Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: Abdominal obesity is recognized as a key risk factor for developing OAB. However, traditional measures of obesity, such as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI), may not sufficiently capture fat distribution in the body. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between novel anthropometric indices and OAB, providing a more accurate assessment of obesity-related risk factors.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2018 were utilized, comprising 27,560 participants. To assess the association and discriminative ability of novel anthropometric indices, including the Body Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-to-Weight Index (WWI), and Relative Fat Mass (RFM), with OAB, we employed multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods.

Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of novel anthropometric indices were positively associated with OAB prevalence. One z-score increase in WWI, BRI, RFM, and ABSI was associated with a 16, 31, 57, and 5% higher likelihood of OAB, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between RFM and OAB. ROC analysis indicated that WWI (AUC = 0.680) and RFM (AUC = 0.661) provided better diagnostic accuracy than traditional measures such as BMI (AUC = 0.599). Subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings.

Conclusion: Novel anthropometric indices were positively associated with OAB prevalence. WWI and RFM demonstrated significantly better diagnostic value for OAB than BMI and WHtR. Future studies should investigate the potential of combining multiple anthropometric indices to improve predictive accuracy and conduct prospective studies to determine causality.

Background: Ethiopia has had a long-standing national commitment to improving child health. However, evidence on trends in breastfeeding has remained fragmented, and there is a paucity of information on the impacts of breastfeeding policy on breast feeding practices and associated factors influencing it. This study examined trends and determinants of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in the last two decades.

Methods: The study employed a retrospective observational design using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS2000-2019) dataset for children aged <6 months and their mothers. Data analyses were performed via SPSS version 25. Trend analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used.

Results: Exclusive and predominant breastfeeding practices have fluctuated inconsistently over the past two decades. Exclusive breastfeeding increased from 59.96% in 2000 to 66.01% in 2016 and then decreased to 59.86% in 2019. Predominant breastfeeding decreased from 40.04% in 2000 to 32.95% in 2016 and increased to 39.43% in 2019. Regional state, place of residence, and religion were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the likelihood of practicing exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.

Conclusion: These inconsistent trends and the complex interplay of various factors suggest the limited success of previous policies and strategies and highlight the need for further investigation and revisiting current policies for a more nuanced and targeted approach in future interventions.

Purpose: High consumption of Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been identified as a potential risk factor for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the impact of UPF, which are typical combination of processed foods, on liver health through alterations in gut microbiota and metabolic processes. We aim to examine the potential impact of UPF on liver health and to explore the role of gut microbiota and metabolites.

Methods: This study used Sprague-Dawley rats to mimic modern UPF diets for 90 days. Some serum biochemical indices, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the liver, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of rat feces were detected.

Results: The UPF diet-induced simple steatosis of the liver in rats without affecting the levels of IL-6, GSH, MDA, and SOD. Additionally, it modified the gut microbiota, increasing potentially harmful bacteria, such as norank_f__Desulfovibrionaceae and Staphylococcus, while also elevating the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Dubosiella and Allobaculum. Furthermore, the consumption of UPF led to a metabolomic disorder characterized by disruptions in the sphingolipid signaling pathway, sulfur relay system, and arachidonic acid metabolism.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the consumption of UPF influences the development of simple hepatic steatosis, potentially through alterations in gut microbiota and metabolomics.

Introduction: Alisma starch (AS) from Alismatis Rhizoma has potential applications but has been less studied compared to common starches like corn starch (CS) and potato starch (PS).

Methods: We used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rapid visco analysis to study the granule morphology, crystal structure, pasting properties, freeze -thaw stability, solubility, swelling degree, and gel strength of AS, CS, and PS.

Results: AS has a lower starch content but higher amylose content than CS and PS. It has a smaller particle size and is A-type starch. Its pasting temperature and trough viscosity are higher, and its freeze -thaw stability is intermediate. Gel strength increases with concentration and shows no significant difference between 10% AS and 12% PS.

Discussion: AS has good heat resistance, shear resistance, and gel strength, indicating potential for high-temperature processed foods. Future research should focus on its heat resistance mechanism and broader applications.

Background: Oxidative stress has been reported to participant in the pathogenesis of gallstones. Oxidative balance score (OBS) represents pro-oxidant and antioxidant exposures to diet and lifestyle, closely associated with multiple metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between OBS and gallstones remains unclear.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. OBS was calculated based on the 24-h recall interviews or questionnaires. We used weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model to identify the relationship between OBS and gallstones. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore potential heterogeneity and stability of the results. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating effects of serum lipid in the association between OBS and gallstones.

Results: A total of 7,618 participants were finally included in this study. Weighted logistics regression showed that total OBS was associated with gallstones risk (OR = 0.98, p = 0.03), particularly in individuals who were under 60 years old, Hispanic, educated below high school, non-smokers, had hypertension or malignancy. Dietary and lifestyle OBS independently contribute to the protection against gallstones. RCS analysis indicated a non-linear relationship between OBS and gallstones (p = 0.03). WQS and BKMR model identified that BMI, vitamin E, vitamin B6, magnesium and carotene played relatively important role among 20 components. Mediation analysis showed serum TG and HDL as mediators of the association between OBS and gallstones.

Conclusion: Higher OBS or increased oxidative balance are positively associated with reduction of gallstone risk. This findings provide valuable insights for surveillance and interventions targeting for antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle for gallstone disease.

The consumption of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has increased significantly in recent decades. The nutritional status of pregnant women plays a crucial role in determining the likelihood of their offspring developing hypertension in adulthood. While NNSs provide a sweet taste without adding to sugar intake, emerging evidence suggests that maternal consumption of not only nutritive sweeteners (such as fructose) but also NNS may lead to adverse outcomes in offspring, including hypertension. This review provides an overview of the latest research connecting maternal intake of sweeteners to the long-term risk of hypertension in offspring. We examine proposed mechanisms underlying the programming of offspring hypertension by sweeteners, encompassing oxidative stress, dysregulated nutrient sensing signals, abnormal renin-angiotensin system, transcriptome changes, and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Additionally, we outline preventive strategies that can help alleviate offspring hypertension programmed by maternal diets high in sweeteners. Recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms through which maternal consumption of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners contributes to offspring hypertension offer promise for addressing this widespread health concern at its developmental roots. Nonetheless, further research is needed to educate the public about the safety of sweetener consumption during pregnancy and lactation.

Introduction: Prolonged hyperglycemia caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to liver injury and disrupt the community of the gut microbiota that pose significant risks to human health. As a food rich in a variety of active ingredients, Zingiber striolatum (Z. striolatum) exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, the regulatory influence of Z. striolatum ethanol extract (ZSE) on the gut microbiota of T2DM mice or its potential relationship with T2DM pathology remains unexplored.

Methods: After a one-week acclimation period, 12 mice were randomly selected as the normal group. The remaining 48 mice were employed T2DM model, and then randomly assigned to four groups: the model group, a low-dose ZSE group (ZSE-L, 100 mg/kg/day), a high-dose ZSE group (ZSE-H, 300 mg/kg/day), and a positive control group treated with metformin hydrochloride (MET, 100 mg/kg/day).

Results: After a 4-week intervention, the results revealed that ZSE significantly ameliorated fasting blood glucose (FBG), area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test (AUC of OGTT) and glycated serum protein (GSP) in T2DM mice. Moreover, the high-dose (ZSE-H) treatment increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibaculum, while reducing harmful bacteria such as Bilophila, thereby alleviating insulin resistance. Additionally, ZSE-H demonstrated superior efficacy over low-dose (ZSE-L) in improving FBG, AUC of OGTT, and other hypoglycemic parameters. Predictive analysis of the correlation between gut microbiota and hypoglycemic parameters identified Dubosiella, Bacillus, and Mailhella as potential microbial biomarkers for further investigation into the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Conclusion: ZSE plays a pivotal role in mitigating hyperglycemia in T2DM mice through the modulation of intestinal microbiota communities.

Objectives: The global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising, and the gut microbiota is closely associated with it. The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) assesses the impact of diet on the microbiota, but its association with diabetes risk remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between DI-GM and the risk of diabetes and analyze the mediating roles of phenotypic age and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Utilizing data from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, we included 17,444 adults aged 20 years and older. DI-GM (score range: 0-13) was calculated based on dietary recall. Diabetes was diagnosed based on laboratory results and self-reported information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DI-GM and diabetes, adjusting for relevant covariates. Mediation analysis evaluated the roles of phenotypic age and BMI.

Results: After adjusting for confounders, higher DI-GM scores were significantly associated with a lower risk of diabetes (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90-0.96, p < 0.001). Compared to the group with DI-GM scores of 0-3, those with scores of 5 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67-0.86) and ≥ 6 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68-0.88) had significantly reduced diabetes risk. Phenotypic age and BMI accounted for 41.02 and 25.57% of the association between DI-GM and diabetes, respectively.

Conclusion: Higher DI-GM scores are associated with a lower risk of diabetes, partially mediated through reduced phenotypic age and BMI.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against thyroid-specific antigens. Dietary sodium intake has been implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases, but its association with HT remains unclear.

Methods: This study investigates the relationship between dietary sodium density (the ratio of sodium to energy intake) and HT using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES data, focusing on adults aged 20 years and older with available dietary and thyroid profile data. Sodium density was calculated from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of sodium density with HT, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to explore non-linear relationships.

Results: A total of 6,258 participants were included, with 576 (9.20%) diagnosed with HT. An additional unit of dietary sodium density was associated with a 24% increased risk of HT (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.50) in adjusted model. A breakpoint at 2.43 mg/kcal in dietary sodium density was identified using a piecewise regression model. Below this threshold, HT risk increased with rising sodium density, while above it, the risk plateaued. Higher sodium density was also associated with increased TPOAb positivity (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.56), but not TgAb positivity.

Conclusion: Elevated dietary sodium density is associated with an increased risk of HT and TPOAb positivity, suggesting that sodium intake may play a role in the pathogenesis of HT.