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Evaluation of the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical compositions of introduced red currant cultivars and Russian breeding genotypes in temperate continental climate 引种红醋栗品种和俄罗斯育种基因型在温带大陆性气候下的生长、耐旱性和生化成分评价
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0023
O. Panfilova, V. Okatan, M. Tsoy, O. Golyaeva, S. Knyazev, I. Kahramanoğlu
Abstract The aim of the work was to study the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical characteristics of introduced cultivars (‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and ‘Viksne’) and some selected Russian cultivars and red currant genotypes (‘Shchedraya’, ‘Natali’, 129-21-61, 111-19-81, 261-65-19 and 271-58-24). The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2018 under temperate continental climate conditions. The intensity of transpiration was determined by using a torsion balance. The soluble solid concentration (SSS – % Brix) of the fruits was determined by using a digital refractomer. The content of the sum of sugars was determined by the weight method according to Bertrand's method. Ascorbic acid content was then determined by the iodometric method. The total phenolic content was determined by a colourimetric method. Climatic conditions were found to have significant influence on the disease severity of the red currant genotypes, while the infections caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uvae increased in optimum seasons and damages caused by Pseudopeziza ribis increased in drought seasons. None of the selected genotypes was found to be resistant to any of the diseases/pests, but ‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and 111-19-81 were less affected by these diseases/pests. Weight, yield and raceme length of berries and the number of berries in a raceme were found to be higher in optimum seasons, and different cultivars/genotypes had superior characteristics for different parameters. The highest berry weight was observed in the 261-65-19 genotype (0.65 g), while the highest yield was noted in ‘Hollandische Rote’ (15.6 t · ha−1). It was also found that the water content of leaves and transpiration have a strong positive relationship with soil moisture at a depth of 0–200 mm but a week correlation with soil moisture at a depth of 200–400 mm. Results also showed that the transpiration of leaves decreases in later developmental stages (July). Hierarchical clustering suggested four clusters: the introduced cultivars produced one cluster, Russian cultivars are another cluster, 261-65-19, 111-19-81 and 129-21-61 genotypes make up a third cluster and the 271-58-24 genotype (superior in terms of phenolic contents) forms the fourth cluster.
摘要本研究的目的是研究引进品种(“Jonkheer van Tets”、“Hollandische Rote”和“Viksne”)和一些选定的俄罗斯品种和红加仑基因型(“Shchedraya”、“Natali”、129-21-61111-19-81、261-65-19和271-58-24)的生长、耐旱性和生化特性。这些研究于2014年至2018年在温带大陆性气候条件下进行。蒸腾强度是通过使用扭转天平来确定的。使用数字折射仪测定水果的可溶性固体浓度(SSS–%Brix)。根据Bertrand的方法通过重量法测定糖总量的含量。然后用碘量法测定抗坏血酸的含量。总酚含量通过比色法测定。气候条件对红醋栗基因型的疾病严重程度有显著影响,而在最佳季节,由小紫鞘引起的感染增加,而在干旱季节,由假葡萄引起的危害增加。没有发现所选基因型对任何疾病/害虫具有抗性,但“Jonkheer van Tets”、“Hollandische Rote”和111-19-81受这些疾病/害虫的影响较小。浆果的重量、产量、外消旋体长度和外消旋体中的浆果数量在最佳季节较高,不同品种/基因型对不同参数具有优越的特性。261-65-19基因型的浆果重量最高(0.65 g),而“Hollandische Rote”的产量最高(15.6 t·ha−1)。研究还发现,叶片含水量和蒸腾作用与0~200mm深度的土壤水分呈正相关,但与200-400mm深度的土壤湿度呈正相关。结果还表明,叶片蒸腾作用在发育后期(7月)减少。层次聚类表明有四个聚类:引进品种产生一个聚类,俄罗斯品种是另一个聚类。261-65-19、111-19-81和129-21-61基因型组成第三个聚类,271-58-24基因型(酚类含量较高)组成第四个聚类。
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引用次数: 6
Are prohexadione calcium and Pseudomonas fluorescens a solution to limit the spread of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) on football pitches? 前己二酮钙和荧光假单胞菌是限制足球场上一年生蓝草(Poa annua L.)传播的解决方案吗?
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0021
T. Bohinc, Barbara Zanelli, M. Vidrih, S. Trdan
Abstract In 2020, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the suppression of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), which is a difficult weed to manage in cool-season in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. The efficacy of prohexadione calcium (Pc), ethephon (Eth) and Pseudomonas fluorescens against P. annua, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis was tested, as the latter two most commonly occur in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. Mesotrione (Mes) was used as a positive control, and nontreated grass was used as a negative control. Only a single grass species was sown in each pot. Treatments were randomly distributed for two experiments conducted separately: first – unmown grass before the beginning of spraying and second – grass mowed before the beginning of spraying. In both experiments, plant height and the number of tillers were measured/counted several times during the growing season. In both experiments, grasses were sprayed six times with Pc, Eth and P. fluorescens, while Mes was applied twice. Based on the performed study, the efficacy of the tested products is connected to grass species and whether the grass was mowed/cut before spraying. It has been detected in the present study that spraying with Pc could reduce the height of annual bluegrass, while spraying with P. fluorescens has reduced the number of tillers. Spraying was more effective on grasses that were mowed/cut before the beginning of spraying. Mes should cause severe damage to annual bluegrass but without confirmation in this study. Results of this study have indicated that the application of Pc and P. fluorescens can inhibit the spread of annual bluegrass in football pitches; however, testing their effectiveness against P. annua under field conditions should be performed as well.
摘要2020年,进行了一项温室实验,以研究对一年生早熟禾(Poa annua)的抑制作用。早熟禾是足球场上草坪草混合物中一种在凉爽季节难以管理的杂草。测试了前六酮钙(Pc)、乙烯利(Eth)和荧光假单胞菌对P.annua、Lolium perenne和Poa pratensis的效力,因为后两种最常见于足球场上的草坪草混合物中。Mes作为阳性对照,未处理的草作为阴性对照。每个花盆里只播种一种草。对分别进行的两个实验随机分配处理:第一个是在喷洒开始前割草,第二个是在开始喷洒前割草。在这两个实验中,在生长季节对株高和分蘖数进行了多次测量/计数。在这两个实验中,草被喷洒了六次Pc、Eth和P.fluorescens,而Mes被喷洒了两次。根据所进行的研究,测试产品的功效与草种以及喷洒前是否割草有关。本研究发现,喷洒Pc可以降低一年生蓝草的高度,而喷洒荧光假单胞菌可以减少分蘖数量。喷洒对在喷洒开始前割草/割草的草更有效。梅斯应该会对一年生蓝草造成严重损害,但在本研究中没有得到证实。本研究结果表明,荧光粉和荧光粉的应用可以抑制足球场中一年生蓝草的传播;然而,也应该在田间条件下测试它们对P.annua的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates 嫁接在不同砧木上的‘峰顶’樱桃树茎解剖与水力导度、营养生长和产量潜力的关系研究
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0019
Tijana Narandžić, M. Ljubojević, Jovanka Ostojic, G. Barać, V. Ognjanov
Abstract Severe climate alterations that seriously challenge fruit production, combined with the demand for healthy, pesticide-free fruits, continuously direct rootstock/cultivar selection towards high adaptable varieties breeding. This study aimed to investigate the rootstocks’ influence on the performance of grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees, including potentially dwarfing Prunus cerasus, Prunus fruticosa and Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidates. Anatomical properties of rootstock and scion stems were investigated to determine variation among different rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations and to establish the link between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential. Cross-section anatomical characteristics varied significantly both in rootstock and scion stems, indicating a clear influence of rootstock genotype on grafted sweet cherry trees. It was observed that all investigated cherry rootstock candidates belong to the low-vigorous rootstocks, based on the estimated effective crown volume of grafted trees compared to ‘Gisela 5’, with values ranging from 0.86 to 2.97 m3 in the fifth year after planting. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential, with correlation coefficients up to 0.96. Significantly higher effective crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductance of trees grafted on P. cerasus compared to the trees on control, as well as highest yielding potential, showed better adaptation of these rootstock candidates in the trial without irrigation implemented. It was found that PC_05_04 rootstock candidate could be considered as the most appropriate choice when raising the high-density sweet cherry plantations, due to assessed parameters of vegetative and generative growth.
摘要严峻的气候变化对水果生产构成了严峻的挑战,加之人们对健康、无农药水果的需求,不断地将砧木/栽培品种的选择导向高适应性品种的选育。本研究旨在研究砧木对嫁接“峰顶”樱桃树性能的影响,包括潜在矮化的樱桃砧木、樱桃砧木和mahaleb砧木候选砧木。研究了砧木和接穗茎的解剖特性,以确定不同砧木和接穗-砧木组合之间的差异,并建立树干水力导度、有效树冠体积和产量潜力之间的联系。砧木和接穗茎的截面解剖特征差异显著,表明砧木基因型对嫁接的甜樱桃树有明显的影响。结果表明,与“吉塞拉5号”相比,嫁接后第5年的有效树冠体积在0.86 ~ 2.97 m3之间,所有候选砧木均属于低活力砧木。结果表明:树干水力导度、有效树冠体积与产量势呈显著正相关,相关系数达0.96;在不灌水的情况下,嫁接在杉木上的树木的有效树冠体积和树干水力导度显著高于对照,并且具有最高的产量潜力,表明这些候选砧木在不灌水的情况下具有更好的适应性。结果表明,PC_05_04砧木候选品种在高密度甜樱桃人工林栽培中最适宜。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies on some morphological and physiological properties and nutrient uptake by two almond rootstocks 氮、磷、钾缺乏对两种杏仁砧木某些形态、生理特性及养分吸收的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0018
A. Mirsoleimani, M. Najafi-Ghiri, H. Heydari, S. Farokhzadeh
Abstract A soilless culture and completely randomised two-factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies on macronutrient uptake and to determine some characteristics of Prunus dulcis L. (bitter almond: BA) and Prunus scoparia L. (Alook: AL) seedlings. Seedlings in pots containing perlite were irrigated with half-strength, N-, P- and K-free Hoagland solutions for 12 wk. Results showed that N deficiency decreased the N and Ca levels and increased the K concentration in the shoots of both rootstocks. Phosphorus deficiency decreased N and P concentrations of both seedlings, as well as the Ca and Mg concentrations of BA seedlings. Potassium deficiency decreased the K concentration of the BA seedlings and decreased N, K and Ca concentrations of the AL seedlings. In the BA seedlings, only the fresh weight of the shoot decreased under the P deficiency condition; the other morphological traits of shoots in this genotype and none of the traits in the AL seedlings were affected by P deficiency. Furthermore, both the rootstocks can maintain their optimal growth even at very low concentration of K; this shows that both rootstocks consume K in a luxurious way. Under nutrient-deficient conditions, the AL seedling has greater ability to maintain the N concentration or uptake it more than the BA seedling. The N P and K deficiency conditions disturbed the electron transfer cycle of photosystem II in the AL leaves and caused a response. Most root traits of the AL seedling were not changed under nutrient deficiency, and this indicates a high tolerance of the AL roots compared to the BA roots or lower demand in this genotype for these elements. The characteristics of P. scoparia seedlings were less affected by the deficiency of these three elements, and therefore, P. scoparia rootstock is preferred to BA for weak and non-fertile soils.
摘要采用无土栽培和完全随机双因子试验,研究了缺氮、缺磷、缺钾对大白菜幼苗大量养分吸收的影响,并测定了苦杏(BA)和东莨菪碱(Alook:AL)幼苗的一些特性。将盛有珍珠岩的花盆中的幼苗用半强度、无氮、无磷和无钾的Hoagland溶液灌溉12周。结果表明,缺氮降低了两种砧木枝条中的N和Ca水平,增加了K浓度。缺磷降低了两株幼苗的N和P浓度,也降低了BA幼苗的Ca和Mg浓度。缺钾降低了BA幼苗的K浓度,降低了AL幼苗的N、K和Ca浓度。BA幼苗在缺磷条件下,只有芽鲜重下降;该基因型芽的其他形态性状和AL幼苗中的任何性状都不受缺磷的影响。此外,即使在非常低的K浓度下,两种砧木也能保持其最佳生长;这表明两种砧木都以奢侈的方式消耗K。在营养缺乏的条件下,AL幼苗比BA幼苗具有更大的维持氮浓度或吸收氮的能力。氮磷钾缺乏条件干扰了AL叶片中光系统II的电子转移循环,并引起了反应。在营养缺乏的情况下,AL幼苗的大多数根系性状没有改变,这表明与BA根系相比,AL根系具有较高的耐受性,或者该基因型对这些元素的需求较低。这三种元素的缺乏对东莨菪幼苗特性的影响较小,因此,在弱土和非肥沃土壤中,东莨菪的砧木优于BA。
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引用次数: 1
Influences of girdling and potassium treatments on fruit quality and some physiological characters of ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety 环剥和钾肥处理对‘弗里蒙特’柑橘果实品质及某些生理特性的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0015
Tuğba Ülker, M. Kamiloğlu
Abstract Growing citrus involves cultural treatments such as girdling and foliar potassium treatment to increase fruit size, yield and quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double stem girdling, potassium nitrate (KNO3) treatment on leaves and combinations of these treatments on the fruit yield, size and quality characteristics, leaf chlorophyll concentration and leaf nitrogen content, leaf fluorescence (PSII) and leaf sugar content of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety. Girdling treatments were applied on the stem by removing 4 mm wide ring of bark at the end of anthesis and after the June fruit drop. Foliar KNO3 applications were applied at a concentration of 4% twice (90 days and 120 days after full anthesis) in the experiment. The single girdling (SG) and double girdling (DG) treatments on stems increased fruit yield (kg · tree−1) by approximately 40% relative to the control (C). Treatments did not significantly affect the internal fruit quality of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety except in fruit colour and appearance. The highest impact on fruit size was found in the DG + KNO3 treatment. According to treatments and periods, the SPAD values varied between 62.08 and 70.67, whereas the PSII values varied between 0.698 and 0.756. The treatments significantly increased the leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and the fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations relative to the control. The highest N concentration content was detected in the foliar potassium treatment, and the highest total sugar content was detected in the SG treatment.
摘要种植柑橘需要进行环剥和叶面钾处理等栽培处理,以增加果实大小、产量和质量。本研究的目的是评估单茎和双茎环剥、硝酸钾(KNO3)对叶片的处理以及这些处理的组合对“Fremont”柑橘品种的产量、大小和质量特征、叶片叶绿素浓度和叶片氮含量、叶片荧光(PSII)和叶糖含量的影响。在开花末期和六月落果后,通过去除4mm宽的树皮环对茎进行围带处理。在实验中,以4%的浓度施用叶面KNO3两次(开花后90天和120天)。茎上单环剥(SG)和双环剥(DG)处理的果实产量(kg·tree−1)比对照(C)增加了约40%。除果实颜色和外观外,处理对“弗里蒙特”柑橘品种的内部果实质量没有显著影响。DG+KNO3处理对果实大小的影响最大。根据处理和周期,SPAD值在62.08和70.67之间变化,而PSII值在0.698和0.756之间变化。与对照相比,处理显著提高了叶片氮浓度以及果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖浓度。叶面钾处理的N浓度含量最高,SG处理的总糖含量最高。
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引用次数: 3
Silicon dioxide-nanoparticle nutrition mitigates salinity in gerbera by modulating ion accumulation and antioxidants 二氧化硅纳米颗粒营养通过调节离子积累和抗氧化剂来减轻非洲菊的盐度
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0007
H. S. Hajizadeh, M. Asadi, S. Zahedi, N. Hamzehpour, F. Rasouli, M. Helvaci, T. Alas
Abstract This work aimed to investigate the interaction between salt stress and the application of silicon dioxide-nanoparticles. In this study, gerbera plants grown in soilless culture were supplied with nutrient solutions with different NaCl concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mM) in combination with SiO2-NPs spray (0, 25 and 50 mg · L−1). Exposure of gerbera to salinity increased sodium concentration but decreased potassium and calcium concentrations in leaf as well as stem length/diameter, fresh/dry weight, leaf/flower number, flower diameter and leaf area. It also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and electrolyte leakage. Results indicated that SiO2-NPs could improve growth, biochemical and physiological traits. It increased stem thickness but slightly affected stem length. Flower diameter was not affected by salinity rates up to 10 mM of NaCl. However, a significant difference was observed between controls and plants treated with 30 mM of NaCl. Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%), malondialdehyde (83.8%), hydrogen peroxide (113.5%), and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (3.4-fold) and guaiacol peroxidase (6-fold) where SiO2-NPs activated them more, except for superoxide dismutase. Under salinity (30 mM), the increase in SiO2-NPs (especially at 25 mg · L−1) led to the increase in the uptake of Ca2+ (25.3%) as well as K+ (27.1%) and decreased absorption of Na+ (6.3%). SiO2-NPs has potential in improving salinity tolerance in gerbera. It seems that the sensitivity threshold of gerbera to the salinity was 10 mM and the use of SiO2-NPs is also effective in non-saline conditions.
摘要本工作旨在研究盐应力与二氧化硅纳米颗粒应用之间的相互作用。在本研究中,向在无土培养中生长的非洲菊植物提供不同NaCl浓度(0、5、10、20和30mM)的营养溶液,并结合SiO2 NPs喷雾(0、25和50mg·L−1)。沙鼠暴露于盐度会增加叶片中的钠浓度,但会降低叶片中的钾和钙浓度,以及茎长/直径、鲜重/干重、叶/花数、花径和叶面积。它还增加了抗氧化酶的活性和电解质渗漏。结果表明,SiO2纳米颗粒可以改善生长、生化和生理特性。它增加了茎的厚度,但对茎的长度略有影响。花的直径不受高达10mM NaCl的盐度的影响。然而,在对照和用30mM NaCl处理的植物之间观察到显著差异。盐度增加了电解质渗漏(32.5%)、丙二醛(83.8%)、过氧化氢(113.5%)和抗氧化酶活性,如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(3.4倍)和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(6倍),其中SiO2 NPs对它们的激活更多,但超氧化物歧化酶除外。在盐度(30mM)下,SiO2 NPs的增加(尤其是在25mg·L−1时)导致对Ca2+和K+的吸收增加(25.3%),对Na+的吸收减少(6.3%)。非洲菊对盐度的敏感性阈值似乎为10mM,并且在非盐水条件下使用SiO2 NP也是有效的。
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引用次数: 10
Application of plant natural products for the management of postharvest diseases in fruits 植物天然产物在果实采后病害防治中的应用
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0016
Chunpeng Wan, I. Kahramanoğlu, V. Okatan
Abstract Prevention of postharvest losses has been a very important concern in the scientific world for many centuries, since adoption of an effective means to curtail such losses is believed to help in reaching sustainability in horticultural production and prevention of hunger around the world. The main means of deterioration in fruits, which may occur after harvest, include physiological changes/losses, physical losses, biochemical changes, changes in enzymatic activities and pathological deterioration. Among these, diseases cover the most important part; the losses due to diseases range from 5% to 20%, and this figure may extend up to >50% in the cases of certain susceptible cultivars. Fungicides have been the most important tool for the management of postharvest diseases for many years, together with hygiene, cold storage and packaging. However, due to the scientifically confirmed hazards of agro-chemicals on environment and human health, the acceptability of agro-chemicals decreased and scientists turned their attention towards natural alternatives. Most tropical and subtropical fruits contain a superficial cuticle, which helps them to regulate respiration and transpiration and protects against microbial decay. However, the waxy cuticle is generally being removed or damaged during washing or other handling practices. Therefore, the application of protective coatings (including wax) has been used in the fruit industry since the twelfth century, against microbial decay and for maintaining an acceptable standard of postharvest quality. This review aims to summarise and discuss the main natural products used for this purpose, to provide a broad-in-scope guide to farmers and the fruit storage sector.
几个世纪以来,预防收获后损失一直是科学界非常关注的一个问题,因为采取有效的手段来减少这种损失被认为有助于实现园艺生产的可持续性和预防世界各地的饥饿。果实在收获后可能发生的变质主要包括生理变化/损失、物理损失、生化变化、酶活性变化和病理性变质。其中,疾病占了最重要的部分;由于病害造成的损失从5%到20%不等,在某些易感品种的情况下,这一数字可能扩大到50%到50%。多年来,杀菌剂与卫生、冷藏和包装一道一直是管理采后病害的最重要工具。然而,由于科学证实了农用化学品对环境和人类健康的危害,农用化学品的可接受性下降,科学家们将注意力转向了天然替代品。大多数热带和亚热带水果都有表皮,这有助于调节呼吸和蒸腾作用,防止微生物腐烂。然而,在清洗或其他处理过程中,蜡质角质层通常会被去除或损坏。因此,自12世纪以来,保护涂层(包括蜡)一直用于水果工业,以防止微生物腐烂并保持可接受的采后质量标准。本综述旨在总结和讨论用于这一目的的主要天然产品,为农民和水果储存部门提供广泛的指导。
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引用次数: 15
Parameters of radish phytomass (Raphanus sativus L.) determined by vermicompost and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) 蚯蚓和蚯蚓测定萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)植物群参数
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0017
P. Kováčik, K. Olšovská, S. Smoleń, Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń
Abstract In 2-year outdoor pots experiment, which was realised in the vegetation cage situated in the campus of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, both the impact of different doses of vermicompost (Vc) (0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%) and the number of earthworms (EW) (0, 10 and 20 individuals/pot) in the soil substrate were studied on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of radish yield. The achieved results show that along with the increasing quantity of Vc, the total chlorophyll content also increased proportionally. The content of vitamin C declined and the content of nitrates increased in both the aboveground and underground biomass. The weight of the roots and leaves of radish increased until the content of Vc in the substrate did not exceed 20%. Vermicompost abundance >20% led to the decline of root and leaf biomass formation. The root yield and leaf biomass were higher in the presence of 50% Vc content in the substrate, compared with the control. The EW had mostly a negative impact on radish phytomass formation, particularly both weight and root diameter. The highest percentage of roots weight decline cultivated in the treatment with EW were obtained with the least dose of Vc (10%), thereby the least quantity of fodder for the EW. The impact of EW on the total chlorophyll, vitamin C and nitrates contents in roots and leaves was non-significant. The number of EW did not influence the root diameter and content of vitamin C; however, it affected the root weight.
摘要在位于尼特拉的斯洛伐克农业大学校园内的植被笼中进行了为期2年的户外盆栽实验,研究了不同剂量的蚯蚓堆肥(Vc)(0%、10%、20%、25%和50%)和土壤基质中蚯蚓数量(0、10和20条/盆)对萝卜产量的定量和定性参数的影响。结果表明,随着Vc用量的增加,总叶绿素含量也呈比例增加。地上和地下生物量中维生素C含量下降,硝酸盐含量增加。萝卜根和叶的重量增加,直到基质中Vc的含量不超过20%。虫体丰度>20%导致根和叶生物量形成下降。与对照相比,基质中Vc含量为50%时,根系产量和叶片生物量较高。EW对萝卜植物团的形成,特别是对根重和根径都有负面影响。在EW处理中培养的根重下降百分比最高的是用最小剂量的Vc(10%),因此EW的饲料量最少。EW对根和叶中总叶绿素、维生素C和硝酸盐含量的影响不显著。EW的数量对根径和维生素C含量没有影响;但对根重有影响。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of the possibility of obtaining viable seeds from the cross-breeding Hippeastrum × chmielii Chm. with selected cultivars of Hippeastrum hybridum Hort. 杂交育种马尾草获得活种可能性的评价。与选定品种的海马菊短。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0014
P. Marciniak, A. Jędrzejuk, D. Sochacki
Abstract Hippeastrum sp. is a popular cut flower and a popular potted plant, currently occupying the 11th position among cut flowers sold on the Dutch flower auctions. Hippeastrum × chmielii was bred by Henryk Chmiel at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Poland. The aim of this study was designed to test the ability of two clones of H. × chmielii to reproduce generatively by pollinating by three cultivars of Hippeastrum hybridum – ‘Gervase’, ‘Rio Negro’ and ‘Royal Velvet’. Pollen viability was tested by germination on the medium and by acetocarmine staining. The receptiveness of the stigmas and ovules of H. × chmielii and thus their ability to possibly accept compatible pollen were checked by staining with red alizarin. The viability of pollen grains of tested cultivars was estimated at 66.4–83.0% and their high ability to develop pollen tube was found. It was determined that the embryos of both H. × chmielii clones were fully receptive. A total of 72 crossings were performed in 6 combinations. Seeds collected about 1 month after pollination were germinated immediately after harvest either on moist tissue paper on Petri dishes or in jars with distilled water. After 28 days the percentage of germinated seeds ranged between 48.3% and 77.9%, for different crosses. In the case of seeds obtained from crossing H. × chmielii clone 18 × H. hybridum ‘Gervase’ a higher average percentage of germinated seeds was obtained in jars while no differences were noted between the germination methods in other cases.
摘要海马菊(Hippeastrum)是一种受欢迎的切花和盆栽植物,目前在荷兰花卉拍卖的切花中排名第11位。chmielii是由Henryk Chmiel在波兰华沙生命科学大学(WULS)培育的。本研究旨在通过杂交马(Hippeastrum hybridum)的三个品种‘Gervase’、‘里约热内卢Negro’和‘Royal Velvet’的传粉,测试两个克隆的繁殖能力。通过培养基萌发和乙酰胭脂红染色检测花粉活力。用红茜素染色法测定了金针花柱头和胚珠的接受性,并由此测定了它们可能接受相容花粉的能力。试验品种花粉粒活力为66.4 ~ 83.0%,花粉管发育能力强。结果表明,两个克隆的胚胎均具有完全受感能力。共进行6种组合72次交叉。授粉后约1个月采集的种子在收获后立即在培养皿上的湿纸巾上发芽,或在装有蒸馏水的罐子里发芽。28 d后,不同杂交的种子发芽率在48.3% ~ 77.9%之间。在种子的情况下获得穿越h×chmielii克隆18×h . hybridum维斯的获得了更高的平均发芽种子的比例在罐子之间没有差异被发现在其他情况下的发芽方法。
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引用次数: 2
Foliar application of polyamines improve some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose 叶面施用多胺改善了玫瑰的一些形态和生理特性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0012
Fereshteh K. Yousefi, Z. Jabbarzadeh, J. Amiri, M. Rasouli-Sadaghiani, A. Shaygan
Abstract Objective This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of polyamines on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose. Materials and methods Experimental variants involved the type (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and concentration (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM) of polyamines. In this research, the plant height, number of leaves and shoots, leaf area and thickness, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem, the content of anthocyanin, soluble sugar, phenol and antioxidant capacity were measured 2 weeks after the end of experiment. Results Results indicated that among all polyamine types, putrescine has the highest effect on the morphological characteristics. Among different concentrations of polyamines, the concentration of 1 mM resulted in the highest increase in shoot fresh and dry weight. Putrescine application at 2 mM and 4 mM concentrations increased soluble sugar content. In the present study, polyamine treatment reduced the content of anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions It can be cocluded that application of polyamines improved some morphological and physiological traits in various ways.
摘要目的研究叶面喷洒多胺对玫瑰某些形态和生理特性的影响。材料和方法实验变体涉及多胺的类型(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺)和浓度(0mM、1mM、2mM和4mM)。本研究在实验结束后2周测定了植株的株高、叶和梢数、叶面积和厚度、叶和茎的鲜干重、花青素含量、可溶性糖、苯酚含量和抗氧化能力。结果在所有多胺类型中,腐胺对其形态特征的影响最大。在不同浓度的多胺中,1mM的浓度导致芽鲜重和干重的最高增加。施用2mM和4mM浓度的Putrescine增加了可溶性糖含量。在本研究中,多胺处理降低了花青素、苯酚的含量和抗氧化能力。结论多胺的应用以多种方式改善了一些形态和生理性状。
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引用次数: 8
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Folia Horticulturae
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