Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) represents a complex endocrine disorder characterized by a significant interplay with metabolic dysfunction and obesity. This research endeavors to elucidate the causal dynamics among plasma metabolites, proteins, and PCOS, alongside Body Mass Index (BMI), to pinpoint prospective therapeutic interventions.

Methods: This investigation employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses combined with data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the relationships between 1,400 plasma metabolites and PCOS, factoring in BMI adjustments. Additionally, the study examined the influence of plasma proteins and performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis focusing on retinol consumption and testosterone levels.

Results: MR analyses showed metabolite Glycosyl-N-(2-hydroxynervonoyl)-sphingosine (GNS) and protein Keratin 19 (KRT19) were identified as significant markers in the context of PCOS and BMI adjustments. A Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) underscored the linkage between KRT19 and BMI, while gene-drug interaction findings demonstrated a connection between KRT19 and retinol. Analysis for NHANES data disclosed a negative correlation between retinol intake and testosterone levels, particularly within normal weight and obese cohorts, suggesting the feasibility of dietary interventions for PCOS management.

Conclusion: The study sheds light on the intricate interactions between plasma metabolites, proteins, and PCOS, considering BMI variations, and highlights KRT19 protein as a promising therapeutic target. The outcomes support the integration of retinol consumption into dietary strategies to regulate testosterone levels and potentially alleviate PCOS symptoms, underscoring the necessity for personalized nutritional and therapeutic approaches in the effective management of PCOS.

Both selenium (Se) and anthocyanins are crucial for maintaining human health. Preharvest Se treatments could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis and augment Se levels in vegetables, helping to combat Se deficiencies in dietary intake. However, it remains unknown whether preharvest Se treatment could balance growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and what the appropriate treatment concentration is. In this study, preharvest treatments with sodium selenite at varying concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg) affect the growth and nutritional quality of purple leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) with abundant anthocyanins. Lower Se concentrations (≤10 mg/kg) of preharvest treatments enhanced photosynthesis, facilitated root system development, consequently elevated the biomass. Conversely, higher Se levels (≥30 mg/kg) reduced photosynthesis and biomass. The dosage-dependent effects of Se treatments were corroborated through seedlings cultivated in hydroponic conditions. Moreover, nearly all Se treatments elevated the contents of various nutrients in leaf mustard, particularly anthocyanin and organic se. These results suggest an overall enhancement in nutritional quality of leaf mustard plants. Furthermore, the application of 10 mg/kg Se significantly enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and upregulated the expression of 12 genes pivotal for anthocyanin biosynthesis, further demonstrating the fortified effects of Se enrichment on anthocyanins in leaf mustard. Low-level Se treatments resulted in heightened antioxidant activity (APX, CAT, and POD), mitigating reactive oxygen species induced by increasing Se content in tissues. The enhanced antioxidant activities may be beneficial for the normal growth of leaf mustard under Se stress conditions. In conclusion, our study demonstrated preharvest Se treatment at 10 mg/kg could balance the growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple leaf mustard. This study offers valuable insights into anthocyanin fortification through Se enrichment methods in agricultural practices, ensuring that such fortification does not compromise leafy vegetable yield.

Background: The onset and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly linked to oxidative stress. Previous studies have highlighted the protective effects of individual dietary antioxidants against diabetes. However, the relationship between a comprehensive combination of dietary antioxidants and diabetes has rarely been examined. Therefore, this study assessed the association between various dietary antioxidant intake levels and diabetes among US adults and further investigated potential associations using the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI).

Methods: The study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018 for cross-sectional analysis. Dietary information was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The CDAI was calculated using intakes of six dietary antioxidants from the dietary information. Multifactorial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association of different dietary antioxidants and CDAI with DM. The relationship between CDAI and DM was further explored using subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline curves.

Results: A total of 7,982 subjects (mean age 47.32 ± 16.77 years; 48.50% male and 51.50% female) were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted single antioxidant model, vitamin C intake was significantly and negatively associated with diabetes prevalence (P for trend = 0.047), while zinc intake demonstrated a potential trend toward reduced diabetes risk (P for trend = 0.088). This association was similarly observed in the multivariate-adjusted model for the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) in the female population (p = 0.046).

Conclusion: Intake of vitamin C was negatively associated with DM prevalence. Additionally, CDAI was found to reduce the risk of DM in the female population.

Background: Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) was developed based on the 2015 Dutch Dietary Guidelines and current international scientific evidence. As a dietary quality assessment tool, the LLDS aims to evaluate the association between the Lifeline diet and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the evidence linking LLDS to lung cancer risk is currently limited.

Objective: Our objective was to explore whether adherence to the LLDS is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of lung cancer, including its major histological subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Data for this research were sourced from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Trial. The LLDS for each participant was calculated based on responses to the dietary history questionnaire (DHQ), and subsequently analyzed after being categorized into quintiles. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for both the incidence and mortality of lung cancer, SCLC and NSCLC. Additionally, stratified analyses were conducted to ascertain possible effect modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results: During the mean follow-up periods of 8.8 years for incidence and 15.1 years for mortality, we identified 1,642 new cases and 1,172 related deaths from lung cancer. Participants in the highest quartiles of LLDS compared to those in the lowest exhibited a reduced incidence (HR_Q4:Q1 = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68-0.94, P for trend = 0.003) and mortality (HR_Q4:Q1 = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.67-0.98, P for trend = 0.009) of lung cancer. Furthermore, this negative association remained for SCLC incidence (HR_Q4:Q1 = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35-0.87, P for trend = 0.002) and mortality (HR_Q4:Q1 = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25-0.70, P for trend <0.001). The association between LLDS and the incidence and mortality of lung cancer is not influenced by pre-defined potential effect modifiers (all P _interaction > 0.05). The sensitivity analyses substantiated the robustness of the results.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our research indicates that among 98,459 U.S. adults aged 55 and older, adherence to the LLDS is linked to a diminished incidence and mortality of lung cancer.

Background: This study collects and analyzes clinical data on enteral nutrition therapy in neurocritical patients, develops and validates a feeding intolerance (FI) risk prediction model, and provides a theoretical basis for screening patients with high risk of feeding intolerance (FI) and delivering personalized care.

Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed to select 300 patients who were admitted to a tertiary hospital in China for early enteral nutrition therapy in the neurointensive care unit between April 2022 and December 2022. Independent risk factors for FI were identified using univariate and logistic regression analyses. A prediction model was established, and the goodness of fit and discriminant validity of the model were evaluated.

Results: The incidence of FI in neurocritical patients receiving enteral nutrition was 71%. Logistic regression analysis identified age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, mechanical ventilation, feeding via the nasogastric tube route, hyperglycemia, and low serum albumin as independent risk factors for the development of FI (p < 0.05). The predictive formula for FI risk was established as follows: Logit p = -14.737 + 1.184 × mechanical ventilation +2.309 × feeding route +1.650 × age + 1.336 × GCS tertile (6-8 points) + 1.696 × GCS tertile (3-5 points) + 1.753 × APACHE II score + 1.683 × blood glucose value +1.954 × serum albumin concentration. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ²  = 9.622, p = 0.293, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.941 (95% confidence interval: 0.912-0.970, p < 0.001). The optimal critical value was 0.767, with a sensitivity of 85.9%, a specificity of 90.8%, and a Youden index of 0.715.

Conclusion: The early enteral nutrition FI risk prediction model developed in this study demonstrated good predictive ability. This model can serve as a valuable reference for effectively assessing the risk of FI in neurocritical patients, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes.

Background: The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combination with obesity indictors in aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between TyG and TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-waist height ratio (TyG-WHtR) and AAD risk.

Methods: This study included 387,483 baseline participants from the UK Biobank with complete data on TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated the relationship between these four indicators and the risk of AAD occurrence. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) examined the non-linear relationship between these indicators and AAD risk, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the predictive value of these four indicators for AAD risk.

Results: Over a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 3,041 AAD events were recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that for each standard deviation increase, the risk of AAD occurrence increased by 33% (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.29-1.38), 25% (HR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.21-1.29), 61% (HR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.56-1.66) and 44% (HR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.39-1.49) for TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR, respectively. RCS demonstrated a linear relationship between these indicators and AAD risk, with TyG-WC demonstrating the best performance in predicting AAD occurrence based on ROC curves.

Conclusion: The present study, based on a large prospective cohort design, showed that higher TyG index and its combination with obesity indices were significantly associated with the risk of AAD. Moreover, AFT models further showed that elevation of these indicators significantly advanced the onset of AAD. In addition, RCS analyses demonstrated a linear association between these indicators and the risk of AAD, and the TyG-WC showed higher predictive ability for AAD. These findings emphasize the potential application of the TyG index and its combination with obesity indicators in the early identification of AAD.

Objectives: Observational studies have identified an association between dried fruit intake and kidney function. However, these studies have limitations such as vulnerability to confounders and reverse causality bias. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between dried fruit intake and kidney function.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using a large-scale genome-wide association study dataset to investigate the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and kidney function markers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), uric acid (UA), cystatin C (CyC), hematuria, microalbuminuria). The main analytical method was inverse variance weighting. In addition, we applied the MR Egger and weighted median to assess the robustness of the results. Finally, Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was used to estimate the direct effect of dried fruit intake on kidney function markers.

Results: The univariate MR analysis showed that increased dried fruit intake was associated with lower kidney function markers, including BUN (β: -0.171, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.239 to -0.102, p = 1.063 × 10^-6), CR (β: -0.205, 95% CI: -0.311 to -0.099, p = 1.455 × 10^-4), UA (β = -0.317, 95% CI: -0.384 to -0.249, p = 4.439 × 10^-20), and CysC (β = -0.323, 95% CI: -0.384 to -0.249, p = 1.074 × 10^-11); however, it was unrelated to hematuria and microalbuminuria. Causality persisted after performing MVMR analysis; however, with the addition of alcohol consumption and smoking as exposure factors, the causality for UA (β = -0.296, 95% CI: -0.523 to -0.068, p = 1.094 × 10^-2) and CysC (β = -0.238, 95% CI: -0.465 to -0.011, p = 4.024× 10^-2) weakened, while the causality for BUN (β = -0.038, 95% CI: -0.215 to 0.138, p = 6.698 × 10^-1) and CR (β = -0.038, 95% CI: -0.431 to 0.046, p = 1.347 × 10^-1) disappeared.

Conclusion: Increased dried fruit intake was associated with lower kidney function markers (BUN, CR, UA, and CysC) in the absence of smoking and alcohol consumption; however, the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and BUN and CR disappeared in the presence of smoking and alcohol consumption. These results provide a promising avenue for delaying the course of chronic kidney disease.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized primarily by erythema and scales, having a wide-ranging impact globally. Previous studies have suggested that dietary consumption habits may influence psoriasis. The objective of this study was to determine the causal relationship between dietary consumption habits and psoriasis using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.

Methods: SNP data for 29 dietary consumption habits and psoriasis were obtained from the GWAS catalog database and the FinnGen database, respectively. The Mendelian Randomization analysis was performed using R software, with the 29 dietary consumption habits as the exposure factors and psoriasis as the outcome. Three MR analysis methods-Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median Estimator (WME), and MR-Egger regression-were employed to study the causal relationship between dietary consumption habits and psoriasis.

Results: The IVW analysis indicated an OR (95%CI) of 0.065 (0.008-0.555), p = 0.012, demonstrating a negative correlation between the consumption of dried fruit and psoriasis.

Conclusion: Among the 29 dietary consumption habits analyzed, the intake of dried fruits is a protective factor against psoriasis. Therefore, it is clinically advisable to appropriately increase the intake of dried fruits among patients with psoriasis, serving as a nutritional therapy method in conjunction with pharmacological treatment.

Objective: A systematic analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between a plant-based diet and all-cause mortality.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched. Two authors selected English documents from the database. Then the other two authors extracted the data and evaluated the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). This study adhered to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Project (PRISMA) and the PROSPERO Registry protocols. A mixed-effects model combined maximum adjusted estimates, with heterogeneity measured using the I² statistic. The sensitivity analysis validated the analysis's robustness, while publication bias was assessed.

Results: The results of the meta-analysis of 14 articles revealed that a plant-based diet (PDI) can reduce cancer mortality (RR = 0.88, [95% CI 0.79-0.98], τ²: 0.02, I²: 84.71%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (RR = 0.81, [95% CI 0.76-0.86], τ²: 0.00, I²: 49.25%) and mortality (RR = 0.84, [95% CI 0.79-0.89], τ²: 0.01, I²: 81.99%) risk. Adherence to a healthy plant-based diet (hPDI) was negatively correlated with cancer mortality (RR = 0.91, [95% CI 0.83-0.99], τ²:0.01, I²:85.61%), CVD mortality (RR = 0.85, [95% CI 0.77-0.94], τ²: 0.02, I²: 85.13%) and mortality (RR = 0.85, [95% CI 0.80-0.90], τ²: 0.01, I²: 89.83%). An unhealthy plant-based diet (uPDI) was positively correlated with CVD mortality (RR = 1.19, [95% CI 1.07-1.32], τ²: 0.02, I²: 80.03%) and mortality (RR = 1.18, [95% CI 1.09-1.27], τ²: 0.01, I²: 89.97%) and had a certain correlation with cancer mortality (RR = 1.10, [95% CI 0.97-1.26], τ²: 0.03, I²: 93.11%). Sensitivity analysis showed no contradictory results.

Conclusion: The hPDI was negatively associated with all-cause mortality, and the uPDI was positively associated with all-cause mortality.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#loginpage.

Background: Serum vitamin B12 and α-Klotho are important markers associated with aging. Limited studies have been conducted on the relationship between vitamin B12 and α-Klotho.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between circulating α-Klotho and vitamin B12.

Methods: A total of 4,502 American adults with circulating vitamin B12 levels and α-Klotho levels from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014) were included. A weighted multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between vitamin B12 and α-Klotho levels. To clarify potential non-linearities, smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis were employed.

Results: A statistically significant non-linear relationship was found between vitamin B12 levels and circulating α-Klotho levels after adjusting for potential confounders. We observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and circulating α-Klotho levels. Notably, serum vitamin B12 levels below the threshold (1,020 pg/mL) exhibited a positive correlation with circulating α-Klotho levels (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.18, p < 0.0001). Conversely, serum vitamin B12 levels above the threshold (1,020 pg/mL) exhibited a negative correlation with circulating α-Klotho levels (β = -0.12,95% CI: -0.17--0.06, p < 0.0001). Sensitivity analyses were performed and consistent results were obtained.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated an inverted U-shaped relationship between circulating vitamin B12 and α-Klotho in American adults. The optimal concentration of serum vitamin B12 in American adults was found.