Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Introduction: Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are formulated with ingredients thought to improve nutrient delivery, limit fatigue, and enhance focus. Since high-intensity functional training (HIFT) often challenges athletes to complete "as many reps as possible" (AMRAP) within a time limit, understanding the physiological and perceptual responses that underpin performance is important to success. However, little is known about the effects of any MIPS formulation on HIFT performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the acute metabolic and perceptive responses following a 5- and 15-min HIFT AMRAP.

Methods: Twelve men and ten women (29.3 ± 7.1 years, 171 ± 7 cm, 80.5 ± 15.6 kg) with at least 2 years of HIFT experience completed four weekly visits in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. On each visit, pre-exercise heart rate, energy expenditure, subjective ratings of effort were measured, along with collecting ultrasound images of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) to quantify muscle cross-sectional area (cm², CSA) and echo intensity. Participants then consumed either the supplement (S) or placebo (P), rested 40 min, and then completed either a 5- or 15-min AMRAP circuit of rowing, barbell thrusters and box jumps. All pre-exercise measures were repeated after workout completion.

Results: MIPS led to a greater increase in RF CSA in both workout durations (+1.22 cm², p = 0.004; +1.43 cm², p < 0.001) and VL CSA in the 15-min bout only (+4.63 cm², p < 0 0.001). No other supplement-related differences were observed. Both workout durations elicited significant (p < 0.05) increases in muscle size, heart rate, blood lactate concentrations, oxygen consumption, caloric expenditure, and perceived effort, with proportionately greater in men than women.

Conclusion: The multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement led to greater acute increases in quadriceps CSA, an indirect indicator of post-exercise muscle fluid shifts, without between-supplement differences in heart rate, energy expenditure, or metabolic byproducts. These findings help contextualize previously reported performance outcomes obtained using the same cohort and protocol.

Background: The planetary health diet (PHD) has been established as linked to various diseases, yet its association with sleep health remains unexplored. This study is the first to investigate the associations of the PHD with sleep quality and duration, and to further evaluate its joint association with physical exercise, leveraging a national sample to inform healthy aging strategies.

Methods: This study utilized data from 9,041 elderly participants in the eighth wave of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. A PHD Index (PHDI) was constructed based on 10 food groups from a simplified food frequency questionnaire, while sleep quality and duration data were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between the PHD and sleep quality and duration.

Results: The study identified 4,730 (52.32%) participants with good sleep quality and 3,257 (36.02%) with adequate sleep duration. In the adjusted model, higher PHDI scores were associated with better sleep quality (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20-1.52) and adequate sleep duration (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.20-1.54). Each one-point increase in the PHDI score was associated with 5 and 4% higher odds of good sleep quality and adequate sleep duration, respectively. Notably, in the joint analysis, participants with both a high PHDI and regular physical exercise exhibited significantly higher odds of good sleep quality (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.42-1.89) and adequate sleep duration (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.27-1.73) compared to those with a low PHDI and no exercise.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a higher PHD was associated with better sleep quality and adequate sleep duration, highlighting the dual benefits of plant-based and sustainable diets for personal sleep health and the planet.

Aim: High diet quality has increasingly been acknowledged as a significant factor influencing mental health. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and mental health issues, specifically depression and anxiety, among people living with human immunodeficiency (PLHIV).

Design and methods: In the cross-sectional study, data were collected from 700 PLHIV through in-person interviews conducted at HIV-specific hospitals in Jinhua city. Dietary intake and food information were obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed through the CHEI. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to examine their associations.

Results: The average total CHEI scores were 60.8 ± 12.0. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of total CHEI scores exhibited a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-0.60) and anxiety (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34-0.96) compared to those in the lowest quartile. The RCS analysis indicated that as total CHEI scores exceeded 60, the risk of experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms showed a declining trend. Furthermore, higher CHEI's component scores for dark vegetables, fruits, and dairy products were associated with lower odds of experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms within this population.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated that diet quality, as evaluated by the CHEI, was inversely associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety among PLHIV.

Background: Preterm birth is a critical period for brain development, as extrauterine factors can impair growth and myelination, thereby increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Adequate nutrition and rapid weight gain are associated with better cognitive outcomes, and the choice of lipid emulsion during parenteral nutrition may influence these results. SMOFlipid®, enriched with omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, could reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially lowering bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk. This study compared brain maturation at term-equivalent age (TEA) using MRI and neurodevelopment at 2 years in infants receiving either SMOFlipid® or Intralipid®.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective observational cohort study, we included all very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted to the NICU of our institution between 2017 and 2021. Infants who underwent brain MRI at term-equivalent age and completed neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years were included, and those with severe brain lesions were excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the lipid emulsion administered during parenteral nutrition. The primary outcome was neurodevelopment at 24 months of corrected age (CA). The secondary outcome was brain maturation assessed by the total maturation score (TMS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: A total of 121 VLBW infants were included and categorized into two cohorts based on the lipid formulation administered: multi-component lipid emulsion (MLE) in 62 and soybean lipid emulsion (SLE) in 49 infants. TMS showed non-statistically significant differences among infants treated with SLE compared with those treated with MLE, as well as in neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed using Griffith's scales.

Conclusion: Despite integrating brain imaging and clinical follow-up data, this study could not determine the optimal lipid emulsion for preterm infants.

Background: Methionine, one of the essential amino acids that needs to be obtained through protein-rich diet, provides important sulfur elements for the human body, which is crucial for protein synthesis, antioxidant and metabolic regulation. Many tumors develop a metabolic dependency due to the lack of a working methionine salvage pathway, which can be targeted by methionine restriction (MR).

Results: The core mechanism of MR lies in disrupting one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic regulation that rely on methionine, depleting the crucial metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), thereby inhibiting histone/DNA methylation, disrupting redox homeostasis, and ultimately inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Substantial evidence indicates that MR, achieved by specific metabolic enzyme inhibitors or diet with special formulations, can intervene in tumor progression from a metabolic standpoint. Additionally, combining methionine restriction with existing treatments can achieve satisfactory outcomes in the clinical management of various tumors.

Conclusion: This article provides insights into the research and its translational potential of methionine restriction as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, with the emphasis on the contributions that advance the field and better serve the clinical research community.

Kefir is a fermented dairy product that can be prepared through microbial fermentation using kefir grains. These grains consist of a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeasts that influence the chemical composition, texture, and sensory characteristics of fermented milk. The incorporation of fruit by-products during fermentation has been explored as a strategy to enhance the functional quality of kefir-based beverages. Among them, plantain (Musa paradisiaca) by-products represent a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential and significant amounts of dietary fiber. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation conditions of milk kefir enriched with green plantain peel using response surface methodology and evaluate the microbial viability of the optimized beverage during 21 days of storage. Fermentation parameters were established through preliminary tests, employing UHT milk, sugar (8%), kefir grains, and green plantain peel, fermented for 4 h at 25 °C, using a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The CCRD included two independent variables (X1: green plantain peel 10%-30.0% and X₂: Kefir grains, 5%-20%). The optimized formulation, containing 20% green plantain peel and 10% kefir grains, showed increased protein content and reduced carbohydrate levels compared to the control beverage. Although higher inoculum levels did not significantly enhance bioactive compound content, this was likely due to microbial utilization of these metabolites. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased over storage, reaching ~104 CFU ml^-1 after 21 days, demonstrating the stability of the core kefir microbiota. Sensory evaluation indicated an overall acceptability index of 81.29%. In conclusion, the enrichment of milk kefir with green plantain peel resulted in a nutritionally improved and sensorially accepted beverage, characterized by higher protein density and lower carbohydrate content. These findings highlight the potential of plantain peel as a functional ingredient for the development of enhanced fermented dairy products.

Introduction: Multimodal prehabilitation, integrating exercise, nutrition, and psychological support, has shown value in perioperative care for gastrointestinal cancers, but its efficacy-especially as a short-course intervention tailored to gastric cancer's need for timely surgery-remains insufficiently validated.

Methods: Eligible patients undergoing radical gastrectomy received either a 1-week multimodal prehabilitation program plus standard perioperative care (prehabilitation group) or standard perioperative care alone (control group). Primary endpoint was the 30-day postoperative complication rate; secondary endpoints included functional capacity, patient-reported outcomes, recovery metrics, and hospital stay.

Results: Recruitment was conducted from July 2022 to July 2024. A total of 150 patients were randomized, with 131 completing the trial (66 in the prehabilitation group, 65 in the control group). Baseline demographics (gender, age, education level) and clinical characteristics (comorbidities, TNM staging, surgical details) were comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). For the primary endpoint, the prehabilitation group had a significantly lower 30-day overall complication rate (9.1% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.010), with the largest reduction in pulmonary infections (6.1% vs. 21.5%, p < 0.05). For secondary endpoints, the prehabilitation group showed earlier time to first flatus (58.32 ± 26.82 vs. 89.55 ± 26.14 h, p < 0.001), shorter interval to oral intake (48.43 ± 31.98 vs. 105.85 ± 57.36 h, p < 0.001), reduced time to ambulation (25.14 ± 10.63 vs. 38.99 ± 21.01 h, p < 0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (7.76 ± 1.57 vs. 9.77 ± 3.80 days, p < 0.001). They also had superior preoperative 6MWD (448.60 ± 103.65 vs. 362.43 ± 91.85 m, p < 0.001), higher preoperative caloric (25.21 ± 6.33 vs. 16.34 ± 4.44 Kcal/kg IBW, p < 0.001) and protein intake (1.24 ± 0.35 vs. 0.62 ± 0.25 g/kg IBW, p < 0.001), higher discharge QoR-40c scores (p < 0.05), and lower Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety: p = 0.026, depression: p < 0.001) and Fatigue Severity Scale scores (p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Multimodal prehabilitation (integrating exercise, nutrition, and psychological support) significantly improves perioperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients-including reducing postoperative complications, accelerating functional recovery, and enhancing psychological well-being.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier ChiCTR2200062938.

Calorie tracking refers to the monitoring of daily caloric intake, often pursued for health- or weight-related purposes. Previous studies have found associations between tracking and disordered eating; however, the role of individuals' energy balance and psychosocial factors remains underexplored. This study examined how tracking behavior and self-reported energy balance are related in a fitness-oriented sample and explored associations with body image-related factors and functional impairment. In an online survey of German-speaking followers of fitness influencers (n = 5,902; 5,480 women, 422 men), participants indicated whether they tracked calories fully or partially and reported their energy balance. They also completed measures of drive for thinness, drive for size, functional impairment, and appearance intolerance. Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations with tracking. A negative energy balance and drive for thinness were associated with calorie tracking in both sexes, whereas a positive energy balance and drive for size were associated with tracking only among men. Functional impairment was positively associated with tracking in both sexes, whereas appearance intolerance showed no association in men and a negative association in women. These findings align with traditional concerns about body ideals, which underscores the need for a critical evaluation of tracking behavior in clinical and theoretical contexts, particularly in vulnerable groups.