I. Motsnyi, O. Molodchenkova, T. Nargan, M. Nakonechnyi, S. Lyfenko, J. S. Fanin, L. Mishchenko
Aim. To determine the breeding value of wheat wide hybridization derivatives by studying the resistance to diseases, protein content and yield, productivity and drought resistance index. Methods. Growing plants in favorable conditions, environments of acute drought and under infection background of wheat rusts was combined with the laboratory methods for determining weight of 1000 kernels and protein content. Results. Disease resistance has depended on the pathogen species and the source of alien variability. The drought resistance index is mainly determined by the yield of the material in drought conditions (r = –0.65***) and to a lesser extent depends on the yield under normal environments (r = 0.27**). Conclusions. Resistance to leaf or yellow rust has been successfully transferred from all sources involved in hybridization, but to stem rust – mainly from the sample, containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and T. timopheevii in pedigree. When determining the drought resistance of the material, it is necessary to take into account not only the drought resistance index, but also its yield in favorable environments. The parameters of protein yield and absolute protein content in 1000 kernels should be used for the selection of promising breeding lines. The perspective lines with group disease resistance, high values of WTK, protein content, yield and drought resistance have been selected. Lines with leaf pubescence from T. timopheevii were characterized by low productivity.
{"title":"Assessment of wheat wide hybridization derivatives for agronomic traits and disease resistance in drought conditions","authors":"I. Motsnyi, O. Molodchenkova, T. Nargan, M. Nakonechnyi, S. Lyfenko, J. S. Fanin, L. Mishchenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1487","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the breeding value of wheat wide hybridization derivatives by studying the resistance to diseases, protein content and yield, productivity and drought resistance index. Methods. Growing plants in favorable conditions, environments of acute drought and under infection background of wheat rusts was combined with the laboratory methods for determining weight of 1000 kernels and protein content. Results. Disease resistance has depended on the pathogen species and the source of alien variability. The drought resistance index is mainly determined by the yield of the material in drought conditions (r = –0.65***) and to a lesser extent depends on the yield under normal environments (r = 0.27**). Conclusions. Resistance to leaf or yellow rust has been successfully transferred from all sources involved in hybridization, but to stem rust – mainly from the sample, containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and T. timopheevii in pedigree. When determining the drought resistance of the material, it is necessary to take into account not only the drought resistance index, but also its yield in favorable environments. The parameters of protein yield and absolute protein content in 1000 kernels should be used for the selection of promising breeding lines. The perspective lines with group disease resistance, high values of WTK, protein content, yield and drought resistance have been selected. Lines with leaf pubescence from T. timopheevii were characterized by low productivity.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85614667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The aim of the work was to establish the impact of rye seed storage in model conditions at seed moisture content of 5–7 % on germination indicators, productivity elements and plant height. Methods. The material for the research were seeds of rye accessions of different genotypes. The seeds used in the experiment were grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Production naned after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (PPI), located in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Laboratory germination was assessed according to the International Seed Testing Associations. Seeds after storage were sown in the experimental field of PPI during the growing seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 in order to assess the elements of plant productivity. Indicators of temperature and precipitation of the period of seed growing have been recorded. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by standard methods using Excel. Results. It was found that after 12 months of storage of seeds of different genotypes in model conditions, significant changes in germination were observed only in isolated cases. After storing the seeds for 18 months, a significant reduction in germination was observed for all samples. Conclusions. Seeds of rye accessions with different genotypes in model conditions have different longevity. No significant benefits of seed moisture in the range of 5–7 % for its longevity. No significant stable impact of model storage conditions of experimental accessions of rye on plant height and elements of the structure of productivity in the year of research.
{"title":"Features of the preservation of rye genotypes in model conditions","authors":"O. Zadorozhna, D. Yehorov","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1497","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the work was to establish the impact of rye seed storage in model conditions at seed moisture content of 5–7 % on germination indicators, productivity elements and plant height. Methods. The material for the research were seeds of rye accessions of different genotypes. The seeds used in the experiment were grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Production naned after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (PPI), located in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Laboratory germination was assessed according to the International Seed Testing Associations. Seeds after storage were sown in the experimental field of PPI during the growing seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 in order to assess the elements of plant productivity. Indicators of temperature and precipitation of the period of seed growing have been recorded. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by standard methods using Excel. Results. It was found that after 12 months of storage of seeds of different genotypes in model conditions, significant changes in germination were observed only in isolated cases. After storing the seeds for 18 months, a significant reduction in germination was observed for all samples. Conclusions. Seeds of rye accessions with different genotypes in model conditions have different longevity. No significant benefits of seed moisture in the range of 5–7 % for its longevity. No significant stable impact of model storage conditions of experimental accessions of rye on plant height and elements of the structure of productivity in the year of research.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86418489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Volkova, H. Slishchuk, V. Sichkar, O. Zakharova
Aim. Chickpea AHAS gene molecular-marker analysis. To achieve this aim following tasks were set: chickpea AHAS gene SNP markers research and development, chickpea varieties and samples genotyping by the markers. Methods. CTAB method of DNA isolation and purification, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Chickpea AHAS1 gene KASP gene specificity was found: there were no DNA amplification with lens and maize samples observed. Three Ukrainian chickpea varieties and 28 ICRISAT collection samples KASP genotyping detected only wild-type C-allele. Authors own SNP markers 58 chickpea samples genotyping showed that AHAS1 gene within samples was homozygous, no mutant T allele was detected. Conclusions. 31 chickpea samples contained wild-type C-allele by KASP genotyping, which is associated with imidazoline herbicide susceptibility. 58 chickpea samples contained C-allele by authors own SNP markers genotyping. Mutant T-allele that is associated with tolerance absence indicates researched samples imidazole herbicide tolerance low level.
{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the chickpea gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase: molecular-genetical analysis","authors":"N. Volkova, H. Slishchuk, V. Sichkar, O. Zakharova","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1454","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Chickpea AHAS gene molecular-marker analysis. To achieve this aim following tasks were set: chickpea AHAS gene SNP markers research and development, chickpea varieties and samples genotyping by the markers. Methods. CTAB method of DNA isolation and purification, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Chickpea AHAS1 gene KASP gene specificity was found: there were no DNA amplification with lens and maize samples observed. Three Ukrainian chickpea varieties and 28 ICRISAT collection samples KASP genotyping detected only wild-type C-allele. Authors own SNP markers 58 chickpea samples genotyping showed that AHAS1 gene within samples was homozygous, no mutant T allele was detected. Conclusions. 31 chickpea samples contained wild-type C-allele by KASP genotyping, which is associated with imidazoline herbicide susceptibility. 58 chickpea samples contained C-allele by authors own SNP markers genotyping. Mutant T-allele that is associated with tolerance absence indicates researched samples imidazole herbicide tolerance low level.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89290979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The aim of the work was to determine the conditions for development of in vitro culture, induction of callus formation, and long-term tissue culture of Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P. Smirn. Methods. In vitro clonal propagation, tissue culture techniques. Results. The seed germination rate was found to increase significantly after long-term cold stratification. The protocol for seed sterilization was developed, which yielded 57.3% of aseptic plants. Collections of in vitro and pot cultured plants were created. Experiments on the adaptation of in vitro propagated plants to pot culture conditions revealed a high level of their survival. The optimal medium for in vitro clonal propagation was MS, supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA; while the most effective media for induction of callus formation and for long-term tissue culture was B5 supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP. Conclusions. The protocols and conditions for seed germination, in vitro clonal propagation, induction of callus formation, as well as long-term tissue culture of Z. biebersteiniana have been developed. The developed techniques of in vitro culture can be used for conservation and restoration of genetic diversity of the species, as well as to obtain sufficient plant material for further studies.
的目标。本研究的目的是确定扁姜(Zingeria bibersteiniana, Claus) P. Smirn的离体培养、愈伤组织诱导和长期组织培养的条件。方法。体外克隆繁殖，组织培养技术。结果。经长期冷分层处理，种子发芽率显著提高。制定了种子灭菌方案，无菌植株率达57.3%。建立了离体和盆栽植物的集合。离体繁殖植株对盆栽条件的适应实验表明，其成活率较高。体外克隆繁殖的最佳培养基为MS，添加0.1 mg/L NAA;诱导愈伤组织形成和长期组织培养最有效的培养基为B5 + 2 mg/L 2,4- d + 0.1 mg/L BAP。结论。研究了紫茎草种子萌发、离体无性系繁殖、愈伤组织诱导和长期组织培养的方法和条件。开发的离体培养技术可用于保护和恢复该物种的遗传多样性，并为进一步的研究获取充足的植物材料。
{"title":"In vitro culture of Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P. Smirn. as a method for conservation and restoration of genetic diversity","authors":"M. O. Twardovska, V. Kunakh","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1470","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the work was to determine the conditions for development of in vitro culture, induction of callus formation, and long-term tissue culture of Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P. Smirn. Methods. In vitro clonal propagation, tissue culture techniques. Results. The seed germination rate was found to increase significantly after long-term cold stratification. The protocol for seed sterilization was developed, which yielded 57.3% of aseptic plants. Collections of in vitro and pot cultured plants were created. Experiments on the adaptation of in vitro propagated plants to pot culture conditions revealed a high level of their survival. The optimal medium for in vitro clonal propagation was MS, supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA; while the most effective media for induction of callus formation and for long-term tissue culture was B5 supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP. Conclusions. The protocols and conditions for seed germination, in vitro clonal propagation, induction of callus formation, as well as long-term tissue culture of Z. biebersteiniana have been developed. The developed techniques of in vitro culture can be used for conservation and restoration of genetic diversity of the species, as well as to obtain sufficient plant material for further studies.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89458795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Kryzhanovska, N. Holub, M. Prokopiak, H. M. Holinei
Aim. To investigate the mutagenic effect of meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company on the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods. The method of the accounting of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in Drosophila melanogaster was used. This method allows recording early and late embryonic death. Results. Using the meat flavored food additive “Spices for grilled white sausages” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 45 %, according to the control group. An increase in the number of eggs with early embryonic death by 3 times, and eggs with late embryonic death by 5.5 times was noted (P < 0.95). A 5-fold increase in the frequency of DLMs compared to the control group was established. Using the meat flavored food additive “Flavoring with the taste of pork” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 13 %, according to the control group. Using this meat flavored food additive in a dose increased by 10 times caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 28 %, according to the control group. The recommended dose caused an increase the early embryonic death which was 3.6 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95), and an increase late embryonic death which was 4.8 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95). The frequency of DLMs in the recommended dose was 6.49 %, and in the tenfold increased dose – 8.67 %, according to the control group. Conclusions. The meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company have a genotoxic effect in the recommended dose and cause the mutagenic activity and an increase of the frequency of occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in D. melanogaster.
{"title":"Influence of meat flavored food additives on the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogasfer","authors":"M. M. Kryzhanovska, N. Holub, M. Prokopiak, H. M. Holinei","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1502","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the mutagenic effect of meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company on the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods. The method of the accounting of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in Drosophila melanogaster was used. This method allows recording early and late embryonic death. Results. Using the meat flavored food additive “Spices for grilled white sausages” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 45 %, according to the control group. An increase in the number of eggs with early embryonic death by 3 times, and eggs with late embryonic death by 5.5 times was noted (P < 0.95). A 5-fold increase in the frequency of DLMs compared to the control group was established. Using the meat flavored food additive “Flavoring with the taste of pork” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 13 %, according to the control group. Using this meat flavored food additive in a dose increased by 10 times caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 28 %, according to the control group. The recommended dose caused an increase the early embryonic death which was 3.6 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95), and an increase late embryonic death which was 4.8 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95). The frequency of DLMs in the recommended dose was 6.49 %, and in the tenfold increased dose – 8.67 %, according to the control group. Conclusions. The meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company have a genotoxic effect in the recommended dose and cause the mutagenic activity and an increase of the frequency of occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in D. melanogaster.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90077735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Piskun, I. M. Molchan, V. M. Shkarupa, N. M. Hrynchak, O. Sprut, T. B. Vasenko
Aim. To investigate and reveal the peculiarities of the history of development of biology branches such as breeding, evolution and genetics, associated with the names of well-known scientists who worked during the totalitarian dictatorial regime of the Soviet Union. Methods. Literature, letters and archival documents search and study. Comparison, analysis and evaluation of data obtained. Results. In the 30–60s of the last century, the process of influence of genetics on breeding and of breeding on genetics and on evolution in general was widely discussed among biologists. Unfortunately, the party bodies of that time intervened in the discussion, which led to an artificial division of biology as the science into alternative mutually exclusive "isms". Different "isms" are the result of a highly specialized approach to scientific activity and an artificial division of a single nature; these are different points of view that characterize different levels of research, which contain elements of truth but lead to nonsense and errors when they are exalted to the absolute. During the years of the cult of personality, a lack of understanding of the natural course of development of any science led to tragic consequences both in the genetics itself and in the fate of its carriers, geneticists. When the practice of the heavy-handed development of genetics in our country was overcome and condemned, it became clear that the union of genetics and breeding can only grow on the basis of a deep interpenetration of these sciences. Conclusions. Further development of breeding, genetics and evolution is associated with the development of a new scientific paradigm. A possible basis for a new scientific paradigm at the present stage may be the epigenetic theory of evolution, which in recent decades has been formed into an independent science called epigenetics and stands at the forefront of applied and medical biology.
{"title":"History of biology in relation to breeding, evolution and genetics","authors":"R. Piskun, I. M. Molchan, V. M. Shkarupa, N. M. Hrynchak, O. Sprut, T. B. Vasenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1475","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate and reveal the peculiarities of the history of development of biology branches such as breeding, evolution and genetics, associated with the names of well-known scientists who worked during the totalitarian dictatorial regime of the Soviet Union. Methods. Literature, letters and archival documents search and study. Comparison, analysis and evaluation of data obtained. Results. In the 30–60s of the last century, the process of influence of genetics on breeding and of breeding on genetics and on evolution in general was widely discussed among biologists. Unfortunately, the party bodies of that time intervened in the discussion, which led to an artificial division of biology as the science into alternative mutually exclusive \"isms\". Different \"isms\" are the result of a highly specialized approach to scientific activity and an artificial division of a single nature; these are different points of view that characterize different levels of research, which contain elements of truth but lead to nonsense and errors when they are exalted to the absolute. During the years of the cult of personality, a lack of understanding of the natural course of development of any science led to tragic consequences both in the genetics itself and in the fate of its carriers, geneticists. When the practice of the heavy-handed development of genetics in our country was overcome and condemned, it became clear that the union of genetics and breeding can only grow on the basis of a deep interpenetration of these sciences. Conclusions. Further development of breeding, genetics and evolution is associated with the development of a new scientific paradigm. A possible basis for a new scientific paradigm at the present stage may be the epigenetic theory of evolution, which in recent decades has been formed into an independent science called epigenetics and stands at the forefront of applied and medical biology.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80859258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khokhlov, A. S. Fediaieva, I. Honcharova, O. Shevchenko
Aim. To identify the phylogenetic changes of the evolutionary process in the historical aspect of pig domestication. Domestication is the process of phylogenetic transformation of wild animals into domestic animals. The main role in this process belongs to artificial selection, especially its destabilizing form. Undoubtedly, as a result of destabilizing form of selection, wide phenotypic variation appears in domesticated pig populations. Methods. Using archaeological, morphological, biochemical, genetic and zootechnical methods of investigation, we were able to establish morphological features of some internal organs in connection with domestication of pigs. Results. In studying pig evolution, the European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa ferus) was the direct object of our studies in comparison with breeding animals of the Large White Pig Breed, which emerged after domestication of the Wild Boar in Europe. Modern research shows that artificial (destructive, disruptive, stabilizing) selection and selection under appropriate feeding and housing conditions played a significant role in domestication and breeding, namely the Large White Boar. Conclusions. Prematurity processes and formation of modern pig breeds mainly occurred by increasing the variability of traits, precocity, mass and size of animals, some internal organs and systems.
{"title":"Morphofunctional changes in some internal organs during domestication of pigs","authors":"A. Khokhlov, A. S. Fediaieva, I. Honcharova, O. Shevchenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1495","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify the phylogenetic changes of the evolutionary process in the historical aspect of pig domestication. Domestication is the process of phylogenetic transformation of wild animals into domestic animals. The main role in this process belongs to artificial selection, especially its destabilizing form. Undoubtedly, as a result of destabilizing form of selection, wide phenotypic variation appears in domesticated pig populations. Methods. Using archaeological, morphological, biochemical, genetic and zootechnical methods of investigation, we were able to establish morphological features of some internal organs in connection with domestication of pigs. Results. In studying pig evolution, the European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa ferus) was the direct object of our studies in comparison with breeding animals of the Large White Pig Breed, which emerged after domestication of the Wild Boar in Europe. Modern research shows that artificial (destructive, disruptive, stabilizing) selection and selection under appropriate feeding and housing conditions played a significant role in domestication and breeding, namely the Large White Boar. Conclusions. Prematurity processes and formation of modern pig breeds mainly occurred by increasing the variability of traits, precocity, mass and size of animals, some internal organs and systems.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77281654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Priadkina, O. Stasik, N. M. Makharynska, A. Poliovyi
Aim. Search for physiological characteristics of high-yielding varieties of winter wheat based on a comparative analysis of efficiency of solar energy conversion into biomass under natural drought during the grain filling period. Methods. Morphometric, actinometric, statistical. Results. It was found that high-yielding varieties of winter wheat had higher, than less productive ones, increment of aboveground dry matter and the radiation use efficiency in the reproductive period of development. A positive correlation was established between the radiation use efficiency of winter wheat varieties at that period and grain yield, and weight of 1000 grains. It has been suggested that the higher efficiency of light energy conversion to biomass at drought conditions in high-yielding varieties may be related to the higher demand for assimilate due to grain filling and high drought-tolerance of photosynthetic apparatus. Conclusions. A significant genotypic difference in the radiation use efficiency between winter wheat varieties of one maturity group at the reproductive period was established. Higher radiation use efficiency in the reproductive period contributed to the increase of grain productivity due to better grain filling, as evidenced by the positive correlation with the mass of 1000 grains. The presence of significant genotypic variability in this trait indicates that it can be used for genetic improvement of wheat productivity. It was found that the varieties of winter wheat Kyivska 17 and Horodnytsia can be used as donors of valuable breeding traits.
{"title":"Estimation of photosynthetic light energy conversion efficiency in winter wheat varieties under drought","authors":"G. Priadkina, O. Stasik, N. M. Makharynska, A. Poliovyi","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1498","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Search for physiological characteristics of high-yielding varieties of winter wheat based on a comparative analysis of efficiency of solar energy conversion into biomass under natural drought during the grain filling period. Methods. Morphometric, actinometric, statistical. Results. It was found that high-yielding varieties of winter wheat had higher, than less productive ones, increment of aboveground dry matter and the radiation use efficiency in the reproductive period of development. A positive correlation was established between the radiation use efficiency of winter wheat varieties at that period and grain yield, and weight of 1000 grains. It has been suggested that the higher efficiency of light energy conversion to biomass at drought conditions in high-yielding varieties may be related to the higher demand for assimilate due to grain filling and high drought-tolerance of photosynthetic apparatus. Conclusions. A significant genotypic difference in the radiation use efficiency between winter wheat varieties of one maturity group at the reproductive period was established. Higher radiation use efficiency in the reproductive period contributed to the increase of grain productivity due to better grain filling, as evidenced by the positive correlation with the mass of 1000 grains. The presence of significant genotypic variability in this trait indicates that it can be used for genetic improvement of wheat productivity. It was found that the varieties of winter wheat Kyivska 17 and Horodnytsia can be used as donors of valuable breeding traits.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To analyze the physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of genetically modified plants of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat of seed generation T2 with the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro; biochemical determination of the activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) and the content of free L-proline; morphometric indicators and elements of crop structure; mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the presence of additional copies of the oat gene in transgenic plants leads to increased activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (on average 1.5 times compared to the original plants), but they do not differ significantly from plants of the original genotypes in free L-Proline is neither normal nor under conditions of soil drought. It has been shown that the introduction into the genome of wheat plants of a genetic construct that enhances the expression of the oat gene stimulates root growth both under normal and stressful conditions. Under conditions of insufficient moisture supply, plants of transgenic lines also exceeded untransformed plants in the number and weight of grains from the whole plant. Conclusions. Analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and economic characteristics of transgenic soft wheat plants containing the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa showed their increased tolerance to soil drought compared to non-transgenic genotypes. Biotechnological plants are characterized by a more developed root system, which increased the ability of plants to grow in conditions of water scarcity.
{"title":"Physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of transgenic winter wheat plants with gene ornitin-Δ-aminotransferases","authors":"O. Dubrovna, L. Slivka","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1462","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of genetically modified plants of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat of seed generation T2 with the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro; biochemical determination of the activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) and the content of free L-proline; morphometric indicators and elements of crop structure; mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the presence of additional copies of the oat gene in transgenic plants leads to increased activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (on average 1.5 times compared to the original plants), but they do not differ significantly from plants of the original genotypes in free L-Proline is neither normal nor under conditions of soil drought. It has been shown that the introduction into the genome of wheat plants of a genetic construct that enhances the expression of the oat gene stimulates root growth both under normal and stressful conditions. Under conditions of insufficient moisture supply, plants of transgenic lines also exceeded untransformed plants in the number and weight of grains from the whole plant. Conclusions. Analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and economic characteristics of transgenic soft wheat plants containing the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa showed their increased tolerance to soil drought compared to non-transgenic genotypes. Biotechnological plants are characterized by a more developed root system, which increased the ability of plants to grow in conditions of water scarcity.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Determination of the ivermectin influence on plant pathogenic species of Fusarium genus; particularly, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum. Methods. The susceptibility of studied strains (F. graminearum F-55756 and F. oxysporum F-54635) to ivermectin was measured in vitro with the agar diffusion method. Ivermectin in concentrations from 0 to 3 mg/ml was poured into the wells made in media for that purpose. Further, mycelial discs of F. graminearum and F. oxysporum strains were placed into the central regions of Petri dishes, which were then maintained in the dark at 25 °C. Ivermectin influence on growth and morphology of studied strains was estimated after the 7 days using the ImageJ software and methods of statistical analysis to determine the most effective concentrations. Results. As the result, it was found that at 1 mg/ml concentration and above the fungistatic effect is observed and the 3 mg/ml concentration appeared to be the most effective one. Thus, the percentage of mycelium area in comparison with control at this concentration was 83,91 % for F. graminearum F-55756 and 69,95 % for F. oxysporum F-54635. Conclusions. The ivermectin effective fungistatic action on the studied strains was observed giving the reason for further analysis of the ivermectin influence on other strains of Fusarium complex species and search of molecular targets of its action.
{"title":"Research of ivermectin influence on Fusarium graminearum and F. oxysporum","authors":"Y. O. Kustovskiy, A. Buziashvili, A. Yemets","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1467","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Determination of the ivermectin influence on plant pathogenic species of Fusarium genus; particularly, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum. Methods. The susceptibility of studied strains (F. graminearum F-55756 and F. oxysporum F-54635) to ivermectin was measured in vitro with the agar diffusion method. Ivermectin in concentrations from 0 to 3 mg/ml was poured into the wells made in media for that purpose. Further, mycelial discs of F. graminearum and F. oxysporum strains were placed into the central regions of Petri dishes, which were then maintained in the dark at 25 °C. Ivermectin influence on growth and morphology of studied strains was estimated after the 7 days using the ImageJ software and methods of statistical analysis to determine the most effective concentrations. Results. As the result, it was found that at 1 mg/ml concentration and above the fungistatic effect is observed and the 3 mg/ml concentration appeared to be the most effective one. Thus, the percentage of mycelium area in comparison with control at this concentration was 83,91 % for F. graminearum F-55756 and 69,95 % for F. oxysporum F-54635. Conclusions. The ivermectin effective fungistatic action on the studied strains was observed giving the reason for further analysis of the ivermectin influence on other strains of Fusarium complex species and search of molecular targets of its action.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84718555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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