Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: Recent studies have increasingly emphasized the strong correlation between the lipidome and the risk of pancreatic diseases. To determine causality, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to identify connections between the lipidome and pancreatic diseases.

Methods: Statistics from a genome-wide association study of the plasma lipidome, which included a diverse array of 179 lipid species, were obtained from the GeneRISK cohort study with 7,174 participants. Genetic associations with four types of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were sourced from the R11 release of the FinnGen consortium. Two pancreatitis datasets from UK Biobank were employed as the validation cohort. MR analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the genetically predicted plasma lipidome and these pancreatic diseases. Inverse variance weighted was adopted as the main statistical method. Bayesian weighted MR was employed for further verification. The MR-Egger intercept test for pleiotropy and Cochrane's Q statistics test for heterogeneity were performed to ensure the robustness.

Results: MR analysis yielded significant evidence that 26, 25, 2, and 19 lipid species were correlated with diverse outcomes of pancreatitis, and 8 lipid species were correlated with pancreatic cancer. Notably, sterol ester (27:1/20:2) levels (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.90, P = 5.79 × 10^-7) were significantly associated with acute pancreatitis, and phosphatidylcholine (17:0_20:4) levels (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94, P = 1.78 × 10^-4) and sterol ester (27:1/20:4) levels (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, P = 2.71 × 10^-4) levels were significantly associated with chronic pancreatitis after the Bonferroni-corrected test. As for validation, 14 and 9 lipid species were correlated with acute and chronic pancreatitis of UK Biobank. Some lipid classes showed significant effects both in the FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank datasets.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate a potential genetic predisposition linking the plasma lipidome to pancreatic diseases and good prospects for future pancreatic disease clinical trials.

Objective: Elevated sodium consumption is associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and data for this disease burden attributable to high sodium intake in China from 1990 to 2019 are scarce in China. Our study aims to estimate and present the national burden of CKD attributable to high sodium intake, as well as its profile.

Methods: The regional disease burden data from the China Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA) from 1990 to 2019 were compiled based on the methodology of GBD 2019. CKD burden [deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)] was quantified according to population group (age, gender) and regions categories (province, SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) were calculated to describe long-term trends.

Results: Totally, the number of deaths of CKD attributable to high sodium intake reached 95,000, with DALYs amounting to 2.59 million person-years in 2019, while the trends of ASMR (EAPC: -0.31, 95%CI: -0.46, -0.17%) and ASDR (-0.33, 95%CI: -0.48, -0.18%) were down during the observation period. The age-specific numbers and rates of deaths, as well as DALYs increase with age are higher in males than in females. Significant disparities in CKD burden attributable to high sodium intake were observed across provinces and SDI regions. In both 1990 and 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs were higher in middle SDI regions, while low-middle SDI regions had highest ASMR and ASDR. The EAPC of ASDR was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the 1990 ASDR (ρ = -0.393, p = 0.024), and the EAPC of ASMR and ASDR were also significantly negatively correlated with the 2019 SDI (ASMR:ρ = -0.571, p < 0.001; ASDR:ρ = -0.368, p = 0.035).

Conclusion: High sodium intake accounted for a sizeable burden of disease from 1990 to 2019 in China, also presents sexual and geographic variations. Despite a slight decreasing trend exists, the absolute number increased as much as twofold, particularly among males and seniors. Targeting to reduce sodium intake remains a priority, and progress requires systematic monitoring and evaluation, particularly in middle SDI regions that are experiencing rising trends and low-middle SDI regions being susceptible to approaches.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to cross-validate an earlier developed algorithm-based screener and explore additional potential predictors for whether athletes will use third-party-tested (TPT) supplements.

Methods: To justify the initial model behind the supplement safety screener (S3) algorithm which predicts whether athletes will use TPT supplements, a cross-validation was performed using this independent dataset based on responses of a large group of collegiate NCAA DI athletes. Additionally, explorative modeling using stepwise logistic regression was used to identify new predictors for TPT supplement use to create and evaluate a new model for future use.

Results: The S3 algorithm was applied to the responses from n = 662 athletes using supplements (age: 20 ± 1.5 years, 50% female, from >24 sports) confirming that the algorithm identifies consistent and inconsistent TPT users (χ² (1) = 15.95, p < 0.001), with a moderate area under the curve (AUC, 0.67) and a moderate specificity (68%), but low sensitivity (51%). Explorative modeling identified two new variables: TPT logo recognition, and having at least one name, image, likeness (NIL) deal that may help to predict TPT supplement use.

Discussion: Strong relationships between risk groupings and product use outcomes toward TPT supplement use were identified for the athletes screened. The S3 screener showed high sensitivity for identifying student-athletes inconsistently using TPT supplements, but a low specificity, lacking the ability to place less risky athletes into low-risk quadrants. The exploratory modeling, identifying TPT logo recognition and having a NIL deal, further strengthens our knowledge on predictors for consistent TPT supplement use.

Background: We aimed to assess the global impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to dietary risk factors.

Methods: The research utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) linked to CKD resulting from dietary risk factors.

Results: From 1990 to 2021, both the ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for CKD attributable to dietary risk factors exhibited an overall increasing trend globally. The mortality EAPC was 0.65, while the EAPC for DALYs stood at 0.39. Among dietary risk factors examined, a diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with the most substantial increase in CKD burden. Notably, Central sub-Saharan Africa bore the highest burden of CKD due to dietary risk factors, with an ASMR of 10.24 and an ASDR of 229.23. The increases in ASMR and ASDR were more pronounced in high-income regions, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the EAPC values for ASMR were 1.45 and 1.05, respectively, and for ASDR were 1.08 and 0.96. Furthermore, the burden of CKD was notably higher among middle-aged and elderly individuals, especially men aged 65 and above.

Conclusion: The global disease burden attributed to dietary risk factors for CKD is increasing. A diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages exerted the most significant impact on CKD. There is a high incidence in Central sub-Saharan Africa, as well as in high-income regions and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Background: Nutrient deficiency disorders (NDs) harm growth, causing economic losses. Addressing NDs is a global priority, yet recent data is limited. This study examines latest NDs data across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study were used to analyze NDs-related incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) at global, national, and regional levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to evaluate temporal trends, with Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) assessing long-term patterns.

Results: In 2021, the global burden of NDs remained substantial, with a total of 1,845,246,558 cases with an ASPR of 23,858.99 cases per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 23,445.77-24,320.82). The ASIR was 7,725.1 per 100,000 people (95% UI: 7,404.01-8,109.01), while the ASMR was 3.03 per 100,000 persons (95% UI: 2.69-3.4). Additionally, age-standardized DALYs rate was 657.62 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 489.93-869.58). Regionally, areas with low SDI exhibited the greatest ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rates, whereas high SDI regions had the lowest rates.

Conclusions: Although global NDs burden has declined from 1990 to 2021, regional and demographic disparities remain. Enhanced healthcare access in high-risk SDI regions is essential to further mitigate NDs's global impact.

Background: Recent studies have reported growing evidence supporting applying the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. This investigation intended to ascertain the link between CONUT scores and the prognosis in the AMI population.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases, encompassing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were retrieved from the inception of the databases until July 20, 2024, to explore the link between CONUT scores and adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with AMI. Primary outcomes consisted of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality, while secondary outcomes encompassed stroke, cardiac death, myocardial reinfarction, revascularization, ventricular arrhythmias, and atrioventricular block. A random-effects meta-analysis was executed, with CONUT scores treated as either categorical or continuous variables. Sensitivity analyses and Egger's test were conducted to appraise the robustness of results and publication bias, respectively. Subgroup analyses were executed to account for various confounding factors. Moreover, the GRADE system was leveraged to appraise the quality of evidence for all outcomes.

Results: Fifteen studies were included in our analysis. The statistical analyses on both categorical and continuous variables unraveled that a high CONUT score was markedly linked to an elevated risk of MACE [categorical variable: odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42-2.15; continuous variable: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.78-1.26], mortality (categorical variable: OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.70-2.55; continuous variable: SMD = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.57-1.74), cardiac death (categorical variable: OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.67-4.73), myocardial reinfarction (categorical variable: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.28-3.83), and atrioventricular block (categorical variable: OR = 5.21, 95% CI = 1.83-14.89) in AMI patients. However, no significant association was found between a high CONUT score and stroke (categorical variable: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.98-2.35), revascularization (categorical variable: OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 0.58-14.79), and ventricular arrhythmias (categorical variable: OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 0.06-107.21).

Conclusion: The CONUT score may serve as a promising and cost-effective prognostic biomarker for individuals with AMI.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024574048.

Objective: To investigate the association between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and glaucoma risk.

Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008), we analyzed 2,615 participants aged ≥40 years. OBS was calculated from 15 antioxidant and 5 pro-oxidant components, including dietary nutrients and lifestyle factors. Glaucoma was identified through self-reported diagnosis and retinal imaging. Survey-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess associations.

Results: Higher OBS was associated with lower glaucoma risk (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00). Participants in the highest OBS quartile showed 51% lower odds of glaucoma compared to the lowest quartile (adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.90). The protective effect was more pronounced among middle-aged adults (40-60 years; OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) and males (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90-0.97).

Conclusion: Higher OBS were associated with lower glaucoma prevalence, particularly among middle-aged adults and males, suggesting potential benefits of maintaining oxidative balance in glaucoma prevention.

Introduction: Accurate measurement of dietary intake without interfering in natural eating habits is a long-standing problem in nutritional epidemiology. We explored the applicability of hyperspectral imaging and machine learning for dietary assessment of home-prepared meals, by building a proof-of-concept, which automatically detects food ingredients inside closed sandwiches.

Methods: Individual spectra were selected from 24 hyperspectral images of assembled closed sandwiches, measured in a spectral range of 1116.14 nm to 1670.62 nm over 108 bands, pre-processed with Standard Normal Variate filtering, derivatives, and subsampling, and fed into multiple algorithms, among which PLS-DA, multiple classifiers, and a simple neural network.

Results: The resulting best performing models had an accuracy score of ~80% for predicting type of bread, ~60% for butter, and ~ 28% for filling type. We see that the main struggle in predicting the fillings lies with the spreadable fillings, meaning the model may be focusing on structural aspects and not nutritional composition.

Discussion: Further analysis on non-homogeneous mixed food items, using computer vision techniques, will contribute toward a generalizable system. While there are still significant technical challenges to overcome before such a system can be routinely implemented in studies of free-living subjects, we believe it holds promise as a future tool for nutrition research and population intake monitoring.