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Censure et consensus dans le cinéma de l’après-guerre : La genèse parallèle d’Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950) 战后电影中的审查与共识:天国的平行起源(朱利安·杜维维尔,1949)和女孩的笼子(莫里斯·克洛什,1950)
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221120881
Daniel Morgan
Résumé Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950), deux fictions situées dans des centres de rééducation pour jeunes femmes, ont une histoire liée. Fondées sur le même fait divers, produites en même temps, elles font l'objet de tractations complexes lorsqu'elles sont soumises à la censure. Le film de Duvivier, dont le rapport au réel est ambigu, finit par échapper à une réécriture, alors que Maurice Cloche accepte de travailler de près avec le ministère de la Justice et finit par réaliser un film réaliste reproduisant le discours officiel des autorités. Pourtant, les deux œuvres présentent la rééducation en internat d'une manière trompeuse et contraire aux reportages sur lesquels elles sont fondés. En examinant la genèse parallèle des deux films, cet article réexamine le rôle des négociations et de la propagande dans la construction du cinéma « consensuel » français de l'après-guerre.
《天国》(Julien Duvivier, 1949)和《女孩的笼子》(Maurice Cloche, 1950)这两部以年轻女性康复中心为背景的小说有着相关的历史。它们基于同一事实,同时产生,在受到审查时成为复杂交易的主题。Duvivier的电影与现实的关系是模糊的,最终避免了重写,而Maurice Cloche同意与司法部密切合作,最终制作了一部再现当局官方话语的现实电影。然而,这两部作品以一种误导的方式呈现了寄宿学校的再教育,与它们所基于的报道相反。通过考察这两部电影的平行起源,本文重新审视了谈判和宣传在战后法国“共识”电影建设中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Traduire, un processus infini ? 翻译,一个无限的过程?
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221115031
I. Kristeva
On the basis of the problematization of the relationships between translatability and untranslatability, tradition and translation, we try to clear the impact of cultural context on the translator's choices. This impact is illustrated through three French translations of the opening stanza of the famous Hamlet monologue (III, 1), those of Voltaire, François-Victor Hugo and Yves Bonnefoy. The adopted perspective focuses on the philosophical dimension, the cultural horizon and the historicity of the act of translating. The starting hypothesis postulates that the translation can be considered as a rewriting of the original, which reflects a poetics and a worldview that reveal the functioning of the literature of a language-culture at a given time. Then the translational analysis can shed some light on the mechanisms of this conditioning. The developed reasoning leads to the conclusion that even though any translation depends on its cultural and historical space, the ethical aim requires to preserve the letter and the spirit of the source text.
在可译性与不可译性、传统与翻译关系问题化的基础上,我们试图澄清文化语境对译者选择的影响。这种影响通过著名的哈姆雷特独白(III,1)开头一节的三个法语译本来说明,这三个译本分别是伏尔泰、弗朗索瓦·维克多·雨果和伊夫·邦内福伊。所采用的视角侧重于翻译行为的哲学维度、文化视野和历史性。起始假设假定翻译可以被视为对原作的改写,它反映了一种诗学和世界观,揭示了一种语言文化在特定时期的文学功能。然后,平移分析可以揭示这种条件反射的机制。经过发展的推理得出的结论是,即使任何翻译都取决于其文化和历史空间,但伦理目的要求保留原文的文字和精神。
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引用次数: 0
Is existentialism a posthumanism? The Sarterian reflections of Egloff and Darrieussecq 存在主义是后人文主义吗?埃格洛夫和达里乌塞克的萨特主义反思
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221118338
Gai Farchi
The challenges of climate change and mass extinction have stressed the need to rethink our encounters with non-human others in the literary imagination. This article explores this question by reading L'étourdissement by Joël Egloff and Notre vie dans les forêts by Marie Darrieussecq vis-à-vis Sartre’s literary works (namely, La nausée) and philosophical works (namely, L’être et le néant). Drawing upon post-anthropocentric thought, I show how Egloff and Darrieussecq radicalize Sartre in a posthumanistic fashion. In L'étourdissement, this radicalization turns the drama of the look and of the affectivity of the nausea from a dyadic conflict of subject and object into an exposure to multiplicity. In Notre vie dans les forêts, the reciprocity of the self and its other is embedded in a corporeal interdependence, where the double is not perceived as a threat to the self but as a potential ally. In this sense, the Sarterian struggle against the undermining look of the other turns into a realization of radical interdependence and eventually into the emergence of care for the other.
气候变化和大灭绝的挑战强调了重新思考我们在文学想象中与非人类他人相遇的必要性。本文通过阅读JoëL Egloff的《L’étourdisament》和Marie Darrieussecq的《Notre vie dans les forêts》,对萨特的文学作品(即La nausée)和哲学作品(即L’être et le néant)进行了探讨。根据后人类中心主义思想,我展示了Egloff和Darrieussecq如何以后人类主义的方式激进化萨特。在L’étourdispment中,这种激进化将恶心的表情和情感从主体和客体的二元冲突变成了对多样性的暴露。在《圣母院》中,自我和他人的互惠嵌入了物质上的相互依存,在这种相互依存中,替身并不被视为对自我的威胁,而是被视为潜在的盟友。从这个意义上说,萨特式的对抗对方破坏性外表的斗争转变为对彻底相互依存的实现,并最终转变为对对方的关爱。
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引用次数: 1
The pursuit of luxury as an act of transgression: Bataille, sovereignty, desire 追求奢侈是一种越轨行为:巴塔耶,主权,欲望
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221118244
J. Armitage
Through concepts such as the act of transgression, the idea of the pursuit of luxury can be radically transformed by reconsidering the work of the French philosopher Georges Bataille on sovereignty and desire within contemporary culture. This article on the relations between transgression, luxury, sovereignty, and desire constitutes a reworking of Bataille's thought. Offering an exploration and development of the key notions which run through current work on luxury, from sumptuous living to human lives in search of lavishness, the article places these important concepts in their intellectual and historical contexts and goes on to trace their considerable possibilities for contemporary French thought. In this manner, the article not only makes the idea of the pursuit of luxury accessible, but also invites readers to make their own critical judgements of such a pursuit. The article concludes with an account of the pursuit of luxury and acts of transgression as a moral vision, and with the perpetual problems of luxury and necessity. The notion of the pursuit of luxury is now impossible to disregard for anybody who is serious-minded about contemporary acts of transgression, and this article affords the ideal companion to the wide-ranging diversity of Bataille's critical texts on sovereignty and desire.
通过诸如越轨行为等概念,通过重新思考法国哲学家乔治·巴塔耶关于当代文化中主权和欲望的作品,可以从根本上改变追求奢华的理念。这篇关于越轨、奢侈、主权和欲望之间关系的文章是对巴塔耶思想的一次改写。从奢华生活到追求奢华的人类生活,文章对贯穿当前奢侈品工作的关键概念进行了探索和发展,将这些重要概念置于其知识和历史背景中,并追溯了它们对当代法国思想的巨大可能性。通过这种方式,这篇文章不仅让追求奢华的想法变得触手可及,而且邀请读者对这种追求做出自己的批判性判断。文章最后阐述了作为道德视野的对奢侈的追求和违法行为,以及奢侈和必要性的永恒问题。追求奢华的概念现在对于任何认真对待当代违法行为的人来说都是不可能忽视的,这篇文章为巴塔耶关于主权和欲望的批评文本的广泛多样性提供了理想的伴侣。
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引用次数: 2
Les musulmanes de Soumission face au marché cognitif 穆斯林屈服于认知市场
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221078446
Sana Alaya Seghair
Presumably guilty of an “ increasing visibility”, the ostentatious presence of Muslim women in the streets of France participates, in Michel Houellebecq's novel Soumission, in this fashionable jeremiad announcing the slow and painful decadence of France and the West. In burqa, veiled or naked, they are the actors of an insidious implementation of a new word in the old one which does not go without leaving scares. Arab women painted as both conquerors and submissive would be the translation of a French historical awareness marked by a surrender to a creeping islam. In the light of the sociological work of Gérald Bronner, this article proposes to think and evaluate the stereotypical representation of the Muslim woman as pernicious contribution to a cognitive market where the most risky beliefs are competing.
在米歇尔·胡埃勒贝克的小说《灵魂》中,穆斯林妇女在法国街头的炫耀参与了这场时尚的狂欢,宣告了法国和西方缓慢而痛苦的衰落。在罩袍上,无论是戴着面纱还是裸体,他们都是在旧词中阴险地使用一个新词的演员,这个新词总是会留下恐惧。被描绘成征服者和顺从者的阿拉伯妇女将是法国历史意识的翻译,其标志是向逐渐蔓延的伊斯兰主义投降。根据Gérald Bronner的社会学工作,本文建议将穆斯林女性的刻板印象视为对认知市场的有害贡献,在这个市场上,最危险的信仰正在竞争。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking haute couture: Julien Fournié in the virtual worlds of the metaverse 反思高级定制:Julien Fournié在元宇宙的虚拟世界
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221109708
J. Armitage
This article deals with the concept and practice of haute couture, of the designing and making of high-quality fashion clothes, and haute couture's contemporary engagement with the virtual worlds of the ‘metaverse’, a shared virtual environment that features online gaming and augmented reality. The article is an encounter with these virtual worlds, particularly as they are manifested in the haute couture of the French haute couturier Julian Fournié. To understand Fournié's haute couture, and thus to build a foundation for an interpretation of his most important fashion ideas, it is argued that researchers need to explore Fournié's engagement with virtual worlds and augmented reality from the perspective of German philosopher Martin Heidegger's phenomenological explanation of thinking and rethinking, and then at how Fournié develops and revises the meaning of haute couture.
本文讨论高级时装的概念和实践,高品质时尚服装的设计和制作,以及高级时装与虚拟世界“虚拟世界”的当代互动。虚拟世界是一个共享的虚拟环境,以在线游戏和增强现实为特色。这篇文章是与这些虚拟世界的一次邂逅,尤其是当它们体现在法国高级时装设计师朱利安·富尔尼格尔的高级时装上时。为了理解fourni的高级定制服装,从而为解释其最重要的时尚理念奠定基础,研究者需要从德国哲学家马丁·海德格尔(Martin Heidegger)对思考和再思考的现象学解释的角度来探索fourni与虚拟世界和增强现实的接触,然后研究fourni如何发展和修改高级定制服装的意义。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of outer hair cell electromechanics reveals power delivery at the upper-frequency limits of hearing. 外毛细胞机电分析揭示了听力高频极限的功率传递。
IF 3.7 4区 社会学 Q3 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0139
Richard D Rabbitt

Outer hair cells are the cellular motors in the mammalian inner ear responsible for sensitive high-frequency hearing. Motor function over the frequency range of human hearing requires expression of the protein prestin in the OHC lateral membrane, which imparts piezoelectric properties to the cell membrane. In the present report, electrical power consumption and mechanical power output of the OHC membrane-motor complex are determined using previously published voltage-clamp data from isolated OHCs and membrane patches. Results reveal that power output peaks at a best frequency much higher than implied by the low-pass character of nonlinear capacitance, and much higher than the whole-cell resistive-capacitive corner frequency. High frequency power output is enabled by a -90° shift in the phase of electrical charge displacement in the membrane, manifested electrically as emergence of imaginary-valued nonlinear capacitance.

外毛细胞是哺乳动物内耳中负责灵敏高频听觉的细胞马达。人类听觉频率范围内的运动功能需要外毛细胞侧膜上的蛋白质预素的表达,它赋予细胞膜压电特性。在本报告中,我们利用之前发表的离体 OHC 和膜片的电压钳数据,测定了 OHC 膜-运动复合体的电功率消耗和机械功率输出。结果显示,功率输出峰值的最佳频率远高于非线性电容的低通特性所暗示的频率,也远高于整个细胞的电阻-电容角频率。膜中电荷位移的相位发生了-90°的移动,在电学上表现为出现了假想值非线性电容,从而实现了高频功率输出。
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引用次数: 0
For a fluid approach to Céline Sciamma's Portrait of a Lady on Fire 对于Céline Sciamma的《着火女士的肖像》的流畅手法
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221099637
Michèle Bacholle
This paper argues that Céline Sciamma's Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019) goes beyond the lesbian or queer categorization that critics have often hastily reduced it to. Set in pre-revolutionary France, Portrait is a film from 'the 2019th century' (Sciamma) that addresses contemporary issues (consent, patriarchal and heteronormative order, women's silencing, women's desire and sexuality). It offers a reflection on 'fluid' time and historicizes and archives both disappeared women artists and same-sex women's relations in French painting and cinema. Sciamma reeducates her spectators’ (male) gaze, precludes voyeurism and the objectification and fetishization of her heroines’ bodies, bestows agency upon them, and displays equality and respect in both form and content. Despite its Queer Palme award at Cannes, Portrait calls for a qualifier better suited to our changing times, as this fluid approach attempts to show.
本文认为,Céline Sciamma的《着火女士的肖像》(2019)超越了评论家们经常匆忙将其归类为女同性恋或酷儿的范畴。《肖像》以革命前的法国为背景,是一部19世纪的电影(Sciamma),讲述了当代问题(同意、父权制和非规范秩序、女性沉默、女性欲望和性取向)。它反映了“流动”的时间,并将法国绘画和电影中失踪的女艺术家和同性女性关系历史化和档案化。Sciamma对观众(男性)的凝视进行了再教育,排除了偷窥癖以及对女主人公身体的物化和恋物癖,赋予她们代理权,并在形式和内容上表现出平等和尊重。尽管《肖像》在戛纳获得了金棕榈奖,但正如这种流畅的方式所试图展示的那样,它呼吁推出一个更适合我们不断变化的时代的资格赛。
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引用次数: 0
‘Notre Chine’ : China’s shifting position within Marguerite Duras’s Cycle indochinois
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221098003
Paul McElhinny
This essay takes Marguerite Duras’s presentation of Sino-French relations as a case study to re-examine and call into question postcolonial theorizations of China’s shifting position vis-à-vis the West. I use two understudied essays by Duras, which describe her childhood travels to Yunnan, a Chinese province that borders Indochina, and her views on the Tiananmen Square protests. In each iteration of Duras’s Cycle indochinois, spanning almost four decades, she significantly alters her depictions of Chinese characters and settings – namely that of the Chinese lover and Cholon. I explore how Duras utilizes her memories of China as a thread to connect and re-interpret different parts of her personal life while also reflecting the regional interplay between China and France in continental Southeast Asia, as well as China’s growing power within the world economic system. I contend that the personal anxiety Duras projects towards China’s so-called ‘rise’ in her late-career signals a contemporary re-balancing of Franco-Chinese cross-cultural representations as the author’s engagement with the country shifts from that of a mythical, timeless civilization to a geopolitical and historical reality.
本文以玛格丽特·杜拉斯(Marguerite Duras)对中法关系的阐述为案例,重新审视和质疑中国对-à-vis西方立场转变的后殖民理论。我探讨了杜拉斯如何利用她对中国的记忆作为线索,连接和重新解释她个人生活的不同部分,同时也反映了中国和法国在东南亚大陆的区域相互作用,以及中国在世界经济体系中日益增长的力量。我认为,杜拉斯在其职业生涯后期对中国所谓的“崛起”所表现出的个人焦虑,标志着当代法中跨文化表征的重新平衡,因为作者与中国的接触从一个神话般的、永恒的文明转变为一个地缘政治和历史现实。
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引用次数: 0
Orthographe et éducation des citoyens dans les dictées françaises de Gouzien Gouzien法语听写中的拼写和公民教育
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/09571558221092954
Katharina Vajta
Orthography and education of the citizens in texts for dictation by Gouzien. During the 19th century, dictation was probably the most current exercise in French schools and therefore the content of the texts dictated must not be neglected. Hence, we here intend to examine how they can contribute to constructing France, building national identity and forming citizenship during the first years of the French Third République. The first part of the study will give a historical background to the teaching of spelling. Then, we will present the theoretical and methodological frame of the study, before examining the double aim of dictation (to instruct and to educate) and the themes contributing to the discursive construction of the nation and the pupil’s education to citizenship, i.e. History, Homeland and National imaginary.
Gouzien口述文本中公民的正体学和教育。在19世纪,听写可能是法国学校最流行的练习,因此听写文本的内容不容忽视。因此,我们打算在这里研究他们如何在法国第三共和国成立的头几年为建设法国、建立国家认同和形成公民身份做出贡献。本研究的第一部分将介绍拼写教学的历史背景。然后,我们将介绍本研究的理论和方法框架,然后考察听写的双重目的(指导和教育)以及有助于国家话语建构和学生公民教育的主题,即历史、家园和国家想象。
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引用次数: 0
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French Cultural Studies
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