Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.001
Maxime Touffet , Isabelle Déléris , Jeroen Bokhove
This study explores the moisture sorption and diffusion behavior of pelleted animal feed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) experiments and physically based modeling. Sorption and desorption isotherms were measured at various temperatures and fitted using a Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model. The isosteric heats of sorption and desorption were derived from temperature-dependent isotherms, showing higher values at low moisture contents due to strong water–solid interactions, and converging toward the heat of vaporization of pure water at higher moisture levels. Moisture diffusion coefficients were extracted from kinetic data using a finite difference model that accounts for both internal diffusion and external convective mass transfer. The diffusion coefficients exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on water content and followed Arrhenius-type behavior with temperature. Convective mass transfer coefficients were estimated using a Sherwood-based correlation and validated against experimental data. The mass transfer Biot number analysis highlighted the importance of including both resistances in transport models in dynamic vapor sorption experiments. These findings provide a framework for accurately characterizing moisture transport in porous materials and optimizing drying process and storage in the animal feed industry.
{"title":"Moisture sorption and diffusion in pelleted animal feed","authors":"Maxime Touffet , Isabelle Déléris , Jeroen Bokhove","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the moisture sorption and diffusion behavior of pelleted animal feed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) experiments and physically based modeling. Sorption and desorption isotherms were measured at various temperatures and fitted using a Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model. The isosteric heats of sorption and desorption were derived from temperature-dependent isotherms, showing higher values at low moisture contents due to strong water–solid interactions, and converging toward the heat of vaporization of pure water at higher moisture levels. Moisture diffusion coefficients were extracted from kinetic data using a finite difference model that accounts for both internal diffusion and external convective mass transfer. The diffusion coefficients exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on water content and followed Arrhenius-type behavior with temperature. Convective mass transfer coefficients were estimated using a Sherwood-based correlation and validated against experimental data. The mass transfer Biot number analysis highlighted the importance of including both resistances in transport models in dynamic vapor sorption experiments. These findings provide a framework for accurately characterizing moisture transport in porous materials and optimizing drying process and storage in the animal feed industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 474-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.003
Shangwu Li , Minxia Li , Xiaolin Cao , Mengdi Guo , Chaobin Dang
Low-temperature and high-humidity thawing exhibits remarkable refreshing properties and serves as a critical technology for precisely controlling thawing quality in the food industry. However, it involves a complex multi-physics coupling phenomenon of moist-air convection, ice crystal melting, and deformation, making it difficult for traditional experimental methods to fully elucidate the interaction among heat transfer, mass transfer, and deformation. Therefore, a simulation method with thermo-hydro-mechanical bidirectional coupling is developed. Firstly, a water storage function is introduced to establish the mass transfer correlation between moist-air convection and ice crystal melting. A regional modeling strategy is developed to characterize key physical parameters. Additionally, the heat and mass transfer fluxes caused by deformation realize thermo-hydro-mechanical bidirectional coupling. The results show that the root mean square error of temperature prediction is below 1℃, and the coefficient of determination exceeds 0.91. Subsequently, during the early thawing, temperature and humidity gradients cause volume expansion. The bidirectional coupling effect is further strengthened in the phase-change stage. Secondly, high-humidity conditions facilitate a more uniform stress distribution, and phase-change stress is the primary driving force for volume deformation. Finally, the comparison between the thermo-hydro model and thermo-hydro-mechanical model reveals that deformation promotes heat and mass transfer during thawing process. This study provides a reliable mathematical framework for optimizing thawing process and for achieving precise control of thawing quality.
{"title":"A simulation method with thermo-hydro-mechanical bidirectional coupling for low-temperature and high-humidity thawing","authors":"Shangwu Li , Minxia Li , Xiaolin Cao , Mengdi Guo , Chaobin Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature and high-humidity thawing exhibits remarkable refreshing properties and serves as a critical technology for precisely controlling thawing quality in the food industry. However, it involves a complex multi-physics coupling phenomenon of moist-air convection, ice crystal melting, and deformation, making it difficult for traditional experimental methods to fully elucidate the interaction among heat transfer, mass transfer, and deformation. Therefore, a simulation method with thermo-hydro-mechanical bidirectional coupling is developed. Firstly, a water storage function is introduced to establish the mass transfer correlation between moist-air convection and ice crystal melting. A regional modeling strategy is developed to characterize key physical parameters. Additionally, the heat and mass transfer fluxes caused by deformation realize thermo-hydro-mechanical bidirectional coupling. The results show that the root mean square error of temperature prediction is below 1℃, and the coefficient of determination exceeds 0.91. Subsequently, during the early thawing, temperature and humidity gradients cause volume expansion. The bidirectional coupling effect is further strengthened in the phase-change stage. Secondly, high-humidity conditions facilitate a more uniform stress distribution, and phase-change stress is the primary driving force for volume deformation. Finally, the comparison between the thermo-hydro model and thermo-hydro-mechanical model reveals that deformation promotes heat and mass transfer during thawing process. This study provides a reliable mathematical framework for optimizing thawing process and for achieving precise control of thawing quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 619-638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.013
Chaoying Qiu , Dechu Chen , Yasi Yu , Yee Ying Lee , Chin Ping Tan , Yong Wang
Lipid nanoparticulate systems are efficient as active carriers with tailorable interfacial, crystallization profiles. In this study, medium−long chain diacylglycerol (MLCD)−based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were constructed for curcumin (Cur) delivery to enhance its oral bioavailability and their Pickering stabilizing effects were evaluated. Cur−SLNs and NLCs stabilized by different surfactants, were prepared with particle sizes ranging from 148 to 305 nm. The nanoparticles were taken up by Caco-2 cells through clathrin and caveolae mediated endocytosis pathway, with the uptake efficiency of the NLCs being 2.25 −3.94 fold higher than that of free Cur. The nanoparticles effectively inhibited the LPS−induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells, resulting in a 60 % reduction in NO secretion. Furthermore, these SLNs/NLCs were utilized as Pickering stabilizers for water−in−oil (W/O) emulsions co−loaded with hydrophobic curcumin and hydrophilic NaCl. These emulsions demonstrated slow−release performance (78.23 −96.12 % retention) after 4 weeks storage and exhibited tunable rheological properties. The interfacial particles effectively acted as a solid shell, impeding the release of internal phase compounds. The Ritger−Peppas model offered the best fit for the release profiles of all Cur−loaded lipid formulations. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the fabrication and application of lipid nanoparticles and Pickering emulsions as a multifunctional delivery system.
{"title":"W/O Pickering emulsion co-delivery systems stabilized by diacylglycerol nanocarriers and cellular uptake evaluation","authors":"Chaoying Qiu , Dechu Chen , Yasi Yu , Yee Ying Lee , Chin Ping Tan , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid nanoparticulate systems are efficient as active carriers with tailorable interfacial, crystallization profiles. In this study, medium−long chain diacylglycerol (MLCD)−based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were constructed for curcumin (Cur) delivery to enhance its oral bioavailability and their Pickering stabilizing effects were evaluated. Cur−SLNs and NLCs stabilized by different surfactants, were prepared with particle sizes ranging from 148 to 305 nm. The nanoparticles were taken up by Caco-2 cells through clathrin and caveolae mediated endocytosis pathway, with the uptake efficiency of the NLCs being 2.25 −3.94 fold higher than that of free Cur. The nanoparticles effectively inhibited the LPS−induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells, resulting in a 60 % reduction in NO secretion. Furthermore, these SLNs/NLCs were utilized as Pickering stabilizers for water−in−oil (W/O) emulsions co−loaded with hydrophobic curcumin and hydrophilic NaCl. These emulsions demonstrated slow−release performance (78.23 −96.12 % retention) after 4 weeks storage and exhibited tunable rheological properties. The interfacial particles effectively acted as a solid shell, impeding the release of internal phase compounds. The Ritger−Peppas model offered the best fit for the release profiles of all Cur−loaded lipid formulations. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the fabrication and application of lipid nanoparticles and Pickering emulsions as a multifunctional delivery system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.004
Nikoletta Solomakou, Anastasia Kyriakoudi, Ioannis Mourtzinos, Athanasia M. Goula
Olive oil processing generates substantial quantities of olive mill wastewater (OMW). While numerous strategies have been applied for treating OMW, achieving efficient phenol removal remains a challenge. Coffee production also yields large volumes of residues; therefore, this study investigates the prospective application of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as an economical and sustainable biosorbent for OMW treatment. Building on earlier work using untreated SCG, the current study evaluates how physical and chemical (methanol, sodium hydroxide) activation affects its adsorption performance. In addition, a new activation method based on coating with a natural agent, milk proteins, was studied. Findings indicate that SCG activation notably enhances its adsorption capacity. The most pronounced increase in adsorption efficiency was observed following thermal activation of SCG at 250 °C. All chemical activation methods led to improved adsorption performance, achieving adsorption efficiencies of up to 60 %. Adsorption enhancement was linked to modifications in the SCG surface structure and functional groups. The research contributes novel insight into eco-friendly biosorbent development, highlighting milk protein-coated SCG as a “green” alternative to conventional activation techniques. The above findings support the design of sustainable and cost-efficient approaches for the treatment of phenol-rich effluents such as OMW.
{"title":"Activation of spent coffee grounds for the recovery of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater","authors":"Nikoletta Solomakou, Anastasia Kyriakoudi, Ioannis Mourtzinos, Athanasia M. Goula","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olive oil processing generates substantial quantities of olive mill wastewater (OMW). While numerous strategies have been applied for treating OMW, achieving efficient phenol removal remains a challenge. Coffee production also yields large volumes of residues; therefore, this study investigates the prospective application of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as an economical and sustainable biosorbent for OMW treatment. Building on earlier work using untreated SCG, the current study evaluates how physical and chemical (methanol, sodium hydroxide) activation affects its adsorption performance. In addition, a new activation method based on coating with a natural agent, milk proteins, was studied. Findings indicate that SCG activation notably enhances its adsorption capacity. The most pronounced increase in adsorption efficiency was observed following thermal activation of SCG at 250 °C. All chemical activation methods led to improved adsorption performance, achieving adsorption efficiencies of up to 60 %. Adsorption enhancement was linked to modifications in the SCG surface structure and functional groups. The research contributes novel insight into eco-friendly biosorbent development, highlighting milk protein-coated SCG as a “green” alternative to conventional activation techniques. The above findings support the design of sustainable and cost-efficient approaches for the treatment of phenol-rich effluents such as OMW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 220-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safe and efficient processing of plant-based bioproducts increasingly relies on process-intensified and automated operations. In this work, for the first time a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based flow platform was engineered for fully automated extraction and quantification of key bioactive classes, polysaccharides and polyphenolic antioxidants in functional plant materials. Arctium lappa L. root was used as a representative food-grade matrix. The system integrates ultrasound-assisted extraction in a thermostated manifold, in-syringe colour development, and on-line UV-Vis detection, followed by HPLC-UV profiling of polyphenols from the same DES extract. Among seven tested DES formulations, choline chloride-ethylene glycol was selected as the optimal medium. Process intensification was achieved by tuning the DES hydration level and by statistical optimisation of temperature and extraction time using response surface methodology, yielding 10.5 mg g−1 of polysaccharides at 65 °C and 40 min. Molecular dynamics simulations provided quantitative insight into polysaccharide-DES interactions and demonstrated that moderate hydration preserves the eutectic structure while enhancing molecular mobility, rationalizing the experimentally observed maximum at 30 wt% water. The automated procedure was validated for β-glucan and inulin, showing excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9972–0.9976), low limits of detection (0.0008–0.012 mg g−1), high recoveries (98–99 %) and good precision (RSD ≤ 4.7 %). Compared with methanol extraction, the DES-based process delivered higher recoveries of polyphenolic antioxidants. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of burdock root and other cereal matrices (oat grass, pearl flour), showing excellent agreement with a standard enzymatic reference method. Greenness assessment using the AGREE tool confirmed reduced solvent consumption, limited waste generation and improved operator safety. The proposed platform extends the boundaries of food and bioproducts processing by combining green solvent design, process intensification and automation for routine characterisation of functional plant bioproducts.
{"title":"Process-intensified deep eutectic solvent-based flow platform for fully automated quantification of polysaccharides and polyphenols in functional plant bioproducts","authors":"Tatiana Bochko , Ksenia Smirnova , Tamal Banerjee , Anoop Kishore Vatti , Andrey Shishov","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safe and efficient processing of plant-based bioproducts increasingly relies on process-intensified and automated operations. In this work, for the first time a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based flow platform was engineered for fully automated extraction and quantification of key bioactive classes, polysaccharides and polyphenolic antioxidants in functional plant materials. <em>Arctium lappa L.</em> root was used as a representative food-grade matrix. The system integrates ultrasound-assisted extraction in a thermostated manifold, in-syringe colour development, and on-line UV-Vis detection, followed by HPLC-UV profiling of polyphenols from the same DES extract. Among seven tested DES formulations, choline chloride-ethylene glycol was selected as the optimal medium. Process intensification was achieved by tuning the DES hydration level and by statistical optimisation of temperature and extraction time using response surface methodology, yielding 10.5 mg g<sup>−1</sup> of polysaccharides at 65 °C and 40 min. Molecular dynamics simulations provided quantitative insight into polysaccharide-DES interactions and demonstrated that moderate hydration preserves the eutectic structure while enhancing molecular mobility, rationalizing the experimentally observed maximum at 30 wt% water. The automated procedure was validated for β-glucan and inulin, showing excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9972–0.9976), low limits of detection (0.0008–0.012 mg g<sup>−1</sup>), high recoveries (98–99 %) and good precision (RSD ≤ 4.7 %). Compared with methanol extraction, the DES-based process delivered higher recoveries of polyphenolic antioxidants. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of burdock root and other cereal matrices (oat grass, pearl flour), showing excellent agreement with a standard enzymatic reference method. Greenness assessment using the AGREE tool confirmed reduced solvent consumption, limited waste generation and improved operator safety. The proposed platform extends the boundaries of food and bioproducts processing by combining green solvent design, process intensification and automation for routine characterisation of functional plant bioproducts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 422-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.018
Newton C. Santos , Raphael L.J. Almeida , Luanna A. da Silva , Thalis L.B. de Lima , Mateus de O. Leite , Joelma P.G. Cruz , Raquel A. de L. Dias , Virgínia M. de A. Silva , Severina de Sousa , Silvia N.R. de Araújo , Victor H. de A. Ribeiro , Adelino de M.G. Diórgenes , Josivanda P. Gomes , Ana P.T. Rocha
The valorization of agro-industrial residues through process intensification strategies offers a sustainable route for generating functional ingredients. This study evaluated the effects of different pretreatments (sodium carbonate solution (SCP), ethanol (ETP), blanching (BP), and ultrasound (USP)) on drying (70 °C), nutritional composition, phenolic profile, and bioactive stability of potato peel powder. As a value-added product, the resulting powder can be applied in food formulations as a natural antioxidant source and fiber-rich ingredient. In terms of processing, USP and ETP significantly reduced drying time compared to the control (270 min), reaching 210 min (USP) and 240 min (ETP). These treatments also increased the drying rate (USP = 0.408 g·g⁻¹·min⁻¹; ETP = 0.451 g·g⁻¹·min⁻¹) and the effective moisture diffusivity (USP = 4.12 ×10⁻¹⁰ m²·s⁻¹; ETP = 3.35 ×10⁻¹⁰ m²·s⁻¹), values up to six times higher than the control (7.22 ×10⁻¹¹ m²·s⁻¹). From a compositional perspective, the powder retained relevant levels of proteins (14.53–15.20 %), lipids (0.90–1.56 %), and minerals (8.02–9.20 %), highlighting their nutritional potential. HPLC analysis identified 21 phenolic compounds, with emphasis on catechin, epicatechin gallate, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid. DSC analysis confirmed greater thermal stability of the samples treated with USP (ΔH = 28.09 J/g) and SCP (ΔH = 25.11 J/g), suggesting greater applicability of the powder in processes involving heating. During 180 days of storage at 20 °C and 85 % relative humidity, the pretreatments significantly reduced losses of bioactive compounds (≈12–15 %) compared to the control (-34.5 %). Overall, the results confirm that USP not only improved drying efficiency but also increased the retention of phenolic compounds and storage stability. The study demonstrates that integrating pretreatments with the drying route is a promising process intensification strategy to transform potato residues into stable, high-value-added functional ingredients.
{"title":"Valorization of potato waste via pretreatments and drying: enhancement of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and stability for sustainable applications","authors":"Newton C. Santos , Raphael L.J. Almeida , Luanna A. da Silva , Thalis L.B. de Lima , Mateus de O. Leite , Joelma P.G. Cruz , Raquel A. de L. Dias , Virgínia M. de A. Silva , Severina de Sousa , Silvia N.R. de Araújo , Victor H. de A. Ribeiro , Adelino de M.G. Diórgenes , Josivanda P. Gomes , Ana P.T. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of agro-industrial residues through process intensification strategies offers a sustainable route for generating functional ingredients. This study evaluated the effects of different pretreatments (sodium carbonate solution (SCP), ethanol (ETP), blanching (BP), and ultrasound (USP)) on drying (70 °C), nutritional composition, phenolic profile, and bioactive stability of potato peel powder. As a value-added product, the resulting powder can be applied in food formulations as a natural antioxidant source and fiber-rich ingredient. In terms of processing, USP and ETP significantly reduced drying time compared to the control (270 min), reaching 210 min (USP) and 240 min (ETP). These treatments also increased the drying rate (USP = 0.408 g·g⁻¹·min⁻¹; ETP = 0.451 g·g⁻¹·min⁻¹) and the effective moisture diffusivity (USP = 4.12 ×10⁻¹⁰ m²·s⁻¹; ETP = 3.35 ×10⁻¹⁰ m²·s⁻¹), values up to six times higher than the control (7.22 ×10⁻¹¹ m²·s⁻¹). From a compositional perspective, the powder retained relevant levels of proteins (14.53–15.20 %), lipids (0.90–1.56 %), and minerals (8.02–9.20 %), highlighting their nutritional potential. HPLC analysis identified 21 phenolic compounds, with emphasis on catechin, epicatechin gallate, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid. DSC analysis confirmed greater thermal stability of the samples treated with USP (ΔH = 28.09 J/g) and SCP (ΔH = 25.11 J/g), suggesting greater applicability of the powder in processes involving heating. During 180 days of storage at 20 °C and 85 % relative humidity, the pretreatments significantly reduced losses of bioactive compounds (≈12–15 %) compared to the control (-34.5 %). Overall, the results confirm that USP not only improved drying efficiency but also increased the retention of phenolic compounds and storage stability. The study demonstrates that integrating pretreatments with the drying route is a promising process intensification strategy to transform potato residues into stable, high-value-added functional ingredients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 367-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.009
Susanne Höhne , Petra Uhlmann , Vincent Eisenrauch , Sebastian Jacob , Carolin Böhm , Hannes Kettner , Eva Bittrich , Enrico Fuchs , Jens-Peter Majschak , Marc Mauermann
In industrial parts cleaning and metal processing, there are currently no filmic model soiling’s that make it possible to generate homogeneous soiling films independent of geometry. However, this is essential for defined and reproducible cleaning tests. Polymer based coatings can close this gap. In the work presented here, a suitable optimised copolymer with carboxy groups as adhesive groups was developed and investigated for this application purpose. The polymer's cleaning behaviour, and therefore its adhesion, is adapted to that of a reference soiling. A fluorescent dye was attached to the polymer for subsequent detection and a dipping process was developed for the defined application of the copolymer. Comprehensive layer characterisation and systematic cleaning tests using ultrasound proved the reproducibility and uniformity of the generated layers. The residual layers of the polymer after each cleaning step could be quantified both by means of ellipsometry on smooth substrates and by measuring the fluorescence intensity. The process was extended to complex three-dimensional geometries and tested on cleaning systems in an industrial environment in order to validate the applicability, practicability, and efficiency of the developed method. The results show that the selected polymer concept provides a promising solution for the production of a uniform model soiling in component cleaning.
{"title":"Adhesion-adapted polymer coating systems as filmic model systems for homogeneous geometry-independent surface coating for cleaning analyses","authors":"Susanne Höhne , Petra Uhlmann , Vincent Eisenrauch , Sebastian Jacob , Carolin Böhm , Hannes Kettner , Eva Bittrich , Enrico Fuchs , Jens-Peter Majschak , Marc Mauermann","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2026.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In industrial parts cleaning and metal processing, there are currently no filmic model soiling’s that make it possible to generate homogeneous soiling films independent of geometry. However, this is essential for defined and reproducible cleaning tests. Polymer based coatings can close this gap. In the work presented here, a suitable optimised copolymer with carboxy groups as adhesive groups was developed and investigated for this application purpose. The polymer's cleaning behaviour, and therefore its adhesion, is adapted to that of a reference soiling. A fluorescent dye was attached to the polymer for subsequent detection and a dipping process was developed for the defined application of the copolymer. Comprehensive layer characterisation and systematic cleaning tests using ultrasound proved the reproducibility and uniformity of the generated layers. The residual layers of the polymer after each cleaning step could be quantified both by means of ellipsometry on smooth substrates and by measuring the fluorescence intensity. The process was extended to complex three-dimensional geometries and tested on cleaning systems in an industrial environment in order to validate the applicability, practicability, and efficiency of the developed method. The results show that the selected polymer concept provides a promising solution for the production of a uniform model soiling in component cleaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 610-618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023
Felicitas Aselmeyer, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl
Micro structured equipment is prone to fouling and consequently micro components are often excluded as soon as fouling-prone fluids are present. With the availability of suitable cleaning strategies, the specific advantages of micro structured equipment could be exploited on a broader range. To investigate the transferability as well as differences and similarities of cleaning in macro and microscale components, cleaning tests of whey protein isolate based hydrogels are carried out in a flow channel with a one-dimensional micro structure. Initial results show the possibility of transferring well-established cleaning strategies from the macro to the microscale and allow the access to scaling-related phenomena. New methods were established such as the ability to quantify the changeable flow velocity during cleaning in microscale, as well as the quantification of the cleaning rate with temporal and local resolution via image analysis. The respective results are used for cleaning modelling with the model parameters serving as a criterion for tracking scaling-related phenomena. The geometry of a channel indicates a contrasting impact on cleaning performance, with regard to a reduction in channel height. Although a narrowing of the cross-flow section due to swelling of the hydrogels could lead to possible partial blockage, which significantly reduces cleaning rate, thus increases cleaning time. However, the narrowing of the cross-flow section also increases flow velocity and thus improves the cleaning rate, consequently leading to an improved cleaning performance.
{"title":"Scaling-related phenomena during cleaning protein based soils in micro structured equipment","authors":"Felicitas Aselmeyer, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro structured equipment is prone to fouling and consequently micro components are often excluded as soon as fouling-prone fluids are present. With the availability of suitable cleaning strategies, the specific advantages of micro structured equipment could be exploited on a broader range. To investigate the transferability as well as differences and similarities of cleaning in macro and microscale components, cleaning tests of whey protein isolate based hydrogels are carried out in a flow channel with a one-dimensional micro structure. Initial results show the possibility of transferring well-established cleaning strategies from the macro to the microscale and allow the access to scaling-related phenomena. New methods were established such as the ability to quantify the changeable flow velocity during cleaning in microscale, as well as the quantification of the cleaning rate with temporal and local resolution via image analysis. The respective results are used for cleaning modelling with the model parameters serving as a criterion for tracking scaling-related phenomena. The geometry of a channel indicates a contrasting impact on cleaning performance, with regard to a reduction in channel height. Although a narrowing of the cross-flow section due to swelling of the hydrogels could lead to possible partial blockage, which significantly reduces cleaning rate, thus increases cleaning time. However, the narrowing of the cross-flow section also increases flow velocity and thus improves the cleaning rate, consequently leading to an improved cleaning performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022
Marlon Galad, Niloy Sarker, Sulaymon Eshkabilov, Zhulu Lin, Ewumbua Monono
Preheating performance in vacuum steam pasteurizers (VSPs) is strongly governed by grain mixing behavior, which controls convective heat transfer and overall energy efficiency. Accurately simulating, designing, and operating effective mixing and heat‑transfer conditions under vacuum remains challenging. Therefore, this study integrates computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) to optimize the internal geometry and operating parameters of a pilot‑scale VSP chamber. Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was selected as the model grain, and a spheropolyhedron representation was adopted to capture its faceted yet rounded morphology. The particle model was calibrated to match an experimental angle of repose of 23.4° using 50 corners, a corner smoothness of 0.2, and a rolling resistance of 0.35. A 3 ³ factorial DEM study evaluated the effects of baffle count (10, 15, 20), baffle angle (20°, 25°, 30°), and rotational speed (12, 18, 24 rpm) on particle distribution and unloading efficiency. The optimal configuration—10 baffles set at 20° and a rotational speed of 18 rpm—produced uniform particle dispersion and a 96.74 % unloading efficiency. Subsequent CFD–DEM coupling predicted that 50 kg of wheat would reach 45 °C after 6.5 min of preheating with hot air at 100 °C. A pilot chamber fabricated using the optimized geometry was experimentally validated, requiring 12 min to reach 45 °C and achieving a 94.98 % unloading efficiency. Together, the coupled simulations and prototype trials demonstrate improved thermal response and reduced preheating time relative to earlier designs. These findings highlight the value of DEM‑guided design optimization for enhancing heat‑transfer performance in VSP systems and provide a scalable framework for improving the pasteurization of low‑moisture food grains.
{"title":"Simulating and optimizing the performance of a pilot scale (115 L) vacuum steam pasteurizer using discrete element method analysis","authors":"Marlon Galad, Niloy Sarker, Sulaymon Eshkabilov, Zhulu Lin, Ewumbua Monono","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preheating performance in vacuum steam pasteurizers (VSPs) is strongly governed by grain mixing behavior, which controls convective heat transfer and overall energy efficiency. Accurately simulating, designing, and operating effective mixing and heat‑transfer conditions under vacuum remains challenging. Therefore, this study integrates computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) to optimize the internal geometry and operating parameters of a pilot‑scale VSP chamber. Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was selected as the model grain, and a spheropolyhedron representation was adopted to capture its faceted yet rounded morphology. The particle model was calibrated to match an experimental angle of repose of 23.4° using 50 corners, a corner smoothness of 0.2, and a rolling resistance of 0.35. A 3 ³ factorial DEM study evaluated the effects of baffle count (10, 15, 20), baffle angle (20°, 25°, 30°), and rotational speed (12, 18, 24 rpm) on particle distribution and unloading efficiency. The optimal configuration—10 baffles set at 20° and a rotational speed of 18 rpm—produced uniform particle dispersion and a 96.74 % unloading efficiency. Subsequent CFD–DEM coupling predicted that 50 kg of wheat would reach 45 °C after 6.5 min of preheating with hot air at 100 °C. A pilot chamber fabricated using the optimized geometry was experimentally validated, requiring 12 min to reach 45 °C and achieving a 94.98 % unloading efficiency. Together, the coupled simulations and prototype trials demonstrate improved thermal response and reduced preheating time relative to earlier designs. These findings highlight the value of DEM‑guided design optimization for enhancing heat‑transfer performance in VSP systems and provide a scalable framework for improving the pasteurization of low‑moisture food grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017
Anna Mengozzi , Paula Quinteiro , Francesca Bot , Marta Ferreira Dias , Fernando Reis , Emma Chiavaro
European policies target reduced packaging waste and increased recycling by 2030. While paper-based options offer potential recyclability, cured meats pose challenges due to the multi-material packaging required for their extended shelf-life. This study evaluates the environmental and economic sustainability of three packaging systems, i.e. plastic multi-material (MM), paper-based (PA) and a hybrid plastic and paper-based packaging (HY) for sliced cooked ham, considering both direct and indirect effects through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The functional unit was one packaging unit containing 100 g of sliced cooked ham. The MM was the most environmentally sustainable overall, as its longer shelf-life reduced food waste. The HY system had the highest environmental impact, mainly due to its shorter shelf-life and the environmental burden of combining paper and plastic. Paper-based systems had a lower environmental impact when focusing solely on the packaging life cycle due to paper’s recyclability and lower production burden. Considering the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the three packaging, while PA and HY systems delivered marginally lower direct unit costs than MM, it retained the smallest share of value lost as waste per gram (0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % (HY) and 0.177 % (PA)), confirming its higher economic robustness alongside its environmental lead. The study underscores the complexity of evaluating food packaging systems and highlights the importance of enhancing barrier properties in paper-based packaging to reduce waste. It advocates for a holistic design approach that prioritizes material selection, recyclability, and shelf-life extension, emphasizing that shelf-life is a critical factor in LCA.
欧洲的政策目标是到2030年减少包装废物并增加回收利用。虽然纸质产品具有潜在的可回收性，但腌肉由于需要多种材料包装才能延长保质期，因此面临挑战。本研究评估了三种包装系统的环境和经济可持续性，即塑料多材料（MM），纸基（PA）和混合塑料和纸基包装（HY），通过生命周期评估（LCA）方法考虑直接和间接影响。功能单元是一个包装单元，包含100 g切片熟火腿。总的来说，MM是最环保的，因为它的保质期更长，减少了食物浪费。HY系统的环境影响最大，主要是由于其保质期较短以及纸与塑料结合的环境负担。由于纸张的可回收性和较低的生产负担，当只关注包装生命周期时，基于纸张的系统对环境的影响较低。考虑到三种包装的技术经济分析（TEA），虽然PA和HY系统的直接单位成本略低于MM，但它保留了每克浪费的最小价值损失份额(0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % （HY）和0.177 % (PA))，证实了其更高的经济稳定性和环境领先地位。该研究强调了评估食品包装系统的复杂性，并强调了提高纸质包装的阻隔性能以减少浪费的重要性。它提倡整体设计方法，优先考虑材料选择，可回收性和保质期延长，强调保质期是LCA的关键因素。
{"title":"Packaging for cured meat: An environmental assessment of plastic multi-material and paper-based solutions","authors":"Anna Mengozzi , Paula Quinteiro , Francesca Bot , Marta Ferreira Dias , Fernando Reis , Emma Chiavaro","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbp.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European policies target reduced packaging waste and increased recycling by 2030. While paper-based options offer potential recyclability, cured meats pose challenges due to the multi-material packaging required for their extended shelf-life. This study evaluates the environmental and economic sustainability of three packaging systems, i.e. plastic multi-material (MM), paper-based (PA) and a hybrid plastic and paper-based packaging (HY) for sliced cooked ham, considering both direct and indirect effects through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The functional unit was one packaging unit containing 100 g of sliced cooked ham. The MM was the most environmentally sustainable overall, as its longer shelf-life reduced food waste. The HY system had the highest environmental impact, mainly due to its shorter shelf-life and the environmental burden of combining paper and plastic. Paper-based systems had a lower environmental impact when focusing solely on the packaging life cycle due to paper’s recyclability and lower production burden. Considering the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the three packaging, while PA and HY systems delivered marginally lower direct unit costs than MM, it retained the smallest share of value lost as waste per gram (0.135 % (MM) vs 0.144 % (HY) and 0.177 % (PA)), confirming its higher economic robustness alongside its environmental lead. The study underscores the complexity of evaluating food packaging systems and highlights the importance of enhancing barrier properties in paper-based packaging to reduce waste. It advocates for a holistic design approach that prioritizes material selection, recyclability, and shelf-life extension, emphasizing that shelf-life is a critical factor in LCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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