Background: Coffee is a physiologically active food component prevalent throughout the world, but the association between caffeine intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been limited in extensive epidemiological studies.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and BPH in adults in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. Caffeine intake (mg/day) was evaluated based on a 24-h dietary recall. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent relationship between caffeine intake and BPH, and the results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), subgroup analysis was also performed.
Results: A total of 2,374 participants were analyzed. After fully adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis revealed that higher caffeine intake was associated with a greater risk of BPH (ORT3vs1 = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.27; p = 0.04). In addition, this relationship was consistently observed across different subgroups, including individuals with lower education levels, a poverty income ratio (PIR) of 1.5 to 3.5, former smokers, married/living with partner individuals, those with uric acid levels of 5.5 to 6.5 mg/dL, those with hypertension, and those without cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Conclusion: This study is the first to find a positive correlation between caffeine intake and BPH, but further research is needed to determine the exact causal relationship between these factors.
Introduction: Zinc plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. The association between serum zinc and insulin resistance has recently been investigated as well, but the findings are inconsistent. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is frequently utilized in epidemiological research to assess insulin resistance. The association between serum zinc levels and TyG has not yet been explored. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between serum zinc and TyG in adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 1,610 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. The participants were stratified by age, and the differences in log-transformed serum zinc quartiles and TyG were further evaluated in age groups <60 years and ≥60 years using multivariable linear regression with an interaction test. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was employed to examine the dose-response relationships between log-transformed serum zinc and TyG.
Results: In this cross-sectional study, a significant interaction was observed between log-transformed serum zinc and TyG in individuals aged <60 years and those aged ≥60 years when log-transformed serum zinc was transformed into a categorical variable (P-value for the likelihood ratio test for the interaction was P = 0.017). Additionally, in the fully adjusted analyses, the association between log-transformed serum zinc and TyG in the age <60 years group demonstrated a J-shaped nonlinear pattern (P for nonlinearity = 0.014), with an inflection point at ~1.94 μg/dL. While in the age ≥60 years group, it exhibited an inverted-L shaped nonlinear pattern (P for nonlinearity < 0.001***).
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between log-transformed serum zinc and TyG in adults in the United States, with age potentially influencing this association. Further prospective studies are needed to offer additional evidence and insights into these findings.
Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly impact surgical outcomes, and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, a simple and easily available nutritional score, has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with postoperative patient outcomes and complications, including PPCs. However, there are few studies that specifically focus on patients undergoing radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2,553 patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Patients were divided into three groups: normal nutrition group (CONUT≤1), mild malnutrition group (2 ≤ CONUT≤4), and moderate-to-severe malnutrition group (CONUT≥5). Risk factors for PPCs and all-cause mortality were evaluated by multivariate regression. In addition, we assessed surgical outcomes including ICU admission, hospital stay, 1-year mortality and tumor-related mortality.
Results: The incidence of PPCs was 9.0% (n = 230). Multiple regression showed that the higher the CONUT score, the higher the risk of PPCs (mild malnutrition group vs. normal nutrition group, OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18-2.20, p = 0.003; moderate-to-severe malnutrition group vs. normal nutrition group, OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.51-3.84, p < 0.001). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in moderate-to-severe malnutrition group than that in normal nutrition group, HR: 1.88, (95% CI: 1.34-2.62, p < 0.001). Older age, male sex, chronic heart disease, open surgery, blood transfusion during surgery, distant metastasis of tumor and colon tumor were all risk factors for PPCs. Furthermore, the malnutrition groups had poor surgical outcomes including postoperative pneumonia (mild vs. normal nutrition, OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07-2.52, p = 0.024; moderate-to-severe vs. normal nutrition, OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.36-4.62, p = 0.00), ICU admission (mild vs. normal nutrition, OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.31-3.56, p = 0.002; moderate-to-severe vs. normal nutrition, OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.07-7.20, p < 0.001), hospital stay ≥14 days (mild vs. normal nutrition, OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.56, p = 0.006) and 1-year mortality (mild vs. normal nutrition, HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11-2.46, p = 0.014; moderate-to-severe vs. normal nutrition, HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.28-4.02, p = 0.005).
Conclusion: The preoperative CONUT score is a potential indicator for predicting PPCs and surgical outcomes in CRC patients.
Background: Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to investigate the relationship between dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) among adults in the United States, our analysis revealed that an increased dietary quality was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of MAFLD in the American population.
Method: The NHANES dataset, encompassing the years 2017-2018 and comprising 3,557 participants, was incorporated into our analytical framework. Weighted multivariate linear regression model was performed to assess the linear relationship between the HEI-2015 and MAFLD. Dietary intake data were derived from two 24-h dietary recall interviews conducted as part of NHANES.
Results: Following multivariable adjustment, the weighted multivariable linear regression models demonstrated a negative correlation between the HEI-2015 total scores and the risk of MAFLD. The weighted logistic regression models revealed that each unit of increased HEI-2015 total value was associated with a 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9%, 1.5%; P < 0.001) decrease in the risk of f MAFLD. Upon categorization of the HEI-2015 scores into quartiles, the odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the risk of MAFLD and the quartile scores of HEI-2015, in comparison to the baseline quartile, were 0.945 (95% CI: 0.852-1.047; P = 0.279), 0.834 (95% CI: 0.750-0.927; P < 0.001), and 0.723 (95% CI: 0.646-0.811; P < 0.001), respectively. When participants were stratified by age and sex, subgroup analyses showed a similar trend. This pattern was also evident in the smooth curve fitting (SCF) and weighted generalized additive model (GAM).
Conclusion: Elevated dietary quality, as assessed by the total and component food scores of the HEI-2015, was significantly correlated with a diminished risk of MAFLD among participants in the NHANES survey featured in this investigation.
Background: The 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study shows a continuous increase in the burden of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 (CKD-T2DM) from 1990 to 2021. This study examines the influence of dietary risk factors across various populations and socioeconomic groups.
Methods: Utilizing the 2021 GBD data, we analyzed age-standardized CKD-T2DM metrics-including mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and age-standardized rates (ASR)-stratified by age, gender, and region. The study employs estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to monitor temporal trends and project future trends from 2022 to 2035 using bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis.
Results: The results indicate that, in 2021, 20.55% of CKD-T2DM mortality and 23.21% of CKD-T2DM DALY were attributed to poor diets, especially those low in fruits and high in red and high processed meat. Throughout this period, both mortality and DALY rates associated with dietary risks increased significantly, with the most rapid increase in diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages, highlighting the considerable impact of dietary factors on the global CKD-T2DM landscape. Geographic disparities in T2DM trends are evident, with the most significant increases in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) observed in regions such as high-income North America and Central Latin America. Socio-demographic index (SDI) is negatively correlated with the CKD-T2DM burden attributable to dietary risk factors.
Conclusion: Public health interventions that target dietary changes can significantly reduce the global burden of CKD-T2DM.
Background: Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), which is derived from measurements of waist circumference and triglyceride (TG) levels, serves as a comprehensive indicator of lipid accumulation. Emerging research indicates that lipid accumulation dysfunction might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the investigation into the association between LAP and COPD risk is still insufficient, particularly in population-based research. This research intends to examine the possible correlation between LAP and the likelihood of developing COPD.
Methods: This study, designed as a cross-sectional analysis, made use of data gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2017 to 2020, encompassing a total of 7,113 eligible participants. LAP, the exposure variable, was calculated using waist circumference and triglyceride concentration. COPD diagnosis was determined using participants' self-reported information. To explore the association between LAP and COPD, multivariate logistic regression models were applied, and smoothing curve fitting was employed to examine any potential nonlinear patterns. Further analysis included stratified subgroup evaluations to assess how variables such as sex, smoking habits, and alcohol intake might impact the relationship between LAP and COPD.
Results: The findings indicated a significant increase in COPD risk with each one-unit rise in ln LAP, as evidenced by an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.16 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04-1.30, p < 0.01]. Furthermore, a quartile-based analysis revealed that individuals in the highest ln LAP category had a considerably higher likelihood of developing COPD compared to those in the lowest category, with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.04-1.75, P for trend <0.01). Furthermore, the smoothing curve fitting identified a nonlinear and positive association between ln LAP and COPD, suggesting a steeper increase in risk as ln LAP values rise. Subgroup analysis suggested that this association remained fairly consistent across various demographic groups.
Conclusion: This study found a significant link between higher LAP levels and an elevated risk of COPD, with the association displaying a nonlinear pattern. As a marker of lipid accumulation abnormalities, LAP may serve as a valuable tool for assessing COPD risk and could inform strategies for early identification and targeted clinical management.
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities and complications of diabetes, which is mainly manifested by loss of learning ability and memory, behavioural disorders, and may even develop into dementia. While traditional anti-diabetic medications are effective in improving cognition and memory, long-term use of these medications can be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternative therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that phytogenic bioactive peptides play an important role in the regulation of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, we explored the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction, and the potential and underlying mechanisms of plant-derived bioactive peptides to improve diabetic cognitive dysfunction. We found that plant-derived active peptides alleviate diabetic cognitive impairment by inhibiting key enzymes (e.g., α-glucosidase, α-amylase) to improve blood glucose levels and increase antioxidant activity, modulate inflammatory mediators, and address intestinal dysbiosis. In conclusion, plant-derived active peptides show strong potential to improve diabetic cognitive impairment.
Background: Creatine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its impact on tumors remains uncertain.
Methods: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 to investigate the relationship between dietary creatine intake and cancer in American adults. A total of 25,879 participants aged 20 years and older were included, and their medical information, dietary creatine intake, and covariates were collected. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between age, dietary creatine intake, and cancer risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the nonlinear relationships between dietary creatine intake, age, and cancer prevalence.
Results: RCS analysis revealed a linear, negative association between dietary creatine intake and cancer risk. For each standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary creatine intake, cancer risk decreased by 5% (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, p = 0.025). This negative association was strongest among males (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, p = 0.021) and overweight participants (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, p = 0.044). Interaction results indicated specific age group effects. Further analysis showed that higher dietary creatine intake was significantly inversely associated with cancer risk among older adults (adjusted OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97, p = 0.014). RCS analysis revealed a linear, positive correlation between age and cancer risk. For each SD increase in age, cancer risk increased by 3.27 times (adjusted OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 3.07-3.48, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher dietary creatine intake may reduce cancer risk in a nationally representative adult population. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between dietary creatine intake and cancer risk.
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