Field Crops Research最新文献_第8页

Minimizing cropland GHG emissions while maintaining nutrient surplus within planetary boundaries in China 在中国减少耕地温室气体排放的同时保持养分过剩

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110298

Haiyan Wang , Tingyao Cai , Zhong Chen , Qingsong Zhang , Yingcheng Wang , Zhengyuan Liang , Junhao Wang , Qi Miao , Huifang Zheng , Zihan Wang , Yulong Yin , Zhenling Cui

Context

Navigating the trade-offs between food production and environmental sustainability has become increasingly challenging in the context of accelerating climate change in China. A key question is whether the highly heterogeneous spatial patterns of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses across croplands can be mitigated to remain within county-level planetary boundaries while maintaining sustainable food production.

Objective

This study aims to minimize cropland GHG emissions in China through an integrated strategy that combines improved management, optimized cropland redistribution, and dietary shifts, while keeping N and P surpluses within county-level planetary boundaries and ensuring sustained food production.

Methods

We downscaled the planetary boundaries for GHG emissions and nutrient surpluses to county level based on population and cropland, and freshwater resources allocations. Then, we evaluated the mitigation potential of improved management (informed by the national farm survey), crop redistribution (using linear programming), and dietary shifts (50 % Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016)), both individually and in combination.

Results and conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the integrated strategy could reduce GHG emissions, N surplus, P surplus, and arable land area by 55 %, 62 %, 67 %, and 54 %, respectively, compared with the current status. Furthermore, this strategy would enable approximately 53 % of China’s counties to remain within the planetary boundaries for GHG emissions as well as N and P surpluses, which accounts for around 60 % of the total adjusted sowing area. The mitigation potential exhibits pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with Southeast China and the Yangtze River Basin experiencing the greatest reductions. However, even under the integrated strategy, 932 counties still exceed the planetary boundaries for P surplus, underscoring persistent challenges. Despite socio-economic and cultural constraints, achieving synergistic reductions in environmental impacts and remaining within multiple planetary boundaries at the county scale holds significant promise.

Significance

This study provides a practical and scalable pathway for mitigating agricultural environmental pressures while supporting sustainable production, particularly in smallholder-dominated systems. The insights offer valuable guidance for other developing countries, such as India and African nations, seeking to reconcile rising food demand with the need to remain within Earth’s safe operating space.

在中国气候变化加速的背景下，如何权衡粮食生产与环境可持续性之间的关系变得越来越具有挑战性。一个关键问题是，是否可以缓解农田间温室气体排放（GHG）和氮(N)、磷(P)过剩的高度异质性空间格局，使其保持在县级地球边界内，同时保持可持续的粮食生产。本研究旨在通过一项综合战略，将改善管理、优化耕地再分配和饮食转变相结合，同时将氮和磷盈余保持在县级范围内，并确保可持续的粮食生产，从而最大限度地减少中国耕地温室气体排放。方法基于人口、耕地和淡水资源配置，将温室气体排放和养分盈余的地球边界缩小到县一级。然后，我们分别评估了改善管理（根据全国农场调查提供的信息）、作物再分配（使用线性规划）和饮食转变（50% 中国居民膳食指南（2016））的缓解潜力。结果与结论研究结果表明，综合对策可使温室气体排放量、氮富余、磷富余和耕地面积分别减少55 %、62 %、67 %和54 %。此外，这一战略将使中国约53. %的县保持在温室气体排放和氮磷盈余的地球边界内，约占调整后总播种面积的60% %。减缓潜力表现出明显的空间异质性，东南地区和长江流域的减缓潜力最大。然而，即使在综合战略下，仍有932个国家超过了全球P盈余的界限，突显了持续的挑战。尽管存在社会经济和文化方面的限制，但在县一级实现协同减少环境影响和保持在多个地球边界内的目标是大有希望的。本研究为减轻农业环境压力，同时支持可持续生产，特别是在小农占主导地位的系统中，提供了一条实用且可扩展的途径。这些见解为其他发展中国家，如印度和非洲国家，提供了有价值的指导，它们寻求在不断增长的粮食需求与保持在地球安全运行空间内的需要之间进行协调。

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引用次数: 0

Global meta-analysis and machine learning show that long-term green manure planting in areas with insufficient fertility produces higher grain yields by enhancing soil health 全球荟萃分析和机器学习表明，在肥力不足的地区长期种植绿肥可以通过提高土壤健康来提高粮食产量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110323

Peng Wu , Qi Wu , Jinyu Yu , Zihui Zhang , Hua Huang , Enke Liu , Kemoh Bangura , Xingli Huo , Haotian Wu , Zhikuan Jia , Peng Zhang , Guangxin Zhang , Jianfu Xue , Chuangyun Wang , Zhiqiang Gao

Context

Green manure (GM) can potentially increase crop yields by enhancing the soil properties to solve the contradiction between soil degradation and food security. However, the effects of GM on the soil properties and crop yields in variable environments, and the relationships between them remain unclear, and the key factors need to be identified. Moreover, global prediction are lacking of the effects of GM on crop yields.

Objectives and methods

Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis using 5125 pairs of data observations to study the overall effects of GM and environmental variability on the soil properties and subsequent crop yields, and to establish their relationships by introducing the soil quality index (SQI). In addition, we used a machine learning model to predict the global changes in SQI and the yields of maize, wheat, and rice under GM.

Results

GM significantly increased the soil C, N, P, and K contents, and enzyme activities by 5.34–40.02 %, 8.81–32.39 %, 4.54–10.02 %, 1.18–8.74 %, and 9.49–19.76 %, respectively, increasing SQI by 16.96 %. The fundamental physical and chemical features of soil, duration of GM application, and climatic conditions significantly affected the improvements in the soil properties under GM. The initial total nitrogen (TN) content of the soil and duration of GM application were the two main factors associated with the effect of GM on SQI. When the initial soil TN content was lower than 0.75 g kg^–1 and the GM application duration exceeded 15 years, SQI increased by 26.60 % and 19.94 %, respectively. GM significantly increased SQI by enhancing the soil properties to eventually increase the crop yield by 3.48 %. GM duration was the most important factor associated with the crop yield, and GM significantly increased the crop yield by 18.72 % when the duration exceeded 15 years. However, when the application duration is less than 5 years, the increase is only 2.10 %. The global machine learning model predicted that GM can potentially increase the SQI and crop yield by 23.98 % and 6.35 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Therefore, we conclude that applying GM as a green fertilization strategy can increase crop yields by enhancing SQI, and its effects on increasing yields are greater in areas with insufficient soil fertility and long-term planting.

Implication

This study highlights the importance of GM for farmland production. SQI was used to establish the relationship between soil quality and crop productivity, and we predicted the potential of GM for improving the global SQI and crop yields.

背景绿肥可以通过改善土壤性质来提高作物产量，解决土壤退化与粮食安全之间的矛盾。然而，在不同的环境下，转基因对土壤性质和作物产量的影响以及它们之间的关系尚不清楚，需要确定关键因素。此外，全球预测缺乏转基因对作物产量的影响。为此，本研究利用5125对数据观测数据进行meta分析，研究转基因和环境变异对土壤性质和作物后续产量的总体影响，并通过引入土壤质量指数（SQI）建立两者之间的关系。结果转基因显著提高了土壤C、N、P、K含量和酶活性，分别提高了5.34 ~ 40.02 %、8.81 ~ 32.39 %、4.54 ~ 10.02 %、1.18 ~ 8.74 %和9.49 ~ 19.76 %，使SQI提高了16.96 %。土壤基本理化特征、施用时间和气候条件对转基因处理下土壤性状的改善有显著影响，土壤初始全氮含量和施用时间是影响SQI的两个主要因素。当土壤TN初始含量低于0.75 g kg-1且施用时间超过15年时，SQI分别增加26.60% %和19.94% %。转基因通过改善土壤性质显著提高SQI，最终使作物产量提高3.48 %。转基因持续时间是影响作物产量的最重要因素，当转基因持续时间超过15年时，作物产量显著提高18.72% %。然而，当申请期限少于5年时，增幅仅为2.10% %。全球机器学习模型预测，转基因可能使SQI和作物产量分别提高23.98 %和6.35 %。结论转基因作为绿色施肥策略可通过提高SQI来提高作物产量，且在土壤肥力不足且长期种植的地区增产效果更明显。本研究强调了转基因对农田生产的重要性。利用土壤质量指数（SQI）建立了土壤质量与作物生产力之间的关系，并预测了转基因在改善全球土壤质量指数和作物产量方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Trade-offs and synergies among soil salinity, water use efficiency, and yield under subsurface drip irrigation: Evidence from a global meta-analysis 地下滴灌下土壤盐分、水分利用效率和产量之间的权衡和协同作用：来自全球荟萃分析的证据

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110315

Peng Zhang , Qilin He , Dongli She

Soil salinization poses a major challenge to irrigation efficiency by intensifying upward evaporative fluxes and promoting salt accumulation in the root zone, thereby impairing water use efficiency (WUE) and crop yield. Subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), compared to surface drip irrigation (SDI), has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these constraints, but its effectiveness across diverse environmental and management settings is still unclear. We synthesized evidence from 61 field experiments conducted in arid and semi-arid regions on major dryland crops (e.g., cotton, maize, and wheat) and found that SSDI reduced soil salinity by 3.6 % while increasing WUE and yield by 15.0 % and 9.9 %, respectively, indicating a practically meaningful improvement in irrigation productivity under water-limited, salinity-prone conditions. These benefits were more pronounced in salt-tolerant crops, especially under arid conditions with sandy soils and high evaporative demand. However, rising irrigation water salinity weakened the desalinization effect but further enhanced the relative gains in WUE and yield. System design and management practices strongly influenced outcomes. Deep burial (>25 cm), surface mulching, and full to moderate irrigation quotas optimized performance. While desalination effects tended to diminish after 2–3 years, improvements in WUE and yield were sustained over time. However, SSDI adoption may be constrained by higher installation and maintenance requirements, and sustained management is likely necessary to maintain system performance and salinity control over the long term. Overall, yield gains under SSDI were primarily mediated by enhanced WUE rather than direct salinity reduction. These findings provide quantitative guidance for designing and managing SSDI systems under saline and water-limited conditions.

土壤盐渍化加剧了向上的蒸发通量，促进了根区盐的积累，从而降低了水分利用效率和作物产量，对灌溉效率构成了重大挑战。与地表滴灌（SDI）相比，地下滴灌（SSDI）被认为是缓解这些限制的一种策略，但其在不同环境和管理环境中的有效性尚不清楚。我们综合了在干旱和半干旱地区对主要旱地作物（如棉花、玉米和小麦）进行的61项田间试验的证据，发现SSDI使土壤盐度降低了3.6% %，同时使水分利用效率和产量分别提高了15.0% %和9.9 %，这表明在水资源有限、盐碱化容易的条件下，灌溉生产力有了实际意义的提高。这些效益在耐盐作物中更为明显，特别是在沙质土壤和高蒸发需要量的干旱条件下。而灌溉水盐度的升高削弱了脱盐效果，但进一步提高了水分利用效率和产量的相对增益。系统设计和管理实践对结果有很大影响。深埋（25 cm）、地表覆盖和充分到适度的灌溉定额优化了性能。虽然海水淡化的效果在2-3年后趋于减弱，但用水效率和产量的改善却随着时间的推移而持续。然而，SSDI的采用可能会受到更高的安装和维护要求的限制，并且可能需要持续的管理来长期保持系统性能和盐度控制。总体而言，SSDI下的产量增加主要是通过提高水分利用效率而不是直接降低盐度来实现的。这些发现为在盐水和限水条件下设计和管理SSDI系统提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0

Five years of re-ploughing of grass cultivation (Elymus nutans) in the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau proves to management measure: An eddy covariance-based analysis 青藏高原东部牧草复耕5年的实证管理措施：基于涡动相关方差的分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110314

Fuquan He , Dongdong Chen , Qi Li , Caiyun Luo , Yukun Zhang , Li Zhang , Zongjian Zhao , Liang Zhao

<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Cultivated grasslands developed via advanced agronomic practices serve as a critical source of supplementary feed and high-quality forage for animal husbandry. <em>Elymus nutans</em>, the most ecologically versatile and widely cultivated forage grass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QZP), is highly prized for its exceptional forage quality and sustained high yields.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to assess the dynamic in forage yield, carbon (C) sequestration, resource utilization efficiency, physiological parameters, and economic income of <em>Elymus nutans</em> over a 5-year planting cycle in cultivated grasslands of the eastern QZP from 2012 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An eddy covariance flux tower equipped with a full suite of meteorological sensors was established on the cultivated grassland to assess the high-frequency ecosystem-level exchanges of CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and biometeorological parameters. Meanwhile, forage bio-physical parameters, including above-ground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI), were measured during the growing season (May–September). The flux data were processed, quality-checked, gap-filled, and partitioned to construct seamless time-series of daily flux for further analysis of its dynamics, photosynthetic responses, and derived eco-physiological parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that within 5-year planting cycle, the gross primary productivity (GPP) displayed a unimodal pattern, reaching their peak in the third year at 823.87 ± 97.54 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ . Meanwhile, C uptake period and the maximum daily GPP jointly accounted for 83 % of the variation in GPP. The AGB initially increased and then stabilized, reaching a peak of 665.17 ± 84.83 g/m² in the second year. The LAI followed similar unimodal patterns, with peaks in the second year at 2.18 ± 0.67 m²/m². Regarding resource use efficiency, C use efficiency remained relatively stable at 0.04 ± 0.013, while water use efficiency and light use efficiency displayed unimodal dynamics. Physiological parameters (apparent quantum yield, <em>α</em>; maximum carboxylation rate, <em>P</em>max; daytime ecosystem respiration rate, <em>R</em>d) all showed unimodal changes, with peak values observed in the second year. Over five years, <em>Elymus nutans</em> grasslands produced 2.73 t/ha seeds and 19 t/ha forage, generating CNY 43,894.75 in economic income. They also sequestered 6.64 t/ha CO₂, corresponding to a C trading value of CNY 453.51.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results confirm that a 5-year reploughing regime for <em>Elymus nutans</em> grasslands represents a viable strategy to sustain forage yields, maintain C sink functionality, secure economic income, and optimize resource utilization. This study provides critical empirical support and a strategic framework for the adaptive management and sustainable development of perennial cultivated grassl

通过先进的农艺实践开发的人工草地是畜牧业补充饲料和优质牧草的重要来源。羊草（Elymus nutans）是青藏高原上生态用途最广、种植最广泛的牧草，因其卓越的牧草品质和持续的高产而受到高度重视。目的研究2012 - 2022年青藏高原东部栽培草地5年种植周期内羊草牧草产量、碳(C)固存、资源利用效率、生理参数和经济收入的动态变化。方法在人工草地上建立配备全套气象传感器的涡动相关通量塔，对生态系统级CO2、H2O和生物气象参数的高频交换进行评估。同时，在生长季节（5 - 9月）测定牧草地上生物量（AGB）和叶面积指数（LAI）等生物物理参数。对通量数据进行处理、质量检查、填补空白和分割，构建无缝的日通量时间序列，以进一步分析其动态、光合响应和衍生的生态生理参数。结果5年种植周期内，总初级生产力（GPP）呈现单峰模式，在第3年达到高峰，为823.87 ± 97.54 g C m⁻²yr⁻¹ 。同时，碳吸收期和最大日GPP共同占GPP变化的83% %。AGB先升高后稳定，第二年达到峰值665.17 ± 84.83 g/m²。LAI也有类似的单峰模式，第二年峰值为2.18 ± 0.67 m²/m²。资源利用效率方面，碳利用效率相对稳定在0.04 ± 0.013，水利用效率和光利用效率呈现单峰动态变化。生理参数（表观量子产率α、最大羧化速率Pmax、白天生态系统呼吸速率Rd）均呈现单峰变化，并在第二年达到峰值。五年间，羊草草场种子产量2.73 t/ hm2，饲料产量19 t/ hm2，经济收入43894.75元。每公顷二氧化碳排放量为6.64吨，碳交易价值为453.51元。结论羊草草地5年复育是维持草料产量、保持碳汇功能、确保经济收入和优化资源利用的可行策略。本研究为青藏高原多年生草地的适应性管理和可持续发展提供了重要的实证支持和战略框架。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing soil characteristics and hybrid machine learning for interpretable potato yield prediction: A study with satin-bowerbird optimization and deep neural network 利用土壤特征和混合机器学习进行可解释马铃薯产量预测：基于缎-园丁鸟优化和深度神经网络的研究

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110311

Masoud Karbasi , Gurjit S. Randhawa , Aitazaz A. Farooque , Mumtaz Ali , Mehdi Jamei , Khabat Khosravi , Hassan Afzal , Anurag Malik , Qamar U. Zaman

Context

Yield forecasting is crucial to the agricultural planning enterprise, such as input control, farm logistics and reduction of economic risks. The soils in the Maritime provinces of Canada have a great difference in their properties which affect the productivity of crops. Such variability requires a strong prediction model that could address the different characteristics of soil.

Objective

This research proposal is expected to establish a stable potato yield prediction model based on the soil property data of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island and determine whether the application of optimization techniques with deep learning can enhance the prediction accuracy over the conventional machine learning approach.

Methods

Soil samples were taken at eight experimental sites in the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, with 18 soil properties being captured. The feature selection techniques were used to create three input scenarios (Comb1, Comb2, Comb3). To optimize the selection of input variables, a hybrid prediction model, DNN-SBO (Deep Neural Network -Satin Bowerbird Optimization), was suggested and refined with the Boruta feature selection and Best Subset Regression-WASPAS. The performance of the model was tested in comparison with Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR), Elastic Net, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), on the evaluation metrics of Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The model interpretability was done using SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanation) analysis.

Results and Conclusions

Comb2 was the best input scenario that consisted of Total Base Saturation, Sulfur, Magnesium, Potash, Aluminum, Zinc, Phosphate, Manganese, Organic Matter, Iron, and Copper. DNN-SBO model had the best predictive power with R= 0.903 (train) and RMSE= 4.165 t/ha and MAPE= 6.766 % and R= 0.853(test) and RMSE= 5.522 t/ha and MAPE= 9.707 %. The SHAP analysis has shown that Iron was the most significant predictor (mean SHAP = +5.49), next was Copper, Zinc, Phosphorus, and Organic Matter.

Significance

The paper sheds light on the promise of deep learning that is based on bio-inspired optimization and feature selection techniques in order to achieve a significant increase in crop yield prediction. The findings can lead to the wider use of the similar methods in precision agriculture, which will result in smarter and data-driven farming in variably soiled areas.

产量预测对农业规划企业的投入控制、农场物流和降低经济风险至关重要。加拿大沿海省份的土壤性质差别很大，影响着农作物的产量。这种可变性需要一个强大的预测模型，能够处理土壤的不同特征。目的基于新不伦瑞克省和爱德华王子岛省的土壤性质数据，建立马铃薯稳定产量预测模型，并确定应用深度学习优化技术是否能比传统的机器学习方法提高预测精度。方法在2017年和2018年的生长季节，在8个试验点采集土壤样品，获取18种土壤性质。使用特征选择技术创建三个输入场景（Comb1, Comb2, Comb3）。为了优化输入变量的选择，提出了一种混合预测模型DNN-SBO (Deep Neural Network -Satin Bowerbird Optimization)，并利用Boruta特征选择和最佳子集回归- waspas对其进行了改进。在相关系数(R)、均方根误差（RMSE）和平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）的评价指标上，与核脊回归（KRR）、弹性网络（Elastic Net）、k近邻回归（KNN）和支持向量回归（SVR）进行了比较。模型可解释性采用Shapley加性解释（Shapley Additive exPlanation）分析。结果与结论由总碱饱和度、硫、镁、钾、铝、锌、磷酸盐、锰、有机物、铁和铜组成的最佳输入方案为scomb2。DNN-SBO模型预测效果最佳，R= 0.903（训练），RMSE= 4.165 t/ha， MAPE= 6.766 %，R= 0.853（检验），RMSE= 5.522 t/ha， MAPE= 9.707 %。SHAP分析表明，铁是最显著的预测因子（平均SHAP = +5.49），其次是铜、锌、磷和有机质。本文揭示了基于生物启发优化和特征选择技术的深度学习的前景，以实现作物产量预测的显着提高。这一发现可能会导致在精准农业中更广泛地使用类似的方法，这将导致在不同污染地区更智能和数据驱动的农业。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term evidence that controlled-release urea enhances yield and soil fertility while mitigating environmental impacts in double-season rice 长期证据表明，控释尿素可提高双季稻产量和土壤肥力，同时减轻环境影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110321

Yifan Fu , Wei Yang , Meng Zhang , Xiangning Wu , Guodong Yang , Hongshun Xiang , Chanchan Du , Jinjuan Zhu , Chen Yang , Yunfan Wan , Shaobing Peng , Yu’e Li , Bin Wang , Shen Yuan

Context

Nitrogen (N) is essential for rice production but often exhibits low use efficiency and substantial environmental losses, especially in intensive double-season rice system. Resin-coated controlled-release urea (CRU) has the potential to better synchronize N release and crop demand; however, its long-term impacts on soil health, agronomic performance, and environmental outcomes remain insufficiently understood.

Objective

This study assessed the long-term effects of CRU compared to conventional urea (CK) on rice yield, soil properties, nutrient use efficiency, and environmental sustainability in double-season rice.

Methods

A 13-year field experiment (2012–2024) was conducted in central China with CRU and CK in both early and late-season rice. Measurements included soil physicochemical properties, yield and yield components. and nutrient uptake. Metrics such as partial factor productivity of fertilizer; physiological efficiency; nutrient harvest index, N balance; and carbon and N sequestrations were also calculated.

Results and discussion

Both treatments improved soil fertility over time, but CRU led to substantially greater gains – increasing soil organic carbon (+54.9 %), total N (+53.8 %), and total phosphorus (+27.0 %) relative to initial soil status. Compared to CK, CRU increased carbon and N sequestration by 17.6 % and 13.1 %, respectively; increased rice yields by 13.1 % in the early-season rice and 15.5 % in the late-season rice, driven by improvements in both source and sink capacity; increased total N, P, and K uptake by 21.0–22.9 %; and improved partial factor productivity of fertilizer by 13.2–15.5 %. Moreover, CRU reduced N surplus by 24.8–38.9 % and achieved a tighter alignment between N balance and yield, indicating simultaneous gains in crop productivity and environmental performance over CK.

Significance

This long-term study demonstrates that under the specific soil and climatic conditions tested, CRU-based N management enhances soil health, rice yield, and nutrient use efficiency, while reducing N losses and associated environmental risks. The findings provide robust evidence supporting CRU as a key technology for the sustainable intensification of rice production in intensive double-season rice system.

氮素对水稻生产至关重要，但氮素利用效率低，环境损失大，特别是在集约化双季稻体系中。树脂包膜控释尿素（CRU）具有更好地同步氮素释放和作物需求的潜力；然而，其对土壤健康、农艺性能和环境结果的长期影响仍未得到充分了解。目的研究与常规尿素（CK）相比，CRU对双季稻产量、土壤性质、养分利用效率和环境可持续性的长期影响。方法2012-2024年在华中地区进行了为期13年的早稻和晚稻CRU和CK田间试验。测量包括土壤理化性质、产量和产量组成。还有营养吸收。肥料部分要素生产率等指标；生理效率;养分收获指数，氮平衡；碳和氮的固存也被计算了出来。结果和讨论：随着时间的推移，两种处理都提高了土壤肥力，但CRU带来了更大的收益——相对于初始土壤状态，土壤有机碳（+54.9 %）、全氮（+53.8 %）和全磷（+27.0 %）增加。与对照相比，CRU分别增加了17.6 %和13. %的碳和氮固存；在源库能力提高的推动下，早稻产量提高13. %，晚稻产量提高15.5% %；总氮、磷、钾吸收量提高21.0 ~ 22.9% %；提高肥料部分要素生产率13.2 ~ 15.5 %。此外，CRU减少了24.8-38.9 %的氮素过剩，使氮素平衡与产量之间的关系更加紧密，表明与CK相比，作物生产力和环境绩效同时提高。这项长期研究表明，在特定的土壤和气候条件下，基于cru的氮素管理提高了土壤健康、水稻产量和养分利用效率，同时减少了氮素损失和相关的环境风险。研究结果为支持CRU技术作为集约化双季稻系统中水稻生产可持续集约化的关键技术提供了强有力的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Soil temperature and aeration modification using black plastic mulch to improve potato yield and water use efficiency 采用黑地膜对土壤温度和通气进行改良，提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110317

Kaijing Yang , Fengxin Wang , Jianyu Zhao , Clinton C. Shock , Youliang Zhang , Shaoyuan Feng , Xiaoyan Hou , Jiangjiang Han , Xiuxia Wu

Potato is a globally important crop and its high production requires suitable soil conditions, including temperate soil temperature and good aeration. To explore the effects of irrigation methods and mulching on soil temperature, soil aeration, tuber yield, and water use efficiency (WUE), four years of field experiments were conducted in an arid region of Northwest China in 2007, 2008, 2014 and 2015. Treatments consisted of one furrow irrigation treatment with transparent plastic mulching (FT) and three drip irrigation treatments with transparent film mulching (DT), black plastic film mulching (DB) and non-mulch (DN), respectively. The results showed that furrow-irrigated soil had higher temperature and poorer aeration than the corresponding drip-irrigated soil. The use of plastic mulch increased soil CO₂ concentration and decreased the soil oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) versus non-use of mulch. Transparent plastic mulch increased daily mean soil temperature throughout the growing season, while black plastic mulch increased soil temperature in the early and late growing season but reduced it during the tuber initiation and bulking stages. Specifically, daily mean soil temperature and CO₂ concentration were respectively about 1 °C and 40.4 % lower for DB than those for DT throughout the growing season. Furthermore, during the tuber initiation and bulking stages daily mean soil temperature in the 0–20 cm layer of DB was 0.2–3.7 °C lower than that of DN, but the CO₂ concentration did not differ, creating more favorable conditions for tuber growth. Potato yield under drip irrigation were 17 %–40 % and 21 %–40 % higher than under furrow irrigation in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Mean yield for mulched potato increased by 21 %–53 % compared to non-mulched potato and the corresponding WUEs improved by 12 %–59 %. Both yield and WUE were the highest in treatment DB among all treatments in 2007 and 2015. Consequently, drip irrigation with black plastic mulch was found to be an efficient agronomic approach to improve potato productivity and WUE by increasing soil temperature during early vegetative growth but decreasing soil temperature during tuber initiation and bulking with appropriate soil aeration.

马铃薯是全球重要作物，其高产需要适宜的土壤条件，包括温和的土壤温度和良好的通风。为探讨不同灌溉方式和覆盖方式对土壤温度、土壤通气性、块茎产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响，于2007年、2008年、2014年和2015年在西北干旱区进行了4年大田试验。处理包括1个透明地膜沟灌处理（FT）和3个透明地膜、黑地膜和无地膜滴灌处理（DN）。结果表明，沟灌土壤比滴灌土壤温度更高，通气性更差；与未覆盖相比，覆盖提高了土壤CO2浓度，降低了土壤氧扩散速率（ODR）。透明地膜覆盖提高了整个生长季的日平均土壤温度，黑色地膜覆盖提高了生长季前和后期的土壤温度，但在块茎萌发和膨大阶段降低了土壤温度。具体而言，在整个生长季节，DB的日平均土壤温度和CO2浓度分别比DT低约1 °C和40.4 %。在块茎萌发和膨大阶段，0 ~ 20 cm层土壤日平均温度比DN低0.2 ~ 3.7 °C，但CO2浓度差异不大，为块茎生长创造了更有利的条件。2007年和2008年滴灌马铃薯产量分别比沟灌增产17 % ~ 40 %和21 % ~ 40 %。覆盖马铃薯比不覆盖马铃薯平均产量提高21 % ~ 53 %，水分利用效率提高12 % ~ 59 %。2007年和2015年，DB处理的产量和水分利用效率均最高。因此，通过提高营养生长早期的土壤温度，并在适当的土壤通气条件下降低块茎形成和膨大阶段的土壤温度，黑色塑料覆盖滴灌是提高马铃薯生产力和水分利用效率的有效农艺方法。

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引用次数: 0

Improving rice yield, its stability, and nutrient use efficiency in sub-Saharan Africa using good agricultural practices 利用良好农业规范提高撒哈拉以南非洲地区的水稻产量、稳定性和养分利用效率

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110307

Thomas Awio , Louis Kouadio , Ali Ibrahim , Aina Andriatsiorimanana , Kazuki Saito , Kalimuthu Senthilkumar

Context

Increasing rice productivity is key to achieve rice self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where current consumption surpasses local production, mainly due to low yield associated with sub-optimal management practices. Good agricultural practices (GAPs) – considered as an integrated practices including soil, water, weed, pest, and disease management are critical in increasing farmers’ yields. However, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment of on-farm yield variation with GAPs across production systems and agroecological zones (AEZs) at the continental level.

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to (i) quantify yield variation with GAPs in three production systems and (ii) identify major production factors causing yield variation.

Methods

From 2013 – 2022, GAPs were tested on-farm in 987 fields across 34 sites in 20 SSA countries. Yield data from GAPs plots were compared with farmers’ yields obtained from an independent yield gap survey.

Results

Yield with GAPs varied significantly (p < 0.001) across production systems and AEZs. Mean yields were 5.1, 3.9, and 2.5 t ha^–1 in irrigated lowland (IL), rainfed lowland (RL), and rainfed upland (RU), respectively. Yield gain with GAPs averaged 0.7, 1.1 and 0.8 t ha^–1 in IL, RL and RU; and was smaller in sites having higher farmers’ yields. Overall, 78, 87 and 88 % of the GAPs plots in IL, RL and RU, respectively, had higher yields compared with farmers’ yields. GAPs significantly (p = 0.01) reduced yield variation across production systems by 25, 29 and 20 % in IL, RL and RU, respectively. N, P and K use efficiencies, defined as partial factor productivity (kg grain/kg nutrient applied), were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in IL (59, 153 and 151 kg grain/kg N, P and K, respectively), followed by RL (47, 123 and 129 kg grain/kg N, P and K) and lowest in RU (31, 81 and 80 kg grain/kg N, P and K), with positive correlations between yield and N, P and K use efficiencies. Across production systems and AEZs, bunding, levelling, basal N, P and K and total N rates were among the top ranked management practices influencing yield, where high yielding plots were associated with good levelling and bunding.

Conclusion

There is substantial potential to further increase productivity by improving on-farm management practices—particularly to enhance nutrient use efficiency—to close rice yield gaps across diverse production systems in SSA.

Significance

The study contributes to better understanding of the effect of GAPs on yield and yield variation, and production factors that influence yield variation at a large geographical area of SSA.

背景提高水稻生产力是撒哈拉以南非洲实现水稻自给自足的关键，该地区目前的消费量超过了当地产量，主要原因是与次优管理做法相关的低产量。良好农业规范（gap）——被视为包括土壤、水、杂草、病虫害管理在内的综合做法，对提高农民产量至关重要。然而，在大陆层面上，缺乏对生产系统和农业生态区（aez）之间存在差距的农场产量变化的综合评估。本研究的目的是(i)量化三个生产系统中gap的产量变化，（ii）确定导致产量变化的主要生产因素。方法从2013年到2022年，在20个SSA国家34个地点的987个农田中对gap进行了测试。将gap地块的产量数据与独立产量缺口调查获得的农民产量进行比较。结果不同生产系统和aez的gap产量差异显著（p <； 0.001）。灌溉低地（IL）、雨养低地（RL）和旱地（RU）的平均产量分别为5.1、3.9和2.5 t ha-1。IL、RL和RU的gap平均为0.7、1.1和0.8 t ha-1；在农民产量高的地方，面积更小。总体而言，与农民产量相比，白区、RL区和RU区分别有78%、87%和88%（ %）的gap地块产量较高。gap显著（p = 0.01）降低了不同生产系统中IL、RL和RU的产量差异，分别降低了25%、29%和20% %。氮、磷、钾利用效率，即部分要素生产率（kg粒/kg施养分），IL（分别为59、153和151 kg粒/kg N、P和K）显著（P <； 0.001）高，RL（分别为47、123和129 kg粒/kg N、P和K）次之，RU（31、81和80 kg粒/kg N、P和K）最低，产量与N、P和K利用效率呈正相关。在整个生产系统和经济专用区，捆绑、平整、基础氮、磷、钾和全氮水平是影响产量的最高管理措施，其中高产地块与良好的平整和捆绑相关。结论通过改进农场管理实践，特别是提高养分利用效率，进一步提高生产力，缩小SSA不同生产系统之间的水稻产量差距，具有巨大的潜力。意义本研究有助于更好地了解SSA大地理区域gap对产量和产量变化的影响，以及影响产量变化的生产因素。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of activated brackish water and nitrogen regulation on cotton habitat 活化微咸水及氮素调控对棉花生境的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110294

Xue Zhao , Quanjiu Wang , Yi Guo , Zongyu Li , Wanghai Tao , Xiaoxian Duan

Soil salinization and freshwater scarcity are among the primary constraints limiting sustainable agricultural development in arid and semi-arid regions. To improve irrigation water use efficiency and promote the rational utilization of brackish water resources, this study integrated field experiments with theoretical analysis in typical cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. It systematically investigated the effects of magnetic-electric activated brackish water applied via mulched drip irrigation on soil salinity distribution, cotton physiological growth parameters, yield and quality, and water-nitrogen use efficiency. The results demonstrated that: (1) Activated brackish water significantly reduced soil salinity in the cotton root zone, with decreases in root-zone salt content and total salt accumulation ranging from 9.46 % to 23.60 % and 3.42–50.91 %, respectively; (2) It markedly enhanced cotton growth and physiological performance, with improvements ranging from –4.35–55.15 % and 0.92–29.51 %, respectively; (3) Compared to untreated brackish water, the activated treatment increased seed cotton yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency by 1.52 %–58.91 % and 74.79 %–96.60 %, respectively; (4) Considering the synergistic effects of activated water and nitrogen application, the optimal management regime was identified as an irrigation quota of 4875 m³ /ha combined with a nitrogen application rate of 350 kg/ha. These findings provide a scientific basis for mitigating freshwater scarcity and controlling secondary soil salinization in saline-prone regions.

土壤盐渍化和淡水短缺是限制干旱半干旱地区农业可持续发展的主要制约因素之一。为提高灌溉用水效率，促进微咸水资源的合理利用，本研究以南疆典型棉田为研究样本，采用田间试验与理论分析相结合的方法。系统研究了膜下滴灌方式施用磁电活化微咸水对土壤盐分分布、棉花生理生长参数、产量品质和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：(1)活化微咸水显著降低了棉花根区土壤盐分，根区含盐量和总盐量分别降低9.46 % ~ 23.60 %和3.42 ~ 50.91 %；(2)显著促进了棉花生长和生理性能，改善幅度分别为- 4.35 ~ 55.15 %和0.92 ~ 29.51 %；(3)与未处理的苦咸水相比，活化处理籽棉产量和水氮利用效率分别提高了1.52 % ~ 58.91 %和74.79 % ~ 96.60 %；(4)考虑活化水和施氮的协同效应，确定了最优管理方案为灌溉定额4875 m³ /ha，施氮量350 kg/ha。这些发现为缓解盐碱化易发地区的淡水短缺和控制土壤二次盐渍化提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Meta-analysis of environmental-induced changes in optimal nitrogen rate of wheat at regional scale in China 中国区域尺度上环境对小麦最适施氮量变化的meta分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110295

Ying Meng , Xueqin Liu , Yue Li , Linghan Huang , Xu Tian , Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim , Kang Yu , Hainie Zha , Xiaojun Liu , Yongchao Tian , Yan Zhu , Weixing Cao , Qiang Cao

Effective nitrogen (N) management is crucial for the sustainability of wheat production in China, yet achieving a balance between high yields, economic profitability, and environmental sustainability remains a major challenge. While optimal N application rates vary spatiotemporally, the interactions between N fertilization and environmental factors further complicate crop productivity predictions. To address this, a multilevel meta-regression framework was developed. Integrating 4961 observations from 571 publications, this framework enables a comprehensive assessment of optimal N rates for yield, economic, and environmental goals across China's seven major wheat-growing regions. These regions were delineated based on soil, climate, and varietal characteristics. The results revealed significant spatiotemporal variations in optimal N application rates, driven by regional differences in soil and climate conditions. Temporally, the yield-optimal N rate (YON) followed an inverted U-shaped trend, peaking in the 2000s (268 kg ha⁻¹), whereas economic-optimal N rate (ECON) and environment-optimal N rate (ENON) showed a gradual increase. Region-specific N management thresholds optimize wheat production, boosting it by 15 % while simultaneously improving economic returns and reducing environmental pollution. Notably, yield responses to N optimization were influenced by soil-climate interactions, with harsher growing environments exhibiting greater marginal benefits from N fertilization compared to more favorable conditions. Crucially, N optimization effects varied even among similar production areas, underscoring the importance of localized agroecological adaptation. This study provides a data-driven framework for tailoring N management strategies to regional conditions, offering actionable insights for optimizing productivity, profitability, and sustainability in China's diverse wheat systems. The findings of this study not only refine N fertilizer recommendations but also equip policymakers and stakeholders with a holistic perspective on sustainable N management.

有效的氮素管理对中国小麦生产的可持续性至关重要，但实现高产、经济效益和环境可持续性之间的平衡仍然是一个重大挑战。虽然最佳施氮量存在时空差异，但氮肥与环境因子之间的相互作用进一步使作物生产力预测复杂化。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个多层次元回归框架。该框架整合了571份出版物的4961份观测数据，能够对中国七大小麦产区的产量、经济和环境目标的最佳施氮量进行综合评估。这些区域是根据土壤、气候和品种特征划定的。结果表明，受区域土壤和气候条件差异的影响，最佳施氮量存在显著的时空差异。从时间上看，产量最优施氮量（YON）呈倒u型趋势，在2000年代达到峰值（268 kg ha−1），而经济最优施氮量（ECON）和环境最优施氮量（ENON）呈逐渐上升趋势。区域氮管理阈值优化小麦产量，在提高经济效益和减少环境污染的同时，使小麦产量提高15% %。值得注意的是，对氮肥优化的产量响应受到土壤-气候相互作用的影响，与较有利的生长环境相比，较恶劣的生长环境显示出更大的氮肥边际效益。至关重要的是，即使在相似的生产区域，氮素优化效果也不尽相同，这强调了局部农业生态适应的重要性。本研究提供了一个数据驱动的框架，可根据区域情况定制氮素管理策略，为优化中国多种小麦系统的生产率、盈利能力和可持续性提供可操作的见解。本研究结果不仅完善了氮肥建议，而且为政策制定者和利益相关者提供了可持续氮肥管理的整体视角。

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