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Evaluation of postharvest storability of Ponkan mandarins stored at different temperatures 不同温度贮藏的蓬坎柑橘采后贮藏性评价
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0027
Nantong Cai, C. Wan, Jinyin Chen, Chuying Chen
Abstract The effects of storage temperature on postharvest storability, quality attributes and antioxidant enzyme activities of harvested Ponkan mandarins were investigated. Fresh fruits were randomly divided into four groups and stored at different temperatures [5 ± 1 °C (S5), 10 ± 1 °C (S10), 15 ± 1 °C (S15), and 20 ± 1 °C (S20 or control)] for 120 days. The results indicated that, compared with the control fruit, low-temperature storage at 10 °C significantly delayed the increase in fruit decay rate, weight loss, citrus colour index, respiration intensity, relative electrical conductivity, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, retarded the decline in L* value, retained high contents of total soluble solid, titratable acid, vitamin C, total phenol and total flavonoid, as well as higher activities of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase. The principal component analysis results showed that low-temperature storage significantly maintained the postharvest quality of Ponkan mandarins, with fruit stored at 10 °C having no significant difference from the fruit stored at 5 °C, but markedly higher than those fruit stored at 15 °C. The comprehensive result of single-factor analysis and PCA showed that 10 °C could be used as the optimum storage temperature for improving the postharvest storability of Ponkan mandarins.
摘要研究了贮藏温度对采后贮藏性、品质性状和抗氧化酶活性的影响。新鲜水果被随机分为四组,并在不同温度[5±1°C(S5),10±1°C.(S10),15±1°C.S15和20±1°CS20或对照)]下储存120天。结果表明,与对照果实相比,10°C低温贮藏显著延缓了果实腐烂率、失重、柑桔色指数、呼吸强度、相对电导率、过氧化氢和丙二醛积累的增加,延缓了L*值的下降,保留了高含量的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸,维生素C、总酚和总黄酮,以及较高的抗氧化酶活性——超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶。主成分分析结果表明,低温贮藏显著保持了蒲柑采后品质,10°C贮藏的果实与5°C贮藏没有显著差异,但明显高于15°C贮藏。单因素分析和主成分分析的综合结果表明,10°C可作为提高麻橘采后贮藏性的最佳贮藏温度。
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引用次数: 1
Salicylic acid effect on the mechanism of Lelliottia amnigena causing potato soft rot 水杨酸对遗忘湿地藻引起马铃薯软腐病机理的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0029
R. Osei, Chengde Yang, Lingxiao Cui, Lijuan Wei, M. Jin, Solomon Boamah
Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in protecting plants from biotic stresses. Lelliottia amnigena is a newly identified potato soft rot pathogen and there are no adequate studies on this soft rot pathogen. Therefore, this paper focussed on the effect of SA on the mechanism under which L. amnigena causes potato soft rot. L. amnigena was examined and detected to secrete pectinase, proteases, pectin lyase and cellulase, which are the most important pathogenic enzymes involved in the production of plant diseases. Sterilised healthy potato tubers were inoculated with 0.2 mL of L. amnigena suspension (3.69 CFU · mL−1 × 107 CFU · mL−1). After 24 h, 200 μL of four different SA concentrations (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM) were used to treat the tubers. Co-culture of L. amnigena and SA significantly reduced the activity of pectinase, protease, pectin lyase and cellulase by an average of 33.8%, 43.4%, 67.7% and 46.9%, across the four concentrations (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM), respectively, compared to the control. The average disease index was reduced by 54.7% across the four SA concentrations. Treatment with SA induced transcriptional levels of the superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase and glutathione S-transferase across the four levels by an average of 3.87, 3.25, 3.97 and 3.94-fold, respectively, compared to control. Based on our results, we could state that SA could reduce the activities of these extracellular enzymes produced by L. amnigena by modulating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities and gene expression that induce natural resistance in plants against bacterial infections.
摘要水杨酸(SA)在保护植物免受生物胁迫方面发挥着重要作用。遗忘型Lelliottia amnigena是一种新发现的马铃薯软腐病病原,目前尚未对其进行充分的研究。因此,本文重点研究SA对遗忘乳杆菌引起马铃薯软腐机理的影响。检测并检测了遗忘乳杆菌分泌果胶酶、蛋白酶、果胶裂解酶和纤维素酶,这是参与植物病害产生的最重要的致病酶。用0.2 mL amnigena乳杆菌悬浮液(3.69 CFU·mL−1×107 CFU·mL−1)接种灭菌的健康马铃薯块茎。24小时后,使用200μL的四种不同SA浓度(0.5 mM、1.0 mM、1.5 mM和2.0 mM)处理块茎。与对照相比,在四种浓度(0.5mM、1.0mM、1.5mM和2.0mM)下,遗忘乳杆菌和SA的共培养显著降低了果胶酶、蛋白酶、果胶裂解酶和纤维素酶的活性,平均分别降低了33.8%、43.4%、67.7%和46.9%。在四种SA浓度下,平均疾病指数降低了54.7%。与对照相比,SA处理诱导超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶在四个水平上的转录水平分别平均提高3.87、3.25、3.97和3.94倍。根据我们的研究结果,我们可以说SA可以通过调节酶和非酶抗氧化活性以及诱导植物对细菌感染的自然抗性的基因表达来降低遗忘乳杆菌产生的这些胞外酶的活性。
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引用次数: 4
Hoverflies (Syrphidae: Diptera) in areas contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb) 受重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb)污染地区的悬停蝇(夜蛾科:直翅目)
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0025
A. Mielczarek, Ł. Mielczarek, E. Wojciechowicz-Żytko
Abstract The aim of the research was to study the diversity of hoverflies (Syrphidae: Diptera) living in areas under the influence of heavy metal emissions (Cd, Zn and Pb). Although the area of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (OOR), where the research was partially conducted, belongs to the contaminated regions, where a relatively high species richness of Syrphids has been noted. During the research period, a total of 1,180 syrphids, belonging to 165 species were caught, which constitutes 39.76% of all the Polish Syrphidae fauna. These species represented all the trophic groups with the dominance of zoophagous species (48.48%); however, the most numerous (quantitatively abundant) were saprophagous. Among the collected syrphids, common and numerous species, such as: E. arbustorum (LINNAEUS, 1758), E. tenax (LINNAEUS, 1758), Episyrphus balteatus (DE GEER, 1776) and S. pipiens (LINNAEUS, 1758), as well as rare species such as Callicera aenea (FABRICIUS, 1777) (NT), Chalcosyrphus piger (FABRICIUS, 1794) (DD), Epistrophe ochrostoma (ZETTERSTEDT, 1849) (VU), Orthonevra geniculata (MEIGEN, 1830) (DD), Rhingia rostrata (LINNAEUS, 1758) (DD), Sphegina sibirica STACKELBERG, 1953 (LC) and Spilomyia diophthalma (LINNAEUS, 1758) (NT), were noted. Eleven of the collected species have been included in the Polish Red List of Endangered Species. Melangyna ericarum (COLLIN, 1946) is recorded as a new one among the Polish fauna. Numerous observations did not indicate that the area covered by the study was characterised by a significantly lower species diversity compared to other sites. In fact, the samples taken were usually characterised by a relatively high biodiversity. The obtained results may suggest that anthropogenic activities, including those leading to environmental pollution with heavy metals and to a strong transformation of natural habitats, do not completely destroy biodiversity, and in some cases leave space for nature to create habitats where even rare species of organisms such as Syrphidae can develop.
摘要本研究的目的是研究生活在重金属排放(Cd、Zn和Pb)影响下的地区的气垫蝇(夜蛾科:直翅目)的多样性。尽管部分进行研究的Olkusz含矿区(OOR)属于受污染地区,但已注意到该地区的Syrphids物种丰富度相对较高。在研究期间,共捕获了1180只共有165种的Syrpids,占波兰Syrphidae动物群的39.76%。这些物种代表了以浮游动物为主的所有营养类群(48.48%);然而,数量最多(数量丰富)的是食腐动物。在收集到的同形目中,常见的和众多的物种,如:熊果木(LINNAEUS,1758)、金龟子(LINNAUEUS,1758,注意到膝原痣(MEIGEN,1830)(DD)、玫瑰鼻(LINNAEUS,1758)(DD。收集到的11种物种已被列入波兰濒危物种红色名录。在波兰动物群中,黑腹女蛛(Melangyna ericarum,COLLIN,1946)是一种新的动物。大量观察结果并没有表明,与其他地点相比,该研究覆盖的区域的物种多样性明显较低。事实上,采集的样本通常具有相对较高的生物多样性。所获得的结果可能表明,人类活动,包括那些导致重金属污染环境和自然栖息地发生强烈变化的活动,并没有完全破坏生物多样性,在某些情况下,为大自然创造栖息地留下空间,即使是像水貂科这样的稀有生物也可以在那里发展。
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引用次数: 1
Bibliometric analysis of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) research from Plant Sciences category based on Web of Science 基于Web of Science的植物科学类草莓研究文献计量学分析
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0024
Bao-Zhong Yuan, Jie Sun
Abstract Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most significant horticultural cash crops in the world. The study aimed to identify and analyse the 2,930 articles and review type papers of strawberry research from the Plant Sciences category based on the Web of Science. Papers mainly written in English (2,894, 98.771%), were from a total of 8,838 authors, 96 countries/territories, 1,845 organisations and published in 197 journals and book series. The top seven core journals are ranked as Plant Disease (252, 8.601%), Phytopathology (229, 7.816%), Plant Pathology (93, 3.174%), Frontiers in Plant Science (89, 3.308%), Canadian Journal of Plant Science (86, 2.935%), European Journal of Plant Pathology (86, 2.935%) and Journal of Experimental Botany (86, 2.935%), and these journals each published >86 papers. The top five countries and regions were the USA, People's Republic of China, Spain, Canada and England. The top five organisations were the University of Florida, USDA ARS, University of Malaga, University of California Davis, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The top five authors are Peres, Natalia A. (Peres, Natalia; Peres, N.A.); Madden, LV; Munoz-Blanco, Juan (Munoz-Blanco, J); Schwab, Wilfried (Schwab, W) and Ellis, MA, each published >25 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from the Plant Sciences category were separated into 11 clusters for different research topics. Visualisations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies.
摘要草莓是世界上最重要的园艺经济作物之一。该研究旨在识别和分析基于Web of Science的植物科学类别中的2930篇草莓研究文章和综述型论文。论文主要用英语撰写(2894篇,98.771%),来自96个国家/地区、1845个组织的8838位作者,发表在197种期刊和丛书上。排名前七的核心期刊分别为《植物病学》(2528.601%)、《植物病理学》(2297.816%)、《作物病理学》、《植物科学前沿》(893.308%)、“加拿大植物科学杂志”(862.935%)、“欧洲植物病理学杂志”(86.2.935%)和《实验植物学杂志》(862.935%),这些期刊各发表论文>86篇。排名前五的国家和地区是美国、中华人民共和国、西班牙、加拿大和英国。排名前五的组织是佛罗里达大学、美国农业部ARS、马拉加大学、加州大学戴维斯分校、加拿大农业和农业食品部。排名前五的作者是Peres,Natalia A.(Peres,纳塔利娅;Peres,N.A.);Madden,LV;穆尼奥斯·布兰科,胡安(穆尼奥斯·布朗科,J);Schwab,Wilfried(Schwab,W)和Ellis,MA各自发表了超过25篇论文。植物科学类草莓研究的所有关键词都被分为11个不同研究主题的聚类。可视化提供了关于科学领域或学科现状的探索性信息,并指示了未来可能的发展。该综述可以为设计未来的研究提供有价值的指导。
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引用次数: 5
Biochemical composition and shape-dimensional traits of rosehip genotypes 玫瑰果基因型的生化组成和形状维度特征
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0022
B. Demir, B. Sayıncı, M. Yaman, A. Sümbül, E. Yıldız, O. Karakaya, Günseli Bobuş Alkaya, S. Ercişli
Abstract In the present study, the biochemical composition and shape and dimensional traits of 25 rosehip (Rosa canina) genotypes were investigated. The shape and dimensional traits were determined by image processing technique. Seed-propagated rosehip genotypes belonging to R. canina were collected from the natural flora of Mesudiye (Ordu) and Talas (Kayseri) districts. Antioxidant activity (39.510–72.673 mmol · kg−1), total flavonoids (287.80–1,686.20 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) · kg−1) and total phenolics (38,519.40–79,080.60 mg gallic acid equivalent · kg−1) of the genotypes exhibited large variations. Width (12.2 mm) and thickness (12.5 mm) of fruits averages were found to be close to each other. The genotypes exhibited fruit lengths between 12.0 mm and 29.5 mm. Average projected area at horizontal orientation (179.7 mm2) was greater than the projected area at vertical orientation (120.4 mm2). Sphericity average was calculated as 71.4%. According to principal component (PC) analysis, the most important dimensional traits discriminating genotypes from each other were identified as surface area, geometric mean diameter and volume. In terms of shape attributes, distinctive differences were observed in sphericity, circularity, elongation and surface closure rates (SCR) of the genotypes. According to elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), genotypes look like a sphere. In terms of shape, there were long, spherical, flat bottomed, pointed bottomed and asymmetric-looking genotypes indicating how environment and genotype affect the fruit shape. The greatest shape variation was transverse contraction and expansion. According to the clustering analysis for shape attributes, rosehip genotypes were classified into six groups. Dendrogram, scatter plots of linear discriminant analysis and paired comparison test results put forth the shape differences of the genotype successfully.
摘要本研究对25个玫瑰果(Rosa canina)基因型的生化组成、形状和尺寸特征进行了研究。通过图像处理技术确定其形状和尺寸特征。从Mesudiye(Ordu)和Talas(Kayseri)地区的自然植物区系中收集了属于犬R.canina的种子繁殖玫瑰果基因型。抗氧化活性(39.510–72.673 mmol·kg−1)、总黄酮(287.80–1686.20 mg槲皮素当量(QE)·kg−2)和总酚(38519.40–79080.60 mg没食子酸当量·kg−3)的基因型差异较大。发现果实平均宽度(12.2毫米)和厚度(12.5毫米)彼此接近。基因型的果实长度在12.0mm到29.5mm之间。水平方向的平均投影面积(179.7mm2)大于垂直方向的投影面积(120.4mm2)。球度平均值为71.4%。根据主成分分析,区分基因型的最重要尺寸性状是表面积、几何平均直径和体积。在形状属性方面,基因型的球形度、圆形度、伸长率和表面闭合率(SCR)存在显著差异。根据椭圆傅立叶分析(EFA),基因型看起来像一个球体。就形状而言,有长的、球形的、平底的、尖底的和不对称的基因型,表明环境和基因型如何影响果实形状。最大的形状变化是横向收缩和扩张。根据形状属性的聚类分析,将玫瑰果基因型分为六组。树状图、线性判别分析散点图和配对比较试验结果成功地揭示了基因型的形状差异。
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引用次数: 5
Improvement of the quality in hydroponically grown fresh aromatic herbs by inducing mild salinity stress is species-specific 通过诱导温和的盐度胁迫来提高水培新鲜芳香草本植物的质量是物种特异性的
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0020
Danai-Christina Aktsoglou, Dimitrios S. Kasampalis, E. Sarrou, P. Tsouvaltzis, P. Chatzopoulou, S. Martens, A. Siomos
Abstract Profitable hydroponic production requires high quality fresh water, which is often not available for agricultural use, while desalinisation of salty water is an expensive and unsustainable technology. In the present study, we assessed the effect of mild salinity stress during the soilless cultivation of fresh peppermint and spearmint in the floating system on biomass yield, produce quality and plant secondary metabolite content. Peppermint and spearmint plants were grown for 25 days on a nutrient solution (NS) supplemented with three different NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 10 mM or 20 mM NaCl). The plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight were recorded and composition was determined on fresh tissue. The composition of essential oil was determined upon hydrodistillation and that of polyphenolic compounds by targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Plant growth was not suspended by the addition of NaCl in the NS, except for the plant height at the highest salinity level. In peppermint, the nutritional composition was not affected by the salinity, whereas it was significantly improved in spearmint as confirmed by the nitrate content decrease and the total antioxidant capacity, total soluble phenol, total carotenoid and essential oil content increases. Simultaneously, no effect of the salinity on essential oil or polyphenolic composition in both plants was induced. In conclusion, peppermint and spearmint production is feasible in the floating system even under mild salinity conditions, without negatively affecting either the crop yield or the plant's essential oil or phenolic composition. Indeed, low salinity levels improved the nutritional composition of spearmint plants.
摘要有利可图的水培生产需要高质量的淡水,而淡水通常无法用于农业,而盐水脱盐是一项昂贵且不可持续的技术。在本研究中,我们评估了漂浮系统中新鲜薄荷和留兰香无土栽培过程中轻度盐度胁迫对生物量产量、产品质量和植物次生代谢产物含量的影响。薄荷和留兰香植物在补充有三种不同NaCl浓度(0mM、10mM或20mM NaCl)的营养溶液(NS)上生长25天。记录植株高度、根长、鲜重和干重,并测定新鲜组织的成分。采用定向超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了精油和多酚类化合物的加氢蒸馏组成。除了在最高盐度水平下的株高外,在NS中添加NaCl不会暂停植物生长。薄荷的营养成分不受盐度的影响,而留兰香的营养成分显著改善,硝酸盐含量降低,总抗氧化能力、总可溶性酚、总类胡萝卜素和精油含量增加。同时,盐度对两种植物的精油或多酚组成没有影响。总之,即使在温和的盐度条件下,在漂浮系统中生产薄荷和留兰香也是可行的,不会对作物产量或植物的精油或酚类成分产生负面影响。事实上,低盐度水平改善了留兰香植物的营养成分。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical compositions of introduced red currant cultivars and Russian breeding genotypes in temperate continental climate 引种红醋栗品种和俄罗斯育种基因型在温带大陆性气候下的生长、耐旱性和生化成分评价
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0023
O. Panfilova, V. Okatan, M. Tsoy, O. Golyaeva, S. Knyazev, I. Kahramanoğlu
Abstract The aim of the work was to study the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical characteristics of introduced cultivars (‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and ‘Viksne’) and some selected Russian cultivars and red currant genotypes (‘Shchedraya’, ‘Natali’, 129-21-61, 111-19-81, 261-65-19 and 271-58-24). The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2018 under temperate continental climate conditions. The intensity of transpiration was determined by using a torsion balance. The soluble solid concentration (SSS – % Brix) of the fruits was determined by using a digital refractomer. The content of the sum of sugars was determined by the weight method according to Bertrand's method. Ascorbic acid content was then determined by the iodometric method. The total phenolic content was determined by a colourimetric method. Climatic conditions were found to have significant influence on the disease severity of the red currant genotypes, while the infections caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uvae increased in optimum seasons and damages caused by Pseudopeziza ribis increased in drought seasons. None of the selected genotypes was found to be resistant to any of the diseases/pests, but ‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and 111-19-81 were less affected by these diseases/pests. Weight, yield and raceme length of berries and the number of berries in a raceme were found to be higher in optimum seasons, and different cultivars/genotypes had superior characteristics for different parameters. The highest berry weight was observed in the 261-65-19 genotype (0.65 g), while the highest yield was noted in ‘Hollandische Rote’ (15.6 t · ha−1). It was also found that the water content of leaves and transpiration have a strong positive relationship with soil moisture at a depth of 0–200 mm but a week correlation with soil moisture at a depth of 200–400 mm. Results also showed that the transpiration of leaves decreases in later developmental stages (July). Hierarchical clustering suggested four clusters: the introduced cultivars produced one cluster, Russian cultivars are another cluster, 261-65-19, 111-19-81 and 129-21-61 genotypes make up a third cluster and the 271-58-24 genotype (superior in terms of phenolic contents) forms the fourth cluster.
摘要本研究的目的是研究引进品种(“Jonkheer van Tets”、“Hollandische Rote”和“Viksne”)和一些选定的俄罗斯品种和红加仑基因型(“Shchedraya”、“Natali”、129-21-61111-19-81、261-65-19和271-58-24)的生长、耐旱性和生化特性。这些研究于2014年至2018年在温带大陆性气候条件下进行。蒸腾强度是通过使用扭转天平来确定的。使用数字折射仪测定水果的可溶性固体浓度(SSS–%Brix)。根据Bertrand的方法通过重量法测定糖总量的含量。然后用碘量法测定抗坏血酸的含量。总酚含量通过比色法测定。气候条件对红醋栗基因型的疾病严重程度有显著影响,而在最佳季节,由小紫鞘引起的感染增加,而在干旱季节,由假葡萄引起的危害增加。没有发现所选基因型对任何疾病/害虫具有抗性,但“Jonkheer van Tets”、“Hollandische Rote”和111-19-81受这些疾病/害虫的影响较小。浆果的重量、产量、外消旋体长度和外消旋体中的浆果数量在最佳季节较高,不同品种/基因型对不同参数具有优越的特性。261-65-19基因型的浆果重量最高(0.65 g),而“Hollandische Rote”的产量最高(15.6 t·ha−1)。研究还发现,叶片含水量和蒸腾作用与0~200mm深度的土壤水分呈正相关,但与200-400mm深度的土壤湿度呈正相关。结果还表明,叶片蒸腾作用在发育后期(7月)减少。层次聚类表明有四个聚类:引进品种产生一个聚类,俄罗斯品种是另一个聚类。261-65-19、111-19-81和129-21-61基因型组成第三个聚类,271-58-24基因型(酚类含量较高)组成第四个聚类。
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引用次数: 6
Are prohexadione calcium and Pseudomonas fluorescens a solution to limit the spread of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) on football pitches? 前己二酮钙和荧光假单胞菌是限制足球场上一年生蓝草(Poa annua L.)传播的解决方案吗?
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0021
T. Bohinc, Barbara Zanelli, M. Vidrih, S. Trdan
Abstract In 2020, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the suppression of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), which is a difficult weed to manage in cool-season in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. The efficacy of prohexadione calcium (Pc), ethephon (Eth) and Pseudomonas fluorescens against P. annua, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis was tested, as the latter two most commonly occur in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. Mesotrione (Mes) was used as a positive control, and nontreated grass was used as a negative control. Only a single grass species was sown in each pot. Treatments were randomly distributed for two experiments conducted separately: first – unmown grass before the beginning of spraying and second – grass mowed before the beginning of spraying. In both experiments, plant height and the number of tillers were measured/counted several times during the growing season. In both experiments, grasses were sprayed six times with Pc, Eth and P. fluorescens, while Mes was applied twice. Based on the performed study, the efficacy of the tested products is connected to grass species and whether the grass was mowed/cut before spraying. It has been detected in the present study that spraying with Pc could reduce the height of annual bluegrass, while spraying with P. fluorescens has reduced the number of tillers. Spraying was more effective on grasses that were mowed/cut before the beginning of spraying. Mes should cause severe damage to annual bluegrass but without confirmation in this study. Results of this study have indicated that the application of Pc and P. fluorescens can inhibit the spread of annual bluegrass in football pitches; however, testing their effectiveness against P. annua under field conditions should be performed as well.
摘要2020年,进行了一项温室实验,以研究对一年生早熟禾(Poa annua)的抑制作用。早熟禾是足球场上草坪草混合物中一种在凉爽季节难以管理的杂草。测试了前六酮钙(Pc)、乙烯利(Eth)和荧光假单胞菌对P.annua、Lolium perenne和Poa pratensis的效力,因为后两种最常见于足球场上的草坪草混合物中。Mes作为阳性对照,未处理的草作为阴性对照。每个花盆里只播种一种草。对分别进行的两个实验随机分配处理:第一个是在喷洒开始前割草,第二个是在开始喷洒前割草。在这两个实验中,在生长季节对株高和分蘖数进行了多次测量/计数。在这两个实验中,草被喷洒了六次Pc、Eth和P.fluorescens,而Mes被喷洒了两次。根据所进行的研究,测试产品的功效与草种以及喷洒前是否割草有关。本研究发现,喷洒Pc可以降低一年生蓝草的高度,而喷洒荧光假单胞菌可以减少分蘖数量。喷洒对在喷洒开始前割草/割草的草更有效。梅斯应该会对一年生蓝草造成严重损害,但在本研究中没有得到证实。本研究结果表明,荧光粉和荧光粉的应用可以抑制足球场中一年生蓝草的传播;然而,也应该在田间条件下测试它们对P.annua的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates 嫁接在不同砧木上的‘峰顶’樱桃树茎解剖与水力导度、营养生长和产量潜力的关系研究
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0019
Tijana Narandžić, M. Ljubojević, Jovanka Ostojic, G. Barać, V. Ognjanov
Abstract Severe climate alterations that seriously challenge fruit production, combined with the demand for healthy, pesticide-free fruits, continuously direct rootstock/cultivar selection towards high adaptable varieties breeding. This study aimed to investigate the rootstocks’ influence on the performance of grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees, including potentially dwarfing Prunus cerasus, Prunus fruticosa and Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidates. Anatomical properties of rootstock and scion stems were investigated to determine variation among different rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations and to establish the link between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential. Cross-section anatomical characteristics varied significantly both in rootstock and scion stems, indicating a clear influence of rootstock genotype on grafted sweet cherry trees. It was observed that all investigated cherry rootstock candidates belong to the low-vigorous rootstocks, based on the estimated effective crown volume of grafted trees compared to ‘Gisela 5’, with values ranging from 0.86 to 2.97 m3 in the fifth year after planting. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential, with correlation coefficients up to 0.96. Significantly higher effective crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductance of trees grafted on P. cerasus compared to the trees on control, as well as highest yielding potential, showed better adaptation of these rootstock candidates in the trial without irrigation implemented. It was found that PC_05_04 rootstock candidate could be considered as the most appropriate choice when raising the high-density sweet cherry plantations, due to assessed parameters of vegetative and generative growth.
摘要严峻的气候变化对水果生产构成了严峻的挑战,加之人们对健康、无农药水果的需求,不断地将砧木/栽培品种的选择导向高适应性品种的选育。本研究旨在研究砧木对嫁接“峰顶”樱桃树性能的影响,包括潜在矮化的樱桃砧木、樱桃砧木和mahaleb砧木候选砧木。研究了砧木和接穗茎的解剖特性,以确定不同砧木和接穗-砧木组合之间的差异,并建立树干水力导度、有效树冠体积和产量潜力之间的联系。砧木和接穗茎的截面解剖特征差异显著,表明砧木基因型对嫁接的甜樱桃树有明显的影响。结果表明,与“吉塞拉5号”相比,嫁接后第5年的有效树冠体积在0.86 ~ 2.97 m3之间,所有候选砧木均属于低活力砧木。结果表明:树干水力导度、有效树冠体积与产量势呈显著正相关,相关系数达0.96;在不灌水的情况下,嫁接在杉木上的树木的有效树冠体积和树干水力导度显著高于对照,并且具有最高的产量潜力,表明这些候选砧木在不灌水的情况下具有更好的适应性。结果表明,PC_05_04砧木候选品种在高密度甜樱桃人工林栽培中最适宜。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies on some morphological and physiological properties and nutrient uptake by two almond rootstocks 氮、磷、钾缺乏对两种杏仁砧木某些形态、生理特性及养分吸收的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0018
A. Mirsoleimani, M. Najafi-Ghiri, H. Heydari, S. Farokhzadeh
Abstract A soilless culture and completely randomised two-factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies on macronutrient uptake and to determine some characteristics of Prunus dulcis L. (bitter almond: BA) and Prunus scoparia L. (Alook: AL) seedlings. Seedlings in pots containing perlite were irrigated with half-strength, N-, P- and K-free Hoagland solutions for 12 wk. Results showed that N deficiency decreased the N and Ca levels and increased the K concentration in the shoots of both rootstocks. Phosphorus deficiency decreased N and P concentrations of both seedlings, as well as the Ca and Mg concentrations of BA seedlings. Potassium deficiency decreased the K concentration of the BA seedlings and decreased N, K and Ca concentrations of the AL seedlings. In the BA seedlings, only the fresh weight of the shoot decreased under the P deficiency condition; the other morphological traits of shoots in this genotype and none of the traits in the AL seedlings were affected by P deficiency. Furthermore, both the rootstocks can maintain their optimal growth even at very low concentration of K; this shows that both rootstocks consume K in a luxurious way. Under nutrient-deficient conditions, the AL seedling has greater ability to maintain the N concentration or uptake it more than the BA seedling. The N P and K deficiency conditions disturbed the electron transfer cycle of photosystem II in the AL leaves and caused a response. Most root traits of the AL seedling were not changed under nutrient deficiency, and this indicates a high tolerance of the AL roots compared to the BA roots or lower demand in this genotype for these elements. The characteristics of P. scoparia seedlings were less affected by the deficiency of these three elements, and therefore, P. scoparia rootstock is preferred to BA for weak and non-fertile soils.
摘要采用无土栽培和完全随机双因子试验,研究了缺氮、缺磷、缺钾对大白菜幼苗大量养分吸收的影响,并测定了苦杏(BA)和东莨菪碱(Alook:AL)幼苗的一些特性。将盛有珍珠岩的花盆中的幼苗用半强度、无氮、无磷和无钾的Hoagland溶液灌溉12周。结果表明,缺氮降低了两种砧木枝条中的N和Ca水平,增加了K浓度。缺磷降低了两株幼苗的N和P浓度,也降低了BA幼苗的Ca和Mg浓度。缺钾降低了BA幼苗的K浓度,降低了AL幼苗的N、K和Ca浓度。BA幼苗在缺磷条件下,只有芽鲜重下降;该基因型芽的其他形态性状和AL幼苗中的任何性状都不受缺磷的影响。此外,即使在非常低的K浓度下,两种砧木也能保持其最佳生长;这表明两种砧木都以奢侈的方式消耗K。在营养缺乏的条件下,AL幼苗比BA幼苗具有更大的维持氮浓度或吸收氮的能力。氮磷钾缺乏条件干扰了AL叶片中光系统II的电子转移循环,并引起了反应。在营养缺乏的情况下,AL幼苗的大多数根系性状没有改变,这表明与BA根系相比,AL根系具有较高的耐受性,或者该基因型对这些元素的需求较低。这三种元素的缺乏对东莨菪幼苗特性的影响较小,因此,在弱土和非肥沃土壤中,东莨菪的砧木优于BA。
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引用次数: 1
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Folia Horticulturae
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