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Zn2+ induces changes in activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and emissions of floral volatiles in Dendrobium huoshanense Zn2+诱导霍山石斛线粒体呼吸链复合物活性和花挥发物排放的变化
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0009
Wangsheng Zhu, Jun Dai, Jiahong Wang
Abstract In recent years, there has been increasing interest in floral volatiles due to their important function in reproduction, self-protection and so on. Although some progress was made on deciphering emissions of floral volatiles and on related mechanisms under a variety of environmental factors, the effects of Zn2+ concentrations on mitochondrial function and floral volatile emissions are yet to be revealed. Dendrobium huoshanense petals were used as materials and were treated with a 0–8 mM ZnSO4 solution. Intracellular Zn2+ concentrations were evaluated by the fluorescent dye method and atomic absorption method. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities and the precursor and ATP contents were determined by the biochemical method. Floral volatile components were analyzed by the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results indicated that ZnSO4 application significantly increased intracellular Zn2+ concentrations. Elevated intracellular Zn2+ concentrations differently affected mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, precursor and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) productions and floral volatile emissions. Moreover, positive correlations exist among the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, productions of precursors and ATP and emissions of floral volatiles. It is concluded that Zn2+ concentrations induce the activity changes of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, especially complex II and V, which promote or inhibit the emissions of floral volatiles by affecting the precursor and ATP levels that are closely related to the production of terpenoids, benzoids and fatty acid derivatives. The research will contribute to understanding the relationship between Zn2+ concentrations and floral volatile emissions from the perspective of mitochondrial function.
摘要近年来,植物挥发物因其在繁殖、自我保护等方面的重要功能而受到越来越多的关注。虽然在各种环境因素下对花挥发物排放的解析和相关机制方面取得了一些进展,但Zn2+浓度对线粒体功能和花挥发物排放的影响尚未揭示。以霍山石斛花瓣为材料,用0 ~ 8 mM的ZnSO4溶液处理。采用荧光染料法和原子吸收法测定细胞内Zn2+浓度。采用生化法测定线粒体呼吸链复合体活性、前体及ATP含量。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了花的挥发性成分。结果表明,施用ZnSO4显著提高了细胞内Zn2+浓度。细胞内Zn2+浓度升高对线粒体呼吸链复合体活性、前体和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的产生以及花挥发物排放有不同程度的影响。此外,线粒体呼吸链复合物的活性、前体和ATP的产生与花挥发物的排放呈正相关。由此可见,Zn2+浓度可诱导线粒体呼吸链复合物,尤其是复合物II和V的活性变化,通过影响与萜类、苯甲酸和脂肪酸衍生物产生密切相关的前体和ATP水平,促进或抑制花挥发物的排放。该研究将有助于从线粒体功能的角度了解Zn2+浓度与花挥发物排放的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Perceived functions of allotment gardens and their importance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland 分配花园的感知功能及其在波兰COVID-19大流行期间的重要性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0006
Edyta Janus, B. Szewczyk-Taranek, A. Smrokowska-Reichmann
Abstract This article describes the changes taking place in the functions of allotment gardens, their perceived value, reasons for purchasing allotments and subjective (self-reported) assessments of their importance during the pandemic. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 203 owners of allotment gardens located in three highly urbanised cities in the Silesian Voivodeship (Southern Poland). Semi-structured questionnaires and non-standardised questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results demonstrate that the respondents aged above 61 years (38.5%) have observed a generational change in the function of allotments, from cultivating fruits and vegetables to recreational purposes. Regardless of age, the owners of allotment gardens did not notice any technological progress or new crops. The young respondents (21–30 years) treated allotment gardens as an investment (36.7%), while the respondents aged below 20 years and over 61 years declared that the greatest benefits of allotment gardening are improved health and growing one’s own fruits and vegetables. The respondents aged over 41 years (25.9%) also pointed out the importance of growing their own produce. Allotments were especially important during the pandemic as a private space free from COVID-related restrictions. Extended interviews with the respondents revealed that allotment gardening was perceived as a coping strategy for the stress generated during the lockdown. This study showed that allotment gardens are important sites not only for food production but also for maintaining mental health, social capital and environmental engagement.
摘要本文描述了分配花园功能的变化、其感知价值、购买分配的原因以及对其重要性的主观(自我报告)评估。对西里西亚省(波兰南部)三个高度城市化城市的203名分配花园业主进行了问卷调查。采用半结构化问卷和非标准化问卷进行数据收集。结果表明,61岁以上的受访者(38.5%)观察到分配功能的代际变化,从种植水果和蔬菜到娱乐目的。无论年龄大小,分配花园的所有者都没有注意到任何技术进步或新作物。年轻受访者(21-30岁)将分配花园视为一种投资(36.7%),而年龄在20岁以下和61岁以上的受访者则表示,分配花园的最大好处是改善健康和种植自己的水果和蔬菜。年龄在41岁以上的受访者(25.9%)也指出了种植自己的农产品的重要性。在疫情期间,作为一个没有新冠肺炎相关限制的私人空间,分配尤为重要。对受访者的长期采访显示,分配园艺被视为应对封锁期间产生的压力的一种策略。这项研究表明,分配花园不仅是粮食生产的重要场所,也是保持心理健康、社会资本和环境参与的重要场所。
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引用次数: 3
Therapeutic horticulture as a potential tool of preventive geriatric medicine improving health, well-being and life quality – A systematic review 治疗性园艺作为预防性老年医学的潜在工具,改善健康、福祉和生活质量——系统综述
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0008
Anna Heród, B. Szewczyk-Taranek, B. Pawłowska
Abstract The global population of older people grows systematically and with age, the physical and cognitive abilities of people decline. The amount of evidence that gardening may provide substantial health benefits and enhance the quality of ageing is increasing. This paper presents a systematic review of the therapeutic effects of horticulture and gardening on clients aged ≥60 years. It encompasses articles published in English between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021. The literature survey shows that the interest in the topic has grown significantly in recent years as over half of the published studies are from 2019 to 2021. Most of this work was done in Asia (60%), America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The most commonly used interventions were active horticultural therapy programs or gardening, but 20% of the studies explored the passive connection of being outside. The fitness of the elderly was measured using 33 psychological tests, 32 physiological and functional parameters and different kinds of self-developed questionnaires and interviews. The most commonly used psychological tests were the Geriatric Depression Scale, Self-rated Health and Quality of Life, Mini-Mental State Examination, Friendship Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire. The physiological and functional parameters included heart rate variability, blood pressure, electroencephalography, brain nerve growth factors, and different types of biomarkers. The study outcomes demonstrated positive results of horticultural therapy on human health and well-being, particularly in a psychological dimension and to a smaller but still significant extent physiological aspect.
全球老年人口系统增长,随着年龄的增长,人们的身体和认知能力下降。越来越多的证据表明,园艺可以提供实质性的健康益处,并提高老龄化的质量。本文系统回顾了园艺和园艺对年龄≥60岁的客户的治疗效果。它涵盖了2010年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间发表的英文文章。文献调查显示,近年来对该主题的兴趣显著增长,因为超过一半的已发表研究是在2019年至2021年之间。其中大部分工作是在亚洲(60%)、美洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和新西兰完成的。最常用的干预措施是积极的园艺治疗项目或园艺,但20%的研究探索了户外活动的被动联系。采用33项心理测试、32项生理和功能参数以及自行编制的各种问卷和访谈对老年人的健康状况进行了测量。最常用的心理测试是老年抑郁量表、自评健康与生活质量量表、简易心理状态量表、友谊量表、卢本社会网络量表和对衰老的态度问卷。生理和功能参数包括心率变异性、血压、脑电图、脑神经生长因子和不同类型的生物标志物。研究结果表明,园艺疗法对人类健康和福祉产生了积极的影响,特别是在心理方面,以及在较小但仍很重要的生理方面。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative RNA-Seq analysis to understand anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulations in Curcuma alismatifolia 比较RNA-Seq分析以了解泽泻花青素的生物合成和调控
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-05-08 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0007
Yuan-Yuan Li, Xiao-Huang Chen, Huiyang Yu, Qilin Tian, Luanmei Lu
Abstract Anthocyanins play a critical role in flower colour pattern formation, and their biosynthesis is typically regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Curcuma alismatifolia is a well-known ornamental plant with colourful flowers. However, little is known about the genes that regulate anthocyanin accumulation in C. alismatifolia. In the present study, high-quality RNA was extracted from three flowering stages of ‘Dutch Red’ and the blossoming stage of ‘Chocolate’. In all, 576.45 Mb clean data and 159,687 de-redundant sequences were captured. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the most enriched. Thirty unique isoforms were annotated as encoding enzymes or TFs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further analysis showed that the up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was associated with the red colour formation of ‘Dutch Red’, and their expression was induced at the initial flowering stage. The gene flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the formation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, reduced expression in ‘Chocolate’. In addition, we identified totally 14 TFs including 11 MYB proteins and 3 WD proteins, which might play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) results were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. Together, the results of our study provide a valuable resource for the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. alismatifolia and for the breeding of Curcuma cultivars with novel and charming flower colours.
摘要花青素在花色图案的形成中起着至关重要的作用,其生物合成通常受转录因子(transcription factors, TFs)调控。姜黄是一种著名的观赏植物,花色鲜艳。然而,调控茜草花青素积累的基因却知之甚少。在本研究中,从“荷兰红”的三个开花阶段和“巧克力”的开花阶段提取了高质量的RNA。总共捕获了576.45 Mb干净数据和159,687个去冗余序列。京都基因与基因组百科分析显示,苯丙类生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成途径、萜类主链生物合成途径富集程度最高。30种独特的异构体被标注为编码参与花青素生物合成的酶或tf。进一步分析表明,花青素生物合成基因的上调与‘荷兰红’的红色形成有关,其表达是在开花初期诱导的。基因类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶是形成飞燕草苷基花青素的关键酶,在“巧克力”中表达减少。此外,我们共鉴定出14个tf,其中MYB蛋白11个,WD蛋白3个,可能在花青素的生物合成中发挥重要作用。定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)结果与高通量测序结果基本一致。本研究结果为进一步研究姜黄花青素合成的调控机制和培育花色新颖的姜黄品种提供了宝贵的资源。
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引用次数: 1
Screening of composite substrates suitable for tissue-cultured plantlets growth of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr 适合南美白芦笋组织培养苗生长的复合基质的筛选
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0004
Xiaosong Yu, Lin Li, Yongquan Li, Z. Liu, N. Yang, Ming-sheng Zhang
Abstract Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr is a medicinal, edible and horticulture plant. Seedling breeding relies on tissue-cultured technology, but the transplant from tissue-cultured seedlings to field cultivation poses a problem in the large-scale production of A. cochinchinensis. Tissue-cultured seedlings of A. cochinchinensis were used as materials, and they were transplanted into the substrates that were mixed with coconut bran, peat, vermiculite, perlite or garden soil. The analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, combined with the survival rate of seedlings, the aboveground parameters (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight), underground parameters (root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length, root diameter, root surface area and root volume) and physiological indexes (malondialdehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll and root vigour), allow us to understand the effects of different combination substrates on the growth and physiology of A. cochinchinensis tissue-cultured seedlings. We concluded that the survival rate of seedlings was negatively correlated with the bulk density and conductivity and was positively correlated with the porosity in the substrate. The membership function was used to comprehensively evaluate the indexes of each combination substrate, and it was concluded that coconut bran:perlite:vermiculite = 33.33%:33.33%:33.33% (bulk density = 0.23 g · cm−3, total porosity = 65.07%, pH = 6.30, conductivity = 0.51 mS · cm−1) scored the highest, the survival rate of seedlings reached 87.10%, the aboveground and underground growth were vigorous and the quality was better than other substrates. This research provides technical support for the efficient cultivation of tissue-cultured seedlings of A. cochinchinensis and reduces the cost of raising seedlings.
摘要芦笋是一种药用、食用和园艺植物。育苗依赖于组织培养技术,但从组织培养的幼苗移植到田间栽培,给胭脂虫的大规模生产带来了问题。以胭脂虫的组织培养苗为材料,将其移植到与椰子皮、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩或花园土壤混合的基质中。基质的理化性质分析,结合幼苗的存活率、地上参数(株高、茎径、鲜重和干重),地下参数(根鲜重、根干重、根长、根径、根表面积和根体积)和生理指标(丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、叶绿素和根系活力),使我们能够了解不同组合基质对胭脂虫组织培养苗生长和生理的影响。我们得出的结论是,幼苗的存活率与体积密度和电导率呈负相关,与基质中的孔隙率呈正相关。利用隶属函数对各组合基质的各项指标进行综合评价,得出椰子糠:珍珠岩:蛭石=33.33%:33.33%(容重=0.23 g·cm−3,总孔隙率=65.07%,pH=6.30,电导率=0.51 mS·cm−1)得分最高,幼苗成活率达87.10%,地上和地下生长旺盛,品质优于其他基质。本研究为高效培育胭脂虫组织培养苗提供了技术支持,降低了育苗成本。
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引用次数: 1
Differences in health-promoting properties in civilisation diseases of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies harvested from three flushes 三次冲洗双孢蘑菇子实体在文明疾病中促进健康特性的差异
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0002
A. Włodarczyk, A. Krakowska, J. Lazur, K. Sułkowska-Ziaja, B. Muszyńska
Abstract A controlled environment and composition of the compost used for the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus can allow fruiting bodies with increased nutritional value to be obtained. The present study aimed first to investigate the content of bioelements in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus harvested from three flushes of cultivation and to estimate which elements are accumulated most effectively by determination of bioconcentration factor (BCF). The second aim of the study is to determine the amount of selected organic compounds in the A. bisporus fruiting bodies harvested from three flushes of cultivation and to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Among the three examined A. bisporus flushes, the first is considered the most valuable, since it was rich in dietary and nutritional substances, and has shown promise of antioxidant and antidepressant activities. The present study is the first to describe a complex evaluation of the content of bioactive substances and antioxidant activity in three different cultivation flushes of A. bisporus fruiting bodies.
摘要用于双孢蘑菇商业生产的堆肥的控制环境和组成可以使子实体获得更高的营养价值。本研究旨在首先调查从三次培养中收获的双孢A.bisporus子实体中的生物元素含量,并通过测定生物富集因子(BCF)来估计哪些元素积累最有效。该研究的第二个目的是确定从三次冲洗培养中收获的双孢A.bisporus子实体中所选有机化合物的量,并评估其抗氧化活性。在三种检查的双孢蘑菇潮红中,第一种被认为是最有价值的,因为它富含膳食和营养物质,并且显示出抗氧化和抗抑郁活性的前景。本研究首次描述了对双孢霉子实体三种不同培养液中生物活性物质含量和抗氧化活性的复杂评估。
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引用次数: 0
Agronomic traits, secondary metabolites and element concentrations of Lavandula angustifolia leaves as a response to single or reiterated drought stress: How effective is the previously experienced stress? 单次或多次干旱胁迫对薰衣草叶片农艺性状、次生代谢物和元素浓度的影响:先前经历的干旱胁迫有多有效?
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0005
A. Kumlay, Mehmet Zeki Koçak, G. Gohari, M. Nouraein, Ferdi Celikcan, Mustafa Guven Kaysim, M. Kulak
Abstract In nature, plants are constantly challenged by an array of drought episodes, which critically affect the distribution of the plants. The drought episodes might occur recurrently, so the plants endure drought by adjusting and shifting their metabolisms. The impacts of subjecting plants to drought stress have been widely investigated, but reports on how reiterated drought stress affects the plants are limited. The present study was designed to investigate the response of lavender, a reputed medicinal and aromatic plant, against single drought, recovery and reiterated drought stress at greenhouse conditions. In this regard, the experimental design was based on three cycles of 11 days of drought by withholding water, followed by subsequent periods of 6 days of recovery, and then double-stressed and single-stressed periods. As expected, the present findings revealed that single stress decreased the fresh and dry weights of the leaf, stem and root. Reiterated drought stress caused critical reductions in the fresh weight of the leaf, stem and root, while the dry weight of stem and root were not significantly affected. Of the estimated traits, only the dry weight of leaf increased with reiterated drought stress. The mineral status of the leaves was adversely affected with single stress, but the effects of recovery and reiterated stress were not in accordance with the improvement in water contents of the leaf and soil. Regarding essential oil compounds, eucalyptol, camphor and endo-borneol were predominant. Single and reiterated drought stress increased camphor percentage, while recovery and full irrigation decreased the percentage. Endo-borneol was decreased under single stress, but reiterated stress increased the percentage of the compound. Considering the phenolic acids, stressed and non-stressed groups were well discriminated and hence, phenolic acids might be useful as good indicators of the stress response in lavender.
摘要在自然界中,植物不断受到一系列干旱事件的挑战,这些干旱事件严重影响了植物的分布。干旱事件可能会反复发生,因此植物通过调整和改变新陈代谢来忍受干旱。对植物遭受干旱胁迫的影响进行了广泛的研究,但关于反复干旱胁迫如何影响植物的报道有限。本研究旨在研究薰衣草,一种著名的药用和芳香植物,在温室条件下对单一干旱、恢复和反复干旱胁迫的反应。在这方面,实验设计基于三个周期,即11天的干旱,蓄水,然后是6天的恢复期,然后是双重胁迫期和单一胁迫期。正如预期的那样,目前的研究结果表明,单一胁迫降低了叶片、茎和根的鲜重和干重。反复干旱胁迫导致叶片、茎和根的鲜重显著减少,而茎和根干重没有受到显著影响。在估计的性状中,只有叶片的干重随着重复干旱胁迫而增加。单一胁迫对叶片的矿质状态有不利影响,但恢复和重复胁迫的效果与叶片和土壤含水量的改善不一致。精油类化合物以桉树醇、樟脑和龙脑为主。单一和重复干旱胁迫增加了樟脑的百分比,而恢复和充分灌溉降低了百分比。单次胁迫下内源性冰片含量降低,但重复胁迫使复合物的含量增加。考虑到酚酸,应激组和非应激组得到了很好的区分,因此,酚酸可能是薰衣草应激反应的良好指标。
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引用次数: 0
Outcomes of foliar iodine application on growth, minerals and antioxidants in tomato plants under salt stress 盐胁迫下叶面施碘对番茄生长、矿物质和抗氧化剂的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0003
José E. García Fuentes, Biaani F. Herrera Castellanos, E. N. R. Martínez, W. A. N. Ortiz, A. Mendoza, Julia Medrano Macías
Abstract Plant biostimulants have been used to reduce the damage caused by different types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Iodine (I) is a non-essential element in plants. Still, it is considered beneficial and a biostimulant, since exogenous application can enhance the redox metabolism, which improves antioxidants, synergies with essential minerals and increases tolerance to adverse factors. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of iodine; so, it is advantageous to undertake research that elucidates the impact of this element on plant physiology, which is expected to encourage the productive agricultural sector to use this element with additional biofortification benefit. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of foliar KIO3 applications every 15 days at 100 μM, on growth, mineral content and antioxidants in tomato plants grown under greenhouse conditions subjected to salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). The results showed that iodine did not mitigate the adverse impact of salinity on fresh or dry biomass but increased fruit production by 23%. A greater amount of N and Fe was also found in the leaves but not in the fruits; the same happened with the iodine concentration, which was high in the leaves of the treated plants but not in tomato fruits. The content of Ca and Mg in fruits was decreased in plants treated with iodine, as well as the activity of the GPX, lycopene and the antioxidant potential. None of the fruit quality variables were affected by salinity with or without application of iodine.
摘要植物生物刺激剂已被用于减少不同类型的生物和非生物胁迫造成的损害。碘(I)是植物中的非必需元素。尽管如此,它被认为是有益的,也是一种生物刺激剂,因为外源性应用可以增强氧化还原代谢,从而提高抗氧化剂、与必需矿物质的协同作用,并提高对不利因素的耐受性。然而,人们对碘的作用机制知之甚少;因此,进行研究阐明这种元素对植物生理学的影响是有利的,这有望鼓励生产性农业部门使用这种元素,并带来额外的生物强化效益。本研究的目的是评估每15天在100μM下叶面施用KIO3对在盐度胁迫(100mM NaCl)的温室条件下生长的番茄植株的生长、矿物质含量和抗氧化剂的影响。结果表明,碘并没有减轻盐度对新鲜或干燥生物量的不利影响,但能使果实产量增加23%。在叶片中也发现了大量的N和Fe,但在果实中没有发现;同样的情况也发生在碘浓度上,处理植物的叶片中碘浓度很高,但番茄果实中碘浓度不高。碘处理降低了果实中钙和镁的含量,降低了GPX、番茄红素的活性和抗氧化能力。无论是否施用碘,果实质量变量都不受盐度的影响。
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引用次数: 7
Zinc sulphate or zinc nanoparticle applications to leaves of green beans 硫酸锌或纳米锌在四季豆叶片上的应用
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0028
Jaime Bautista-Diaz, Oscar Cruz-Álvarez, O. A. Hernández-Rodríguez, E. Sánchez-Chávez, J. L. Jacobo-Cuellar, P. Preciado-Rangel, G. Ávila-Quezada, D. Ojeda-Barrios
Abstract The green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a very widely grown food crop that contributes significantly to human dietary needs in many countries due to its high content of protein. This study evaluates foliar applications of ZnSO4 versus that of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to leaves of the green bean cv. ‘Strike’ and records the plant responses in terms of Zn uptake and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and bioactive compounds. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Chihuahua, Mexico, with a completely randomised experimental design with 10 replicates. The two treatments were foliar applications of either an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 or an aqueous suspension of ZnO NPs (both 150 mg · L−1). The application of ZnO NPs significantly increased concentrations of Zn2+ in the leaflets, roots, stems and pods of chlorophylls a and b (values 15.40 μg · g−1 and 11.64 μg · g−1, respectively). Sucrose concentration was also increased by Zn2+ applications, but no differences were found in total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TFl) or antioxidant capacity (AC). In the pods and seeds, Zn2+ application left sucrose and TFl concentrations unchanged, but the TP increase was significant. The AC was affected by both zinc sources and only in the pods. The applications of ZnSO4 or ZnO NPs significantly increased the biomass accumulation (79.10 g · p−1 and 84.70 g · p−1 DW) and yield (55.64 g · p−1 and 53.80 g · p−1 FW). These results suggest that the application of ZnO NPs could represent a worthwhile biofortification strategy in the commercial production of green bean cv. ‘Strike’.
摘要绿豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是一种种植广泛的粮食作物,由于其蛋白质含量高,在许多国家对人类饮食需求做出了重大贡献。本研究评估了ZnSO4与氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)在绿豆“Strike”叶片上的叶面应用,并记录了植物对锌的吸收以及光合色素和生物活性化合物的浓度。该实验在墨西哥奇瓦瓦的温室条件下进行,采用完全随机的实验设计,共有10个重复。这两种处理是ZnSO4水溶液或ZnO NP水悬浮液(均为150 mg·L−1)的叶面施用。ZnO NPs的施用显著增加了叶绿素a和叶绿素b的小叶、根、茎和荚中的Zn2+浓度(分别为15.40μg·g−1和11.64μg·g-1)。Zn2+的应用也增加了蔗糖的浓度,但总酚(TP)、总黄酮(TFl)或抗氧化能力(AC)没有差异。在荚和种子中,施用Zn2+使蔗糖和TFl浓度保持不变,但TP显著增加。AC受到两种锌源的影响,并且仅在豆荚中受到影响。ZnSO4或ZnO NPs的施用显著增加了生物量积累(79.10 g·p−1和84.70 g·p–1 DW)和产量(55.64 g·p‐1和53.80 g·p‑1 FW)。这些结果表明,ZnO纳米颗粒的应用可以代表一种有价值的生物强化策略,用于绿豆品种“Strike”的商业生产。
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引用次数: 13
Reduction of chilling injury of ‘Washington’ navel orange fruits by melatonin treatments during cold storage 褪黑素处理减少“华盛顿”脐橙果实冷藏过程中的冷害
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0026
M. Aboryia, A. A. Lo’ay, A. Omar
Abstract Cold storage is used to improve the efficiency of storage and handling of orange fruits, but the fruits are exposed to chilling injury (CI). Antioxidant enzymes are part of the antioxidant defence system against CI of ‘Washington’ oranges during cold storage, which controls storage/handling efficiency. In this study, melatonin (ME) was used on fruits to reduce cold damage. To assess the action of ME influences; fruits were picked from the tree at the commercial maturity stage and divided into two groups that were uniform in size and colour. Then, they were immersed in ME solution at 0 mmol, 10 mmol, 100 mmol or 1,000 mmol for 20 min at 20 ± 1 °C. The treated fruits were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and 95 ± 1% RH for 4 weeks during 2019 and 2020 seasons. The physical and chemical characteristics of the stored fruits were measured every week up to the end of the storage period. Results indicated that immersing fruits in 1,000 μM ME minimised the CI-index and the water loss%, while preserving the orange peel colour (h°) during cold storage. On the other hand, the same treatment caused slight changes in soluble solid content (SSC%), maintained ascorbic acid (AA) content and the stability of total acidity (TA%), enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities (AEAs) such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and also reduced the rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ion leakage (IL) during cold storage. Moreover, it minimised hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•−) production and caused pronounced results to be exhibited in antioxidant capacity. Overall, the 1,000 μM ME treatment for orange fruits afforded more tolerance against cold storage stress.
摘要冷藏是提高柑橘果实贮藏和处理效率的一种手段,但柑橘果实易受到冷害。抗氧化酶是“华盛顿”橙子在冷藏期间抗CI的抗氧化防御系统的一部分,它控制着储存/处理效率。在这项研究中,褪黑素(ME)被用于水果以减少冷损伤。评估ME影响的行动;果实在商业成熟期从树上摘下来,分成大小和颜色一致的两组。然后在20±1℃条件下,分别在0 mmol、10 mmol、100 mmol或1000 mmol的ME溶液中浸泡20 min。处理后的果实分别于2019和2020两季在4±1℃、95±1% RH条件下保存4周。贮存期结束前,每周对贮藏果实的物理和化学特性进行测定。结果表明,在1000 μM ME中浸泡可使果皮的ci指数和水分损失率降到最低,并能在冷藏过程中保持果皮颜色(h°)。另一方面,同样的处理使可溶性固形物含量(SSC%)略有变化,维持了抗坏血酸(AA)含量和总酸度(TA%)的稳定性,提高了抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化酶歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶活性(AEAs),降低了冷藏过程中丙二醛(MDA)和离子泄漏(IL)的速率。此外,它最大限度地减少了过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子(O2•−)的产生,并在抗氧化能力方面表现出明显的效果。总体而言,1000 μM ME处理对柑橘果实的耐受性更强。
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引用次数: 2
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Folia Horticulturae
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