual soil layers on the walls and the proportion of soil in the outlet mass flow were up to lower than in the reference rinsing process.
{"title":"CFD-investigation of suspension-based pigs in chocolate processing plants","authors":"Christian Golla , Tobias Hanisch , Christiane Drechsel , Susann Zahn , Marc Mauermann","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In chocolate processing plants, cleaning with water-based cleaning agents is not possible since when in contact with water, sugar and milk powder within the chocolate agglomerate which causes blocking of the plants. Common elastomere-based cleaning pigs pose the risk of contaminating through abrasion and have specific design requirements. Research is now focusing on using highly concentrated sugar-in-oil suspensions as flexible cleaning pigs. The rheology of these suspensions is complex, allowing for various compositions. This study presents a simulative pre-design of these pigs using the volume-of-fluid method, targeting challenging components like L-bow pipes and continuous expansions. Simulations systematically varied the rheological properties of the pig-suspension in terms of the Bingham number (<span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>–<span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) and the Reynolds number (<span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>–<span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). The massflows investigated were <span><math><mrow><mn>90</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>180</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>360</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>kg/h</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Strong shear-thinning behavior emerged as crucial for creating cohesive pigs with effective cleaning capabilities. No correlation with yield stress was found when the pig was flowable, although values in range <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>2000</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>Pa</mtext></mrow></math></span> were investigated. The tested parameter combinations did not achieve satisfactory contour adaptivity for pigs during continuous expansion. The resulting residual soil layers on the walls and the proportion of soil in the outlet mass flow were up to <span><math><mrow><mtext>50</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> lower than in the reference rinsing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.013
Chun Wang , Hailin Kui , Jindai Liu , Zizheng Hu , Xiangyu Liu
In the hazelnut shelling process, issues such as low shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate occur due to inappropriate mechanical structure design, working parameter settings, and difficulties in observing the dynamic response characteristics of hazelnuts. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation can effectively address these challenges, with simulation model accuracy being crucial. This study established a hollow hazelnut model based on the virtual-physical surface conversion method, Bonding V2 and Meta-Particle model. Contact and bonding parameters of hazelnuts were calibrated through repose tests and uniaxial compression tests using the steepest climbing test and Box-Behnken test. Results showed that when restitution coefficient between hazelnuts was 0.249, static friction coefficient was 0.346, and rolling friction coefficient was 0.018, the relative error of repose angle was only 2.52 %. When normal stiffness per unit area was 4.013 × 1012 N/m3, shear stiffness per unit area was 4.144 × 1012 N/m3, normal strength was 2.402 × 109 Pa, shear strength was 4.353 × 108 Pa, and bonded disk scale was 0.869, the relative error of fracture force was 1.48 % and stiffness relative error was 1.27 %. The established model and calibrated parameters accurately reflected the contact and mechanical properties of hazelnuts, providing theoretical support for structural optimization of hazelnut shelling machinery.
{"title":"Establishment and parameter calibration of hazelnut crushing modeling based on DEM","authors":"Chun Wang , Hailin Kui , Jindai Liu , Zizheng Hu , Xiangyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the hazelnut shelling process, issues such as low shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate occur due to inappropriate mechanical structure design, working parameter settings, and difficulties in observing the dynamic response characteristics of hazelnuts. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation can effectively address these challenges, with simulation model accuracy being crucial. This study established a hollow hazelnut model based on the virtual-physical surface conversion method, Bonding V2 and Meta-Particle model. Contact and bonding parameters of hazelnuts were calibrated through repose tests and uniaxial compression tests using the steepest climbing test and Box-Behnken test. Results showed that when restitution coefficient between hazelnuts was 0.249, static friction coefficient was 0.346, and rolling friction coefficient was 0.018, the relative error of repose angle was only 2.52 %. When normal stiffness per unit area was 4.013 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup>, shear stiffness per unit area was 4.144 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup>, normal strength was 2.402 × 10<sup>9</sup> Pa, shear strength was 4.353 × 10<sup>8</sup> Pa, and bonded disk scale was 0.869, the relative error of fracture force was 1.48 % and stiffness relative error was 1.27 %. The established model and calibrated parameters accurately reflected the contact and mechanical properties of hazelnuts, providing theoretical support for structural optimization of hazelnut shelling machinery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.015
Srinithi Muthuraman, Jon Palmer, Steve Flint
Pseudomonads are robust biofilm formers in psychrotrophic temperatures, which can cause spoilage in dairy, poultry, and meat processing. This study screened eleven isolates for the biofilm-forming ability using the Congo Red Assay (CRA) and the crystal violet assay. Two isolates, 3SM and 20SM, showed significantly higher EPS production, cellulose synthesis and cell count at 4ºC and were selected for the enzymatic dispersion. Mature biofilms formed on the stainless-steel surface for 72 h at 4°C were treated with laboratory enzymes (Proteinase-K, Cellulase, and DNase I) and commercial enzymes (formulated cleaners, EnduroZyme, DualZyme, and TriZyme). Compared to laboratory enzymes, commercial enzymes were efficient in dispersing the biofilms (EnduroZyme- 62 %, DualZyme- 42 %, and TriZyme-32 % of biofilm removal), which was confirmed by cell counts, crystal violet assay, and microscopic observations. However, none of the treatments resulted in complete biofilm dispersion. These findings highlight the resilience of psychrotrophic pseudomonad biofilms and underscore the need for improved enzymatic strategies tailored for cold-chain environments.
{"title":"Enzymatic dispersion of pseudomonad biofilms grown at psychrotrophic temperature","authors":"Srinithi Muthuraman, Jon Palmer, Steve Flint","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudomonads are robust biofilm formers in psychrotrophic temperatures, which can cause spoilage in dairy, poultry, and meat processing. This study screened eleven isolates for the biofilm-forming ability using the Congo Red Assay (CRA) and the crystal violet assay. Two isolates, 3SM and 20SM, showed significantly higher EPS production, cellulose synthesis and cell count at 4ºC and were selected for the enzymatic dispersion. Mature biofilms formed on the stainless-steel surface for 72 h at 4°C were treated with laboratory enzymes (Proteinase-K, Cellulase, and DNase I) and commercial enzymes (formulated cleaners, EnduroZyme, DualZyme, and TriZyme). Compared to laboratory enzymes, commercial enzymes were efficient in dispersing the biofilms (EnduroZyme- 62 %, DualZyme- 42 %, and TriZyme-32 % of biofilm removal), which was confirmed by cell counts, crystal violet assay, and microscopic observations. However, none of the treatments resulted in complete biofilm dispersion. These findings highlight the resilience of psychrotrophic pseudomonad biofilms and underscore the need for improved enzymatic strategies tailored for cold-chain environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"155 ","pages":"Pages 179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.012
R. Murcek , E. Fuchs , J.F. Mauer , M. Finster , M. Mauermann
Submersion-based cleaning methods such as ultrasonic cleaning and pressure flooding are frequently used in industrial cleaning processes. Nevertheless, these approaches exhibit limitations in effectively cleaning difficult-to-reach areas, including holes and grooves, necessitating enhanced methods to improve cleaning performance in such regions. A fluid injector based on the bionic model of the pistol shrimp was developed to generate cavitation jets and it was used for industry-related experimental studies. For this purpose, spot and surface cleaning tests were carried out for flat and complex geometries with a food test model soil. In particular, the influence of the nozzle distance to the surface, the variation of the pulsation parameters and the influence of swelling on cleaning were taken into account. The results were compared with conventional ultrasonic cleaning, whereby it was shown that better cleaning and higher efficiency can be achieved by using immerged cavitation jets. A significant cleaning effect on the surface was measurable up to a nozzle distance of 20 mm. Furthermore, the cleaning time for flat test plates (100 mm×100 mm) could be reduced by more than half compared to conventional ultrasonic cleaning. Nevertheless, it also showed that the new system is only able to clean complex geometries such as drill holes to a limited extent.
{"title":"Innovative cleaning system with movable cavitation nozzle based on the hunting behaviour of the pistol shrimp","authors":"R. Murcek , E. Fuchs , J.F. Mauer , M. Finster , M. Mauermann","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submersion-based cleaning methods such as ultrasonic cleaning and pressure flooding are frequently used in industrial cleaning processes. Nevertheless, these approaches exhibit limitations in effectively cleaning difficult-to-reach areas, including holes and grooves, necessitating enhanced methods to improve cleaning performance in such regions. A fluid injector based on the bionic model of the pistol shrimp was developed to generate cavitation jets and it was used for industry-related experimental studies. For this purpose, spot and surface cleaning tests were carried out for flat and complex geometries with a food test model soil. In particular, the influence of the nozzle distance to the surface, the variation of the pulsation parameters and the influence of swelling on cleaning were taken into account. The results were compared with conventional ultrasonic cleaning, whereby it was shown that better cleaning and higher efficiency can be achieved by using immerged cavitation jets. A significant cleaning effect on the surface was measurable up to a nozzle distance of 20 mm. Furthermore, the cleaning time for flat test plates (100 mm×100 mm) could be reduced by more than half compared to conventional ultrasonic cleaning. Nevertheless, it also showed that the new system is only able to clean complex geometries such as drill holes to a limited extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"155 ","pages":"Pages 189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}