Aim. The aim is to test the validity of home breeders assumption that strong photosensitivity in winter bread wheat limits the possibility of breeding improvement for productivity. Methods. Estimation of photosensitivity levels in modern high-yielding foreign cultivars (mainly from Western Europe) and in the set of F5 hybrids with photosensitivity diversity, which were selected only for relatively high yields. Results. Among the modern high-yielding foreign cultivars recommended for cultivation in Ukraine, carriers of strong photosensitivity have been identified with a significantly high frequency (up to 33.3 ± 0.75 %). In contrast, almost all modern Ukrainian cultivars are weakly photosensitive. When selecting in Odessa environment only the best-yielding families and lines from hybrid combinations, in which parents clearly differed in photosensitivity levels, F5 did not show a shift towards reducing the frequency of highly photosensitive phenotypes. It was statistically consistent with random variation without selection. Conclusions. High photosensitivity does not limit the efforts of breeders to improve the productivity potential of winter bread wheat. And for certain growing regions of this crop, it can be a factor in better environmental adaptability to get a real yield.
{"title":"Strong photosensitivity level doesn’t limit selection for high yield in winter bread wheat","authors":"A. Stelmakh, V. Fait, M. Litvinenko","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1490","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim is to test the validity of home breeders assumption that strong photosensitivity in winter bread wheat limits the possibility of breeding improvement for productivity. Methods. Estimation of photosensitivity levels in modern high-yielding foreign cultivars (mainly from Western Europe) and in the set of F5 hybrids with photosensitivity diversity, which were selected only for relatively high yields. Results. Among the modern high-yielding foreign cultivars recommended for cultivation in Ukraine, carriers of strong photosensitivity have been identified with a significantly high frequency (up to 33.3 ± 0.75 %). In contrast, almost all modern Ukrainian cultivars are weakly photosensitive. When selecting in Odessa environment only the best-yielding families and lines from hybrid combinations, in which parents clearly differed in photosensitivity levels, F5 did not show a shift towards reducing the frequency of highly photosensitive phenotypes. It was statistically consistent with random variation without selection. Conclusions. High photosensitivity does not limit the efforts of breeders to improve the productivity potential of winter bread wheat. And for certain growing regions of this crop, it can be a factor in better environmental adaptability to get a real yield.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"9 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82697933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To propose a plan of cellular selection of tomato plants for resistance to drought with the use of selective factor is manit. Methods. The object of study was the tomato variety Svitanok. Work with cell culture in vitro, aseptic seed germination, microclonal reproduction, callusogenesis and initiation of morphogenesis were performed according to known methods. Results. The influence of peroxidase in the stimulation of protective mechanisms has been established and the role of phytohormones in these processes has been revealed. It was found that when using stepwise selection of tomato cell culture in vitro, samples of TTP-1 and TTP-2, tolerant to salinity, were selected and worked on. The effect of peroxidase on the growth of plant resistance during foliar treatment with signaling molecules is also shown. Conclusions. It has been shown that signaling molecules are actively involved in the antioxidant protection of plants under stress caused by air and soil drought. The signaling molecules we use have a protective effect under stress: specialty characteristic is a very active part in the recovery process after the adverse effects of various factors. The increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase also contributes to the activation of the systemic resistance of tomato plants against high temperatures.
{"title":"The peculiarities of plant breeding and drought-resistance mechanisms","authors":"R. Kovbasenko, A. Dmitriev, S. A. Polyakovsky","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1484","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To propose a plan of cellular selection of tomato plants for resistance to drought with the use of selective factor is manit. Methods. The object of study was the tomato variety Svitanok. Work with cell culture in vitro, aseptic seed germination, microclonal reproduction, callusogenesis and initiation of morphogenesis were performed according to known methods. Results. The influence of peroxidase in the stimulation of protective mechanisms has been established and the role of phytohormones in these processes has been revealed. It was found that when using stepwise selection of tomato cell culture in vitro, samples of TTP-1 and TTP-2, tolerant to salinity, were selected and worked on. The effect of peroxidase on the growth of plant resistance during foliar treatment with signaling molecules is also shown. Conclusions. It has been shown that signaling molecules are actively involved in the antioxidant protection of plants under stress caused by air and soil drought. The signaling molecules we use have a protective effect under stress: specialty characteristic is a very active part in the recovery process after the adverse effects of various factors. The increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase also contributes to the activation of the systemic resistance of tomato plants against high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91338123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main life and activity moments of the founder of modern genetics, the world-famous Austrian biologist and monk Gregor Mendel are discussed in the article. He developed the scientific principles of hybrids and their offspring description and research, introduced the concept of alternative traits – dominant and recessive, first applied the algebraic symbol system and trait designations, and formulated the basic inheritance trait laws in a number of generations too. His scientific report Experiments on plant hybrids (1865, Brun), as well as the article based on his results of research published the following year, remained underestimated and not fully understood by biologists at that time. The recognition Mendel’s outstanding works took place 35 years later, after the almost simultaneous article publications by three European scientists – H. de Vries, C. Correns and E. Tschermak, who independently confirmed his data with their own experiments. G. Mendel’s success in discovering the first laws of genetics is due to the fact that he chose research objects with alternative morphological features, involved a sufficient number of individuals and used mathematical methods to generalize the experiment results.
本文论述了现代遗传学奠基人、世界著名的奥地利生物学家、和尚孟德尔的主要生平和活动时刻。他发展了杂交种及其后代描述和研究的科学原理，提出了显性和隐性交替性状的概念，首次应用了代数符号系统和性状名称，并提出了多代遗传性状的基本规律。他的科学报告《植物杂交实验》(1865,Brun)，以及第二年发表的以他的研究结果为基础的文章，当时的生物学家都低估了他，没有完全理解他。35年后，三位欧洲科学家——H. de Vries、C. Correns和E. Tschermak——几乎同时发表文章，用他们自己的实验独立地证实了孟德尔的数据，孟德尔的杰出作品才得到认可。G.孟德尔成功地发现了遗传学第一定律，这是因为他选择了具有不同形态特征的研究对象，涉及了足够数量的个体，并使用数学方法概括了实验结果。
{"title":"Mendel G.J.: life and scientific activity (on the 200th birth anniversary)","authors":"I. B. Chen, H. Humeniuk","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1453","url":null,"abstract":"The main life and activity moments of the founder of modern genetics, the world-famous Austrian biologist and monk Gregor Mendel are discussed in the article. He developed the scientific principles of hybrids and their offspring description and research, introduced the concept of alternative traits – dominant and recessive, first applied the algebraic symbol system and trait designations, and formulated the basic inheritance trait laws in a number of generations too. His scientific report Experiments on plant hybrids (1865, Brun), as well as the article based on his results of research published the following year, remained underestimated and not fully understood by biologists at that time. The recognition Mendel’s outstanding works took place 35 years later, after the almost simultaneous article publications by three European scientists – H. de Vries, C. Correns and E. Tschermak, who independently confirmed his data with their own experiments. G. Mendel’s success in discovering the first laws of genetics is due to the fact that he chose research objects with alternative morphological features, involved a sufficient number of individuals and used mathematical methods to generalize the experiment results.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90663704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine whether the steroid hormone β-estradiol affects the transcription of the human MGMT gene. The expression status of the DNA repair enzyme O (6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is important when planning the treatment of patients with oncology, because its presence in tumor cells may reduce the effectiveness of alkylating chemotherapy. Alkylating chemotherapy is combined with hormone therapy in the treatment of tumors, so the study of the effect of β-estradiol on the number of transcripts of the human MGMT gene in cells in vitro has not only theoretical and also practical significance. Methods. We used a variety of methods, including culture, molecular genetic and biochemical, such as RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and statistical processing of the results. Results. We found a tendency of β-estradiol to downregulate the MGMT gene at mRNA level in both HEp-2 and 293 cells in a range of concentrations, except concentrations 1 and 5 nmol/L of β-estradiol in 293 cells. Conclusions. Our data support the hypothesis that β-estradiol is one of the hormonal regulators of the MGMT gene.
{"title":"Effect of β-estradiol on the expression of human MGMT gene in cells in vitro","authors":"Z. Nidoieva, L. Lukash, A. P. Yatsyshyna","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1496","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether the steroid hormone β-estradiol affects the transcription of the human MGMT gene. The expression status of the DNA repair enzyme O (6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is important when planning the treatment of patients with oncology, because its presence in tumor cells may reduce the effectiveness of alkylating chemotherapy. Alkylating chemotherapy is combined with hormone therapy in the treatment of tumors, so the study of the effect of β-estradiol on the number of transcripts of the human MGMT gene in cells in vitro has not only theoretical and also practical significance. Methods. We used a variety of methods, including culture, molecular genetic and biochemical, such as RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and statistical processing of the results. Results. We found a tendency of β-estradiol to downregulate the MGMT gene at mRNA level in both HEp-2 and 293 cells in a range of concentrations, except concentrations 1 and 5 nmol/L of β-estradiol in 293 cells. Conclusions. Our data support the hypothesis that β-estradiol is one of the hormonal regulators of the MGMT gene.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Determination of the effect of wx mutation on the palmitate content and genetic analysis of this trait in waxy maize. Methods. In two-year experiments, 10 unrelated maize inbreds of the common type and 10 inbreds – carriers of the wx mutation were analyzed. Genetic analysis of palmitate content was carried out in the diallel crosses of 6 indreds – carriers of the wx mutation by the second Griffing method. The palmitate content was determined by Peysker’s gas chromatographic method. Results. Carriers of the wx mutation of maize exceeded the maize of common type in the content of glycerides of palmitic acid in oils. The content of palmitate in unrelated inbreds – carriers of the wx mutation was subjected to quantitative variability and ranged from 13.3 % to 16.4 %. Inheritance of palmitate content in the waxy corn was carrired out by the type of incomplete dominance with a predominant contribution of additive effects to the variation. A higher level of trait was controlled by recessive alleles of polygens. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest the presence in chromosome 9 of spatial linkage of the mutant wx gene with palmitate - coding locus, the effect of which is modified by a polygenic complex.
{"title":"Genetic analysis of palmytic acid content in the oil of maize based on Waxy mutation","authors":"D. Tymchuk","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1492","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Determination of the effect of wx mutation on the palmitate content and genetic analysis of this trait in waxy maize. Methods. In two-year experiments, 10 unrelated maize inbreds of the common type and 10 inbreds – carriers of the wx mutation were analyzed. Genetic analysis of palmitate content was carried out in the diallel crosses of 6 indreds – carriers of the wx mutation by the second Griffing method. The palmitate content was determined by Peysker’s gas chromatographic method. Results. Carriers of the wx mutation of maize exceeded the maize of common type in the content of glycerides of palmitic acid in oils. The content of palmitate in unrelated inbreds – carriers of the wx mutation was subjected to quantitative variability and ranged from 13.3 % to 16.4 %. Inheritance of palmitate content in the waxy corn was carrired out by the type of incomplete dominance with a predominant contribution of additive effects to the variation. A higher level of trait was controlled by recessive alleles of polygens. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest the presence in chromosome 9 of spatial linkage of the mutant wx gene with palmitate - coding locus, the effect of which is modified by a polygenic complex.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83488575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Given the prospects of the method of detoxification of organochlorine contaminants in environment using microorganisms, the aim of the work was the investigation of the effect of microbial destruction products of pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) on morphogenetic and morphophysiological reactions of tomato in vitro. Methods. To test the effects of HCCH and its microbial degradation products obtained by strains of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putide 3, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 6, these compounds were added to nutrient medium for tomato cultivation. As explants the segments of hypocotyls of L. esculentum seedlings were used. For plant regeneration, MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of zeatin and 1 mg/l IAA was used. Results. It was found that the products of HCCH destruction stimulate the shoot regeneration, but inhibit their rooting, whereas HCCH inhibits the shoot formation and provokes further morphophysiological changes in plants. Conclusions. A pronounced negative effect of pesticide HCCH on cells and tissues of tomato in vitro was revealed. It was found that the products of HCCH destruction do not affect the morphogenetic processes of isolated tomato cells and tissues and do not cause morphophysiological changes in obtained in vitro tomato plants.
{"title":"Study of influence of organochlorine pesticides and their destruction products on tomatoes in in vitro","authors":"O. M. Shysha, N. Yamborko, G. Iutynska, A. Yemets","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1472","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Given the prospects of the method of detoxification of organochlorine contaminants in environment using microorganisms, the aim of the work was the investigation of the effect of microbial destruction products of pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) on morphogenetic and morphophysiological reactions of tomato in vitro. Methods. To test the effects of HCCH and its microbial degradation products obtained by strains of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putide 3, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 6, these compounds were added to nutrient medium for tomato cultivation. As explants the segments of hypocotyls of L. esculentum seedlings were used. For plant regeneration, MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of zeatin and 1 mg/l IAA was used. Results. It was found that the products of HCCH destruction stimulate the shoot regeneration, but inhibit their rooting, whereas HCCH inhibits the shoot formation and provokes further morphophysiological changes in plants. Conclusions. A pronounced negative effect of pesticide HCCH on cells and tissues of tomato in vitro was revealed. It was found that the products of HCCH destruction do not affect the morphogenetic processes of isolated tomato cells and tissues and do not cause morphophysiological changes in obtained in vitro tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83646586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To analyze the evolution of species-specific Alu repeats in orthologs of the MGMT gene in Cercopithecidae. Methods. The homology between nucleotide sequences has been determined by BLAST 2.6.1 program. The results of the search and identification of MGE have been realized by CENSOR program. Results. The investigation of the orthology of the MGMT gene in Old World monkeys has shown that different species-specific Alu repeats identified in intron sequences might have different evolutionary histories and dynamics of sequence degradation. An absence of species-specific Strepsirrhini Alu repeats in the MGMT gene of representatives of tarsier and New World monkeys and their selective distribution in Old World monkeys demand much more detailed phylogenetic studies.Conclusions. The evolutionary history of species-specific Alu repeats and the peculiarities of their degradation are individual.
{"title":"Evolutionary History of species-specific Alu repeats on the example of the MGMT gene of old world monkey","authors":"O. V. Pidpala, L. Lukash","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1473","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the evolution of species-specific Alu repeats in orthologs of the MGMT gene in Cercopithecidae. Methods. The homology between nucleotide sequences has been determined by BLAST 2.6.1 program. The results of the search and identification of MGE have been realized by CENSOR program. Results. The investigation of the orthology of the MGMT gene in Old World monkeys has shown that different species-specific Alu repeats identified in intron sequences might have different evolutionary histories and dynamics of sequence degradation. An absence of species-specific Strepsirrhini Alu repeats in the MGMT gene of representatives of tarsier and New World monkeys and their selective distribution in Old World monkeys demand much more detailed phylogenetic studies.Conclusions. The evolutionary history of species-specific Alu repeats and the peculiarities of their degradation are individual.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75940402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Kosenko, A. I. Opalko, O. A. Balabak, O. A. Opalko, V. M. Oksantyuk
Aim. Wild hazel species (Corylus L.), and hazelnut (Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal.) cultivars are the monoecious anemophilous plants of the birch family (Betulaceae Gray). Due to the early spring catkins bloom of most Corylus, which occurs in March–April in Ukraine, their flowers may be damaged by late spring frosts, causing a decrease in the yield of nuts. That's why the study of the characteristics of the male gametophyte is of general scientific and applied importance for breeding and fruit growing. Methods. Study of pollen of hazelnut cultivars, representatives of C. avellana L., and C. chinensis Franch. from the collection of NDP "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was done using standard methods. Results. It turned out that the pollen of the ‘Sofiyivsky 15’ (cultivar selected from the hybrid population of ‘Garibaldi’×C. chinensis seedlings) had a greater likeness to paternal parent pollen than maternal parent pollen. According to the fertility, size, and shape of pollen grains, the pollen studied by Corylus spp. is characterized by a slight cultivar-form-species polymorphism. Conclusions. The studied species and forms of Corylus L., and Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal. cultivars were characterized by sufficient levels of pollen fertility for their cultivation in hazelnut orchards of all agro-climatic zones of Ukraine.
{"title":"Hazel (Corylus L.) and hazelnut (Corylus domestica Kos. Et Opal.) pollen","authors":"I. S. Kosenko, A. I. Opalko, O. A. Balabak, O. A. Opalko, V. M. Oksantyuk","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v31.1486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1486","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Wild hazel species (Corylus L.), and hazelnut (Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal.) cultivars are the monoecious anemophilous plants of the birch family (Betulaceae Gray). Due to the early spring catkins bloom of most Corylus, which occurs in March–April in Ukraine, their flowers may be damaged by late spring frosts, causing a decrease in the yield of nuts. That's why the study of the characteristics of the male gametophyte is of general scientific and applied importance for breeding and fruit growing. Methods. Study of pollen of hazelnut cultivars, representatives of C. avellana L., and C. chinensis Franch. from the collection of NDP \"Sofiyivka\" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was done using standard methods. Results. It turned out that the pollen of the ‘Sofiyivsky 15’ (cultivar selected from the hybrid population of ‘Garibaldi’×C. chinensis seedlings) had a greater likeness to paternal parent pollen than maternal parent pollen. According to the fertility, size, and shape of pollen grains, the pollen studied by Corylus spp. is characterized by a slight cultivar-form-species polymorphism. Conclusions. The studied species and forms of Corylus L., and Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal. cultivars were characterized by sufficient levels of pollen fertility for their cultivation in hazelnut orchards of all agro-climatic zones of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85960841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Improving methods for increasing the efficiency of obtaining callus cultures and somaclones of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in vitro. Methods. Hypocotyl segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with sucrose (30 g/l) and phytohormones at various concentrations. Other conditions: photoperiod 16 hours, illuminance 2500 lx, relative humidity 60–80%, air temperature 22–24°C. Results. The ability to form callus and somatic embryogenesis of flax depends on the phytohormonal composition of the nutrient medium, the size of the explants and the distance between them. Conclusions. For intensive callus formation and somatic embryogenesis in vitro, the optimal concentrations of BAP (mg/l) can be expressed as 1.0 ≤ BAP ≤ 1.75; the optimal concentrations of BAP for the medium supplemented with NAA (0.05 mg/l) 0.5 ≤ BAP ≤ 2.0; the optimal concentration of NAA for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.025 ≤ NAA ≤ 0.150; and the optimal concentrations of IAA for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.05 ≤ IAA ≤ 0.50. Addition of 0.5 mg/l GA3 to the medium with NAA and BAP is effective. It is optimal to use hypocotyl explants 3–6 mm long and place them at a distance of 1.5–2.5 cm from each other. Organogenicity of callus is significantly reduced in the process of subculturing.
{"title":"Methodological aspects of increasing the intensity of callusogenesis and organogenesis of Linum usitatissimum L. in vitro","authors":"S. Mishchenko, H. M. Machulsky","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1468","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Improving methods for increasing the efficiency of obtaining callus cultures and somaclones of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in vitro. Methods. Hypocotyl segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with sucrose (30 g/l) and phytohormones at various concentrations. Other conditions: photoperiod 16 hours, illuminance 2500 lx, relative humidity 60–80%, air temperature 22–24°C. Results. The ability to form callus and somatic embryogenesis of flax depends on the phytohormonal composition of the nutrient medium, the size of the explants and the distance between them. Conclusions. For intensive callus formation and somatic embryogenesis in vitro, the optimal concentrations of BAP (mg/l) can be expressed as 1.0 ≤ BAP ≤ 1.75; the optimal concentrations of BAP for the medium supplemented with NAA (0.05 mg/l) 0.5 ≤ BAP ≤ 2.0; the optimal concentration of NAA for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.025 ≤ NAA ≤ 0.150; and the optimal concentrations of IAA for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.05 ≤ IAA ≤ 0.50. Addition of 0.5 mg/l GA3 to the medium with NAA and BAP is effective. It is optimal to use hypocotyl explants 3–6 mm long and place them at a distance of 1.5–2.5 cm from each other. Organogenicity of callus is significantly reduced in the process of subculturing.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90830798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To analyze the physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of genetically modified plants of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat of seed generation T2 with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro; biochemical determination of proline dehydrogenase enzyme activity and free proline content; morphometric indicators and elements of crop structure; mathematical statistics. Results. It is shown that transgenic plants, in contrast to control, grow on a medium with mannitol more intensely, retaining a green color. It was found that both under normal conditions and under conditions of water deficiency, plants of seed generation T2 have an increased level of free Proline in the leaves compared to control genotypes. It was found that transformants are characterized by reduced activity of the enzyme proline dehydrogenase, which is manifested by changes in normal – stress – normal conditions. Transgenic T2 plants had a higher tolerance to water deficiency compared to the original, which was reflected in the nature of their growth. In conditions of soil moisture deficiency, the yield of most transformed lines was higher compared to untransformed plants. Conclusions. The results suggest that the use of a vector construct with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the ProDH gene is effective for creating transgenic winter bread wheat plants with increased tolerance to water deficiency.
{"title":"Physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of transgenic winter wheat plants with RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene","authors":"L. V. Slyvka, O. Dubrovna","doi":"10.7124/feeo.v30.1469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1469","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of genetically modified plants of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat of seed generation T2 with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro; biochemical determination of proline dehydrogenase enzyme activity and free proline content; morphometric indicators and elements of crop structure; mathematical statistics. Results. It is shown that transgenic plants, in contrast to control, grow on a medium with mannitol more intensely, retaining a green color. It was found that both under normal conditions and under conditions of water deficiency, plants of seed generation T2 have an increased level of free Proline in the leaves compared to control genotypes. It was found that transformants are characterized by reduced activity of the enzyme proline dehydrogenase, which is manifested by changes in normal – stress – normal conditions. Transgenic T2 plants had a higher tolerance to water deficiency compared to the original, which was reflected in the nature of their growth. In conditions of soil moisture deficiency, the yield of most transformed lines was higher compared to untransformed plants. Conclusions. The results suggest that the use of a vector construct with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the ProDH gene is effective for creating transgenic winter bread wheat plants with increased tolerance to water deficiency.","PeriodicalId":12181,"journal":{"name":"Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85684008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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